Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297452
Karra Geetha, Divya Amaravadi, Shaik Razia Begum, Anil Kumar, Nur Hussain, Rama RaoTadikonda
Aims: To identify the risk factors and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Study Design: It is a single-centre, prospective, observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study site includes in-patient departments of Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad done for a period of six months between December’2022 to May’2023.
Methodology: In-patient cases diagnosed with T1DM, T2DM and pre-diabetes were included in study. A data collection form was drafted that included patient demographics (age, sex, height, weight, history in family, risk factors, past medication history, past medical illnesses- HTN (hypertension), dyslipidemia. Lifestyle of patients if physically active/ sedentary and social history as smoker/ alcoholic noted. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) was recorded for T2DM along with BMI in kg/m2. Any micro or macro-vascular complications noted during study period. Medications prescribed were assessed for appropriateness in treating Diabetes Mellitus. Case sheets with complete information regarding patient details were only analyzed.
Results: 70 cases were collected and analyzed for diabetes out of which 58 cases comprised of T2DM. The majority study population was males 63.79% and with age group 53-69 years (25 cases, 43.10%) being higher. As per WHO-Diabetes Criteria, Pre-Diabetes was highly prevalent of 58.57% at this study site. Higher cases of T2DM (82.85%) was noted which shows the importance of implementing lifestyle changes to prevent macro and micro vascular complications. Symptoms of T2DM were abdominal pain (15, 25.86%) followed by excessive thirst (20.68%), and tiredness (10%). Major risk factors for T2DM were hypertension (15, 25.86%), smoking habit (22.41%), alcohol and obesity (17.24% each) which may have lead to complications associated with T2DM as Nephropathy in 2 cases followed by retinopathy, ischemic stroke, and diabetic foot each 1 case. Metformin as monotherapy (82.75% cases) was preferred treatment for T2DM at this site followed by Glimepiride (12, 20.68%).
Conclusion: Study observations conclude that various risk factors can lead to T2DM, hence it is essential to create awareness among the general population on this. Strategies for preventing DM should also be highlighted such as lifestyle changes and following proper dietary guidelines that would avert any life-threatening conditions.
{"title":"An Observational Study on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Risk Factors and Complications in In-patient Department at a Tertiary Care Centre in Telangana, India","authors":"Karra Geetha, Divya Amaravadi, Shaik Razia Begum, Anil Kumar, Nur Hussain, Rama RaoTadikonda","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297452","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To identify the risk factors and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
 Study Design: It is a single-centre, prospective, observational study.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study site includes in-patient departments of Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad done for a period of six months between December’2022 to May’2023.
 Methodology: In-patient cases diagnosed with T1DM, T2DM and pre-diabetes were included in study. A data collection form was drafted that included patient demographics (age, sex, height, weight, history in family, risk factors, past medication history, past medical illnesses- HTN (hypertension), dyslipidemia. Lifestyle of patients if physically active/ sedentary and social history as smoker/ alcoholic noted. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) was recorded for T2DM along with BMI in kg/m2. Any micro or macro-vascular complications noted during study period. Medications prescribed were assessed for appropriateness in treating Diabetes Mellitus. Case sheets with complete information regarding patient details were only analyzed.
 Results: 70 cases were collected and analyzed for diabetes out of which 58 cases comprised of T2DM. The majority study population was males 63.79% and with age group 53-69 years (25 cases, 43.10%) being higher. As per WHO-Diabetes Criteria, Pre-Diabetes was highly prevalent of 58.57% at this study site. Higher cases of T2DM (82.85%) was noted which shows the importance of implementing lifestyle changes to prevent macro and micro vascular complications. Symptoms of T2DM were abdominal pain (15, 25.86%) followed by excessive thirst (20.68%), and tiredness (10%). Major risk factors for T2DM were hypertension (15, 25.86%), smoking habit (22.41%), alcohol and obesity (17.24% each) which may have lead to complications associated with T2DM as Nephropathy in 2 cases followed by retinopathy, ischemic stroke, and diabetic foot each 1 case. Metformin as monotherapy (82.75% cases) was preferred treatment for T2DM at this site followed by Glimepiride (12, 20.68%).
