Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8938
R. Kavitha, T. Sundari, P. Srinivasan
Cucumis pubescens, a notable therapeutic plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family is extensively utilized in South India’s habitual medicine. Despite its medicinal importance, the phytochemical content of this plant remains largely unexplored. The objective of the present study was to examine the phytochemical composition of the fruits of C. pubescens. Initially, HPLC analysis was employed to separate secondary metabolites, revealing seven major phytochemical fractions. The use of a suitable mobile phase system (Acetic acid: Acetonitrile: Water, 4:2:10) at 280 nm facilitated clear isolation. Subsequent spectral analyses confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds. UV-Vis spectral analysis indicated the abundance of flavonoids and tannins. The presence of functional groups, for instance, C=O (carbonyl), C-C (benzene), and Ar-C-H (aromatic hydrocarbon) were validated through FTIR. Further analysis through GC-MS identified 23 bioactive compounds, with quercetin and kaempferol being the predominant ones, followed by gallic acid and caffeic acid. The pharmacological activity of these compounds underscores the therapeutic potential of C. pubescens. In conclusion, this study highlights the rich chemical diversity of C. pubescens, suggesting its potential as a valuable medicinal species with pharmaceutical significance.
Cucumis pubescens 是葫芦科的一种著名治疗植物，在南印度的惯用医药中被广泛使用。尽管该植物具有重要的药用价值，但其植物化学成分在很大程度上仍未得到开发。本研究的目的是检测 C. pubescens 果实的植物化学成分。首先，采用高效液相色谱分析来分离次生代谢物，发现了七种主要的植物化学成分。在 280 纳米波长下使用合适的流动相系统（乙酸：乙腈：水，4:2:10）有助于分离。随后的光谱分析证实了生物活性化合物的存在。紫外可见光谱分析表明，黄酮类化合物和单宁酸含量丰富。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了功能基团的存在，如 C=O（羰基）、C-C（苯）和 Ar-C-H（芳香烃）。通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）的进一步分析，确定了 23 种生物活性化合物，其中最主要的是槲皮素和山柰酚，其次是没食子酸和咖啡酸。这些化合物的药理活性凸显了 C. pubescens 的治疗潜力。总之，本研究强调了 C. pubescens 丰富的化学多样性，表明它有潜力成为一种具有药用价值的珍贵药用物种。
{"title":"Chemoprofiling of Cucumis pubescens Willd. fruits","authors":"R. Kavitha, T. Sundari, P. Srinivasan","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8938","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumis pubescens, a notable therapeutic plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family is extensively utilized in South India’s habitual medicine. Despite its medicinal importance, the phytochemical content of this plant remains largely unexplored. The objective of the present study was to examine the phytochemical composition of the fruits of C. pubescens. Initially, HPLC analysis was employed to separate secondary metabolites, revealing seven major phytochemical fractions. The use of a suitable mobile phase system (Acetic acid: Acetonitrile: Water, 4:2:10) at 280 nm facilitated clear isolation. Subsequent spectral analyses confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds. UV-Vis spectral analysis indicated the abundance of flavonoids and tannins. The presence of functional groups, for instance, C=O (carbonyl), C-C (benzene), and Ar-C-H (aromatic hydrocarbon) were validated through FTIR. Further analysis through GC-MS identified 23 bioactive compounds, with quercetin and kaempferol being the predominant ones, followed by gallic acid and caffeic acid. The pharmacological activity of these compounds underscores the therapeutic potential of C. pubescens. In conclusion, this study highlights the rich chemical diversity of C. pubescens, suggesting its potential as a valuable medicinal species with pharmaceutical significance.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8962
F. Iheagwam, S. N. Chinedu
Solanum aethiopicum is consumed in large quantities by various ethnic groups within Nigeria. This study evaluated the effect of S. aethiopicum fruit ethanol extract (SAFE) short-term intake at high doses on antioxidant and biochemical properties in rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six experimental groups. Two groups served as controls, while others were treated daily with graded doses of SAFE (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) for fourteen days. Liver function, lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, and liver pathology were assayed. Oral administration of SAFE significantly (p<0.05) reduced lipid peroxidation while increasing superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione concentration. Biomarkers of lipid profile and liver function were significantly (p<0.05) improved in SAFE-administered groups without altering the liver microarchitecture. The results suggest that short-term administration of S. aethiopicum fruit at high concentrations improves antioxidants and possesses hypocholesterolaemic properties without inducing hepatic alteration associated with its principles.
