Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Work-Related Stress and its Associated Factors among Nursing Staff in King Abdallah Complex at Jeddah City","authors":"Maryam Mohammed Al-Shehri, N. Harazi, Sheikah Alhassani, Waleed Abdullah Alshahrani, Fawziah Almzmommi, Ohoud Saad Almalki, Shahad Numan Qusti","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i317464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i317464","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of work-related stress and its impact on nurses’ work performance at King Abdullah Complex in Jeddah City. Methods: A cross-sectional- study was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire distributed among nursing staff at King Abdullah Complex in Jeddah City. Duration of the Study: This study was conducted for some time from September 2022 until August 2023. Results: From a total of 263 nursing participants, the study findings reported that the prevalence of Work-related stress among nursing staff in the King Abdallah Complex at Jeddah City was 63.7% and most of the nurses feel that their job negatively impacts their physical or emotional health. Many nurses expressed that they have insufficient recognition or rewards for good performance at work. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that work-related stress is a pervasive concern among the nursing staff employed at King Abdullah Complex. A considerable percentage of nursing workers have reported encountering different levels of stress within their everyday work settings.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Quality of Ready to Eat Vegetable Salads Vended in Ilala District Markets and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiles of Isolated Contaminant Bacteria","authors":"Kibela Naftali, K. Mwambete","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i317463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i317463","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine level of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated from read-to-eat salads (RTES). Study Design: An experimental cross-sectional study was conducted in three localities of Ilala District in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Methodology: Twenty-four RTES samples were bought from randomly chosen fast food centers. RTE salads were analyzed at the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory. The total viable counts (TVC) were determined, and the standard procedures for microbial identification were performed and confirmed by physiological tests. The identified microbial contaminants were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Six widely used antibiotics: amoxicillin (AX25), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim-(SXT-25), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC30), gentamicin (CN5), ciprofloxacin (C5), and chloramphenicol (C30) were used for the AST. Results: The TVC of isolated bacterial contaminants ranged from 106 to 108 cfu/g, which was above the acceptable standard limit and unfit for human consumption. Five bacterial species comprised of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated and subjected to the AST.  All bacteria were resistant to AMC30. Escherichia coli was isolated from 10% of the RTES. Association between bio-burden and antibiotic resistance was observed. Conclusion: The RTES harbored contaminant bacteria beyond acceptable limits. The predominant contaminants were P. aeruginosa and E. coli. One-fifth of the samples contained E. coli, indication of poor sanitation. All the isolated bacteria were resistant to AMC30. Prompt measures are required to curb the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"153 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Post-Marketing “Drug Ineffective” Reports Received by the Saudi Vigilance System","authors":"H. J. A. Khabbaz, Talal A. Alsoaiby, Rayan I. Alolayet","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307461","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Drug Ineffective (DI) reports are Adverse Drug Events (ADE) important for post-marketing surveillance (PMS).  Currently drug safety information from the DI reports received by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) via the Saudi Vigilance System (SVS) is undetermined. The study aims to describe the DI reports received by the SVS from different stakeholders. Methods: DI reports received by the SVS between January 2020 to December 2021 were retrieved and characterized based on patients’ demographics, reporter type and suspected drug type and group in comparison to non-DI reports. Potential determinants of the DI reports were screened to estimate odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for these reports. Results: The total number of DI reports was 1885.  Adults constituted the major age group (67.6 %), and male gender dominated most DI reports (80.2%) compared to equal percentages of males and females in non-DI reports. Most of the DI reports were reported by pharmacists (68.9%), and the most frequently reported drugs associated with DI and non-DI reports were Metformin (16.3%) and Atorvastatin (5.30%) respectively. Adjustment of potential confounding variables showed that gender (AOR = 2.285, 95% CI = 1.921–2.719) and age (AOR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.002– 1.007) were significantly associated with the DI reports. Conclusion: DI reports were frequently associated with adult male patients, and were more frequently reported by pharmacists. Most of the DI reports did not indicate the seriousness criteria, and the most frequently reported drug associated with DI reports was Metformin.