Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8255
M. Mosupiemang, V. Emongor, Goitseone Malambane, Renameditswe Mapitse
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a crop that is drought tolerant and grown in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) for its commercial utility as vegetable oil, animal feed, cut flower, leafy vegetable, pharmaceuticals, foods colorant, textile dye, cosmetics, and biofuel production. These important attributes make safflower an ideal crop to diversify the economy and improve the socioeconomic status of many smallholder farmers in ASALs. This study evaluated the growth, development, and yield of five safflower genotypes in three different locations in the southern part of Botswana under farmers’ fields during winter and summer. The results showed that there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotypic variability for all phenological development (days to emergence, stem elongation, and flowering), plant growth (plant height and shoot biomass), the yield and yield components (number of branches/plant, number of capitula/plant and 1000-seed weight), oil content and oil yield. However, genotypes did not vary significantly (P ≥ 0.05) in number of primary branches/plant. The results showed that winter planting significantly (P ≤ 0.05) promoted safflower growth and yield than planting in summer. The growth, development, yield, and yield components of safflower genotypes varied across locations with Ramonaka being the most favorable. The GGE biplot revealed that genotype Kenya-9819 was found to be the most stable and adaptable with above-average yields. Sebele winter planting was the best representative environment and most suitable for discriminating genotype performance. The genotype by yield*trait combination (GYT) biplot revealed that genotypes ranked as Kenya9819 > Turkey > Sina > PI537636 > Gila. The results suggested that safflower was best planted in winter and that Kenya9819 was the best genotype to be planted in the greater Gaborone region.
{"title":"Growth, development and yield of safflower genotypes in response to environmental variations","authors":"M. Mosupiemang, V. Emongor, Goitseone Malambane, Renameditswe Mapitse","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8255","url":null,"abstract":"Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a crop that is drought tolerant and grown in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) for its commercial utility as vegetable oil, animal feed, cut flower, leafy vegetable, pharmaceuticals, foods colorant, textile dye, cosmetics, and biofuel production. These important attributes make safflower an ideal crop to diversify the economy and improve the socioeconomic status of many smallholder farmers in ASALs. This study evaluated the growth, development, and yield of five safflower genotypes in three different locations in the southern part of Botswana under farmers’ fields during winter and summer. The results showed that there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotypic variability for all phenological development (days to emergence, stem elongation, and flowering), plant growth (plant height and shoot biomass), the yield and yield components (number of branches/plant, number of capitula/plant and 1000-seed weight), oil content and oil yield. However, genotypes did not vary significantly (P ≥ 0.05) in number of primary branches/plant. The results showed that winter planting significantly (P ≤ 0.05) promoted safflower growth and yield than planting in summer. The growth, development, yield, and yield components of safflower genotypes varied across locations with Ramonaka being the most favorable. The GGE biplot revealed that genotype Kenya-9819 was found to be the most stable and adaptable with above-average yields. Sebele winter planting was the best representative environment and most suitable for discriminating genotype performance. The genotype by yield*trait combination (GYT) biplot revealed that genotypes ranked as Kenya9819 > Turkey > Sina > PI537636 > Gila. The results suggested that safflower was best planted in winter and that Kenya9819 was the best genotype to be planted in the greater Gaborone region.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8685
Hae-Ri Kwon, Haeng-Hoon Kim, Minsol Choi, B. V. Nguyen, Kihyun Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park
Hairy roots produce various bioactive chemical compounds than wild-type roots which offer a promising in vitro approach for synthesizing important nutraceutical compounds. The purpose of this study is to increase the production of flavone compounds in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis by the addition of elicitors such as cytokinins and yeast extract. Cytokinins such as kinetin (KIN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were utilized at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, whereas for yeast extract treatment 50, 100, and 150 mg/L concentrations were added to the ½ SH medium. Effects of elicitors were measured in terms of dry biomass and flavone contents (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest dry weight was achieved in the control hairy root than that of all cytokinins-treated hairy root cultures. In all the cytokinin-treated hairy root cultures, as the concentration increased the dry weight of the hairy root decreased. In contrast, in all the yeast extract-treated hairy root cultures as the concentration increases the dry weight of the hairy root increased, whereas the highest dry weight was achieved in 150 mg/L of yeast extract. Moving to the flavone content, baicalin was detected highest content in all the hairy root cultures supplied with cytokinin and yeast extract. The highest total flavone content was achieved in the hairy root culture treated with 1.0 mg/L of TDZ and 50 mg/L of yeast extract. This result might help the commercial agronomic sector by facilitating the in vitro mass production of nutraceuticals using S. baicalensis hairy root cultures.