 Conclusion: Study observations conclude that various risk factors can lead to T2DM, hence it is essential to create awareness among the general population on this. Strategies for preventing DM should also be highlighted such as lifestyle changes and following proper dietary guidelines that would avert any life-threatening conditions.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"3 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297451
Abdalrhman Altamimi, Emad faroqu Khodary, Abdulrahman Thabet Alawi, Ahmed Thabet Alawi, Hatim Banjar, Yaser Mohammad Alhindi, Ismail Hadi Shabi
Aims: This study aimed to assess work motivation levels among healthcare providers in the Eradah Complex and evaluate healthcare providers’ job performance, considering various dimensions.
Study Design: A cross sectional study design.
Place and Duration of Study: The target population for this research comprises healthcare providers working within the Eradah Complex in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, including a diverse range of professionals, such as doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and other healthcare personnel, who collectively contribute to providing healthcare services within the complex, between June 2023 and September 2023.
Methodology: A cross-sectional design with comprising healthcare providers working in Eradah Complex in Jeddah, with diverse range of professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and administrative staff, Data for this study were collected through the administration of a structured questionnaire and then the data for this study was collected from healthcare providers working within the Eradah Complex in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data from the structured questionnaires had been distributed within two-week timeframe for the participants to complete the questionnaires. Data reliability and statistical analyses using appropriate tests was done using SPSS version 25.0 program.
Results: This study involved 212 participants from different age groups with a mean age of 37.6±1.3 years old, and predominant male gender (75%), educational level, and professional status with majority (29.7%) of nurses participated in this study, that there was a significant difference in Work Motivation according to Profession (F= 2.68, P-value = 0.011), but there was no significant difference in the other demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education level, and experience year, and there was a significant difference in Job Performance according to age (F= 3.655, P-value = 0.028).
Conclusion: It was observed that there was a significant effect of work motivation on job performance, so the work motivational process may enhance the job performance among healthcare workers in some of Jeddah hospitals.
{"title":"Effect of Work Motivation on Job Performance among Healthcare Providers in Eradah and Mental Health Complex in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdalrhman Altamimi, Emad faroqu Khodary, Abdulrahman Thabet Alawi, Ahmed Thabet Alawi, Hatim Banjar, Yaser Mohammad Alhindi, Ismail Hadi Shabi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i297451","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to assess work motivation levels among healthcare providers in the Eradah Complex and evaluate healthcare providers’ job performance, considering various dimensions.
 Study Design: A cross sectional study design.
 Place and Duration of Study: The target population for this research comprises healthcare providers working within the Eradah Complex in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, including a diverse range of professionals, such as doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and other healthcare personnel, who collectively contribute to providing healthcare services within the complex, between June 2023 and September 2023.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional design with comprising healthcare providers working in Eradah Complex in Jeddah, with diverse range of professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and administrative staff, Data for this study were collected through the administration of a structured questionnaire and then the data for this study was collected from healthcare providers working within the Eradah Complex in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data from the structured questionnaires had been distributed within two-week timeframe for the participants to complete the questionnaires. Data reliability and statistical analyses using appropriate tests was done using SPSS version 25.0 program.
 Results: This study involved 212 participants from different age groups with a mean age of 37.6±1.3 years old, and predominant male gender (75%), educational level, and professional status with majority (29.7%) of nurses participated in this study, that there was a significant difference in Work Motivation according to Profession (F= 2.68, P-value = 0.011), but there was no significant difference in the other demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education level, and experience year, and there was a significant difference in Job Performance according to age (F= 3.655, P-value = 0.028).
