{"title":"The Relationship Between the Consumer and the Health Care System","authors":"Jonathan C. Peck","doi":"10.3109/J058v08n04_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058v08n04_05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73695700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two experiments using physicians as subjects were conducted. All experiments manipulated the incentive to hysicians for completing a mailed survey. The results indicate that t 1 e level of monetary incentive and length of the questionnaire have a large effect on the return rate of a mailed questionnaire. Results further indicate that a questionnaire to ic of direct interest to the physician's specialty also results in a hig R er return rate. It is suggested that a social exchange process may be occurring when a questionnaire is completed.
{"title":"Mailed Surveys to Physicians","authors":"D. Lockhart","doi":"10.3109/J058V06N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V06N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments using physicians as subjects were conducted. All experiments manipulated the incentive to hysicians for completing a mailed survey. The results indicate that t 1 e level of monetary incentive and length of the questionnaire have a large effect on the return rate of a mailed questionnaire. Results further indicate that a questionnaire to ic of direct interest to the physician's specialty also results in a hig R er return rate. It is suggested that a social exchange process may be occurring when a questionnaire is completed.","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"422 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76483645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been a decade since Ezra Vogel asked American managers to look at Japan As Number One. The debate still continues. What are the determinants of Japanese economic success? Recent research claims that American managers seem to have missed the point when examining this issue. Japanese managers argue that cultural factors are important; American managers argue that this is not really the case. There is certainly enough evidence on both sides of the issue to continue the debate; however, the point is that the reality of the situation does not make any difference in the consequences. Managers must accept the importance of cultural differences -real or perceived-and develop cultural awareness rather than argue that cultural factors are not significant. Cultural understanding is important not only for the pharmaceutical executive but also for the practicing pharmacist as pharmacy's role becomes more patient oriented. Managers, as true students of culture, will learn by adopting a holistic approach and by e...
{"title":"Developing Cross-Cultural Sensitivity","authors":"D. R. Rickert","doi":"10.3109/J058V04N03_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V04N03_04","url":null,"abstract":"It has been a decade since Ezra Vogel asked American managers to look at Japan As Number One. The debate still continues. What are the determinants of Japanese economic success? Recent research claims that American managers seem to have missed the point when examining this issue. Japanese managers argue that cultural factors are important; American managers argue that this is not really the case. There is certainly enough evidence on both sides of the issue to continue the debate; however, the point is that the reality of the situation does not make any difference in the consequences. Managers must accept the importance of cultural differences -real or perceived-and develop cultural awareness rather than argue that cultural factors are not significant. Cultural understanding is important not only for the pharmaceutical executive but also for the practicing pharmacist as pharmacy's role becomes more patient oriented. Managers, as true students of culture, will learn by adopting a holistic approach and by e...","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81663278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacists' opinions about pharmaceutical manufacturers are important to manufacturers in fortnulating marketing strategies and policies. For both research-intensive and principally generic manufacturers, we (1) identified and investigated their aggregate favorable and unfavorable activities and characteristics, overall performance, and support for pharmacy, (2) identified companies that were viewed favorably or unfavorably and investigated reasons for such views, and (3) investigated changes in aggregate attitude ratings of research-intensive manufacturers since 1977. After pretesting, a questionnaire was mailed to a systematic random sample of 400 pharmacists residing in Wisconsin. The response rate was about 38%. The magnitude of pharmacists' general views of favorable and unfavorable activities or characteristics were different for the two types of manufacturers. Research-intensive manufacturers generally were viewed as providing new products and full service for those products and for the pharmacy p...
{"title":"Pharmacists' Opinions About Pharmaceutical Manufacturers","authors":"J. Wittenberg, J. Wiederholt, R. Hammel","doi":"10.3109/J058V02N01_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V02N01_10","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacists' opinions about pharmaceutical manufacturers are important to manufacturers in fortnulating marketing strategies and policies. For both research-intensive and principally generic manufacturers, we (1) identified and investigated their aggregate favorable and unfavorable activities and characteristics, overall performance, and support for pharmacy, (2) identified companies that were viewed favorably or unfavorably and investigated reasons for such views, and (3) investigated changes in aggregate attitude ratings of research-intensive manufacturers since 1977. After pretesting, a questionnaire was mailed to a systematic random sample of 400 pharmacists residing in Wisconsin. The response rate was about 38%. The magnitude of pharmacists' general views of favorable and unfavorable activities or characteristics were different for the two types of manufacturers. Research-intensive manufacturers generally were viewed as providing new products and full service for those products and for the pharmacy p...","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74237526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different formats of warning information disclosure in printed drug advertisements on a sample of adults' cognitive reactions. Four mock advertisements for a fictitious influenza virus vaccine, all of which contained the same promotional message, were tested. The format of the warning disclosure varied in three of the advertisements. An advertisement which contained no warning message was also tested. Study subjects consisting of 192 patrons of a local shopping center each read one of the four advertisements and then completed a self-administered questionnaire that had 13 scaled items focusing on semantics. A sequence of analytical steps including factor analysis, analysis of variance and the Scheffe post-hoc multiple comparisons test suggest that the format of warning disclosure did have an effect on consumers' cognitive reactions described by the informative value, security, and appeal factors. A trade-off appears to have resulted in the minds o...