与野生型根相比，毛状根能产生各种生物活性化学物质，这为体外合成重要的营养保健化合物提供了一种很有前景的方法。本研究的目的是通过添加细胞分裂素和酵母提取物等诱导剂来提高黄芩毛根培养物中黄酮类化合物的产量。细胞分裂素如酮素（KIN）、6-苄基氨基嘌呤（BAP）和噻虫嗪（TDZ）的浓度分别为 0.1、0.5 和 1.0 毫克/升，而酵母提取物处理的浓度为 50、100 和 150 毫克/升，添加到 ½ SH 培养基中。使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了诱导剂对干生物量和黄酮含量（黄芩苷、黄芩素和黄酮苷）的影响。与所有细胞分裂素处理过的毛细根相比，对照毛细根的干重最高。在所有细胞分裂素处理的毛细根培养物中，随着浓度的增加，毛细根的干重下降。相反，在所有酵母提取物处理的毛细根培养物中，随着浓度的增加，毛细根的干重增加，而在酵母提取物浓度为 150 毫克/升时，毛细根的干重最高。在黄酮含量方面，所有使用细胞分裂素和酵母提取物的毛细根培养物中黄芩苷的含量最高。用 1.0 毫克/升 TDZ 和 50 毫克/升酵母提取物处理的毛根培养物中总黄酮含量最高。这一结果可能有助于商业农艺部门利用黄芩毛根培养物体外大规模生产营养保健品。
{"title":"Influence of cytokinins and yeast extract on growth and flavone production in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis","authors":"Hae-Ri Kwon, Haeng-Hoon Kim, Minsol Choi, B. V. Nguyen, Kihyun Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8685","url":null,"abstract":"Hairy roots produce various bioactive chemical compounds than wild-type roots which offer a promising in vitro approach for synthesizing important nutraceutical compounds. The purpose of this study is to increase the production of flavone compounds in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis by the addition of elicitors such as cytokinins and yeast extract. Cytokinins such as kinetin (KIN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were utilized at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, whereas for yeast extract treatment 50, 100, and 150 mg/L concentrations were added to the ½ SH medium. Effects of elicitors were measured in terms of dry biomass and flavone contents (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest dry weight was achieved in the control hairy root than that of all cytokinins-treated hairy root cultures. In all the cytokinin-treated hairy root cultures, as the concentration increased the dry weight of the hairy root decreased. In contrast, in all the yeast extract-treated hairy root cultures as the concentration increases the dry weight of the hairy root increased, whereas the highest dry weight was achieved in 150 mg/L of yeast extract. Moving to the flavone content, baicalin was detected highest content in all the hairy root cultures supplied with cytokinin and yeast extract. The highest total flavone content was achieved in the hairy root culture treated with 1.0 mg/L of TDZ and 50 mg/L of yeast extract. This result might help the commercial agronomic sector by facilitating the in vitro mass production of nutraceuticals using S. baicalensis hairy root cultures.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"100 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8423
Aishatu Haruna
The increasing demand for organic agricultural products especially among the elite stimulated the search for safe and alternative means of crown rot disease control. Morinda citrifolia is one of the listed medicinal plants among the Polynesian countries. This study documented the phytochemical profile of M. citrifolia using GC-MS and their antifungal activities against crown rot pathogens. The key phytochemical constituents of the extract were Phytol 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Diterpene) (25.96%), Squalene (Triterpene) (15.13%), 1, 3-Propanediol (Polyphenol) (4.68%), Pyran-4-one 4H-, 9 (Flavonoid), and 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol (Vitamins) (5.14%), 2-Cyclohexan-1-one, (Phenol) (2.54%). Fungal pathogens; Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum asianum and Fussarium Longipes isolated from crown rot infected banana fruits during earlier studies were used in this experiment. The poisoned food technique method was adopted in evaluating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extract against the fungal isolates. Results indicated significantly high fungal growth inhibition (P< 0.05) in concentration dependent manner on amended PDA media. 100% pathogen radial growth inhibition in all isolates was recorded at 100 mg/mL concentration. Therefore, findings of this study suggest application of leaf extract of M. citrifolia is a potential safe and alternative control of banana crown rot.