{"title":"High eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) fruit intake for short duration enhances the antioxidant activity and biochemical parameters in rats","authors":"F. Iheagwam, S. N. Chinedu","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8962","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum aethiopicum is consumed in large quantities by various ethnic groups within Nigeria. This study evaluated the effect of S. aethiopicum fruit ethanol extract (SAFE) short-term intake at high doses on antioxidant and biochemical properties in rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six experimental groups. Two groups served as controls, while others were treated daily with graded doses of SAFE (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) for fourteen days. Liver function, lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, and liver pathology were assayed. Oral administration of SAFE significantly (p<0.05) reduced lipid peroxidation while increasing superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione concentration. Biomarkers of lipid profile and liver function were significantly (p<0.05) improved in SAFE-administered groups without altering the liver microarchitecture. The results suggest that short-term administration of S. aethiopicum fruit at high concentrations improves antioxidants and possesses hypocholesterolaemic properties without inducing hepatic alteration associated with its principles.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8817
W. A. Al-Baadani, A. M. M. A. Al-Samman, R. Anantacharya, N. Satyanarayan, N. A. Siddique, A. A. Maqati, Kahkashan
Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy is a profound medicinal belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Natural products are considered as an alternative source for a positive approach to the drug design and drug discovery. R. hypocrateriformis is becoming the most important natural source to produce diverse phytometabolites with varying biochemical activities. Therefore, in the proposed study, we utilizing R. hypocrateriformis for isolating the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) and characterized it by different scientifically approved spectroscopic techniques namely 1HNMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and mass spectroscopy respectively. As a part of this study, the synthesis of chemical analogues has been achieved by coupling 5-HMF with quinoline derivatives and it was also studied for their antioxidant and anticancer potentials. The results demonstrated that amongst the test compounds, 3d and 3b have shown significant free radical scavenging assay followed by 3e and 3a with a maximum inhibitory effect, 76.69 %, 75.90 %, 67.60 % and 56.07 % respectively at 50 μg/mL. The anticancer activity studied through SRB assay showed that, compound 3a was effective at low concentration (10 μg/mL) against the Colo-205 cell line. This study demonstrated the applicability of R. hypocrateriformis against the cytotoxicity and antioxidant potential of 5-HMF. It can further be utilized by the researcher and pharmaceutical industry to design a potential drug candidate to treat cellular toxicity.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity effect and antioxidant potential of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural (5-HMF) analogues-An advance approach","authors":"W. A. Al-Baadani, A. M. M. A. Al-Samman, R. Anantacharya, N. Satyanarayan, N. A. Siddique, A. A. Maqati, Kahkashan","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8817","url":null,"abstract":"Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy is a profound medicinal belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Natural products are considered as an alternative source for a positive approach to the drug design and drug discovery. R. hypocrateriformis is becoming the most important natural source to produce diverse phytometabolites with varying biochemical activities. Therefore, in the proposed study, we utilizing R. hypocrateriformis for isolating the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) and characterized it by different scientifically approved spectroscopic techniques namely 1HNMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and mass spectroscopy respectively. As a part of this study, the synthesis of chemical analogues has been achieved by coupling 5-HMF with quinoline derivatives and it was also studied for their antioxidant and anticancer potentials. The results demonstrated that amongst the test compounds, 3d and 3b have shown significant free radical scavenging assay followed by 3e and 3a with a maximum inhibitory effect, 76.69 %, 75.90 %, 67.60 % and 56.07 % respectively at 50 μg/mL. The anticancer activity studied through SRB assay showed that, compound 3a was effective at low concentration (10 μg/mL) against the Colo-205 cell line. This study demonstrated the applicability of R. hypocrateriformis against the cytotoxicity and antioxidant potential of 5-HMF. It can further be utilized by the researcher and pharmaceutical industry to design a potential drug candidate to treat cellular toxicity.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8965
