{"title":"Correction to: The attitude of fully vaccinated individuals towards COVID-19 vaccine booster dose: a transverse study from Jordan","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136172350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives COVID-19 vaccines are efficient against serious infections, and those initiated by the various variants. Many high- and middle-income countries have decided to offer third-dose boosters to ensure their populations remain protected against novel COVID-19 variants before additional waves of COVID-19. This study aims to assess individuals' attitudes towards COVID-19 booster vaccination dose and to determine predictors of this attitude. Methods This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The inclusion criteria for participants were Jordanian adults who had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. A quota sampling strategy based on the participant's, age and gender was used to ensure that the sample was broadly representative of the general population in Jordan. The instrument was distributed across popular social networking sites such as Facebook and WhatsApp. The study was conducted in October 2021. Key findings The response rate of this study was 63.5% (n = 952). The mean score of attitudes towards a booster dose of COVID-19 was 47.1 +/- 8.2, indicating that about half of the sample was supportive to the booster dose. There were differences in the acceptability of a booster dose for COVID-19 according to the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Individuals with high income (B = 0.210, P = 0.000), high educational level (B = -0.076, P = 0.026), those who have suffered vaccine side effects (B = -0.081, P = 0.013) and follow the news about COVID-19 (B = 0.076, P = 0.043) were more likely to accept the booster dose than the other groups. Conclusions Participants had mixed attitudes towards the booster dose with about half of the participants willing to take the booster. Some factors associated with such attitude were identified. The findings are useful in developing and implementing effective vaccination strategies that target people who are not ready to take a booster dose.
{"title":"Correction to: The attitude of fully vaccinated individuals towards COVID-19 vaccine booster dose: a transverse study from Jordan","authors":"S. Abuhammad, O. Khabour, Shaher Hamaideh","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac047","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives COVID-19 vaccines are efficient against serious infections, and those initiated by the various variants. Many high- and middle-income countries have decided to offer third-dose boosters to ensure their populations remain protected against novel COVID-19 variants before additional waves of COVID-19. This study aims to assess individuals' attitudes towards COVID-19 booster vaccination dose and to determine predictors of this attitude. Methods This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The inclusion criteria for participants were Jordanian adults who had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. A quota sampling strategy based on the participant's, age and gender was used to ensure that the sample was broadly representative of the general population in Jordan. The instrument was distributed across popular social networking sites such as Facebook and WhatsApp. The study was conducted in October 2021. Key findings The response rate of this study was 63.5% (n = 952). The mean score of attitudes towards a booster dose of COVID-19 was 47.1 +/- 8.2, indicating that about half of the sample was supportive to the booster dose. There were differences in the acceptability of a booster dose for COVID-19 according to the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Individuals with high income (B = 0.210, P = 0.000), high educational level (B = -0.076, P = 0.026), those who have suffered vaccine side effects (B = -0.081, P = 0.013) and follow the news about COVID-19 (B = 0.076, P = 0.043) were more likely to accept the booster dose than the other groups. Conclusions Participants had mixed attitudes towards the booster dose with about half of the participants willing to take the booster. Some factors associated with such attitude were identified. The findings are useful in developing and implementing effective vaccination strategies that target people who are not ready to take a booster dose.","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44937945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamil ur Rahman, Tawseef Ahmad, Muhammad Khan, Asad Ur Rahman, Samia Ghani, F. Ullah Khan
Diabetes mellitus (DM type-2) is a common, non-transmittable disease that affects people all over the world. Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing are more common in diabetic individuals. One of the most critical and fundamental abilities a doctor requires is the ability to write prescriptions. In emerging countries like Pakistan, irrational drug prescribing is a major healthcare issue. This study aims to investigate the prescriptions errors in patients with DM type-2 prescriptions admitted in medical wards and outpatients’ visits departments at Khyber teaching hospital. In the Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, a prospective study was done to determine medicine prescribing patterns and identify prescription errors in hospitalized patients with DM type-2. Over the course of two months, 86 patients’ prescriptions were collected from the hospital’s medical ward. The pattern of prescriptions was investigated using WHO-recommended indicators, and prescription mistakes were identified. DM type-2 was shown to be substantially more common in females than in males in this clinical investigation. For the data analysis, various statistical methods were used and data were visualized. DM type-2 was more common in adults above the age of 65, according to age groups (51–60). It was revealed that the average number of medications per prescription was 8.37%. In this study, we discovered that patients with DM type-2 had higher rates of hypertension than those with other disorders. The percentage of prescriptions with generic names was 3.61%, antibiotics were 15.69%, and injectables were 47.22% of the total 720 medications prescribed. The dose strength was absent in 18.75% of the 720 medications, and 6.25% of the pharmaceuticals had an incorrect dosage form. To promote reasonable drug therapy, the prescription pattern and prescription errors have highlighted the necessity to build an accurate system of documenting and analysing therapy before issuing a prescription.