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"2018 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Drinking Water Borne Diseases: A Review on Types, Sources and Health Precaution","authors":"A. A. Allaq, Hadi Hamdi Mahid, E. Yahya, Ali Mohammed Saleh, N. J. Sidik, M. A. Abdulsamad, Nahed R. Saad, A. Elengoe, A. Abdul-Aziz","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i317462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i317462","url":null,"abstract":"The global demand for safe drinking water become increasingly important in the past few years due to the growing world population, civilization and increase the sources of contaminations. Millions of peoples every year suffer from different waterborne disease, which may include microbial or disinfectant related diseases. This review, presents an overview on drinking water and their health impact from different aspects, going through different types of physical, chemical, and biological contaminants and their potential effect on human body upon the consumption of their contaminated water. The review also furtherly discusses drinking water treatment techniques such as chlorination, ultraviolet radiation treatment, chlorination, ozonation, heating, and ultra-filtration and the efficiency of these techniques to eliminate different water microorganisms. Drinking waterborne diseases of bacteria, viruses, parasitic protozoa and even some fungi have been also discussed. Finally, health precaution regarding drinking water in term of monitoring of different indicators as well as following the hygienic behaviors was covered to ensure the sustainability and safety of water consumption.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Training for Health Care Workers at Eradah and Mental Health Complex in Jeddah City","authors":"Fahad Awadh Alzahrani, Ibtihaj Razen Alamri, Aref Faheed Alaslani, Hanan Saleh Al Ageel, Ghadah Mohammed Mukhtar","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307460","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to implement the impact of a mental health training program designed for health workers at Eradah Complex in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Study Design:  A quasi-study in addition to qualitative designs. Place and Duration of Study: A mixed method was made at Eradah Complex for the program took 4 months. Methodology: A mixed-methods research design was employed with A quasi-experimental design employing a single group pre-test/post-test approach utilized to assess the impact of training on knowledge and attitude and using semi-structured interviews. Additionally, qualitative feedback from both the health workers and patients was gathered to gauge the program's impact on the quality of mental health care provided at the Eradah Complex. Results: A total of 100 participants with different healthcare specialities were selected on quasi-experimental design with nearly equality of males and females’ gender and majority of ages more than 25 years old or less and house officers (physicians). Assessing the knowledge revealed that the group showed a significant difference before assessing the program and after it (p=0.00) with a mean difference of more than 5±1.07 for each type of mental health, also, assessing the attitude revealed that the group showed a significant difference between before assessing the program and after it (p=0.00) except for epilepsy (p= 0.17) with mean difference more than 6±1.06 for each type of mental health. Conclusion: The findings of this case study highlight the positive outcomes of the mental health training program. Health workers demonstrated significant improvements in their understanding of mental health disorders, communication skills, and ability to support patients experiencing mental health crises. Moreover, the program contributed to a noticeable reduction in the stigma surrounding mental illness among both staff members and patients, fostering a more supportive and compassionate healthcare environment. This case study provides valuable insights into the importance of mental health training for healthcare professionals and offers practical recommendations for other healthcare facilities aiming to enhance the mental health competencies of their staff. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings and suggestions for future research and improvements in mental health training programs for healthcare workers in similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Linagliptin Ultra Fine Solid Supersaturated Bio-SNEDDS Using Triangular Mixture Design for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability: Impact of P-gp Inhibition","authors":"Hend Mohammed Mansour, Abd El-Gawad, M. Boughdady","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307459","url":null,"abstract":"Linagliptin (LIN) is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor oral antidiabetic drug. LIN is considered a P-gp substrate, thus suffers from poor bioavailability (< 30%). The aim of this study was to develop and characterize LIN bioactive self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to circumvent its poor bioavailability and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Methodology: In this study, we developed solid supersaturated bioactive