Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277441
Hua Wang
A comprehensive method was developed for determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in wastewater. Based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS), the developed method was specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate. Specificity was confirmed with both retention time and accurate m/z value of four antibiotics. Good linearity was achieved for all compounds in the range 5-100 ng/mL. Repeatability of method was proved. The intra-day and inter-day precision were satisfied. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was low enough at several ng/mL. Recoveries were between 95% and 104% at three concentration levels. The concrete sample collected in local swine farm was determined to containing 15 ng/mL oxytetracycline. The developed method provides a reliable and robust tool that can be used for routine analysis of tetracyclines antibiotics in aqueous samples.
{"title":"Simultaneous Analysis of Trace Tetracyclines Antibiotics in Wastewater with Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Hua Wang","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277441","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive method was developed for determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in wastewater. Based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS), the developed method was specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate. Specificity was confirmed with both retention time and accurate m/z value of four antibiotics. Good linearity was achieved for all compounds in the range 5-100 ng/mL. Repeatability of method was proved. The intra-day and inter-day precision were satisfied. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was low enough at several ng/mL. Recoveries were between 95% and 104% at three concentration levels. The concrete sample collected in local swine farm was determined to containing 15 ng/mL oxytetracycline. The developed method provides a reliable and robust tool that can be used for routine analysis of tetracyclines antibiotics in aqueous samples.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the diverse genetic characteristics of metabolism and high drug plasma exposure, great inter-subject variability exists in the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the SLCO1B1 388A>G (rs2306283) polymorphism and the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin calcium (AC) in healthy volunteers who carried the wild genotypes of SLCO1B1 521T>C (rs4149056), CYP3A4 1B (rs2740574), CYP3A4 1G (rs2242480), and CYP3A5*3 (rs776746). A FISH technique was employed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in 187 healthy male volunteers. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted on a group of healthy male Chinese-Han volunteers with wild-type genotypes of SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A4 1B, CYP3A41G and CYP3A53 genes, consisting of either mutant heterozygotes (n=10) or mutant homozygotes (n=10) of SLCO1B1 388A>G. The results were then compared to the pharmacokinetic parameters of AC in subjects with the wild-type genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G, as previously described. Based on the distribution of genotypes, the 187 volunteers could be divided into 28 groups. The top 10 groups accounted for nearly 85% of the total volunteers. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between subjects carrying homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of SLCO1B1 388A>G. However, The Cmax of subjects carrying the wild-type genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G was about 14.75 times higher than that of the heterozygous genotype group and 10.43 times higher than that of the homozygous genotype group. The AUC0-72h of volunteers with the wild-type genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G was about 13.81 times higher than that of the heterozygous genotype group and 11.96 times higher than that of the homozygous genotype group. Volunteers carrying wild genotypes of SLCO1B1 388A>G, SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A4 1B, CYP3A4 1G, and CYP3A5*3 showed significantly higher levels of Cmax and AUC (P<0.01), as well as markedly decreased values of CLz/F and Vz/F (P<0.01) of AC. In conclusion, patients carrying the wild genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G, SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A41G, CYP3A41B, and CYP3A5*3 should receive a lower dose of AC to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
{"title":"The Chinese-Han Population Carrying Wild-type Genotypes of SLCO1B1 388A>G, SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A4 1B, CYP3A4 1G, and CYP3A5*3 Exhibits a Significant Alteration in the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin Calcium","authors":"Binbin Xia, Xianjun Liu, Yali Li, Yang Liu, Wenfang Sun, Jing Chen, Liushui Li, Jingyao Pang, Shicai Chen, Hua Cheng","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277440","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the diverse genetic characteristics of metabolism and high drug plasma exposure, great inter-subject variability exists in the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the SLCO1B1 388A>G (rs2306283) polymorphism and the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin calcium (AC) in healthy volunteers who carried the wild genotypes of SLCO1B1 521T>C (rs4149056), CYP3A4 1B (rs2740574), CYP3A4 1G (rs2242480), and CYP3A5*3 (rs776746). A FISH technique was employed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in 187 healthy male volunteers. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted on a group of healthy male Chinese-Han volunteers with wild-type genotypes of SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A4 1B, CYP3A41G and CYP3A53 genes, consisting of either mutant heterozygotes (n=10) or mutant homozygotes (n=10) of SLCO1B1 388A>G. The results were then compared to the pharmacokinetic parameters of AC in subjects with the wild-type genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G, as previously described. Based on the distribution of genotypes, the 187 volunteers could be divided into 28 groups. The top 10 groups accounted for nearly 85% of the total volunteers. