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Effect of pyriofenone on the infection processes and cytological features of Blumeria graminis on wheat leaves 吡蚜酮对小麦叶片上禾谷蓝霉菌感染过程和细胞学特征的影响
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-005
Munekazu Ogawa, Akihiro Nishimura, Satoshi Araki, Yuzuka Abe, Nanami Kuwahara, Yohei Fukumori, Kazumi Suzuki, Shigeru Mitani

Pyriofenone demonstrates outstanding efficacy in controlling powdery mildew. We investigated the impact of pyriofenone on the infection processes and cytological features of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on wheat leaves. The preventive application of pyriofenone before inoculation did not inhibit conidial germination but effectively suppressed both appressorial and haustorial formation. Notably, haustorial formation was effectively inhibited, resulting in the complete suppression of successive lesion development and sporulation. Curative application of pyriofenone after inoculation also inhibited lesion expansion and sporulation. Furthermore, it had considerable impact on the morphogenesis of powdery mildew fungus. We observed multi-formed secondary appressoria, shrunken or bifurcated hyphae, abnormal conidiophores, and clubbed conidia-like structures. Subsequently, we employed a histochemical approach to analyze the localization of essential components for the polar growth of fungal hyphae. Pyriofenone induced mislocalization of the actin cytoskeleton, β-glucan and cytoplasmic vesicles, although it did not affect tubulin orientation.

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吡唑醚菌酯在防治白粉病方面表现出卓越的功效。我们研究了吡唑醚菌酯对三尖杉白粉病在小麦叶片上的侵染过程和细胞学特征的影响。在接种前预防性施用吡唑醚菌酯并不能抑制分生孢子的萌发,但能有效抑制附着孢子和簇孢子的形成。值得注意的是,寄主形成被有效抑制,从而完全抑制了连续病变的发展和孢子的产生。在接种后施用吡唑醚菌酯也能抑制病斑的扩展和孢子的产生。此外,它对白粉病菌的形态发生也有相当大的影响。我们观察到了多形成的次生附属物、萎缩或分叉的菌丝、异常的分生孢子梗和棍棒状的分生孢子结构。随后,我们采用组织化学方法分析了真菌菌丝极性生长的重要成分的定位。Pyriofenone 诱导了肌动蛋白细胞骨架、β-葡聚糖和细胞质囊泡的错误定位,但并不影响微管蛋白的定向。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and biological evaluation of burnettiene A derivatives enabling discovery of novel fungicide candidates. 合成灼烧烯 A 衍生物并对其进行生物学评价,从而发现新型候选杀真菌剂。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D24-014
Aoi Kimishima, Atsuka Nishitomi, Iori Tsuruoka, Masako Honsho, Sota Negami, Sota Honma, Katsuyuki Sakai, Toshiyuki Tokiwa, Hiroki Kojima, Kenichi Nonaka, Shin-Ichi Fuji, Takumi Chinen, Takeo Usui, Yukihiro Asami

An antifungal polyene-decalin polyketide natural product, burnettiene A (1) has been re-discovered from the culture broth of Lecanicillium primulinum (current name: Flavocillium primulinum) FKI-6715 strain utilizing our original multidrug-sensitive yeast system. This polyene-decalin polyketide natural product was originally isolated from Aspergillus burnettii. The antifungal activity of 1 against Candida albicans has been reported. However, only one fungal species for the antifungal activity of 1 has been revealed, and details of the antifungal activity against other pathogenic fungus remain unknown. After extensive screening for antifungal activity, we found that 1 exhibits broad antifungal activity against pathogenic plant fungi, including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Pyricularia oryzae, Leptosphaeria maculans, and Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, we synthesized 12 derivatives from 1 and evaluated their antifungal activity to reveal the detailed structure-activity relationship. The methyl ester derivative showed antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12geneΔ0HSR-iERG6 100-fold more potent than that of 1. Our research indicates that 1 would be a promising natural product as a new fungicidal candidate and the methyl ester derivative especially has great potential.