 Conclusion: It was observed that there was a significant effect of work motivation on job performance, so the work motivational process may enhance the job performance among healthcare workers in some of Jeddah hospitals.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"28 38","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287450
Ruslin Hadanu, None Irwansyah, None Sartika G. P., Retno Wahyuningrum
The bajakah tampala plant (Spahtolobus littoralis Hassk) has been traditionally believed by the public to cure cancer, tumors, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. However, empirically the public does not yet know the chemical compound content and there have been no studies on biological activity tests, especially the antioxidants of bajakah tampala from Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi. The aim of this research is a qualitative analysis of the chemical compounds of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots and testing of antioxidant activity. Analysis of the chemical compounds of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots using an FT-IR spectrophotometer and LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity of the bajakah tampala root ethanol extract was tested using the DPPH immersion method and the absorption was measured using a UV-Viss spectrophotometer and using the positive control quercetin. The results of the research showed that the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots had 8 chemical components that were detected, namely compound 1 apocynoside I, compound 2 quercetin, compound 3 hexosylphingosine, compound 4 3-hydroxy-7-methoxybaicalein, compound 5 momor-cerebroside I, compound 6 ambronal, compound 7 stigmastan-3,6-dione, and compound 8 trilaurin. The ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots has an antioxidant activity of 21.75 µg/mL which is lower, compared to the antioxidant activity of quercetin of 2.91 µg/mL as a positive control, however the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots is still included in the very strong category.
{"title":"Compound Characterization and Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Ethanol Extract Spatholobus littoralis Hassk in Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Ruslin Hadanu, None Irwansyah, None Sartika G. P., Retno Wahyuningrum","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287450","url":null,"abstract":"The bajakah tampala plant (Spahtolobus littoralis Hassk) has been traditionally believed by the public to cure cancer, tumors, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. However, empirically the public does not yet know the chemical compound content and there have been no studies on biological activity tests, especially the antioxidants of bajakah tampala from Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi. The aim of this research is a qualitative analysis of the chemical compounds of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots and testing of antioxidant activity. Analysis of the chemical compounds of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots using an FT-IR spectrophotometer and LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity of the bajakah tampala root ethanol extract was tested using the DPPH immersion method and the absorption was measured using a UV-Viss spectrophotometer and using the positive control quercetin. The results of the research showed that the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots had 8 chemical components that were detected, namely compound 1 apocynoside I, compound 2 quercetin, compound 3 hexosylphingosine, compound 4 3-hydroxy-7-methoxybaicalein, compound 5 momor-cerebroside I, compound 6 ambronal, compound 7 stigmastan-3,6-dione, and compound 8 trilaurin. The ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots has an antioxidant activity of 21.75 µg/mL which is lower, compared to the antioxidant activity of quercetin of 2.91 µg/mL as a positive control, however the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala roots is still included in the very strong category.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"42 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastric acid secretions are main cause for formation of gastric ulcers that are attributed by Helicobacter pylori infection and extensive use of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These contributors facilitate the initiation of cellular and molecular signalling pathways in our body that give rise to formation of gastric ulcer. Generally, gastric ulcer results in minute to deep invading of gastric mucosal linings which may produce harmful symptoms in our body. Non-infectious gastric ulcers are another problem related with gastro-intestinal disorders that mainly caused because of poor daily activities including alcohol consumption, oxidative stress, mental stress and low consumption in healthy food intake. Stress plays a crucial role in the formation gastric ulceration due to its effect on the generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species).Gastric cancer is found common in severe ulceration and gastric lesions. This type of cancer mainly attributed by untreated gastric ulcer and other related infected and inflammatory conditions. They all increase the worldwide incidence of morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, a novel approach towards research and development has been must to categorise these complications. Natural agents with adaptogenic and antioxidant properties are useful in this situation. Some of the herbal extracts have been used from ancient times due to their cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. New approaches are still on progress to obtain a potential phytopharmaceutical and natural agent to treat these disorders. It has been reported anti-secretory effects of herbal preparations give rise to protective action in the cure of gastric ulcers. We try to explain mechanisms involve in this complication and important pharmacological activity of natural extracts to counter act these symptoms in our review.