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between subjects carrying homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of SLCO1B1 388A>G. However, The Cmax of subjects carrying the wild-type genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G was about 14.75 times higher than that of the heterozygous genotype group and 10.43 times higher than that of the homozygous genotype group. The AUC0-72h of volunteers with the wild-type genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G was about 13.81 times higher than that of the heterozygous genotype group and 11.96 times higher than that of the homozygous genotype group. Volunteers carrying wild genotypes of SLCO1B1 388A>G, SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A4 1B, CYP3A4 1G, and CYP3A5*3 showed significantly higher levels of Cmax and AUC (P<0.01), as well as markedly decreased values of CLz/F and Vz/F (P<0.01) of AC. In conclusion, patients carrying the wild genotype of SLCO1B1 388A>G, SLCO1B1 521T>C, CYP3A41G, CYP3A41B, and CYP3A5*3 should receive a lower dose of AC to minimize the risk of adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267439
Seema H. Thakare, Umesh Patil
Background: Ayurveda is a science of life & its holistic approach towards Dietary habits, seasonal regimes, daily regimes, lifestyle practices helps to maintain health of an individual. Inadequate dietary intake or lack of balanced diet leads to malnutrition & has major role in manifestation of various diseases Pandu vyadhi is one among them. Considering the sign & symptoms the disease is correlated with Anemia. It is a major global public health problem & most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder affecting one third of the world’s population. The disease is more prevalent in low-income countries. It affects the patient both physically & mentally. Among the different form of therapies used for treatment of anemia in modern medicine shows adverse effects ranging from mild to severe. So there is need to seek out the safe & effective Ayurvedic treatment for anaemia. Clinical symptoms & laboratory investigations both are necessary for accurate diagnosis of disease. But due to lack of proper investigative methods a case of anemia becomes difficult to diagnose for its different types as per Ayurveda.
Aim: To study & assess Pandu vyadhi with Special Reference to RBC indices and Morphology on peripheral smear.
Methods: This is descriptive cross sectional study which focuses on assessing Pandu vyadhi with Special Reference to RBC indices and Morphology on peripheral smear.
Conclusion: The present study generates reliable data of Pandu vyadhi in relation to various laboratory parameters which helps to plan specific treatment as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics for different types of Pandu vyadhi. The use of large sample size will also improve the precision of the study and increase the generalizability of the result.
{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study to Assess Pandu Vyadhi (Anemia) with Special Reference to RBC Indices and Morphology: A Study Protocol","authors":"Seema H. Thakare, Umesh Patil","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267439","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ayurveda is a science of life & its holistic approach towards Dietary habits, seasonal regimes, daily regimes, lifestyle practices helps to maintain health of an individual. Inadequate dietary intake or lack of balanced diet leads to malnutrition & has major role in manifestation of various diseases Pandu vyadhi is one among them. Considering the sign & symptoms the disease is correlated with Anemia. It is a major global public health problem & most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder affecting one third of the world’s population. The disease is more prevalent in low-income countries. It affects the patient both physically & mentally. Among the different form of therapies used for treatment of anemia in modern medicine shows adverse effects ranging from mild to severe. So there is need to seek out the safe & effective Ayurvedic treatment for anaemia. Clinical symptoms & laboratory investigations both are necessary for accurate diagnosis of disease. But due to lack of proper investigative methods a case of anemia becomes difficult to diagnose for its different types as per Ayurveda.
 Aim: To study & assess Pandu vyadhi with Special Reference to RBC indices and Morphology on peripheral smear.
 Methods: This is descriptive cross sectional study which focuses on assessing Pandu vyadhi with Special Reference to RBC indices and Morphology on peripheral smear.
 Conclusion: The present study generates reliable data of Pandu vyadhi in relation to various laboratory parameters which helps to plan specific treatment as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics for different types of Pandu vyadhi. The use of large sample size will also improve the precision of the study and increase the generalizability of the result.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pushkarmoola, scientifically known as Inula racemosa Hook. F., is a robust herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is renowned for its potent medicinal properties, particularly in the realm of cardio-pulmonary health. In contemporary times, it enjoys significant recognition and popularity in both folk and traditional medicinal practices. Its versatility in addressing various health conditions such as fever (Jwara), cardiac diseases (Hridroga), wasting (Kshaya), cough (Kasa), respiratory diseases (Svasa), and tuberculosis (Rajayakshma) has been firmly established over the years through a combination of traditional wisdom and scientific investigation.