P. Kiruba, K. Palanisamy, M. Deepa, P. Srinivasan
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae), commonly known as harsingar, is a plant with potential medicinal properties. The plant was used in traditional folk medicine and as a pharmacological activity. The present study reports a rapid and eco-accommodating technique to synthesize silver nanoparticles AgNPs with low cost and with no need to heat, using aqueous extracts of N. arbor-tristis L. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to detect the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saturated sugar, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and proteins in the plant. A color change observed in the test confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR, and UV – Visible spectrophotometer (DLS) were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The antibacterial potential of AgNPs was further tested against different bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia displayed by finding the maximum zone of inhibition observed against S. typhi of 24.6 mm, S. aureus 21.6±0.57 mm, P. aeruginosa 19 mm, K. pneumonia 17 mm and E. coli 15.3±0.57 mm. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs were also exhibited as anticancer properties against MDA-231 cell line Human Breast cancer cell line which was determined dose dependent manner and their concentration of 2.5 to 30 μg/mL respectively, and noted the inhibitory range at 30 μg/mL of its concentration, which was further tested in high inhibitory effect on their leaf extract high concentration in cytotoxic, bactericidal experiments.
{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy of silver nanoparticles phytofabricated by Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. leaf extract","authors":"P. Kiruba, K. Palanisamy, M. Deepa, P. Srinivasan","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8965","url":null,"abstract":"Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae), commonly known as harsingar, is a plant with potential medicinal properties. The plant was used in traditional folk medicine and as a pharmacological activity. The present study reports a rapid and eco-accommodating technique to synthesize silver nanoparticles AgNPs with low cost and with no need to heat, using aqueous extracts of N. arbor-tristis L. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to detect the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saturated sugar, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and proteins in the plant. A color change observed in the test confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR, and UV – Visible spectrophotometer (DLS) were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The antibacterial potential of AgNPs was further tested against different bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia displayed by finding the maximum zone of inhibition observed against S. typhi of 24.6 mm, S. aureus 21.6±0.57 mm, P. aeruginosa 19 mm, K. pneumonia 17 mm and E. coli 15.3±0.57 mm. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs were also exhibited as anticancer properties against MDA-231 cell line Human Breast cancer cell line which was determined dose dependent manner and their concentration of 2.5 to 30 μg/mL respectively, and noted the inhibitory range at 30 μg/mL of its concentration, which was further tested in high inhibitory effect on their leaf extract high concentration in cytotoxic, bactericidal experiments.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the chemical composition of Cinnamomum camphora leaves collected from Algeria was studied. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of C. camphora, collected from Skikda (North Eastern Algeria), was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil showed the presence of 17 major compounds representing 93.57% of total essential oil and the major compounds were camphor (36.81%), α-Pinene (9.91%), D-Limonene (8.63%) and Camphene (6.99%).