{"title":"Gastric Ulcer Mechanism, Protection and Treatment from Natural Sources","authors":"Shiv Kumar, None Arushi, Vijay Sharma, Manjula Devi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287449","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric acid secretions are main cause for formation of gastric ulcers that are attributed by Helicobacter pylori infection and extensive use of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These contributors facilitate the initiation of cellular and molecular signalling pathways in our body that give rise to formation of gastric ulcer. Generally, gastric ulcer results in minute to deep invading of gastric mucosal linings which may produce harmful symptoms in our body. Non-infectious gastric ulcers are another problem related with gastro-intestinal disorders that mainly caused because of poor daily activities including alcohol consumption, oxidative stress, mental stress and low consumption in healthy food intake. Stress plays a crucial role in the formation gastric ulceration due to its effect on the generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species).Gastric cancer is found common in severe ulceration and gastric lesions. This type of cancer mainly attributed by untreated gastric ulcer and other related infected and inflammatory conditions. They all increase the worldwide incidence of morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, a novel approach towards research and development has been must to categorise these complications. Natural agents with adaptogenic and antioxidant properties are useful in this situation. Some of the herbal extracts have been used from ancient times due to their cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. New approaches are still on progress to obtain a potential phytopharmaceutical and natural agent to treat these disorders. It has been reported anti-secretory effects of herbal preparations give rise to protective action in the cure of gastric ulcers. We try to explain mechanisms involve in this complication and important pharmacological activity of natural extracts to counter act these symptoms in our review.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"17 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287448
Hana Jaffar Al Khabbaz
Aims: To systematically evaluate the currently available evidences about the knowledge, attitude and perceptions of healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia towards reporting adverse drug reactions to the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA) as the regulatory authority monitoring adverse drug reactions in the country.
Study Design: Systematic Review.
Methodology: A systematic search of the literature was conducted on ScienceDirect, PubMed, OVID databases as well as Google Scholar for all studies published in English up to June 2023. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Joanna Briggs Institute (STROBE) checklist was used to appraise the quality of the cross-sectional studies included in this review.
Results: A total of 27 studies conducted in different healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia were included in the systematic review. Overall, in the knowledge domain, the awareness of healthcare professionals toward the existence of a national pharmacovigilance adverse drug reaction reporting system ranged from 10% to 95%. In the attitude domain, the belief of the healthcare professionals that reporting adverse drug reaction is a professional obligation ranged from 12.80% to 90.20%. In the perception domain, 46.53% to 100% of healthcare professionals perceive adverse drug reaction reporting has a positive impact on healthcare system and improves patient’s care and quality of life.
Conclusion: Despite having positive attitude toward reporting adverse drug reaction, the healthcare professionals require more education and training in utilizing the Saudi FDA provided adverse drug reaction form and online system to report on the adverse drug reaction that they encounter during their practice.
{"title":"Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitude and Perception toward Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review","authors":"Hana Jaffar Al Khabbaz","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287448","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To systematically evaluate the currently available evidences about the knowledge, attitude and perceptions of healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia towards reporting adverse drug reactions to the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA) as the regulatory authority monitoring adverse drug reactions in the country. 
 Study Design: Systematic Review.
 Methodology: A systematic search of the literature was conducted on ScienceDirect, PubMed, OVID databases as well as Google Scholar for all studies published in English up to June 2023. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Joanna Briggs Institute (STROBE) checklist was used to appraise the quality of the cross-sectional studies included in this review.
 Results: A total of 27 studies conducted in different healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia were included in the systematic review. Overall, in the knowledge domain, the awareness of healthcare professionals toward the existence of a national pharmacovigilance adverse drug reaction reporting system ranged from 10% to 95%. In the attitude domain, the belief of the healthcare professionals that reporting adverse drug reaction is a professional obligation ranged from 12.80% to 90.20%. In the perception domain, 46.53% to 100% of healthcare professionals perceive adverse drug reaction reporting has a positive impact on healthcare system and improves patient’s care and quality of life.
