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Isolation and identification of allelochemicals and their activities and functions 分离和鉴定等位化学物质及其活性和功能
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-052
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Allelopathy is the interaction between donor plants and receiver plants through allelochemicals. According to a great number of publications, allelopathy may be involved in several ecological aspects such as the formation of monospecific stands and sparse understory vegetation for certain plant species. Allelopathy also contributes to the naturalization of invasive plant species in introduced ranges. Autotoxicity is a particular type of allelopathy involving certain compounds. Many medicinal plants have been reported to show relatively high allelopathic activity. We selected plant species that show high allelopathic activity and isolated allelochemicals through the bioassay-guided purification process. More than 100 allelochemicals, including novel compounds have been identified in some medicinal and invasive plants, plants forming monospecific stands, plants with sparse understory vegetation, and plants showing autotoxicity. The allelopathic activity of benzoxazinones and related compounds was also determined.

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等位反应是供体植物和受体植物之间通过等位化学物质产生的相互作用。根据大量出版物,等位效应可能涉及生态学的多个方面,如某些植物物种形成单一物种的林分和稀疏的林下植被。等位异化作用还有助于入侵植物物种在引进地的归化。自毒作用是涉及某些化合物的一种特殊的同位异化作用。据报道,许多药用植物都具有较高的等位病理活性。我们选择了具有较高等位病理活性的植物物种,并通过生物测定指导下的纯化过程分离出等位化学物质。在一些药用植物和入侵植物、形成单一物种的植物、林下植被稀疏的植物以及表现出自体毒性的植物中,我们发现了 100 多种等位化学物质,其中包括新型化合物。此外,还测定了苯并恶嗪酮类及相关化合物的等位病理学活性。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the long-term stability of pesticide residues under freezing conditions in brown rice and soybean certified reference materials 评估糙米和大豆认证标准物质中农药残留在冷冻条件下的长期稳定性
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-047
Takamitsu Otake, Yoshie Aoyagi, Takashi Yarita

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term stability of pesticide residues in brown rice and soybean. The long-term stability of pesticide residues in brown rice and soybean was assessed for 5415 days (over 14 years) and 1801 days (about 5 years), respectively. The samples—certified reference materials (CRMs) 7504-a (brown rice) and 7509-a (soybean) —were prepared by freeze-pulverization. Two target pesticides (etofenprox and fenitrothion) were selected for brown rice and four (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenitrothion, and permethrin) for soybean. Our analytical results for long-term stability based on highly reliable isotope dilution mass spectrometry were in the range of expanded uncertainty (k=2) for the certified values of each CRM. The concentration showed a decreasing trend in none of the target pesticides when the samples were stored at temperatures between −20 °C and −30 °C, which indicated that the target pesticides were stable for the tested long terms.

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这项研究的目的是评估糙米和大豆中农药残留的长期稳定性。糙米和大豆中农药残留的长期稳定性分别评估了 5415 天(超过 14 年)和 1801 天(约 5 年)。样品--有证标准物质(CRMs)7504-a(糙米)和 7509-a(大豆)--是通过冷冻粉碎法制备的。糙米样品选择了两种目标农药(醚菊酯和杀螟丹),大豆样品选择了四种目标农药(毒死蜱、二嗪农、杀螟丹和氯菊酯)。我们根据高度可靠的同位素稀释质谱法得出的长期稳定性分析结果显示,每种有证标准物质的认证值都在不确定性扩大(k=2)的范围内。样品在-20 °C至-30 °C的温度下储存时,没有一种目标农药的浓度呈下降趋势,这表明目标农药在测试的长期条件下是稳定的。
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引用次数: 0
Cycloheximide in the nanomolar range inhibits seed germination of Orobanche minor 纳摩尔范围内的环己亚胺可抑制小鹅掌楸种子的萌发
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-038
Ryosuke Nogami, Mari Nagata, Risa Imada, Kenji Kai, Takashi Kawaguchi, Shuji Tani

From the 992 samples of culture extracts of microorganisms isolated from soil in Japan, we found that the extract of Streptomyces sp. no. 226 inhibited Orobanche minor seed germination without significantly affecting the seed germination of Trifolium pratense and the growth of Aspergillus oryzae and Escherichia coli. Using ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, we identified the active compound as cycloheximide. Cycloheximide had half-maximum inhibitory concentrations of 2.6 ng/mL for the inhibition of seed germination of O. minor and 2.5 µg/mL for that of the conidial germination of A. oryzae. Since cycloheximide is known to inhibit translation by interacting with ribosomal protein L28 (RPL28) in yeast, we investigated whether RPL protein of O. minor plays a critical role in the inhibition of O. minor seed germination. Our data suggested that O. minor RPL27A was not sensitive to cycloheximide by comparing it to the strain expressing S. cerevisiae RPL28. These findings suggest the presence of an unidentified mechanism by which cycloheximide hinders O. minor seed germination.