{"title":"Chemical composition of essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl","authors":"Maroua Cheribot Cherif, Hicham Boughendjioua, Nora Sakhraoui","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8796","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the chemical composition of Cinnamomum camphora leaves collected from Algeria was studied. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of C. camphora, collected from Skikda (North Eastern Algeria), was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil showed the presence of 17 major compounds representing 93.57% of total essential oil and the major compounds were camphor (36.81%), α-Pinene (9.91%), D-Limonene (8.63%) and Camphene (6.99%).","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8829
S. Shabana, R. V. Bhargavi, A. Satya
Marine fungi are well-known for producing structurally distinct secondary metabolites, making them potential sources of novel therapies. The present investigation aims to study the in vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential of intra-cellular crude ethyl acetate extracts of Talaromyces tratensis SS10. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies of various solvent extracts of T. tratensis have been carried out using standard protocols. Later, ethyl acetate extract of T. tratensis was analyzed for phytochemicals using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, the antioxidant properties of the T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract have been done by Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Further, the anticancer potential of this extract has been carried out by MTT assay against human cancer cells such as MDA MB 231, HeLa, and HT-29. Ethyl acetate exhibited a higher yield of chemical extraction than the other solvents used. The GCMS analysis of T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract revealed major phytoconstituents such as N-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-2,2,3-trimethylaziridine-1-carboxamide, 1-Undecanol, 5,5 Dimethyl-3-vinyl cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methyl propyl) ester. T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract showed the highest percentage of Fe3+ reduction (48.093±1.469%) at 120 μg/mL, with an IC50 value of 157.26 μg/mL concentration. Furthermore, 100 μg/mL of the extract showed significant cell death rates in cytotoxic assays, indicating a low percentage of viable cells for all three examined cell lines. The T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract has shown a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer cell lines. The better IC50 value (6.25 μg/mL) was recorded in the case of HeLa cell lines followed by 12.5 μg/mL for both MDA MB 231 and HT-29 cell lines. The presence of bioactive compounds such as Benzeneethanamine, N-[(pentafluorophenyl)methylene]-beta.,3,4-tris[(trimethylsilyl) oxy]-, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, and cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- may have contributed to the ethyl acetate extracts’ strong antioxidant and anticancer properties. The current study’s findings show that T. tratensis SS10 has the potential for drug development due to its chemical constituents, which possess various biological activities.
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential of intra-cellular ethyl acetate extract of marine-derived fungus Talaromyces tratensis SS10","authors":"S. Shabana, R. V. Bhargavi, A. Satya","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8829","url":null,"abstract":"Marine fungi are well-known for producing structurally distinct secondary metabolites, making them potential sources of novel therapies. The present investigation aims to study the in vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential of intra-cellular crude ethyl acetate extracts of Talaromyces tratensis SS10. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies of various solvent extracts of T. tratensis have been carried out using standard protocols. Later, ethyl acetate extract of T. tratensis was analyzed for phytochemicals using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, the antioxidant properties of the T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract have been done by Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Further, the anticancer potential of this extract has been carried out by MTT assay against human cancer cells such as MDA MB 231, HeLa, and HT-29. Ethyl acetate exhibited a higher yield of chemical extraction than the other solvents used. The GCMS analysis of T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract revealed major phytoconstituents such as N-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-2,2,3-trimethylaziridine-1-carboxamide, 1-Undecanol, 5,5 Dimethyl-3-vinyl cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methyl propyl) ester. T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract showed the highest percentage of Fe3+ reduction (48.093±1.469%) at 120 μg/mL, with an IC50 value of 157.26 μg/mL concentration. Furthermore, 100 μg/mL of the extract showed significant cell death rates in cytotoxic assays, indicating a low percentage of viable cells for all three examined cell lines. The T. tratensis ethyl acetate extract has shown a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer cell lines. The better IC50 value (6.25 μg/mL) was recorded in the case of HeLa cell lines followed by 12.5 μg/mL for both MDA MB 231 and HT-29 cell lines. The presence of bioactive compounds such as Benzeneethanamine, N-[(pentafluorophenyl)methylene]-beta.,3,4-tris[(trimethylsilyl) oxy]-, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, and cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- may have contributed to the ethyl acetate extracts’ strong antioxidant and anticancer properties. The current study’s findings show that T. tratensis SS10 has the potential for drug development due to its chemical constituents, which possess various biological activities.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8631
D. Torruco, M. A. González-Solis
In the summer of 2018, a field trip to the five sandy cays on the leeward edge of the Alacranes reef was made: Pájaros Island, Chica Island, Pérez Island, Muertos or Desertora Island and Desterrada Island. The total area recorded for the 5 islands is 530,407 m2, representing 1.7% of the reef area. In the keys, an extensive collection of macroalgae was carried out in the supralittoral zone (0-80 cm), mesolittoral (81-140 cm), and beginning of the infralittoral zone (150-330 cm). All keys have a maximum height of 3-4 m. A total of 175 species, 4 growth forms, 8 varieties, and one subspecies were recorded. The sandy cays of this reef have been recognized as important nesting areas for turtles and seabirds, hence the importance of their description for their conservation. To try to understand its dynamics, the database obtained was subjected to a divisive classification analysis considering 19 attributes including substrate, protection, reproductive status, and depth. The system reached a total diversity of 425.99 beles Ind-1. The analysis presents that depth and substrate are mainly responsible for the largest drops in information in the system. The spatial analysis given by a biplot analysis shows an ecotonal continuum from the center of origin to the right, influenced by the substrate and by wave protection. This analysis gives an explained variance of 60.03% in the first three components. The high diversity of flora recorded in this work can be an important support for protecting and conserving the reef.