{"title":"GC-MS profiling and antifungal activities of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract against fungal pathogens of crown rot disease of banana","authors":"Aishatu Haruna","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8423","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for organic agricultural products especially among the elite stimulated the search for safe and alternative means of crown rot disease control. Morinda citrifolia is one of the listed medicinal plants among the Polynesian countries. This study documented the phytochemical profile of M. citrifolia using GC-MS and their antifungal activities against crown rot pathogens. The key phytochemical constituents of the extract were Phytol 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Diterpene) (25.96%), Squalene (Triterpene) (15.13%), 1, 3-Propanediol (Polyphenol) (4.68%), Pyran-4-one 4H-, 9 (Flavonoid), and 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol (Vitamins) (5.14%), 2-Cyclohexan-1-one, (Phenol) (2.54%). Fungal pathogens; Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum asianum and Fussarium Longipes isolated from crown rot infected banana fruits during earlier studies were used in this experiment. The poisoned food technique method was adopted in evaluating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extract against the fungal isolates. Results indicated significantly high fungal growth inhibition (P< 0.05) in concentration dependent manner on amended PDA media. 100% pathogen radial growth inhibition in all isolates was recorded at 100 mg/mL concentration. Therefore, findings of this study suggest application of leaf extract of M. citrifolia is a potential safe and alternative control of banana crown rot.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"115 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8608
C. Abikkumar, N. Senthil, B. Mohanapriya, G. Parathasarathi, S. Sivakumar, K. Gurusamy, M. Sudha
The 14 biometrical traits of sweet corn were studied in BC2F2 and BC2F3 generations of SCM-Se-Y-1 x UMI 1230β+ to analyse the mean performance and frequency distribution patterns to select potential individuals with high yielding agronomic traits. The mean, GCV, PCV, heritability, and GAM were calculated for all the recorded traits. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed the strong and positive association of cob weight with cob length, number of kernels in a row and number of kernel rows per cob. Similarly, single plant yield shows positive correlation with number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per cob, cob length and cob weight. The populations exhibit high PCV than the GCV, which reflects the direct influence of environments on trait performance. The BC2F2 generation exhibits greater trait variability, while BC2F3 shows signs of stabilization. Both generations display high heritability, indicating strong genetic influences for yield related traits. Heritability and GAM for the trait cob weight and single plant yield were higher, which gives added advantage for isolating the superior individual. The results of this study suggest that the selection of agronomical traits to enhance yield in sweet corn is of utmost importance due to its far-reaching economic, nutritional, and environmental implications.