Objective: This article provides a concise overview of the historical significance of Inula in medicine. Inula is a valuable source of natural compounds, and this article covers their pharmacological, biochemical, and clinical studies conducted in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings. Furthermore, it places particular emphasis on Inula's widespread use in Ayurvedic literature particularly as a remedy for fever (Jwara).
Data Source: The available literature on Pushkaramoola from original Ayurvedic scriptures, classical Ayurvedic texts from different periods, Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, and scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
Review Methods: Numerous references to Pushkaramoola, found in Ayurvedic classics, journals, and traditional knowledge sources, were thoroughly compiled, and analyzed. The extensive data revealed its potential as a potent antipyretic, as it is prominently featured in formulations designed to alleviate fever. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro studies have provided evidence of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal properties.
Conclusion: This article encourages future researchers to delve deeper into the anti-pyretic properties of Pushkarmoola, as it has been extensively documented in ancient texts for its effectiveness in treating various types of fever (jwara). This historical evidence serves as a compelling reason for scholars to explore and expand upon the potential anti-fever benefits of Pushkarmoola.
{"title":"Pushkarmoola (Inula racemosa Hook. F.): A Healing Legacy Unveiled - Exploring its Potent Anti-Pyretic and Medicinal Significance","authors":"None Anju K. l., Vaibhav Jaisawal, Sanjeev Kumar, Kiran Vashishtha, Anurag Mishra","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267438","url":null,"abstract":"Pushkarmoola, scientifically known as Inula racemosa Hook. F., is a robust herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is renowned for its potent medicinal properties, particularly in the realm of cardio-pulmonary health. In contemporary times, it enjoys significant recognition and popularity in both folk and traditional medicinal practices. Its versatility in addressing various health conditions such as fever (Jwara), cardiac diseases (Hridroga), wasting (Kshaya), cough (Kasa), respiratory diseases (Svasa), and tuberculosis (Rajayakshma) has been firmly established over the years through a combination of traditional wisdom and scientific investigation.
 Objective: This article provides a concise overview of the historical significance of Inula in medicine. Inula is a valuable source of natural compounds, and this article covers their pharmacological, biochemical, and clinical studies conducted in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings. Furthermore, it places particular emphasis on Inula's widespread use in Ayurvedic literature particularly as a remedy for fever (Jwara).
 Data Source: The available literature on Pushkaramoola from original Ayurvedic scriptures, classical Ayurvedic texts from different periods, Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, and scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
 Review Methods: Numerous references to Pushkaramoola, found in Ayurvedic classics, journals, and traditional knowledge sources, were thoroughly compiled, and analyzed. The extensive data revealed its potential as a potent antipyretic, as it is prominently featured in formulations designed to alleviate fever. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro studies have provided evidence of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal properties.
 Conclusion: This article encourages future researchers to delve deeper into the anti-pyretic properties of Pushkarmoola, as it has been extensively documented in ancient texts for its effectiveness in treating various types of fever (jwara). This historical evidence serves as a compelling reason for scholars to explore and expand upon the potential anti-fever benefits of Pushkarmoola.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Human being are affected by the surrounding environment. One of the component of the environment is presence of various colors. Different colors exert different impact on human psychology and the state of human psychology affects the learning process.
Aims: We aimed to evaluate the perception of medical students about the different colors employed for the text and background that ease the process of readability and learning.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medicine at Northern Border University (NBU) between 1/1/2023 and 1/2/2023.
Methodology: After the ethical approval, the questionnaire was circulated among the willing participants from the students of the Faculty of Medicine – NBU. There are two components of the questionnaire. The 1st part comprised a color chart in which there were one hundred different combinations of text and background colors. The 2nd part contains basic information such as the study year of MBBS and gender along with the questions regarding the color text that is easier to read & understand and the background color that they like most.
Results: One hundred and seventeen (117) medical students participated in this study (72 females and 45 males).The majority of students liked the black text with a white background while a small number liked the other text and background colors such as black and cyan, yellow and black, white and green, and black and yellow, respectively.
Conclusion: The perception of the majority of medical students is that the most easily read text is the text written with black color on a white background.