利用我们独创的多药敏感酵母系统,我们从原毛黄腐霉菌(Lecanicillium primulinum,现名:Flavocillium primulinum)FKI-6715 菌株的培养液中重新发现了一种抗真菌多烯萘多酮苷天然产物 Burnettiene A (1)。这种多烯癸醛多酮天然产物最初是从燃烧曲霉(Aspergillus burnettii)中分离出来的。据报道,1 对白色念珠菌具有抗真菌活性。然而,1 的抗真菌活性只针对一种真菌,对其他致病真菌的抗真菌活性仍不清楚。经过广泛的抗真菌活性筛选,我们发现 1 对病原植物真菌具有广泛的抗真菌活性,包括球孢子菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、Pyricularia oryzae、Leptosphaeria maculans 和根瘤菌(Rhizoctonia solani)。此外,我们还从 1 中合成了 12 种衍生物,并评估了它们的抗真菌活性,以揭示详细的结构-活性关系。我们的研究表明,1 是一种很有前途的天然产物,可作为一种新的杀真菌候选物,尤其是其甲酯衍生物具有很大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea by strigolactone-mediated immune priming in Arabidopsis thaliana 拟南芥通过绞股蓝内酯介导的免疫启动增强对灰霉病的抗病性
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-019
Moeka Fujita, Tomoya Tanaka, Miyuki Kusajima, Kengo Inoshima, Futo Narita, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Tadao Asami, Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita, Hideo Nakashita

Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that play several roles in plants, such as suppressing shoot branching and promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The positive regulation of plant disease resistance by SLs has recently been demonstrated by analyses using SL-related mutants. In Arabidopsis, SL-mediated signaling has been reported to modulate salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance, in which the priming of plant immunity plays an important role. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the synthetic SL analogue rac-GR24 on resistance against necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. In rac-GR24-treated plants, disease resistance against B. cinerea was enhanced in an ethylene- and camalexin-dependent manners. Expression of the ethylene-related genes and the camalexin biosynthetic gene and camalexin accumulation after pathogen infection were enhanced by immune priming in rac-GR24-treated plants. These suggest that SL-mediated immune priming is effective for many types of resistance mechanisms in plant self-defense systems.

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石蒜内酯(SLs)是一类植物激素,在植物体内发挥多种作用,如抑制嫩枝分枝和促进丛枝菌根共生。最近,通过使用与 SL 相关的突变体进行分析,证明了 SL 对植物抗病性的积极调控作用。据报道,在拟南芥中,SL 介导的信号传导可调节水杨酸介导的抗病性,其中植物免疫的启动起着重要作用。在这项研究中,我们分析了合成的水杨酸类似物 rac-GR24 对坏死性病原菌 Botrytis cinerea 的抗性的影响。在经 rac-GR24 处理的植物中,对 B. cinerea 的抗病性以乙烯和骆驼蓬苷依赖的方式增强。在 rac-GR24 处理的植株中,乙烯相关基因和骆驼蓬苷生物合成基因的表达以及病原体感染后骆驼蓬苷的积累都通过免疫引物得到了增强。这表明,SL 介导的免疫启动对植物自卫系统中的多种抗性机制都是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
A reliable quantification of organophosphorus pesticides in brown rice samples for proficiency testing using Japanese official analytical method, QuEChERS, and modified QuEChERS combined with isotope dilution mass spectrometry 使用日本官方分析方法 QuEChERS 和改良 QuEChERS 结合同位素稀释质谱法,可靠定量糙米样品中的有机磷农药,以进行能力验证
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-021
Takamitsu Otake, Keisuke Nakamura, Naoyuki Hirabayashi, Takaho Watanabe

The objective of the present study is to provide reliable concentration values as assigned values for target pesticides in brown rice samples used in proficiency testing (PT) organized by the Hatano Research Institute (HRI). The test samples for PT were prepared by immersing brown rice in the pesticide solution and using a spray dryer by the HRI. Homogeneity and stability assessments were performed for PT samples, and the relative uncertainties due to inhomogeneity and instability were 0.58 %–0.78 % and 0 %–0.96 %, respectively. Quantification for the assigned values of target pesticides by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) was carried out using the multiple analytical methods including Japanese official analytical method, QuEChERS, and modified QuEChERS, which were combined with isotope dilution mass spectrometry, to ensure the reliability of the analytical results. The NMIJ assigned values were 0.065±0.004 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.217±0.012 mg/kg for diazinon, 0.138±0.008 mg/kg for fenitrothion, and 0.138±0.008 mg/kg for malathion.