对cm - se - y -1 x UMI 1230β+的BC2F2和BC2F3代甜玉米的14个生物特征进行了研究，分析了平均表现和频率分布模式，以筛选具有高产农艺性状的潜在个体。意味着,GCV PCV、遗传和GAM计算的所有记录特征。培生相关系数显示，穗重与穗长、单行粒数和每穗粒行数呈正相关。单株产量与每行粒数、每芯粒行数、芯长、芯重呈显著正相关。人群表现出高PCV比GCV对特征性能反映了环境的直接影响。BC2F2代表现出更大的性状变异，而BC2F3代表现出稳定的迹象。两代均表现出较高的遗传力，表明对产量相关性状的遗传影响较大。该性状的穗轴重和单株产量的遗传率和GAM均较高，这为分离优良个体提供了额外的优势。本研究结果表明，选择提高甜玉米产量的农艺性状至关重要，因为它具有深远的经济、营养和环境意义。
{"title":"Correlation and variability analysis for yield and related traits of sweet corn in backcross populations","authors":"C. Abikkumar, N. Senthil, B. Mohanapriya, G. Parathasarathi, S. Sivakumar, K. Gurusamy, M. Sudha","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8608","url":null,"abstract":"The 14 biometrical traits of sweet corn were studied in BC2F2 and BC2F3 generations of SCM-Se-Y-1 x UMI 1230β+ to analyse the mean performance and frequency distribution patterns to select potential individuals with high yielding agronomic traits. The mean, GCV, PCV, heritability, and GAM were calculated for all the recorded traits. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed the strong and positive association of cob weight with cob length, number of kernels in a row and number of kernel rows per cob. Similarly, single plant yield shows positive correlation with number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per cob, cob length and cob weight. The populations exhibit high PCV than the GCV, which reflects the direct influence of environments on trait performance. The BC2F2 generation exhibits greater trait variability, while BC2F3 shows signs of stabilization. Both generations display high heritability, indicating strong genetic influences for yield related traits. Heritability and GAM for the trait cob weight and single plant yield were higher, which gives added advantage for isolating the superior individual. The results of this study suggest that the selection of agronomical traits to enhance yield in sweet corn is of utmost importance due to its far-reaching economic, nutritional, and environmental implications.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"42 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of combining the application of recently introduced blended fertilizer with Rhizobium inoculation on chickpea nodulation and productivity are not being studied in Halaba special woreda. Hence, the application of blended fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation for chickpea production under rain-fed conditions at Halaba Special District, Southern Ethiopia is crucial. Factorial combination of eight fertilizers (Control, NP, NPS, NPSB, NPSB+K, NPS+Zn, NPSB+Zn and NPSB+K+Zn) and inoculation and without inoculation of rhizobium biofertilizer was used as an experimental factor laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fertilizer application significantly influenced crop phenology, nodulation, growth parameters, yield and yield components, except number of seeds pod-1 and harvest index. Maximum days to 50% flowering (48.33) and 95% physiological maturity (112.3) were obtained on NPSB+K and without fertilizer treatment respectively. The Highest number of nodules (23.25), nodules dry weight (0.13 g), number of branches plant-1 (17.64) and plant height (43.34 cm) were recorded on NPSB, NPSB+K+Zn, NPSB+Zn and NPS+Zn respectively. Similarly, the higher number of pods plant-1(61.6), and hundred seed weight (28.0 g) were observed for blended fertilizer treatments of NPSB+K and NPS+Zn respectively. Maximum grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) was obtained for blended fertilizer of NPSB+K application with an increment 57.9% over control treatment. Rhizobium inoculation increased the number of nodules plant-1 (23.29), nodules dry weight (0.11 g), number of branches plant-1 (17.70), number of pods plant-1 (59), number of seeds pod-1 (1.17) and hundred seed weight (27.7 g). Maximum grain yield (1.84 ton ha-1) was recorded on rhizobium inoculated and it increased chickpea grain yield by 33.3% over uninoculated. Regarding the economic feasibility of fertilizers greater net benefits with acceptable MRR 1802, 866 and 257 were recorded for blended fertilizers of NPS, NPS+Zn and NPSB, respectively. Given the fact that the three fertilizers had statistically similar grain yields, the blended fertilizer NPS is a better choice among the three alternatives. Similarly, a higher net benefit with acceptable MRR (4189%) was recorded for Rhizobium inoculation. Therefore, blended fertilizer; NPS and Rhizobium inoculation were found to be relevant and recommended for chickpea production in the study area.