{"title":"Medical Students' Perception of Colors Influence on the Learning Process","authors":"Syed Sajid Hussain Shah, Asmara Syed, Amin Khalid Makhdoom, Dhari Atallah Alshammari, Saima Syed","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267437","url":null,"abstract":"
 Background: Human being are affected by the surrounding environment. One of the component of the environment is presence of various colors. Different colors exert different impact on human psychology and the state of human psychology affects the learning process. 
 Aims: We aimed to evaluate the perception of medical students about the different colors employed for the text and background that ease the process of readability and learning.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medicine at Northern Border University (NBU) between 1/1/2023 and 1/2/2023.
 Methodology: After the ethical approval, the questionnaire was circulated among the willing participants from the students of the Faculty of Medicine – NBU. There are two components of the questionnaire. The 1st part comprised a color chart in which there were one hundred different combinations of text and background colors. The 2nd part contains basic information such as the study year of MBBS and gender along with the questions regarding the color text that is easier to read & understand and the background color that they like most.
 Results: One hundred and seventeen (117) medical students participated in this study (72 females and 45 males).The majority of students liked the black text with a white background while a small number liked the other text and background colors such as black and cyan, yellow and black, white and green, and black and yellow, respectively.
 Conclusion: The perception of the majority of medical students is that the most easily read text is the text written with black color on a white background.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267436
Amala Joseph, Aiswarya Thomas, Jilbi Josey, Rosmin Jacob
Aim: This study analyzes the psycho-social challenges and problems experienced by individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, utilizing the diabetes distress scale (DDS). Moreover, this research offers patients recommendations and guidance to enhance their overall well-being and health-related quality of life.
Methodology: Six months of prospective observational study in five departments of a tertiary care hospital was conducted. During the investigation period, 205 patients' diabetes conditions were analyzed and assessed through direct patient interviews, and the results were analyzed using a chi-square test.
Results: According to statistical analysis, it has been determined that neuropathy (χ2 =7.225, p=0.027), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (χ2=6.375, p=0.041), diabetes foot (χ2 =8.416, p=0.015), and retinopathy (χ2=6.189, p=0.045) are the primary emotional-related issues. Additionally, in regimen-related risk, diabetes foot complications (χ2 =16.354, p<0.001) exhibit a high significance level, along with others.
Conclusions: The study facilitated the assessment and examination of diabetes patients' emotional, dietary, medical, and social suffering. Diabetes neuropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcer, CAD, and poor healing were the higher perplexities discovered by the investigation.
{"title":"Dimension of Psycho-social Distress and Associated-complications in Type 2 Diabetes Population","authors":"Amala Joseph, Aiswarya Thomas, Jilbi Josey, Rosmin Jacob","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267436","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study analyzes the psycho-social challenges and problems experienced by individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, utilizing the diabetes distress scale (DDS). Moreover, this research offers patients recommendations and guidance to enhance their overall well-being and health-related quality of life.
 Methodology: Six months of prospective observational study in five departments of a tertiary care hospital was conducted. During the investigation period, 205 patients' diabetes conditions were analyzed and assessed through direct patient interviews, and the results were analyzed using a chi-square test.
 Results: According to statistical analysis, it has been determined that neuropathy (χ2 =7.225, p=0.027), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (χ2=6.375, p=0.041), diabetes foot (χ2 =8.416, p=0.015), and retinopathy (χ2=6.189, p=0.045) are the primary emotional-related issues. Additionally, in regimen-related risk, diabetes foot complications (χ2 =16.354, p<0.001) exhibit a high significance level, along with others.
 Conclusions: The study facilitated the assessment and examination of diabetes patients' emotional, dietary, medical, and social suffering. Diabetes neuropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcer, CAD, and poor healing were the higher perplexities discovered by the investigation.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The biggest issue for any paediatric dentist, despite the many advancements in the field of paediatric dentistry, is to reduce patient anxiety associated with dental visits and encourage them to accept the necessary care. In order to establish a good relationship with the child, the dentist's presentation is crucial.
Aim: To assess the children’s perception and preference towards the dentist’s appearance, dental clinic set-up.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire designed to evaluate children’s attitudes and preferences towards dentists was distributed in public schools and was completed by 1012 children (459 males, 553 females) aged between 7–13 years. Data collected was entered into a computer and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out.
Results: For about 526 children (52%) it was their first visit while 486 children (48%) had been to the dentist before. Children’s preferred attire for receptionists was casual clothes (50.2%) while for the dentist, most of them (42.7%) preferred scrubs. Most (69.1%) of the children were not scared with the use of PPE kit.