{"title":"Assessment of prescribing patterns and medication errors related to prescriptions in hospitalized diabetes mellitus type-2 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Jamil ur Rahman, Tawseef Ahmad, Muhammad Khan, Asad Ur Rahman, Samia Ghani, F. Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Diabetes mellitus (DM type-2) is a common, non-transmittable disease that affects people all over the world. Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing are more common in diabetic individuals. One of the most critical and fundamental abilities a doctor requires is the ability to write prescriptions. In emerging countries like Pakistan, irrational drug prescribing is a major healthcare issue. This study aims to investigate the prescriptions errors in patients with DM type-2 prescriptions admitted in medical wards and outpatients’ visits departments at Khyber teaching hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, a prospective study was done to determine medicine prescribing patterns and identify prescription errors in hospitalized patients with DM type-2. Over the course of two months, 86 patients’ prescriptions were collected from the hospital’s medical ward. The pattern of prescriptions was investigated using WHO-recommended indicators, and prescription mistakes were identified. DM type-2 was shown to be substantially more common in females than in males in this clinical investigation. For the data analysis, various statistical methods were used and data were visualized.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 DM type-2 was more common in adults above the age of 65, according to age groups (51–60). It was revealed that the average number of medications per prescription was 8.37%. In this study, we discovered that patients with DM type-2 had higher rates of hypertension than those with other disorders. The percentage of prescriptions with generic names was 3.61%, antibiotics were 15.69%, and injectables were 47.22% of the total 720 medications prescribed. The dose strength was absent in 18.75% of the 720 medications, and 6.25% of the pharmaceuticals had an incorrect dosage form.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To promote reasonable drug therapy, the prescription pattern and prescription errors have highlighted the necessity to build an accurate system of documenting and analysing therapy before issuing a prescription.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42803737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives Low medication adherence is considered a cause of exacerbated diseases and greater economic losses. Hence, information strategies that improve patients’ willingness to take medications have received considerable attention. Newer information strategies that utilise the ‘peak-end rule’ proposed in behavioural economics were investigated in this study to advance strategy development. Methods An online scenario survey was conducted among adults aged 20–79 years in Japan. One of four medication counselling videos on a hypothetical hypertension drug narrated by a pharmacist was viewed by the respondents and their willingness to take the medication was evaluated. The four scenarios differed according to the presence or absence of risk probability and the order in which risk and benefit were provided. Key findings The responses of 383 participants were analysed and the results revealed that providing risk probability increased their willingness to take medication (3%), whereas the estimated risk probability by the participants was 28.7% on an average when no numerical probability was provided. Moreover, when risk probability was provided in a benefit/risk order, the willingness to take medication increased than in the risk/benefit order. Conclusions The participants’ willingness to take medication improved when the pharmacists provided risk probability; this helped participants comprehend that the risk probability was lesser than their assumptions. Moreover, the participants’ attention to the numeric information in medication counselling can be elicited by the peak-end rule. The findings from the hypothetical scenarios employed in this study merit further testing in real-life situations for clinical application.