{"title":"Macroalgae of the sandy cays of Alacranes Reef: Gulf of Mexico","authors":"D. Torruco, M. A. González-Solis","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8631","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 2018, a field trip to the five sandy cays on the leeward edge of the Alacranes reef was made: Pájaros Island, Chica Island, Pérez Island, Muertos or Desertora Island and Desterrada Island. The total area recorded for the 5 islands is 530,407 m2, representing 1.7% of the reef area. In the keys, an extensive collection of macroalgae was carried out in the supralittoral zone (0-80 cm), mesolittoral (81-140 cm), and beginning of the infralittoral zone (150-330 cm). All keys have a maximum height of 3-4 m. A total of 175 species, 4 growth forms, 8 varieties, and one subspecies were recorded. The sandy cays of this reef have been recognized as important nesting areas for turtles and seabirds, hence the importance of their description for their conservation. To try to understand its dynamics, the database obtained was subjected to a divisive classification analysis considering 19 attributes including substrate, protection, reproductive status, and depth. The system reached a total diversity of 425.99 beles Ind-1. The analysis presents that depth and substrate are mainly responsible for the largest drops in information in the system. The spatial analysis given by a biplot analysis shows an ecotonal continuum from the center of origin to the right, influenced by the substrate and by wave protection. This analysis gives an explained variance of 60.03% in the first three components. The high diversity of flora recorded in this work can be an important support for protecting and conserving the reef.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8774
Guo Peng, Yang Ming Xiu, Li Yun Peng, Haseeb Younis, Ni Zhe, Xu Xiao Feng, Liu Qing Ran, Xiong Tian Liang, Zhang Jun Hua
Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most destructive pathogens which causes rice seedling blight. ABA is part of a large signaling system that provides an effective system against microbial and environmental manipulations. The role of ABA in plant defense mechanisms is not clear. In this experiment, we prove the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in boosting rice plant resistance against F. oxysporum and optimizing ABA concentrations against F. oxysporum. This study is divided into two experiments. In the first experiment, we used various ABA concentrations of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.25 mmol/L under F. oxysporum stress. In the second experiment, we use Fluridone FLD as an ABA inhibitor with the following treatments, (F) is only applied with F. oxysporum (ABA+F), abscisic acid with F. oxysporum (ABAI+F), ABA inhibitor Fluridone with F. oxysporum (ABAI), where only ABA inhibitor Fluridone was applied and CK was used as a control. The results revealed that all the plants treated with ABA exhibit better performance against F. oxysporum, except those treated without ABA. ABA concentrations of 0.2 mmol/L effectively decreased the disease index and disease incidence rate as well as improved the quality of seedlings. ABA effectively increased the activity of defense-related enzymes like PPO, POD, PAL and SOD. ABA also lowers down the MDA content which proves its effectiveness against F. oxysporum. ABA resistance was also proved by plants treated with the abscisic acid inhibitor ABAI (Fluridone FLD). The ABA inhibitor reduced the rice resistance to F. oxysporum, by conforming the expression of defense-related genes PRB1-3, PRBI-2 and Xa39(t). These gene expressions indicate the involvement of ABA in plant defense system.