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在从日本土壤中分离的 992 份微生物培养物提取物样本中,我们发现链霉菌 226 号提取物可抑制小鹅掌楸种子萌发,但对三叶草种子萌发以及米曲霉和大肠杆菌的生长无明显影响。利用 ESI-MS、1H-NMR 和 13C-NMR 技术,我们确定了活性化合物为环己亚胺。环己亚胺对小杆线虫种子萌发的半最大抑制浓度为 2.6 纳克/毫升,对大肠杆菌分生孢子萌发的半最大抑制浓度为 2.5 微克/毫升。众所周知,环己亚胺能通过与酵母中的核糖体蛋白 L28(RPL28)相互作用来抑制翻译,因此我们研究了欧鼠李的 RPL 蛋白在抑制欧鼠李种子萌发中是否起着关键作用。我们的数据表明,通过与表达 S. cerevisiae RPL28 的菌株比较,小尾寒羊 RPL27A 对环己亚胺不敏感。这些研究结果表明,环己亚胺阻碍小麦角种子萌发的机制尚未确定。
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引用次数: 0
Quantification of pendimethalin residue in green fodder and silage of winter cereals using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 气相色谱-串联质谱法测定冬粮青饲料和青贮中二甲甲烷残留
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-045
Navjot Singh Brar, Kousik Mandal, Simerjeet Kaur, Amanpal Kaur Sandhu, Makhan Singh Bhullar, Maninder Pal Singh

Use of agro-chemicals in forage crops is restricted due to the fear of direct toxicity to livestock and risk of pesticide residue accumulation in the food chain. Wheat and barley can be used as green fodder and silage, and herbicide residue estimation in green fodder and silage is important for ensuring the safety of dairy cattle. A field experiment was conducted for two years to study pendimethalin residues in the green fodder and silage of wheat and barley. In both cereal crops, pendimethalin (1.125 kg a.i./ha) was applied as pre-emergence along with an unsprayed control. Pendimethalin residues in fodder, silage, and soil were estimated using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). At harvest, pendimethalin residues in fodder and silage of wheat and barley were below the limit of quantification (<0.01 mg/kg) during both crop seasons. Pendimethalin can be safely used for weed control in winter cereals grown for fodder and silage.

由于担心对牲畜产生直接毒性以及农药残留在食物链中积累的风险,在饲料作物中使用农用化学品受到限制。小麦和大麦可作为青饲料和青贮饲料,青饲料和青贮饲料中除草剂残留量的测定对保证奶牛的安全具有重要意义。通过为期两年的田间试验,研究了小麦和大麦青贮饲料和青贮饲料中戊二甲基灵的残留量。在这两种谷类作物中,作为出苗前施用了戊二甲基灵(1.125千克a.i./公顷),同时施用了未喷洒的对照剂。采用气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)对饲料、青贮饲料和土壤中的二甲甲烷残留量进行了测定。收获季节,小麦和大麦的饲料和青贮料中戊二甲基灵残留量均低于定量限(0.01 mg/kg)。在饲料用和青贮用冬季谷物中,戊二甲基灵可安全用于杂草防治。
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引用次数: 0
Keyword Index to Volume 48, 2023 第 48 卷(2023 年)关键词索引
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.a23-02
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引用次数: 0
Author Index to Volume 48, 2023 第 48 卷(2023 年)作者索引
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.a23-03
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引用次数: 0
Contents of Volume 48, 2023 第 48 卷内容,2023 年
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.a23-01
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the droplet deposition and control effect of a special adjuvant for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers. 无人机喷雾器专用助剂的液滴沉积和控制效果评价。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-048
Xin Wang, Yongqiang Zhang, Haofu Hu, Bin Liu, Feizhao Wang, Yang Zhang, Weiguo Wang, Xiaomeng Li, Wenping Xu

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers have been widely used in agriculture. With the goals of using pesticides efficiently and reducing their dosage, we evaluated the effects of adding and not adding special adjuvants to UAV sprayers on droplet deposition and the control effect of leaf folder insects. The deposition quantity and coverage area of UAV sprayers with the Kao Adjuvant A-200® on rice leaves were better than those without the Kao Adjuvant A-200®. Regarding the control effect on rice leaf rollers, UAV sprayers with the Kao Adjuvant A-200® were also better, and they also met the pesticide residue limit for brown rice. Kao Adjuvant A-200® can improve the UAV sprayer's droplet deposition and pest control effect. When the pesticide dosage was reduced by 30%, UAV sprayers with Kao Adjuvant A-200® can achieve a good control effect, which is very helpful in reducing the pesticide dosage.