新引进的混交肥与接种根瘤菌对鹰嘴豆结瘤和产量的影响，目前尚未在哈拉巴特种田进行研究。因此，在埃塞俄比亚南部哈拉巴特区雨养条件下，施用混合肥料和接种根瘤菌对鹰嘴豆生产至关重要。以8种肥料(对照、NP、NPS、NPSB、NPSB+K、NPS+Zn、NPSB+Zn和NPSB+K+Zn)和接种和不接种根瘤菌生物肥料为试验因素，采用3个重复的随机完全区组设计。施肥对作物物候、结瘤、生长参数、产量及产量构成要素均有显著影响，但对籽粒数、收获指数有显著影响。NPSB+K处理和不施肥处理分别达到50%开花天数(48.33天)和95%生理成熟天数(112.3天)。NPSB、NPSB+K+Zn、NPSB+Zn和NPS+Zn处理的根瘤数(23.25)、根瘤干重(0.13 g)、分枝数(17.64)和株高(43.34 cm)最高。NPSB+K和NPS+Zn混合施肥处理的荚果数(plant-1)和百粒重(28.0 g)均较高。氮磷钾配施籽粒产量最高(1.85 t hm -1)，比对照增产57.9%。接种根瘤菌使鹰嘴豆结瘤数(23.29)、结瘤干重(0.11 g)、分枝数(17.70)、结荚数(59)、结粒数(1.17)、百粒重(27.7 g)增加，籽粒产量达到最高(1.84吨/公顷)，比未接种的鹰嘴豆增产33.3%。在肥料经济可行性方面，NPS、NPS+Zn和NPSB混合肥料净效益较高，MRR分别为1802、866和257，均可接受。考虑到三种肥料在统计上具有相似的粮食产量，混合肥料NPS是三种替代方案中更好的选择。同样，接种根瘤菌的净效益更高，MRR可接受(4189%)。因此，混合肥料;研究发现NPS和根瘤菌接种对研究区鹰嘴豆生产具有相关性，并推荐使用。
{"title":"Combined application of macro and micro nutrients and Rhizobium inoculation to nodulation and yield response of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) at Halaba Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Meklit Tilahun, Walelign Worku, Semira Mohammed, Tatek Tamiru, Girma Wolde, Gashaw Nahusenay","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8480","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of combining the application of recently introduced blended fertilizer with Rhizobium inoculation on chickpea nodulation and productivity are not being studied in Halaba special woreda. Hence, the application of blended fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation for chickpea production under rain-fed conditions at Halaba Special District, Southern Ethiopia is crucial. Factorial combination of eight fertilizers (Control, NP, NPS, NPSB, NPSB+K, NPS+Zn, NPSB+Zn and NPSB+K+Zn) and inoculation and without inoculation of rhizobium biofertilizer was used as an experimental factor laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fertilizer application significantly influenced crop phenology, nodulation, growth parameters, yield and yield components, except number of seeds pod-1 and harvest index. Maximum days to 50% flowering (48.33) and 95% physiological maturity (112.3) were obtained on NPSB+K and without fertilizer treatment respectively. The Highest number of nodules (23.25), nodules dry weight (0.13 g), number of branches plant-1 (17.64) and plant height (43.34 cm) were recorded on NPSB, NPSB+K+Zn, NPSB+Zn and NPS+Zn respectively. Similarly, the higher number of pods plant-1(61.6), and hundred seed weight (28.0 g) were observed for blended fertilizer treatments of NPSB+K and NPS+Zn respectively. Maximum grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) was obtained for blended fertilizer of NPSB+K application with an increment 57.9% over control treatment. Rhizobium inoculation increased the number of nodules plant-1 (23.29), nodules dry weight (0.11 g), number of branches plant-1 (17.70), number of pods plant-1 (59), number of seeds pod-1 (1.17) and hundred seed weight (27.7 g). Maximum grain yield (1.84 ton ha-1) was recorded on rhizobium inoculated and it increased chickpea grain yield by 33.3% over uninoculated. Regarding the economic feasibility of fertilizers greater net benefits with acceptable MRR 1802, 866 and 257 were recorded for blended fertilizers of NPS, NPS+Zn and NPSB, respectively. Given the fact that the three fertilizers had statistically similar grain yields, the blended fertilizer NPS is a better choice among the three alternatives. Similarly, a higher net benefit with acceptable MRR (4189%) was recorded for Rhizobium inoculation. Therefore, blended fertilizer; NPS and Rhizobium inoculation were found to be relevant and recommended for chickpea production in the study area.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8583
Infant Richard Joseph Louis, Mohanapriya Balamurugan, Meenakshi Periasamy, Karthikeyan Adhimoolam, Vaithiyalingan Mallaian, Saranya Nallusamy, Senthil Natesan
Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is a traditional millet crop extensively cultivated in Asia, particularly India and Africa. The crop is grown in adverse environmental conditions and resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the grains are prized for their higher nutritional value than major cereals. In the present study, biochemical components and antioxidant activity were examined in grains of four kodo millet cultivars and compared with rice. Results showed that four kodo millet cultivars had higher amylose content (14.8-29.66%), protein (7.1-9.7%), polyphenol (446.29-553.07 mg GAE/100 g), and elevated antioxidant activity (44.29-87.5 inhibition %) than rice cultivars. Also, we obtained a strong positive correlation between starch, amylose, protein content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC). Notably, among the kodo millet cultivars, ATL 1 and CO 3 exhibited high amylose, protein, antioxidants, and phenolic content levels. Collectively, the information obtained in our study provides useful information to improve the targeted traits in kodo millet breeding programs.
{"title":"Revealing the biochemical profile and antioxidant activity of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.)","authors":"Infant Richard Joseph Louis, Mohanapriya Balamurugan, Meenakshi Periasamy, Karthikeyan Adhimoolam, Vaithiyalingan Mallaian, Saranya Nallusamy, Senthil Natesan","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8583","url":null,"abstract":"Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is a traditional millet crop extensively cultivated in Asia, particularly India and Africa. The crop is grown in adverse environmental conditions and resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the grains are prized for their higher nutritional value than major cereals. In the present study, biochemical components and antioxidant activity were examined in grains of four kodo millet cultivars and compared with rice. Results showed that four kodo millet cultivars had higher amylose content (14.8-29.66%), protein (7.1-9.7%), polyphenol (446.29-553.07 mg GAE/100 g), and elevated antioxidant activity (44.29-87.5 inhibition %) than rice cultivars. Also, we obtained a strong positive correlation between starch, amylose, protein content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC). Notably, among the kodo millet cultivars, ATL 1 and CO 3 exhibited high amylose, protein, antioxidants, and phenolic content levels. Collectively, the information obtained in our study provides useful information to improve the targeted traits in kodo millet breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8599
G. Sivaneshwaran, Valarpriya Mariappan, Ravi Subban
The extraction of compounds from Centella asiatica a member of the family Apiaceae by adopting Ultrasound assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction were reported. The yield of the extract, phenol content, antioxidant activity and Acetylcholine esterase activity were found to be more in the extract obtained by Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction method. The yield of the extract is more by 30.8% to the UAE and MAE methods. The phenol content is 1289 ± 0.57 μg GAE/mL which is 27% higher than the MAE method and 46% higher than the UAE method. HPLC analysis showed that the C. asiatica extract comprised of Madecassoside in major quantity followed by madecassic acid, asiatic acid and asiaticoside. In the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and AChE inhibitory effect the IC50, value for C. asiatica extract obtained by UAE pre-treated and followed by MAE method is 38.24 μg mL−1 and 26.7±0.49 mg/mL respectively which are substantially higher than the other two methods. So, Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction method is found to be a preferable method to get the desired compounds from C. asiatica.