self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (Ss-bio-SNEDDS) of LIN, using clove oil as an oil phase, cremophor CO 40 as a surfactant, labrasol as a co-surfactant and Hydroxy-propyl-B-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) as a precipitation inhibitor (PI); all components are of established P-gp inhibition activity. Optimization was performed by means of triangular mixture design based on particle size, poly dispersity index (PDI) and percent transmittance. The two optimized formulations (F4 and F8) were designated and evaluated for stability and cloud point. Also, the effect of pH on particle size and PDI was assessed. Additionally, examination of particles’ surface morphology of the two optimized formulations was performed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared liquid supersaturated-SNEDDS (s-SNEDDS) were converted into solid supersaturated-SNEDDS (Ss-SNEDDS) via adsorption on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Further evaluations were carried out, including in vitro drug release, in vitro precipitation and in vivo studies. Results: The optimized formulations F4 and F8 manifested promising characteristics concerning particle size (< 50 nm), PDI (< 0.3) and percent transmittance (> 99%). Stability study showed no phase separation or precipitation with rapid emulsification time. The two optimized formulations showed high cloud point temperature (above 70°C). TEM images of F4 and F8 showed spheroid like appearance with relatively smooth surface. Results of the in vivo study in rats revealed a significant increase in AUC of solid-F4, solid-F8 and solid supersaturated-F4 (S-F4, S-F8 and Ss-F4) by 2.32, 2.89 and 2.54 folds, respectively compared to LIN solution; with a noticeable reduction in blood glucose level at each point. Conclusion: In a nutshell, Ss-bio-SNEDDS are considered as auspicious nano-carriers for LIN with the virtue of augmented bioavailability and possible dose reduction.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among Medical Students at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","authors":"N. Makki, Abdulrahman Mohammad Alharbi, Ammar Mousa Aljohani, Saleh Saud Aljohani, Hassan Kamel Jan, Ayman Shabab Almukhlifi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental disorder. It has an onset during the late teens, thus putting university students at higher risk as a target group. They live in an environment that is full of stressors and factors that may lead to the expression of obsessive compulsion symptoms. The objective of the present research is to explore the prevalence of OCD and its associated symptoms among medical students. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytic research at Taibah University in which medical students participated during a year period from December 2021 to 2022. Data collection was through an online self-administered questionnaire with 18 questions on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale (OCI-R) filled out anonymously as well as voluntarily. Results: According to the OCI-R used in the study, 69 out of 263 (26%) participants are found to have probable OCD. There was a statistically significant association between participants who reported a history of mental illness and the probability of OCD [p=0.002]. Also, age groups showed statistically significant differences [p=0.007] as well as between academic years [p=0.003], with an increase in the probability of OCD with younger age and early academic years Conclusions: This current study has shown a high OCD prevalence among medical students at Taibah University, consistent with other similar studies. There were significant correlations with age, academic year, and history of mental illnesses, especially depression and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection Prevention Knowledge, Practice, and Its Associated Factors among Healthcare Providers in Eradah and Mental Health Complex Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Saud Jabr Almehmadi, Meshal Ghaze Alhazme, Muneef Homoud Al Dajani, Reem Mohammed Qattan, M. F. Al-Harbi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297455","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This review aims to provide a clear understanding of the current state of infection prevention measures in this particular healthcare setting by synthesizing the available evidence.  Study Design: It is a systematic review that includes some previous studies and literature that are discussing with an emphasis on the Eradah Mental Health Complex in Jeddah, this systematic review employs a rigorous research design to investigate healthcare personnel’ knowledge and practices related to infection prevention in mental health settings. A thorough examination of the topic is provided by the methodical synthesis of the body of available literature. Results: The most important discoveries on the knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals in infection prevention in mental health settings are highlighted in this summary of the findings from the included research. The data are synthesized, combined and identifying patterns from several investigations. This summary not only identifies barriers to sustaining high compliance rates but also highlights elements that have a beneficial impact on infection prevention. Discussion: The discussion also includes any gaps in the literature that were found throughout the process of the systematic review. A thorough summary of the state of infection prevention techniques in mental health settings is given by synthesizing the findings. The field’s recommendations for upcoming studies and interventions are influenced by this insightful information. The research enhances patient safety and the standard of care in mental health facilities, particularly the Eradah Mental Health Complex in Jeddah, by addressing these important components of infection prevention.