{"title":"Japanese pharmacists’ information strategy using behavioural economics: provision of numerical information with ‘peak-end rule’ improves willingness to take a hypothetical medication","authors":"Akira Yoshida, Norimitsu Horii, Shinji Oshima, Shigeru Oshima, Daisuke Kobayashi","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Low medication adherence is considered a cause of exacerbated diseases and greater economic losses. Hence, information strategies that improve patients’ willingness to take medications have received considerable attention. Newer information strategies that utilise the ‘peak-end rule’ proposed in behavioural economics were investigated in this study to advance strategy development. Methods An online scenario survey was conducted among adults aged 20–79 years in Japan. One of four medication counselling videos on a hypothetical hypertension drug narrated by a pharmacist was viewed by the respondents and their willingness to take the medication was evaluated. The four scenarios differed according to the presence or absence of risk probability and the order in which risk and benefit were provided. Key findings The responses of 383 participants were analysed and the results revealed that providing risk probability increased their willingness to take medication (3%), whereas the estimated risk probability by the participants was 28.7% on an average when no numerical probability was provided. Moreover, when risk probability was provided in a benefit/risk order, the willingness to take medication increased than in the risk/benefit order. Conclusions The participants’ willingness to take medication improved when the pharmacists provided risk probability; this helped participants comprehend that the risk probability was lesser than their assumptions. Moreover, the participants’ attention to the numeric information in medication counselling can be elicited by the peak-end rule. The findings from the hypothetical scenarios employed in this study merit further testing in real-life situations for clinical application.","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135276694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assorted Thoughts from the Retiring Editor","authors":"A. Wertheimer","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past 50 years, obesity and being overweight have become significant health concerns that cause a rise in the risk of illness, impairing quality of life and increasing financial burdens worldwide. The purpose of the study is to conduct translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a Health Belief Model Questionnaire (HBMQ) for weight management behaviour into the Malay language and to validate the questionnaire. The HBMQ was adapted and translated into the Malay language based on published international guidelines. The content validity and the face validity were analysed by a panel of 10 experts. A pilot test was conducted with 35 students from Universiti Sains Malaysia to evaluate internal consistency. A cross-sectional study was carried out by distributing the self-administered HBMQ to the general public in Malaysia and 505 subjects were successfully recruited. The construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. The first 112 participants completed the survey again one week later for the evaluation of test-retest reliability. In total, 79 questions had an item-level content validity index (I-CVI) score of >0.80 and have been evaluated as excellent inferring acceptable content validity. The remaining seven items in the instrument had an I-CVI score < 0.80 and were removed based on the experts’ consensus. The item-level face validity index value for each item range was between 0.8 and 1.0, indicating a satisfactory level of face validity. For construct validity, eight factors were requested and 74 items had a significant to strong factor loading of >0.4. The rotation of items showed five items had factor loadings <0.4 (item numbers 14, 57, 77, 78 and 79) and have been removed. The findings in this study conclude that the translated Health Belief Model-Malay version has adequate content validity, face validity, construct validity and reliability.
{"title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Health Belief Model Questionnaire (HBMQ) for weight management behaviour for use in a Southeast Asian country","authors":"Sivasankari Raman, S. C. Ong, G. Ooi","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the past 50 years, obesity and being overweight have become significant health concerns that cause a rise in the risk of illness, impairing quality of life and increasing financial burdens worldwide. The purpose of the study is to conduct translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a Health Belief Model Questionnaire (HBMQ) for weight management behaviour into the Malay language and to validate the questionnaire.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The HBMQ was adapted and translated into the Malay language based on published international guidelines. The content validity and the face validity were analysed by a panel of 10 experts. A pilot test was conducted with 35 students from Universiti Sains Malaysia to evaluate internal consistency. A cross-sectional study was carried out by distributing the self-administered HBMQ to the general public in Malaysia and 505 subjects were successfully recruited. The construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. The first 112 participants completed the survey again one week later for the evaluation of test-retest reliability.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In total, 79 questions had an item-level content validity index (I-CVI) score of >0.80 and have been evaluated as excellent inferring acceptable content validity. The remaining seven items in the instrument had an I-CVI score < 0.80 and were removed based on the experts’ consensus. The item-level face validity index value for each item range was between 0.8 and 1.0, indicating a satisfactory level of face validity. For construct validity, eight factors were requested and 74 items had a significant to strong factor loading of >0.4. The rotation of items showed five items had factor loadings <0.4 (item numbers 14, 57, 77, 78 and 79) and have been removed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings in this study conclude that the translated Health Belief Model-Malay version has adequate content validity, face validity, construct validity and reliability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One-fifth of the world’s population lives in eight countries that constitute the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). There is very little coordination among SAARC countries regarding the harmonization of pharmaceutical regulations and medicines safety. Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have experienced medicine-related tragedies where many patients have died. This study aims to examine current pharmacovigilance activity in the SAARC region to improve pharmacovigilance practices and to make recommendations for building a platform for collaboration to improve the safety monitoring of medicines in the region. The current review utilized secondary data. We reviewed the official websites of all SAARC countries’ national regulatory authorities for pharmacovigilance-related information. A data set with eleven pharmacovigilance indicators were gathered and synthesized. All eight SAARC member countries have pharmacovigilance systems with full membership in the WHO Program for International Drug Monitoring. Out of eleven pharmacovigilance indicators, India met ten; Pakistan, Bangladesh and Bhutan nine; Maldives and Afghanistan seven; Nepal and Sri Lanka five. The SAARC countries do not have a harmonized pharmacovigilance system or centralized database. Due to positioning in different WHO regions, it is proposed to create a consortium on medicine safety among SAARC countries like other regional organizations of the world to strengthen the pharmacovigilance systems and harmonize the pharmacovigilance practices among member countries. To improve the quality of medicines and to strengthen regional medicine safety, the SAARC secretariat should consider forming a technical group of all member countries’ regulatory authorities.
{"title":"Pharmacovigilance practices in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries: the need for collaboration","authors":"Muhammad Akhtar Abbas Khan, Saima Hamid, Z. Babar","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One-fifth of the world’s population lives in eight countries that constitute the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). There is very little coordination among SAARC countries regarding the harmonization of pharmaceutical regulations and medicines safety. Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have experienced medicine-related tragedies where many patients have died. This study aims to examine current pharmacovigilance activity in the SAARC region to improve pharmacovigilance practices and to make recommendations for building a platform for collaboration to improve the safety monitoring of medicines in the region.\u0000 The current review utilized secondary data. We reviewed the official websites of all SAARC countries’ national regulatory authorities for pharmacovigilance-related information. A data set with eleven pharmacovigilance indicators were gathered and synthesized.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All eight SAARC member countries have pharmacovigilance systems with full membership in the WHO Program for International Drug Monitoring. Out of eleven pharmacovigilance indicators, India met ten; Pakistan, Bangladesh and Bhutan nine; Maldives and Afghanistan seven; Nepal and Sri Lanka five. The SAARC countries do not have a harmonized pharmacovigilance system or centralized database. Due to positioning in different WHO regions, it is proposed to create a consortium on medicine safety among SAARC countries like other regional organizations of the world to strengthen the pharmacovigilance systems and harmonize the pharmacovigilance practices among member countries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To improve the quality of medicines and to strengthen regional medicine safety, the SAARC secretariat should consider forming a technical group of all member countries’ regulatory authorities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48675101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. Abu Farha, O. Awwad, B. Abdurazaq, K. Abu Hammour, A. Akour
This study has evaluated the drug use pattern among adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital (JUH), by assessing the adherence of prescriptions to the World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted during the period from October 2011 to January 2022 at JUH. Several prescriptions from 10 different adult outpatient clinics were reviewed to evaluate hospital adherence to the five WHO core prescribing indicators. To assess the WHO core prescribing indicators, data for 2451 prescriptions were reviewed. Around one-third of the patients (33.4%) were receiving polypharmacy (five medications or more). Results revealed that two core prescribing indicators were not following the standard values specified by the WHO; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (3.8 medications/prescription), and the percentage of drugs from the essential drug list (EDL) (54.1%). Endocrine clinics showed the highest average of drugs (6.3) per prescription and the highest percentage of prescriptions with injectable medicines (51.7%). On the other hand, ophthalmology clinics showed the highest percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics (29.9%) and the lowest percentage of drugs prescribed from the EDL at JUH (14.1%). Evaluating factors affecting the number of prescribed medications per encounter revealed that elderly patients (> 60 years), being female, referring to the endocrine clinic, and having insurance have a higher average number of medications per encounter compared with others (P < 0.05). The proper prescribing practices in a sizable tertiary hospital in Amman, Jordan, are clarified by this study. The percentage of medications from EDL and the typical number of drugs/encounters did not comply with WHO requirements. The study findings should guide the Jordanian health policymakers in designing and implementing strategies to limit irrational prescribing practices and raise awareness of and ensure physician adherence to the national EDL.