 Conclusion: Despite having positive attitude toward reporting adverse drug reaction, the healthcare professionals require more education and training in utilizing the Saudi FDA provided adverse drug reaction form and online system to report on the adverse drug reaction that they encounter during their practice.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"43 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To evaluate potential drug- drug interactions (pDDIs) in prescriptions generated in outpatient department.
Study Design: A cross sectional, observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacy store, Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, between July 2022 to September 2022.
Methodology: Cross Sectional study performed in outpatient department from July 2022 to September 2022 analysed 382 patient prescriptions (Male : Female 1.41 : 1.0 ; Mean Age 33.67 ± 23.18 ) to evaluate for potential DDIs. Precription with atleast 2 drugs were included in the analysis. Data was analysed for potential drug- drug interactions using Rx list drug interaction checker Online, an online software to check drug-drug interactions (https://www.rxlist.com/drug-interaction-checker.htm) available on the website. Descriptive statistics were performed using MS Excel 2019.
Results: Of the 382 (Male: Female 1.41 : 1.0 ; Mean Age 33.67 ± 23.18 )prescriptions analysed for potential DDIs , 55 prescription were found to have potential DDIs. In those 55 prescriptions, 73 potential DDIs were identified.
Conclusion: Incidence of potential drug- drug interactions was found to be 14.39% in these study.
目的:评价门诊处方中潜在的药物-药物相互作用(pddi)。
研究设计:横断面观察性研究。
学习地点和时间:药店、政府医学院等;医院，那格浦尔，2022年7月至2022年9月。方法:横断面研究于2022年7月至2022年9月在门诊进行，分析了382例患者的处方(男:女1.41:1.0;平均年龄(33.67±23.18)评估潜在的ddi。处方中至少有2种药物被纳入分析。使用Rx list drug interaction checker Online(一种用于检查药物-药物相互作用的在线软件)(https://www.rxlist.com/drug-interaction-checker.htm)对数据进行潜在的药物-药物相互作用分析。描述性统计使用MS Excel 2019.
结果:382例(男:女1.41例:1.0例;平均年龄(33.67±23.18)张处方存在潜在ddi, 55张处方存在潜在ddi。在这55张处方中，鉴定出73张潜在的ddi。
结论:本研究发现潜在药物-药物相互作用发生率为14.39%。
{"title":"Evaluation of Potential Drug-drug Interactions in Prescription in Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Sunil M. Mahakalkar, Akhil Giradkar, Rahul Gholse, Umesh Rathod, Divya Raj","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287447","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate potential drug- drug interactions (pDDIs) in prescriptions generated in outpatient department.
 Study Design: A cross sectional, observational study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacy store, Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, between July 2022 to September 2022.
 Methodology: Cross Sectional study performed in outpatient department from July 2022 to September 2022 analysed 382 patient prescriptions (Male : Female 1.41 : 1.0 ; Mean Age 33.67 ± 23.18 ) to evaluate for potential DDIs. Precription with atleast 2 drugs were included in the analysis. Data was analysed for potential drug- drug interactions using Rx list drug interaction checker Online, an online software to check drug-drug interactions (https://www.rxlist.com/drug-interaction-checker.htm) available on the website. Descriptive statistics were performed using MS Excel 2019.
 Results: Of the 382 (Male: Female 1.41 : 1.0 ; Mean Age 33.67 ± 23.18 )prescriptions analysed for potential DDIs , 55 prescription were found to have potential DDIs. In those 55 prescriptions, 73 potential DDIs were identified.