无人机喷雾器已广泛应用于农业。为了有效使用农药并减少农药用量,我们评估了在无人机喷雾器中添加和不添加特殊佐剂对液滴沉积的影响以及对折叶虫的控制效果。使用花王助剂A-200®的无人机喷雾器在水稻叶片上的沉积量和覆盖面积优于不使用花王佐剂A-200®。关于对水稻卷叶机的控制效果,使用花王佐剂A-200®的无人机喷雾器也更好,它们也达到了糙米的农药残留限量。花王助剂A-200®可提高无人机喷雾器的液滴沉积和害虫防治效果。当农药用量减少30%时,使用花王佐剂A-200®的无人机喷雾器可以达到良好的控制效果,这对减少农药用量非常有帮助。
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引用次数: 1
Major latex-like proteins show pH dependency in their binding to hydrophobic organic pollutants. 主要的乳胶样蛋白在与疏水性有机污染物结合时表现出pH依赖性。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D23-014
Kentaro Fujita, Chihiro Sonoda, Maho Chujo, Hideyuki Inui

The Cucurbitaceae family accumulates hydrophobic organic pollutants in its aerial parts at high concentrations. Major latex-like proteins (MLPs) were identified in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) as a transporting factor for hydrophobic organic pollutants. MLPs bind to hydrophobic organic pollutants in the roots, are secreted to xylem vessels as complexes, and are transported to the aerial parts. However, the suitable conditions for binding MLPs to hydrophobic organic pollutants remain elusive. In the present study, we show that MLPs bind to the hydrophobic organic pollutant pyrene with higher affinity under acidic conditions. Our results demonstrated that pH regulates the binding of MLPs to hydrophobic organic pollutants.

葫芦科植物在其地上部分积累高浓度的疏水性有机污染物。西葫芦中的主要乳胶样蛋白(MLPs)被鉴定为疏水性有机污染物的转运因子。MLP与根中的疏水性有机污染物结合,作为复合物分泌到木质部导管中,并运输到地上部分。然而,将MLP与疏水性有机污染物结合的合适条件仍然难以捉摸。在本研究中,我们发现MLPs在酸性条件下以更高的亲和力与疏水性有机污染物芘结合。我们的研究结果表明,pH调节MLP与疏水性有机污染物的结合。
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引用次数: 0
Fenoxycarb, a carbamate insect growth regulator, inhibits brassinosteroid action. 苯氧羰基是一种氨基甲酸酯类昆虫生长调节剂,可抑制油菜素甾体的作用。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D23-015
Shinsaku Ito, Kojiro Kawada, Yasumasa Saeki, Takeshi Nakano, Yasuyuki Sasaki, Shunsuke Yajima

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that regulate plant growth, development, and stress resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of agrochemicals on dark-induced hypocotyl elongation, which is regulated by BRs, to identify novel chemicals that regulate BR action. We found that the juvenile hormone agonist fenoxycarb inhibited dark-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. Treatment with the same class of juvenile hormone agonist, pyriproxyfen, did not affect hypocotyl elongation. Co-treatment with fenoxycarb and BR partly canceled the fenoxycarb-induced hypocotyl suppression. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that fenoxycarb altered the BR-responsive gene expression. These results indicate that fenoxycarb is a BR action inhibitor.

Brassinosteroids(BRs)是一种调节植物生长、发育和抗逆性的类固醇激素。在本研究中,我们评估了农用化学品对BR调节的暗诱导下胚轴伸长的影响,以确定调节BR作用的新化学物质。我们发现幼激素激动剂苯氧羰基抑制拟南芥暗诱导的下胚轴伸长。用同一类青少年激素激动剂吡丙氧芬治疗,对下胚轴伸长没有影响。苯氧羰基和BR联合处理部分抵消了苯氧羰基诱导的下胚轴抑制。此外,基因表达分析显示,苯氧羰基改变了BR反应基因的表达。这些结果表明,苯氧羰基是一种BR作用抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Pesticide Science
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