{"title":"Evaluation of drug use pattern in adults’ outpatient clinics in a tertiary teaching hospital using WHO core prescribing indicators","authors":"R. A. Abu Farha, O. Awwad, B. Abdurazaq, K. Abu Hammour, A. Akour","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study has evaluated the drug use pattern among adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital (JUH), by assessing the adherence of prescriptions to the World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted during the period from October 2011 to January 2022 at JUH. Several prescriptions from 10 different adult outpatient clinics were reviewed to evaluate hospital adherence to the five WHO core prescribing indicators.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To assess the WHO core prescribing indicators, data for 2451 prescriptions were reviewed. Around one-third of the patients (33.4%) were receiving polypharmacy (five medications or more). Results revealed that two core prescribing indicators were not following the standard values specified by the WHO; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (3.8 medications/prescription), and the percentage of drugs from the essential drug list (EDL) (54.1%). Endocrine clinics showed the highest average of drugs (6.3) per prescription and the highest percentage of prescriptions with injectable medicines (51.7%). On the other hand, ophthalmology clinics showed the highest percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics (29.9%) and the lowest percentage of drugs prescribed from the EDL at JUH (14.1%). Evaluating factors affecting the number of prescribed medications per encounter revealed that elderly patients (> 60 years), being female, referring to the endocrine clinic, and having insurance have a higher average number of medications per encounter compared with others (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The proper prescribing practices in a sizable tertiary hospital in Amman, Jordan, are clarified by this study. The percentage of medications from EDL and the typical number of drugs/encounters did not comply with WHO requirements. The study findings should guide the Jordanian health policymakers in designing and implementing strategies to limit irrational prescribing practices and raise awareness of and ensure physician adherence to the national EDL.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44006084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We aimed to explore the experiences and opinions of researchers who have involved pharmacy professionals in research studies. Pharmacy teams are valued healthcare professionals, with a wide knowledge base and skill set. They have regular contact with service users who may be interested in research, placing them in a good position for collaboration with researchers. Cross-sectional survey circulated to researchers in the UK; analysed using descriptive, quantitative methods. A total of 238 responses were received from researchers, mainly within hospitals and universities. Most had more than 10 years of experience (45%) and had worked on 2–10 studies involving pharmacies (54%), frequently requiring hospital services (74%). Two-thirds of researchers had worked on clinical trials of investigational medicinal products. Most researchers worked with pharmacy teams that all had previous research experience (78%) yet did not involve them in participant recruitment (85%). Pharmacy staff frequently managed or dispensed medication (43%), however also engaged with other research-related tasks. Their previous experience and keenness were desirable qualities for researchers. Many respondents had a positive experience of collaboration and acknowledged various advantages (e.g. developing training/knowledge) and disadvantages (e.g. staffing issues). Researchers’ positive impression of working with the pharmacy sector bodes well for future collaborations. Many had experience with pharmacy, however, those more unfamiliar should consider the roles staff could perform; and pharmacy teams and professional bodies should advocate their involvement. For collaboration to prosper, we should promote the benefits of research engagement and consider how to overcome known challenges.