Conclusion: The findings of this study can assist dentists in determining what to wear when working with kids to lessen their anxiety and enhance healthcare delivery.
{"title":"Children’s Attitude and Preferences of Paediatric Dentist’s Attire and Dental Clinic Set up in Paediatric Dental Practice","authors":"Rucha Bhise Patil, Sanjana Kodical, Amil Joshi, Apurva Nampalle, Miloni Sanghavi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i267433","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The biggest issue for any paediatric dentist, despite the many advancements in the field of paediatric dentistry, is to reduce patient anxiety associated with dental visits and encourage them to accept the necessary care. In order to establish a good relationship with the child, the dentist's presentation is crucial.
 Aim: To assess the children’s perception and preference towards the dentist’s appearance, dental clinic set-up.
 Materials and Methods: A questionnaire designed to evaluate children’s attitudes and preferences towards dentists was distributed in public schools and was completed by 1012 children (459 males, 553 females) aged between 7–13 years. Data collected was entered into a computer and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out.
 Results: For about 526 children (52%) it was their first visit while 486 children (48%) had been to the dentist before. Children’s preferred attire for receptionists was casual clothes (50.2%) while for the dentist, most of them (42.7%) preferred scrubs. Most (69.1%) of the children were not scared with the use of PPE kit.
 Conclusion: The findings of this study can assist dentists in determining what to wear when working with kids to lessen their anxiety and enhance healthcare delivery.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257432
None Anitha Kalaivani M., None Shamshalniha S., None Anbu N.
Background: Siddha medicine is a unique one as it is not only a curative but also preventive and to achieve the healthy body and mind. Siddha medicines revitalize and rejuvenate the body. Bronchial asthma, characterized by chronic airway obstruction and increased airway hyper responsiveness leads to symptoms of wheeze, cough, chest tightness and difficulty in breathing. It affecting any age, race and socio-economic class globally and its prevalence is changing upwards worldwide. The increase in prevalence may be due to changes in lifestyle, rapid industrialization, tobacco, smoke, viral infections, chemical irritants and increase in air pollution. Siddha, an ancient system of Indian Medicine has recommended a number of drugs for indigenous plant sources for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma. One among them is Siddha polyherbal formulation Gowthamar chooranam.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of bioactive phytocomponents in the Siddha polyherbal drug formulation Gowthamar chooranam by subjecting the drug to various studies like physicochemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and HPTLC.
Methods: The ingredients present in the Siddha polyherbal formulation Gowthamar chooranam was first authenticated by the botanist and was purified. The purified ingredients of the drug was grounded to make a powdered form. The prepared siddha polyherbal formulation Gowthamar chooranam was sent it to the lab for the physiochemical analysis, phytochemical screening and HPTLC. The mentioned physicochemical and phytochemical analysis was conducted at The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, located at No.69, Anna Salai, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032. The HPTLC was carried out at Noble Research Solutions in Kolathur, Chennai – 600 099.
Results: Physicochemical analysis of the study revealed 0.64% of loss on drying (LOD) at 1050C, 2.41% of total ash value, 0.8394% of acid insoluble ash, 1.65% of water soluble ash, 62.30% of water soluble extraction, 11.25% of Alcohol soluble extractive. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, saponin, phenols, tannin, flavonoids, diterpenes and Gum and mucilage. Seven distinct peaks are seen in the sample’s HPTLC finger printing examination, which indicates that it contains seven different phytocomponents. The highest Rf value of the peaks varies from 0.05 to 0.75.
Conclusion: The findings aid in determining the formulations of siddha polyherbal drug Gowthamar chooranam and it reveals the presence of physicochemical and phytochemical properties of the drug which ensures the safety and therapeutic potential in the management of Swasakaasam (Bronchial Asthma) The study drug can also be used as a reference norms for the medicine of standard pharmaceutical product and further quality control enquires. This study provides the evidence for future clinical studies.