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本研究的目的是为波多野研究所(HRI)组织的能力验证(PT)中使用的糙米样品中的目标农药提供可靠的浓度分配值。将糙米浸入农药溶液中,并使用 HRI 提供的喷雾干燥器制备能力验证测试样品。对 PT 样品进行了均匀性和稳定性评估,不均匀性和不稳定性导致的相对不确定性分别为 0.58 %-0.78 % 和 0 %-0.96 %。日本国家计量院(NMIJ)采用多种分析方法,包括日本官方分析方法、QuEChERS 和改进的 QuEChERS,结合同位素稀释质谱法,对目标农药的分配值进行了定量,以确保分析结果的可靠性。毒死蜱的 NMIJ 分配值为 0.065±0.004 mg/kg,二嗪农为 0.217±0.012 mg/kg,杀螟松为 0.138±0.008 mg/kg,马拉硫磷为 0.138±0.008 mg/kg。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial Pesticides: Mechanism of Action, Possibility of Food Contamination, and Residue Analysis Using MS 细菌杀虫剂:作用机理、食品污染的可能性以及使用 MS 进行残留分析
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-006
Hiroto Tamura

As Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the realities of climate change become widely accepted around the world, the next-generation of integrated pest management will become even more important for establishing a sustainable food production system. To meet the current challenge of food security and climate change, biological control has been developed as one sustainable crop protection technology. However, most registered bacteria are ubiquitous soil-borne bacteria that are closely related to food poisoning and spoilage bacteria. Therefore, this review outlined (1) the mechanism of action of bacterial pesticides, (2) potential concerns about secondary contamination sources associated with past food contamination, and, as a prospective solution, focused on (3) principles and methods of bacterial identification, and (4) the possibility of identifying residual bacteria based on mass spectrometry.

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随着可持续发展目标(SDGs)和气候变化的现实在全球范围内被广泛接受,下一代病虫害综合防治对于建立可持续的粮食生产系统将变得更加重要。为了应对当前粮食安全和气候变化的挑战,生物防治作为一种可持续的作物保护技术得到了发展。然而,大多数登记的细菌都是无处不在的土传细菌,与食物中毒和腐败细菌密切相关。因此,本综述概述了 (1) 细菌杀虫剂的作用机制,(2) 与过去食品污染相关的二次污染源的潜在问题,并作为一种前瞻性解决方案,重点讨论了 (3) 细菌鉴定的原则和方法,以及 (4) 基于质谱法鉴定残留细菌的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
High-throughput screening for novel Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins revealed evidence that the bacterium exchanges Domain III to enhance its insecticidal activity 高通量筛选新型苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白的结果表明,苏云金芽孢杆菌通过交换领域 III 来增强其杀虫活性
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-011
Ruth Cong, Jing-Tong Hou, Takashi Yamamoto

Approximately 3000 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates were screened to discover novel three-domain (3D) Cry proteins active against Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm). From 400 active isolates found during the primary screening, Cry1Ac and Cry2A, which are known to be active against H. zea, were removed using multiplex-primer PCR and high-throughput column chromatography. This process reduced the number of active cultures to 48. DNA segments encoding Domain III of these 48 cultures were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Sequencing revealed two novel Cry1B-type Domain IIIs. Further sequencing of the flanking regions of these domains revealed that one was part of Cry1Bj (GenBank: KT952325). However, the other Domain III lacked Domains I and II. Instead, this Domain III was associated with two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 was identified as an ATP-binding protein, and ORF2 as an ATPase, suggesting that Bt exchanges Domain III among homologous Cry proteins.

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对大约 3000 个苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)分离株进行了筛选,以发现对玉米穗虫(Helicoverpa zea)具有活性的新型三维(3D)Cry 蛋白。利用多重引物 PCR 和高通量柱层析技术,从初筛发现的 400 个活性分离物中剔除了已知对玉米螟有活性的 Cry1Ac 和 Cry2A。这一过程将活性培养物的数量减少到 48 个。通过 PCR 扩增了这 48 个培养物中编码领域 III 的 DNA 片段并进行了测序。测序发现了两个新的 Cry1B 型 Domain III。对这些结构域侧翼区域的进一步测序发现,其中一个是 Cry1Bj 的一部分(GenBank:KT952325)。然而,另一个结构域 III 缺乏结构域 I 和 II。相反,该结构域 III 与两个开放阅读框(ORF1 和 ORF2)有关。ORF1 被鉴定为 ATP 结合蛋白,ORF2 被鉴定为 ATP 酶,这表明 Bt 在同源 Cry 蛋白中交换了领域 III。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoencapsulated deltamethrin combined with indoxacarb: An effective synergistic association against aphids 纳米胶囊化溴氰菊酯与茚虫威的结合:防治蚜虫的有效协同作用
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-003
Marine Galloux, Guillaume Bastiat, Corinne Lefrancois, Véronique Apaire-Marchais, Caroline Deshayes