{"title":"Direct-to-Consumer Advertising","authors":"G. Tucker, Mickey C. Smith","doi":"10.3109/J058V02N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V02N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different formats of warning information disclosure in printed drug advertisements on a sample of adults' cognitive reactions. Four mock advertisements for a fictitious influenza virus vaccine, all of which contained the same promotional message, were tested. The format of the warning disclosure varied in three of the advertisements. An advertisement which contained no warning message was also tested. Study subjects consisting of 192 patrons of a local shopping center each read one of the four advertisements and then completed a self-administered questionnaire that had 13 scaled items focusing on semantics. A sequence of analytical steps including factor analysis, analysis of variance and the Scheffe post-hoc multiple comparisons test suggest that the format of warning disclosure did have an effect on consumers' cognitive reactions described by the informative value, security, and appeal factors. A trade-off appears to have resulted in the minds o...","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90780683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to cxaminc the effects of employment in chain organizations on community pharmacists' perceived autonomy and job satisfaction. It was hypothesized that larger organizations were more bureaucratic and that pharmacists employed in them would have less autonomy and job satisfaction. Data from 202 community pharmacists were analyzed using the LISREL VI program for analysis of structural equation models. Results indicated that pharmacists employed in larger organizations perceived themselves to have less autonomy and job satisfaction, and that these negative perceptions may have been a result of the more bureaucratic structures of the chain organizations.
{"title":"Professionals in Bureaucracies","authors":"N. Carroll, Albert J. Jowdy","doi":"10.3109/J058v01n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058v01n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to cxaminc the effects of employment in chain organizations on community pharmacists' perceived autonomy and job satisfaction. It was hypothesized that larger organizations were more bureaucratic and that pharmacists employed in them would have less autonomy and job satisfaction. Data from 202 community pharmacists were analyzed using the LISREL VI program for analysis of structural equation models. Results indicated that pharmacists employed in larger organizations perceived themselves to have less autonomy and job satisfaction, and that these negative perceptions may have been a result of the more bureaucratic structures of the chain organizations.","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85467656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A random sample of 2,000 physician members of the Texas Medical Association was surveyed to assess physician perceptions of outcomes that might result from direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements appearing in print media. Three hundred forty-three usable responses were received. Respondents were asked to rate 22 potential outcome belief statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree; 5 = strongly disagree). Overall, physicians agreed that direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs would be more likely to result in negative outcomes than in positive outcomes for both themselves and consumers. Specifically, they disagree that DTCA would result in better drug therapies (mean = 4.01) and agreed that it would confuse patients (mean = 2.07) and increase patient demand for the advertised drug (mean = 1.75). These results indicate that physicians do not believe that DTCA will necessarily have a positive impact on consumers.