背景:悉达医学是一种独特的医学,因为它不仅是一种治疗,而且是预防和实现身心健康。悉达药物使身体恢复活力和活力。支气管哮喘以慢性气道阻塞和气道高反应性增加为特征,可导致喘息、咳嗽、胸闷和呼吸困难等症状。它影响全球任何年龄、种族和社会经济阶层,其患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。患病率的增加可能是由于生活方式的改变、快速工业化、烟草、烟雾、病毒感染、化学刺激物和空气污染的增加。Siddha,一个古老的印度医学系统,推荐了一些治疗支气管哮喘的本土植物药物。其中之一是悉达多草药配方Gowthamar chooranam。目的:本研究的目的是通过理化分析、植物化学筛选和HPTLC等多种研究,确定悉达多药制剂Gowthamar chooranam中生物活性植物成分的存在。方法:Siddha复方制剂Gowthamar chooranam中的成分首先由植物学家鉴定并纯化。这种药物的纯化成分被磨成粉末。将制备的siddha复方Gowthamar chooranam送到实验室进行理化分析、植物化学筛选和HPTLC。上述物理化学和植物化学分析是在泰米尔纳德邦MGR博士医科大学进行的,该大学位于金奈Guindy Anna Salai 69号,邮编:600032。HPTLC在Noble Research Solutions, Kolathur, Chennai - 600 099进行。
结果:1050℃干燥损失率为0.64%,总灰分为2.41%,酸不溶灰分为0.8394%,水溶性灰分为1.65%,水溶性萃取物为62.30%,醇溶萃取物为11.25%。植物化学筛选显示其含有碳水化合物、皂苷、酚类、单宁、黄酮类、二萜、树胶和粘液等生物活性化合物。在样品的HPTLC指纹图谱检查中可以看到七个不同的峰,这表明它含有七种不同的植物成分。峰的最高Rf值在0.05 ~ 0.75之间变化。
结论:本研究结果为中药复方制剂的确定提供了依据,揭示了药物的理化和植物化学性质,保证了药物在支气管哮喘治疗中的安全性和治疗潜力,也可作为标准药品的用药参考规范和进一步的质量控制咨询。本研究为今后的临床研究提供了依据。
{"title":"Standardization of Gowthamar chooranam – A Polyherbal Siddha Formulations in the Management of Swasakasam (Bronchial Asthma)","authors":"None Anitha Kalaivani M., None Shamshalniha S., None Anbu N.","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Siddha medicine is a unique one as it is not only a curative but also preventive and to achieve the healthy body and mind. Siddha medicines revitalize and rejuvenate the body. Bronchial asthma, characterized by chronic airway obstruction and increased airway hyper responsiveness leads to symptoms of wheeze, cough, chest tightness and difficulty in breathing. It affecting any age, race and socio-economic class globally and its prevalence is changing upwards worldwide. The increase in prevalence may be due to changes in lifestyle, rapid industrialization, tobacco, smoke, viral infections, chemical irritants and increase in air pollution. Siddha, an ancient system of Indian Medicine has recommended a number of drugs for indigenous plant sources for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma. One among them is Siddha polyherbal formulation Gowthamar chooranam.
 Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of bioactive phytocomponents in the Siddha polyherbal drug formulation Gowthamar chooranam by subjecting the drug to various studies like physicochemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and HPTLC.
 Methods: The ingredients present in the Siddha polyherbal formulation Gowthamar chooranam was first authenticated by the botanist and was purified. The purified ingredients of the drug was grounded to make a powdered form. The prepared siddha polyherbal formulation Gowthamar chooranam was sent it to the lab for the physiochemical analysis, phytochemical screening and HPTLC. The mentioned physicochemical and phytochemical analysis was conducted at The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, located at No.69, Anna Salai, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032. The HPTLC was carried out at Noble Research Solutions in Kolathur, Chennai – 600 099.
 Results: Physicochemical analysis of the study revealed 0.64% of loss on drying (LOD) at 1050C, 2.41% of total ash value, 0.8394% of acid insoluble ash, 1.65% of water soluble ash, 62.30% of water soluble extraction, 11.25% of Alcohol soluble extractive. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, saponin, phenols, tannin, flavonoids, diterpenes and Gum and mucilage. Seven distinct peaks are seen in the sample’s HPTLC finger printing examination, which indicates that it contains seven different phytocomponents. The highest Rf value of the peaks varies from 0.05 to 0.75.
 Conclusion: The findings aid in determining the formulations of siddha polyherbal drug Gowthamar chooranam and it reveals the presence of physicochemical and phytochemical properties of the drug which ensures the safety and therapeutic potential in the management of Swasakaasam (Bronchial Asthma) The study drug can also be used as a reference norms for the medicine of standard pharmaceutical product and further quality control enquires. This study provides the evidence for future clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257431
None Dhivya K., None Backkiyashree D., None Pratibha N., None Nandhani N., None Vincy Santhana Sophia B., None Bala Abirami M.