 Conclusion: Incidence of potential drug- drug interactions was found to be 14.39% in these study.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"34 9-10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis (TB) is a deep public health concern worldwide worsened by reported multi drugresistant (MDR) and extensively drug- resistant (XDR) stralins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the disease. A new class of thiadiazole inhibitors were reported to inhibit the enoyl-acyl transporter protein reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). We performed here the computer-aided molecular design of novel thiadiazole (TDZ) inhibitors of InhA by in situ modifying the reference crystal structure of (S)-1-(5-((1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3yl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)ethanol-InhA (PDB code: 4BQP). Thus a training set of 15 hybrids with known inhibition potency (left(mathrm{IC}_{50}^{exp }right)) was selected to establish a onedescriptor quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model resulting in a linear correlation between the Gibbs free energy (GFE) during the formation of the InhA-TDZ complex and (mathrm{IC}_{50}^{mathrm{exp}}left(mathrm{plC} mathrm{C}_{50} exp ==-0.29 mathrm{x} Delta Delta mathrm{G}_{mathrm{com}}+8.13 ; mathrm{n}=15 ; mathrm{R}^2=0.92, mathrm{R}^2{ }_{mathrm{xv}}=0.91 ;right.) F-test of (142.6 ; sigma=0.21 ; alpha>) (left.95 % ; R^2-R_{x v}^2=0.01right)). The 3D pharmacophore model ((mathrm{PH} 4)) generated from the active conformations of TDZs ( (mathrm{pIC}_{50}^{mathrm{exp}}=0.93 times mathrm{pIC}_{50}^{text {pred }}+0.47 ; mathrm{n}=15 ; mathrm{R}^2=0.97 ; mathrm{R}_{mathrm{xv}}=0.94 ;) F-test of (215.45 ; sigma=0.17 ; alpha>98 % ; R^2-R_{x v}^2=0.03) ) served as a virtual screening tool for new analogs from a virtual library (VL). The combination of molecular modeling and (mathrm{PH} 4) in silico screening of ((mathrm{VL})) resulted in the identification of novel potent antitubercular agent candidates with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles of which the six best hits predicted inhibitory potencies (mathrm{IC}_{50}^{text {pre }}) in the sub nanomolar range ((0.1-0.2 mathrm{nM})).
{"title":"Molecular Modeling of Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their Pharmacokinetic Predictions","authors":"Narcisse Fidèle Zonon, Logbo Mathias Mousse, Koffi N’Guessan Placide Gabin Allangba, Koffi Charles Kouman, Eugene Megnassan","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i287446","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a deep public health concern worldwide worsened by reported multi drugresistant (MDR) and extensively drug- resistant (XDR) stralins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the disease. A new class of thiadiazole inhibitors were reported to inhibit the enoyl-acyl transporter protein reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). We performed here the computer-aided molecular design of novel thiadiazole (TDZ) inhibitors of InhA by in situ modifying the reference crystal structure of (S)-1-(5-((1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3yl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)ethanol-InhA (PDB code: 4BQP). Thus a training set of 15 hybrids with known inhibition potency (left(mathrm{IC}_{50}^{exp }right)) was selected to establish a onedescriptor quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model resulting in a linear correlation between the Gibbs free energy (GFE) during the formation of the InhA-TDZ complex and (mathrm{IC}_{50}^{mathrm{exp}}left(mathrm{plC} mathrm{C}_{50} exp ==-0.29 mathrm{x} Delta Delta mathrm{G}_{mathrm{com}}+8.13 ; mathrm{n}=15 ; mathrm{R}^2=0.92, mathrm{R}^2{ }_{mathrm{xv}}=0.91 ;right.) F-test of (142.6 ; sigma=0.21 ; alpha>) (left.95 % ; R^2-R_{x v}^2=0.01right)). The 3D pharmacophore model ((mathrm{PH} 4)) generated from the active conformations of TDZs ( (mathrm{pIC}_{50}^{mathrm{exp}}=0.93 times mathrm{pIC}_{50}^{text {pred }}+0.47 ; mathrm{n}=15 ; mathrm{R}^2=0.97 ; mathrm{R}_{mathrm{xv}}=0.94 ;) F-test of (215.45 ; sigma=0.17 ; alpha>98 % ; R^2-R_{x v}^2=0.03) ) served as a virtual screening tool for new analogs from a virtual library (VL). The combination of molecular modeling and (mathrm{PH} 4) in silico screening of ((mathrm{VL})) resulted in the identification of novel potent antitubercular agent candidates with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles of which the six best hits predicted inhibitory potencies (mathrm{IC}_{50}^{text {pre }}) in the sub nanomolar range ((0.1-0.2 mathrm{nM})).","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"37 S6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277445
None Alanazi Saleh Farhan M.