镰刀菌是导致水稻秧苗枯萎病的最具破坏性的病原体之一。ABA 是一个大型信号系统的一部分，它提供了一个有效的系统来对抗微生物和环境的操纵。ABA 在植物防御机制中的作用尚不清楚。在本实验中，我们证明了脱落酸（ABA）在增强水稻植株对牛孢子菌的抗性以及优化 ABA 浓度对牛孢子菌的作用。本研究分为两个实验。在第一个实验中，我们使用了不同浓度的 ABA（0.0、0.05、0.1、0.2 和 0.25 mmol/L）来应对 F. oxysporum 胁迫。在第二项实验中，我们使用氟啶酮 FLD 作为 ABA 抑制剂，并进行了以下处理：（F）只与 F. oxysporum（ABA+F）一起施用、脱落酸与 F. oxysporum（ABAI+F）一起施用、ABA 抑制剂氟啶酮与 F. oxysporum（ABAI）一起施用，其中只施用 ABA 抑制剂氟啶酮，CK 作为对照。结果表明，除未使用 ABA 的植物外，所有使用 ABA 的植物对 F. oxysporum 的抗性都更好。浓度为 0.2 mmol/L 的 ABA 能有效降低病害指数和病害发生率，并改善秧苗质量。ABA 能有效提高 PPO、POD、PAL 和 SOD 等防御相关酶的活性。ABA 还能降低 MDA 含量，这证明了它对 F. oxysporum 的有效性。用脱落酸抑制剂 ABAI（氟利酮 FLD）处理的植物也证明了 ABA 的抗性。ABA 抑制剂通过抑制防御相关基因 PRB1-3、PRBI-2 和 Xa39(t) 的表达，降低了水稻对 F. oxysporum 的抗性。这些基因的表达表明 ABA 参与了植物防御系统。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8762
Indra Sen Singh, Derrick Sitali Kwalyambumu
Pseudolachnostylis maproneifolia is a popular medicinal plant, particularly revered in the eastern province of Zambia, especially within Petauke District. Despite its widespread application in traditional medicine, the chemical composition of this plant has not been studied so far. Consequently, there was a pressing need to investigate the medicinal potential of its leaf extract. This study was carried out through preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract. The phytochemical profile revealed various secondary metabolites endowed with antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidative properties. To quantify its medicinal potential, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The methanolic extract exhibited a TFC of 157.20 mg QE/g and a TPC of 63.75 mg GAE/g, with an IC50 value of 45.57 μg/mL, signifying a strong antioxidant capability. Notably, the IC50 value of the standard (ascorbic acid) was 23.19 μg/mL. Further analysis involved quantifying the mineral elements crucial for treating anemia, such as iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. AAS based analysis revealed concentrations of these elements to be relatively higher, indicating their suitability for treating anemia. Complementing these findings, in silico molecular analysis and ADMET analysis of five selected phytochemicals, along with a reference cancer drug, yielded promising results such as a highest binding energy of -9.01 Kcal/mol, high gastrointestinal absorption and the lowest inhibition constant of 249.88 nM. These outcomes strongly advocate for subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies on these molecules, supporting their importance as potential drug candidates for cancer drug development.