Background: Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a probiotic which confers health benefits on the host when administered. The safety and efficacy of L. reuteri in human health and diseases were assessed through this study.
Objectives: To determine the efficacy of L. reuteri supplement in various diseases.
Methods: PRISMA guideline was used and systematically searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed electronic databases for studies reporting effects of L. reuteri supplementation consumption in improving patient’s health in different condition/diseases. Twenty-two eligible studies were selected and 1889 patients from general population have been included in our study.
Results and Discussion: From included studies, the predictive performance of L. reuteri produces significant improvement in treatment of various conditions and diseases. It acts by improving the gut microbiota of several conditions and inflammatory diseases can be managed in a better manner. Supplementation with L. reuteri decreased the severity of various diseases and side effects such as antibiotic associated diarrhea.
Conclusion: The effect of L. reuteri varies depends on disease condition that was shown in our results. Hence, we conclude that administration of L. reuteri is considered safe and effective when taken as supplementation.
{"title":"The Therapeutic Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri Supplementation in Various Conditions: A Systematic Review","authors":"None Dhivya K., None Backkiyashree D., None Pratibha N., None Nandhani N., None Vincy Santhana Sophia B., None Bala Abirami M.","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257431","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a probiotic which confers health benefits on the host when administered. The safety and efficacy of L. reuteri in human health and diseases were assessed through this study.
 Objectives: To determine the efficacy of L. reuteri supplement in various diseases.
 Methods: PRISMA guideline was used and systematically searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed electronic databases for studies reporting effects of L. reuteri supplementation consumption in improving patient’s health in different condition/diseases. Twenty-two eligible studies were selected and 1889 patients from general population have been included in our study.
 Results and Discussion: From included studies, the predictive performance of L. reuteri produces significant improvement in treatment of various conditions and diseases. It acts by improving the gut microbiota of several conditions and inflammatory diseases can be managed in a better manner. Supplementation with L. reuteri decreased the severity of various diseases and side effects such as antibiotic associated diarrhea.
 Conclusion: The effect of L. reuteri varies depends on disease condition that was shown in our results. Hence, we conclude that administration of L. reuteri is considered safe and effective when taken as supplementation.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dental caries is a multifactorial condition that is influenced by a number of factors, including nutrition, bacteria, saliva, tooth shape, environment, sex, geography, dietary patterns, and genetics. Only a small number of research in India have examined the prevalence of dental caries, particularly in adults.
Aim: The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the incidence of dental caries in left and right mandibular first molars in adults attending the Out Patient Department.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional research was done among the 1287 patients. Clinical oral examinations consisted of visual examination and no radiograph was taken for the study. Chi-square test was used to statistically analyse the results. p value of <0.005 was employed throughout the study.
Results: The current study found that the youngest age group (16 to 30 years old) had the significant caries levels, followed by middle-aged and older age groups. In comparison to the right mandibular molar, the left first molar showed a higher prevalence of caries, with males showing a higher rate than females. It also demonstrated that the dental caries prevalence remains high among rural population in comparison to urban population.
Conclusion: Permanent first molar in early age group presented higher caries incidence.This finding can help in formulation of various preventive strategies.
{"title":"Incidence of Dental Caries in Permanent Mandibular First Molar among North Indian Population","authors":"Aashish Handa, Komaldeep Kaur Sandhu, Kanwalpreet Kaur Bhullar, Smiley Goyal","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i257430","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries is a multifactorial condition that is influenced by a number of factors, including nutrition, bacteria, saliva, tooth shape, environment, sex, geography, dietary patterns, and genetics. Only a small number of research in India have examined the prevalence of dental caries, particularly in adults.
 Aim: The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the incidence of dental caries in left and right mandibular first molars in adults attending the Out Patient Department.
 Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional research was done among the 1287 patients. Clinical oral examinations consisted of visual examination and no radiograph was taken for the study. Chi-square test was used to statistically analyse the results. p value of <0.005 was employed throughout the study.
 Results: The current study found that the youngest age group (16 to 30 years old) had the significant caries levels, followed by middle-aged and older age groups. In comparison to the right mandibular molar, the left first molar showed a higher prevalence of caries, with males showing a higher rate than females. It also demonstrated that the dental caries prevalence remains high among rural population in comparison to urban population.
 Conclusion: Permanent first molar in early age group presented higher caries incidence.This finding can help in formulation of various preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}