Widespread pesticide use for decades has caused environmental damage, biodiversity loss, serious human and animal health problems, and resistance to insecticides. Innovative strategies are needed to reduce treatment doses in pest management and to overcome insecticide resistance. In the present study, combinations of indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, with sublethal concentrations of deltamethrin encapsulated in lipid nanocapsules, have been tested on the crop pest Acyrthosiphon pisum. In vivo toxicological tests on A. pisum larvae have shown a synergistic effect of nanoencapsulated deltamethrin with a low dose of indoxacarb. Furthermore, the stability of deltamethrin nanoparticles has been demonstrated in vitro under different mimicking environmental conditions. In parallel, the integrity and stability of lipid nanoparticles in the digestive system of aphid larvae over time have been observed by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging. Thus, the deltamethrin nanocapsules/indoxacarb synergistic association is promising for the development of future formulations against pest insects to reduce insecticide doses.

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几十年来,杀虫剂的广泛使用造成了环境破坏、生物多样性丧失、严重的人类和动物健康问题以及对杀虫剂的抗药性。我们需要创新的策略来减少害虫管理中的处理剂量,并克服杀虫剂的抗药性。在本研究中,茚虫威(一种噁二嗪类杀虫剂)与封装在脂质纳米胶囊中的亚致死浓度溴氰菊酯的组合物在农作物害虫 Acyrthosiphon pisum 上进行了试验。对 A. pisum 幼虫进行的体内毒理学测试表明,纳米封装的溴氰菊酯与低剂量的茚虫威具有协同作用。此外,在不同的模拟环境条件下,体外实验也证明了溴氰菊酯纳米颗粒的稳定性。同时,还通过佛斯特共振能量转移(FRET)成像技术观察了脂质纳米粒子在蚜虫幼虫消化系统中的完整性和稳定性。因此,溴氰菊酯纳米胶囊与茚虫威的协同作用有望用于未来害虫制剂的开发,以减少杀虫剂剂量。
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引用次数: 0
Advantageous properties of a new fungicide, isofetamid 新型杀菌剂异氟菌酰胺的优势特性
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-067
Shuko Nishimi, Yuzuka Abe, Nanami Kuwahara, Akihiro Nishimura, Shintaro Tsukuda, Satoshi Araki, Kosuke Tsunematsu, Yohei Fukumori, Munekazu Ogawa, Kazumi Suzuki, Shigeru Mitani

The fungicidal properties of a new fungicide, isofetamid, were examined to assess its antifungal spectrum, mode of action, and effects on the infection process of Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, we investigated its fungicidal activity against isolates of B. cinerea resistant to existing fungicides. In mycelial growth inhibition tests, isofetamid exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against ascomycetes but showed no activity against basidiomycetes and oomycetes. Respiratory enzyme assay using mitochondria revealed that isofetamid inhibited succinate dehydrogenase activity prepared from B. cinerea and other ascomycetes fungi used in the study. On the other hand, the activity of mitochondria prepared from Pythium, potato and rat were not inhibited. Isofetamid inhibited also many stages of the infection processes in B. cinerea. Furthermore, it exhibited high fungicidal activity against B. cinerea isolates that were resistant to existing fungicides.