{"title":"Potential Outcomes Associated with Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs","authors":"Christine M Cutrer, A. Pleil","doi":"10.3109/J058V05N03_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V05N03_02","url":null,"abstract":"A random sample of 2,000 physician members of the Texas Medical Association was surveyed to assess physician perceptions of outcomes that might result from direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements appearing in print media. Three hundred forty-three usable responses were received. Respondents were asked to rate 22 potential outcome belief statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree; 5 = strongly disagree). Overall, physicians agreed that direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs would be more likely to result in negative outcomes than in positive outcomes for both themselves and consumers. Specifically, they disagree that DTCA would result in better drug therapies (mean = 4.01) and agreed that it would confuse patients (mean = 2.07) and increase patient demand for the advertised drug (mean = 1.75). These results indicate that physicians do not believe that DTCA will necessarily have a positive impact on consumers.","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74501107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A four-state study of pharmacy buying decision-makers' satisfaction with drug wholesaler services is reported. Based on service descriptors identified in focus groups and critical incident study, a questionnaire as developed and mailed to pharmacy buying decision makers in selected market areas. Pharmacies were randomly selected using pharmacy type and location straw. Three types of scales were used to measure dimensions of service importance/ satisfaction, attitudes toward the wholesaler and its service personnel and general service quality. Importance and satisfaction ratings are reported for pharmacy types and locations. Relationship among importance, satisfaction, service quality, and attributes of the firm and its service personnel are described
{"title":"Pharmacy Satisfaction with Drug Wholesaler Services","authors":"P. Grussing, H. Hatoum, Gregory Zaborniak","doi":"10.3109/J058V08N03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V08N03_06","url":null,"abstract":"A four-state study of pharmacy buying decision-makers' satisfaction with drug wholesaler services is reported. Based on service descriptors identified in focus groups and critical incident study, a questionnaire as developed and mailed to pharmacy buying decision makers in selected market areas. Pharmacies were randomly selected using pharmacy type and location straw. Three types of scales were used to measure dimensions of service importance/ satisfaction, attitudes toward the wholesaler and its service personnel and general service quality. Importance and satisfaction ratings are reported for pharmacy types and locations. Relationship among importance, satisfaction, service quality, and attributes of the firm and its service personnel are described","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82210021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to measure the change in subjects' shopping patterns for nonprescription products after the subjects were enrolled in a managed health care organization where the provision of pharmaceutical services was limited to the organization's in-house pharmacies or a network of preferred provider cornmunity pharmacies. Before enrollment, the prescription and nonprescription shopping patterns of members in the staff and group models were similar. After enrollment, staff model members switched to the in-house pharmacy for prescription services, but their shopping patterns for nonprescription products changed very little. After enrollment, group model members' prescription and nonprescription products shopping patterns changed very little. Reported changes in shopping patterns for nonprescription products for members in both models were due mainly to moving or convenience. The conclusion was that enrollment in a managed health care organization caused minimal direct change in the nonpr...
{"title":"Pharmacy Products Shopping Patterns of Members Before and After Joining a Large Managed Health Care Plan: A Pilot Study","authors":"G. R. Donehew","doi":"10.3109/J058V06N03_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V06N03_03","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to measure the change in subjects' shopping patterns for nonprescription products after the subjects were enrolled in a managed health care organization where the provision of pharmaceutical services was limited to the organization's in-house pharmacies or a network of preferred provider cornmunity pharmacies. Before enrollment, the prescription and nonprescription shopping patterns of members in the staff and group models were similar. After enrollment, staff model members switched to the in-house pharmacy for prescription services, but their shopping patterns for nonprescription products changed very little. After enrollment, group model members' prescription and nonprescription products shopping patterns changed very little. Reported changes in shopping patterns for nonprescription products for members in both models were due mainly to moving or convenience. The conclusion was that enrollment in a managed health care organization caused minimal direct change in the nonpr...","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76909146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Logistic regression analysis was used to relate consumer characteristics to the probability of selecting a traditional independent, a prescription-oriented, or a mass-merchandise pharmacy. Being younger and purchasing OTCs and non-health-related purchases at the same location were significant factors in the model to predict patronage of a mass-merchandise pharmacy. Residence in a more affluent neighborhood, a higher level of educational attainment, and older age were significant predictors in the model for traditional independents. Gender, insurance coverage, and number of prescriptions were not significant predictors. Further analysis found differences between patrons of two mass-merchandise subgroups; this supports the contention that consumers do not perceive mass-merchandise pharmacies to be a homogeneous group. Future research is needed to develop better models using other predictors of pharmacy preference, including attitudes and beliefs, and to explore alternative ways to categorize community pharm...
{"title":"Predictors of Community Pharmacy Preference: A Logistic Regression Analysis of Consumers' Socioeconomic and Shopping Characteristics","authors":"E. Lipowski","doi":"10.3109/J058V06N02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/J058V06N02_05","url":null,"abstract":"Logistic regression analysis was used to relate consumer characteristics to the probability of selecting a traditional independent, a prescription-oriented, or a mass-merchandise pharmacy. Being younger and purchasing OTCs and non-health-related purchases at the same location were significant factors in the model to predict patronage of a mass-merchandise pharmacy. Residence in a more affluent neighborhood, a higher level of educational attainment, and older age were significant predictors in the model for traditional independents. Gender, insurance coverage, and number of prescriptions were not significant predictors. Further analysis found differences between patrons of two mass-merchandise subgroups; this supports the contention that consumers do not perceive mass-merchandise pharmacies to be a homogeneous group. Future research is needed to develop better models using other predictors of pharmacy preference, including attitudes and beliefs, and to explore alternative ways to categorize community pharm...","PeriodicalId":16734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"43-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84628259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：