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Nursing Burnout and Job Performance in Eradah Complex: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Mahdi Hussain Al Ghubari, Mazen Ali Al Faqeeh, Khalf Falah Alsulami, Fahad Falah Alsulami, Awad Falah Alsulami, Rashed S Alzahrani, Ali Thabet Alawi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i307456","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between job burnout and practical performance among nursing staff in the Eradah Complex in Jeddah Region. Study Design:  A cross-sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Registered nurses for this research were randomly selected, and the data were collected for one year, starting from August 2022 till July 2023. Methodology: Data in this study were collected through the administration of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as a standard inventory tool which was used to measure job burnout. as well as self-report questionnaire was used to measure practical performance. Questionnaires developed through MBI scale and self report survey forms were distributed among the participants to collect the data. Data reliability and statistical analyses using appropriate tests were done using the SPSS version 25.0 program. Results: This study involved 219 registered nurses as participants from different age groups with a mean age of 37.23±11.23 years old and a predominantly male gender (72%); in this study,  these study results showed that there was a significant difference between factors affecting nurses' job performance and feeling stressed and their monthly income (P-value 0.027), while there was no significant difference between age, gender, marital status, education level, job title, and experience years and actors affecting nurses' job performance and feeling stressed. Conclusion: The existing evidence indicates that occupational fatigue might detrimentally affect practical performance. Job burnout can have a detrimental effect on practical performance as it can result in a decline in motivation and focus. A further manner in which job burnout can influence practical performance is through the manifestation of emotional tiredness. Nurses who are encountering job burnout may experience emotional exhaustion and a sense of being overwhelmed. This phenomenon has the potential to result in insufficiencies in personnel, hence exacerbating job burnout and diminishing practical performance.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"29 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Cytomorphology of the Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Rats Exposed to Eliozu Dumpsite Leachate","authors":"W. Iyke, S. Dede, Wihioka, Tonye Joy","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297453","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the cerebrum and plays a critical role in various cognitive, sensory and motor functions. It is highly folded and has distinct regions responsible for different functions. Leachate refers to the liquid that forms when water percolates through waste materials, such as landfills and dumpsite picking up various organic and inorganic compounds along the way. It is a complex mixture of chemicals, including heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other potentially harmful substances. Eliozu dumpsite is one of the biggest dumpsite in Port Harcourt metropolis. It receives deposits of both domestic and industrial wastes from Port Harcourt, these wastes are dumped untreated, and thus may pose serious environmental risks to inhabitants in the area. The present study focuses on the assessment of the cytomorphology of the cerebral cortex exposed to Eliozu dumpsite leachate using Wistar rats as model. Twenty five (25) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five animals each; the leachate was collected from the dumpsite and water from near-by borehole also collected. Group 1 which served as control group received 1ml of commercial bottle water, group 2 received 1ml of borehole water 1kilometer from the dumpsite, groups 3, 4 and 5 received different concentration of the leachate in 10%, 50% and 100% for ninety days, the animals were sacrificed after being anesthetized with chloroform vapor, the brains were collected and put in 10% formaldehyde, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special stain Gorgon and Sweet for histopathological studies. The slides were placed in a light microscope and analyzed by a consultant Anatomy pathologist. The results revealed that the Eliozu dumpsite leachate does have deleterious effect on the cytomorphology of the cerebral cortex. Eliozu dumpsite leachate has shown deleterious effect on cerebral cortex which is an indication of toxicity that may cause brain death to the experimental animals. Therefore, it is recommended that continued research, education and public awareness are essential to promote sustainable waste management practices and safeguard the integrity of the cerebral cortex.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"C-22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}