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我们研究了一种新型杀真菌剂异菲他胺的杀真菌特性,以评估其抗真菌谱、作用模式以及对灰霉病菌感染过程的影响。此外,我们还研究了它对对现有杀真菌剂有抗药性的灰霉病菌分离株的杀真菌活性。在菌丝生长抑制试验中,异菲他米德对子囊菌表现出极佳的杀菌活性,但对基枝菌和卵菌没有活性。利用线粒体进行的呼吸酶测定显示,异菲他胺抑制了从 B. cinerea 和研究中使用的其他子囊菌中制备的琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性。另一方面,从 Pythium、马铃薯和大鼠中制备的线粒体的活性没有受到抑制。Isofetamid 还能抑制 B. cinerea 感染过程的许多阶段。此外,它还对对现有杀真菌剂具有抗药性的棉铃虫分离物具有很高的杀真菌活性。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomics analysis of the effects of chelerythrine on Ustilaginoidea virens. 代谢组学分析切瑞瑟林对乌斯提拉吉诺虫(Ustilaginoidea virens)的影响
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D23-065
Qinghui Wei, Xihai Zhai, Weifeng Song, Zhiyong Li, Yaqing Pan, Baoying Li, Zhanli Jiao, Zhenghao Shi, Jiangtao Yu

Rice false smut (RFS) caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is widely distributed in major rice-producing regions. Previous studies have shown that treating RFS with chelerythrine can decrease the germination of fungus spores by 86.7% and induce fungal cell apoptosis. In the present study, the effects of chelerythrine on the metabolism of U. virens explored using metabolomics and analyses of differentially accumulated metabolites and altered metabolic pathways. The top 15 metabolites in random forest analysis were significantly different between groups. In positive ion mode, purine, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism were dominant. Alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched in negative ion mode. Differentially expressed genes and altered metabolic pathways of U. virens were effected by chelerythrine. The findings support future research on the prevention and treatment of RFS by chelerythrine and provide a theoretical basis for targeted drug delivery.

由 Ustilaginoidea virens 引起的水稻烟粉虱(RFS)广泛分布于水稻主产区。以往的研究表明,用白屈菜红碱处理水稻假烟病可使真菌孢子的萌发率降低 86.7%,并诱导真菌细胞凋亡。本研究采用代谢组学方法,分析了不同积累的代谢物和改变的代谢途径,探讨了白屈菜对紫云英新陈代谢的影响。在随机森林分析中,前 15 种代谢物在组间存在显著差异。在正离子模式下,嘌呤、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸生物合成、嘧啶代谢和氮代谢占主导地位。丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸代谢和苯丙氨酸代谢以负离子模式富集。不同表达的基因和改变的代谢途径对 U. virens 产生了影响。这些研究结果支持了未来利用白屈菜红碱预防和治疗RFS的研究,并为靶向给药提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Field survey of reproductive modes and sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Thrips tabaci 田间调查田蓟马的繁殖模式和与除虫菊酯抗性有关的钠通道突变
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d24-009
Yui Tomizawa, Misato Aizawa, Akiya Jouraku, Shoji Sonoda

Using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) with mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences, we examined the reproductive modes of female adults of Thrips tabaci collected at 54 sites across Japan. Results showed the presence of heteroplasmic insects harboring mitochondria associated with arrhenotoky and thelytoky. Using the insects, we also applied PCR-RFLP to examine the genotypes for the amino acid mutation (T929I) site involved in pyrethroid resistance. Findings showed the presence of thelytokous heterozygotes under the circumstance that most arrhenotokous insects are resistant homozygotes, and many thelytokous insects are susceptible homozygotes. These results suggest that, in the field, genetic exchange occurs between insects through of both reproductive modes. A survey of the genotypes for the other amino acid mutations using nucleotide sequencing showed a decline of insects with an M918T and L1014F pair and an increase of insects with M918L. These results suggest the evolutional progression of amino acid mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in T. tabaci.

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利用线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I 序列的 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP),我们研究了在日本 54 个地点采集的蓟马雌成虫的繁殖模式。结果表明,存在线粒体与 arrhenotoky 和 thelytoky 相关的异质昆虫。利用这些昆虫,我们还采用 PCR-RFLP 技术检测了涉及拟除虫菊酯抗性的氨基酸突变(T929I)位点的基因型。结果表明,在大多数 arhenotokous 昆虫是抗性同源杂合子,而许多 thelytokous 昆虫是易感同源杂合子的情况下,存在 thelytokous 杂合子。这些结果表明,在田间,昆虫之间会通过这两种繁殖模式进行基因交换。通过核苷酸测序对其他氨基酸突变基因型的调查显示,带有 M918T 和 L1014F 基因对的昆虫数量减少,而带有 M918L 基因对的昆虫数量增加。这些结果表明,与 T. tabaci 的拟除虫菊酯抗性相关的氨基酸突变在不断进化。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Pesticide Science
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