Aim: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) represent motor disturbances frequently induced by medications that impact the dopamine pathways. Although not traditionally employed for addressing EPS, there is potential in using hyoscine butylbromide, an anticholinergic antispasmodic, owing to its mechanism of action that influences cholinergic receptors.
Presentation of Case: We present a 34-year-old female patient, post-haemorrhoidectomy under spinal anaesthesia, who developed post-lumbar puncture headache with nausea and vomiting. A single dose of metoclopramide (10 mg) led to rapid onset of EPS—tremor, restlessness, and akathisia. Intravenous hyoscine butylbromide (20 mg) resulted in prompt alleviation of EPS.
Discussion and Conclusion: This case highlights hyoscine butylbromide's potential in managing medication-induced EPS, even in unconventional cases. Rapid symptom resolution and a 7-day follow-up without side effects underscore its short-term efficacy and safety. While broader application and mechanisms necessitate further research, hyoscine butylbromide could be a valuable option for EPS management.
{"title":"Intravenous Hyoscine Butylbromide “Scopolamine” for the Treatment of Extrapyramidal Symptoms: A Case Report","authors":"None Alanazi Saleh Farhan M.","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277445","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) represent motor disturbances frequently induced by medications that impact the dopamine pathways. Although not traditionally employed for addressing EPS, there is potential in using hyoscine butylbromide, an anticholinergic antispasmodic, owing to its mechanism of action that influences cholinergic receptors.
 Presentation of Case: We present a 34-year-old female patient, post-haemorrhoidectomy under spinal anaesthesia, who developed post-lumbar puncture headache with nausea and vomiting. A single dose of metoclopramide (10 mg) led to rapid onset of EPS—tremor, restlessness, and akathisia. Intravenous hyoscine butylbromide (20 mg) resulted in prompt alleviation of EPS.
 Discussion and Conclusion: This case highlights hyoscine butylbromide's potential in managing medication-induced EPS, even in unconventional cases. Rapid symptom resolution and a 7-day follow-up without side effects underscore its short-term efficacy and safety. While broader application and mechanisms necessitate further research, hyoscine butylbromide could be a valuable option for EPS management.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"31 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277443
None Ali Fathima S., None Abiraj K. R., None Pratheesh A. P., Sonu M. Mohan, None Krishna A. S., None Dynamol S.
Nanotechnology is the structuring and manipulation of matter at nanoscale for the creation of new particles and devices. The applications of nanotechnology are being explored in various arenas including health care. The use of this technology aims to improvise the quality of health care being rendered to the patients. Nanotechnology has paved its way into various specialties of dentistry including orthodontics. The goal of these innovations and research in this field is to improve human life and health. The merging of nanotechnology with orthodontics helps the clinicians to a great extent in improving the quality of patient care and its applications. This article aims to summarize and describe the most recent advancements and well-known nanotechnological innovations in the field of orthodontics and the use of new nanomaterials, nano devices, nano LIPUS, nano particles and nano sensors incorporation of the same to the arsenal of Orthodontics.
{"title":"Knowing the Unknown: A Review on Nanotechnology in Orthodontics","authors":"None Ali Fathima S., None Abiraj K. R., None Pratheesh A. P., Sonu M. Mohan, None Krishna A. S., None Dynamol S.","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277443","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is the structuring and manipulation of matter at nanoscale for the creation of new particles and devices. The applications of nanotechnology are being explored in various arenas including health care. The use of this technology aims to improvise the quality of health care being rendered to the patients. Nanotechnology has paved its way into various specialties of dentistry including orthodontics. The goal of these innovations and research in this field is to improve human life and health. The merging of nanotechnology with orthodontics helps the clinicians to a great extent in improving the quality of patient care and its applications. This article aims to summarize and describe the most recent advancements and well-known nanotechnological innovations in the field of orthodontics and the use of new nanomaterials, nano devices, nano LIPUS, nano particles and nano sensors incorporation of the same to the arsenal of Orthodontics.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"17 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277442
None Sardjiman, Rolando Rahardjoputro, Joko Santoso
Background: Bacterial infection is a health problem that has long been attention in the world of health. Various antimicrobials have been discovered and developed by researchers to solve pathogenic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacteria that is often of concern to researchers because it has the potential to become resistant to a number of antibiotics. Tannic acid is known to have potential antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of tannic acid is interesting to study considering its great potential as an antimicrobial agent for pathogenic bacterial infections.