{"title":"Researchers’ experiences of pharmacy involvement: a UK cross-sectional survey","authors":"Michelle Watson, C. Whittlesea, P. Tharmanathan","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We aimed to explore the experiences and opinions of researchers who have involved pharmacy professionals in research studies. Pharmacy teams are valued healthcare professionals, with a wide knowledge base and skill set. They have regular contact with service users who may be interested in research, placing them in a good position for collaboration with researchers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cross-sectional survey circulated to researchers in the UK; analysed using descriptive, quantitative methods.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 238 responses were received from researchers, mainly within hospitals and universities. Most had more than 10 years of experience (45%) and had worked on 2–10 studies involving pharmacies (54%), frequently requiring hospital services (74%). Two-thirds of researchers had worked on clinical trials of investigational medicinal products. Most researchers worked with pharmacy teams that all had previous research experience (78%) yet did not involve them in participant recruitment (85%). Pharmacy staff frequently managed or dispensed medication (43%), however also engaged with other research-related tasks. Their previous experience and keenness were desirable qualities for researchers. Many respondents had a positive experience of collaboration and acknowledged various advantages (e.g. developing training/knowledge) and disadvantages (e.g. staffing issues).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Researchers’ positive impression of working with the pharmacy sector bodes well for future collaborations. Many had experience with pharmacy, however, those more unfamiliar should consider the roles staff could perform; and pharmacy teams and professional bodies should advocate their involvement. For collaboration to prosper, we should promote the benefits of research engagement and consider how to overcome known challenges.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and economic impact of changing childhood vaccination from the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the context of the Ecuadorian health system. A Markov model was developed based on a hypothetical cohort of children <1 year old with a 2 + 1 vaccination schedule. The model incorporates the most impactful chronic sequelae of invasive pneumococcal disease: bilateral hearing loss, spasticity, neurological deficit, hydrocephalus and epilepsy. At the end of each annual Markov cycle, the children heal with/without sequelae or die. A time horizon of 5 years was considered. The analysis was done from the perspective of the Ministry of Health. Vaccination with PCV13 is cost-saving (US$ −2940/QALY) in relation to PCV10 considering indirect effects (‘herd effect’) of childhood vaccination over adult population (>65 years). So, PCV13 reduces incident cases of IPD in this adult population by 27.8% compared to PCV10. Simulation of the model in a cohort of 100 000 children <1 year old showed an incidence of 25 cases of IPD with PCV13 versus 40 cases with PCV10, that is, a reduction of 37.5%. A reduction compared to PCV10 in the incidence of pneumonia and meningitis of 30.2 and 57.1%, respectively, was demonstrated. PCV13 decreased mortality by 32% compared to PCV10. Vaccination with PCV13 is cost-saving in the Ecuadorian health context and significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in children <5 years and in adults >65 years due to the herd effect. The probabilistic analysis showed consistency in the results.
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to the 10-valent vaccine in children: predictive analysis in the Ecuadorian context","authors":"R. Bolaños-Díaz, Greta Miño-León, E. Zea","doi":"10.1093/jphsr/rmac040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmac040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and economic impact of changing childhood vaccination from the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the context of the Ecuadorian health system.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A Markov model was developed based on a hypothetical cohort of children <1 year old with a 2 + 1 vaccination schedule. The model incorporates the most impactful chronic sequelae of invasive pneumococcal disease: bilateral hearing loss, spasticity, neurological deficit, hydrocephalus and epilepsy. At the end of each annual Markov cycle, the children heal with/without sequelae or die. A time horizon of 5 years was considered. The analysis was done from the perspective of the Ministry of Health.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Vaccination with PCV13 is cost-saving (US$ −2940/QALY) in relation to PCV10 considering indirect effects (‘herd effect’) of childhood vaccination over adult population (>65 years). So, PCV13 reduces incident cases of IPD in this adult population by 27.8% compared to PCV10. Simulation of the model in a cohort of 100 000 children <1 year old showed an incidence of 25 cases of IPD with PCV13 versus 40 cases with PCV10, that is, a reduction of 37.5%. A reduction compared to PCV10 in the incidence of pneumonia and meningitis of 30.2 and 57.1%, respectively, was demonstrated. PCV13 decreased mortality by 32% compared to PCV10.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Vaccination with PCV13 is cost-saving in the Ecuadorian health context and significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in children <5 years and in adults >65 years due to the herd effect. The probabilistic analysis showed consistency in the results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16705,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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