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Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8456
Subana Suyambumani, Jeevan Pandiyan, Ling Shing Wong, S. Djearamane, M. Mathanmohun, Suresh Sagadevan
Herbal medications have high demand in both advanced and budding nations because of their increased bioavailability and minimal side effects. In the present study, the ethanolic and acetone extracts from Bauhinia tomentosa leaf were investigated for their antibacterial potential against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Candida albicans). Phytochemical examination revealed the presence of diverse secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins in leaf extracts. GC-MS analysis detected 15 chemical constituents in the extracts, with the major compounds such as 2-Phenyl-1-3- Oxazol, Caryophyllne, dodecanoic acid, d-glycero-d-galacto-haptose, Phytol, Tetradecanoic acid, 1-Hexacosanol, Isophytol, Oleic acid, 7H-Purine-2-amine,7-methyl, and eicosane. Antibiotics study have been used to explore drug resistance in pathogens. These extracts exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. The acetone displayed higher antibacterial activity than the ethanol extract, which could be attributed to the efficiency of the solvent extract in extracting the bioactive compounds. The findings of this study offer valuable information regarding the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of B. tomentosa leaf extract. The bioactive compounds identified through GC-MS analysis may be responsible for the observed antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the leaf extracts were non-toxic, and their potent antibacterial effects may be attributed to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents. Future studies may contribute to the development of B. tomentosa based antimicrobial agents with potential therapeutic applications.
草药因其生物利用度高、副作用小，在先进国家和新兴国家都有很高的需求量。本研究调查了洋紫荆叶的乙醇提取物和丙酮提取物对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）、革兰氏阴性菌（肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌）和酵母菌（白色念珠菌）的抗菌潜力。植物化学检查显示，叶提取物中存在多种次生代谢物，如黄酮类、生物碱、酚类化合物、单宁和皂苷。气相色谱-质谱分析在提取物中检测到 15 种化学成分，主要化合物有 2-苯基-1-3-噁唑、茶碱、十二酸、d-甘油-d-半乳巯基、植物醇、十四酸、1-二十六烷醇、异植物醇、油酸、7H-嘌呤-2-胺、7-甲基和二十烷。抗生素研究已被用于探索病原体的耐药性。这些提取物对受试细菌菌株具有浓度依赖性抗菌活性。丙酮提取物的抗菌活性高于乙醇提取物，这可能是由于溶剂提取物在提取生物活性化合物时效率较高。本研究结果为研究 B. tomentosa 叶提取物的植物化学成分和抗菌潜力提供了宝贵的信息。通过 GC-MS 分析确定的生物活性化合物可能是观察到的抗菌活性的原因。此外，叶提取物是无毒的，其强大的抗菌效果可能归功于生物活性植物成分的存在。未来的研究可能有助于开发基于 B. tomentosa 的具有潜在治疗用途的抗菌剂。
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial potential of Bauhinia tomentosa leaf extracts","authors":"Subana Suyambumani, Jeevan Pandiyan, Ling Shing Wong, S. Djearamane, M. Mathanmohun, Suresh Sagadevan","doi":"10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2024.v16.8456","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medications have high demand in both advanced and budding nations because of their increased bioavailability and minimal side effects. In the present study, the ethanolic and acetone extracts from Bauhinia tomentosa leaf were investigated for their antibacterial potential against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Candida albicans). Phytochemical examination revealed the presence of diverse secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins in leaf extracts. GC-MS analysis detected 15 chemical constituents in the extracts, with the major compounds such as 2-Phenyl-1-3- Oxazol, Caryophyllne, dodecanoic acid, d-glycero-d-galacto-haptose, Phytol, Tetradecanoic acid, 1-Hexacosanol, Isophytol, Oleic acid, 7H-Purine-2-amine,7-methyl, and eicosane. Antibiotics study have been used to explore drug resistance in pathogens. These extracts exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. The acetone displayed higher antibacterial activity than the ethanol extract, which could be attributed to the efficiency of the solvent extract in extracting the bioactive compounds. The findings of this study offer valuable information regarding the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of B. tomentosa leaf extract. The bioactive compounds identified through GC-MS analysis may be responsible for the observed antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the leaf extracts were non-toxic, and their potent antibacterial effects may be attributed to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents. Future studies may contribute to the development of B. tomentosa based antimicrobial agents with potential therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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