Aims: To find out the antibacterial potential of tannic acid compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa In-vitro using the disc diffusion method.
Methodology: This research is quantitative research with experimental methods. This research was carried out at the Pharmacy Laboratory of Kusuma Husada Surakarta University, Indonesia between April and May 2023. The sample for this study was a certified bacterial culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 originating from a stock culture from the laboratory. We use certified tannic acid from Merck Millipore. The tannic acid in powder form was dissolved in a 1% DMSO solution. The sample solution containing tannic acid in 1% DMSO was dropped on a Kirby-Bauer disk and placed on an agar plate inoculated with bacteria. One petri dish contains five discs with different samples placed at adequate distances. There were 0.5% tannic acid solution, 1% tannic acid solution, and 2% tannic acid solution, negative control 1% DMSO solution and positive control ciprofloxacin 5 µg/ml. Replication was carried out five times.
Results: Tannic acid with a concentration of 0.5% has an average inhibitory zone of 102 mm. A 1% concentration of tannic acid has an average inhibitory zone of 121 mm. A 2% concentration of tannic acid has an average inhibitory zone of 150 mm. The positive control used, namely the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, obtained an average inhibitory zone of 350 mm. The negative control used, namely 1% DMSO solution, had no inhibitory zone at all. Statistical tests using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference with a value of p = 0.000.
Conclusion: The tannic acid compound is an active compound that has antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and its application in health can be considered.
{"title":"The Effect of Tannic Acid as Antimicrobial Agent on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using In-vitro Diffusion Method","authors":"None Sardjiman, Rolando Rahardjoputro, Joko Santoso","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2023/v35i277442","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacterial infection is a health problem that has long been attention in the world of health. Various antimicrobials have been discovered and developed by researchers to solve pathogenic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacteria that is often of concern to researchers because it has the potential to become resistant to a number of antibiotics. Tannic acid is known to have potential antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of tannic acid is interesting to study considering its great potential as an antimicrobial agent for pathogenic bacterial infections.
 Aims: To find out the antibacterial potential of tannic acid compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa In-vitro using the disc diffusion method.
 Methodology: This research is quantitative research with experimental methods. This research was carried out at the Pharmacy Laboratory of Kusuma Husada Surakarta University, Indonesia between April and May 2023. The sample for this study was a certified bacterial culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 originating from a stock culture from the laboratory. We use certified tannic acid from Merck Millipore. The tannic acid in powder form was dissolved in a 1% DMSO solution. The sample solution containing tannic acid in 1% DMSO was dropped on a Kirby-Bauer disk and placed on an agar plate inoculated with bacteria. One petri dish contains five discs with different samples placed at adequate distances. There were 0.5% tannic acid solution, 1% tannic acid solution, and 2% tannic acid solution, negative control 1% DMSO solution and positive control ciprofloxacin 5 µg/ml. Replication was carried out five times.
 Results: Tannic acid with a concentration of 0.5% has an average inhibitory zone of 102 mm. A 1% concentration of tannic acid has an average inhibitory zone of 121 mm. A 2% concentration of tannic acid has an average inhibitory zone of 150 mm. The positive control used, namely the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, obtained an average inhibitory zone of 350 mm. The negative control used, namely 1% DMSO solution, had no inhibitory zone at all. Statistical tests using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference with a value of p = 0.000.
 Conclusion: The tannic acid compound is an active compound that has antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and its application in health can be considered.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"30 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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