{"title":"Antioxidant and acetylcholine esterase inhibition activity of the extract from Centella asiatica obtained by Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction method","authors":"G. Sivaneshwaran, Valarpriya Mariappan, Ravi Subban","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8599","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of compounds from Centella asiatica a member of the family Apiaceae by adopting Ultrasound assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction were reported. The yield of the extract, phenol content, antioxidant activity and Acetylcholine esterase activity were found to be more in the extract obtained by Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction method. The yield of the extract is more by 30.8% to the UAE and MAE methods. The phenol content is 1289 ± 0.57 μg GAE/mL which is 27% higher than the MAE method and 46% higher than the UAE method. HPLC analysis showed that the C. asiatica extract comprised of Madecassoside in major quantity followed by madecassic acid, asiatic acid and asiaticoside. In the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and AChE inhibitory effect the IC50, value for C. asiatica extract obtained by UAE pre-treated and followed by MAE method is 38.24 μg mL−1 and 26.7±0.49 mg/mL respectively which are substantially higher than the other two methods. So, Ultrasound pre-treatment followed by Microwave-assisted extraction method is found to be a preferable method to get the desired compounds from C. asiatica.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8572
C. Monisha, N. Senthil, K. N. Ganesan, S. Vellaikumar, S. Geethanjali, B. Mohanapriya
The present study was carried out to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as percent of mean, correlation, skewness, and kurtosis of the backcross population BC2F2 derived from the cross SCM-Se-Sh-2 × DBT 17. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for cob girth, number of kernels per row, cob weight, 100 grain weight and single plant yield, suggesting additive gene action and selection of progenies based on this trait will result in higher genetic gain. Association studies showed that single plant yield was positively correlated with all yield attributes, viz., cob weight, number of kernels per row, 100 grain weight and plant height. These results depicted that cob weight, numbers of kernels per row and 100 grain weight may be used as reliable criteria for improving grain yield. Single plant yield, 100 grain weight, cob weight and plant height showed positive skewness and platykurtic distribution. This indicates that traits are governed by a large number of genes, and most of the genes exhibited complementary gene action, suggesting rigorous selection to achieve genetic gain. Overall, it is seen that this population has potential for yield improvement with enriched beta-carotene content.
本研究研究了由sm - se - sh -2 × DBT 17杂交而成的回交群体BC2F2的遗传变异、遗传力、遗传超前率、相关、偏度和峰度。穗轴周长、行粒数、穗轴重、百粒重和单株产量具有较高的遗传力和遗传进阶性，说明以该性状为基础的加性基因作用和后代选择具有较高的遗传增益。相关研究表明，单株产量与穗轴重、行粒数、百粒重、株高等产量性状均呈正相关。结果表明，穗重、行粒数和百粒重可作为提高籽粒产量的可靠指标。单株产量、百粒重、穗轴重和株高呈正偏态和斜峰形分布。这表明性状是由大量基因控制的，大多数基因表现出互补的基因作用，表明通过严格的选择来实现遗传增益。综上所述，该种群具有提高β -胡萝卜素含量的产量潜力。
{"title":"Genetic variability and correlation studies of yield and yield related attributes in BC2F2 population of sweet corn","authors":"C. Monisha, N. Senthil, K. N. Ganesan, S. Vellaikumar, S. Geethanjali, B. Mohanapriya","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8572","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as percent of mean, correlation, skewness, and kurtosis of the backcross population BC2F2 derived from the cross SCM-Se-Sh-2 × DBT 17. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for cob girth, number of kernels per row, cob weight, 100 grain weight and single plant yield, suggesting additive gene action and selection of progenies based on this trait will result in higher genetic gain. Association studies showed that single plant yield was positively correlated with all yield attributes, viz., cob weight, number of kernels per row, 100 grain weight and plant height. These results depicted that cob weight, numbers of kernels per row and 100 grain weight may be used as reliable criteria for improving grain yield. Single plant yield, 100 grain weight, cob weight and plant height showed positive skewness and platykurtic distribution. This indicates that traits are governed by a large number of genes, and most of the genes exhibited complementary gene action, suggesting rigorous selection to achieve genetic gain. Overall, it is seen that this population has potential for yield improvement with enriched beta-carotene content.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8545
Mikaela Yakira M. Aureada, Jo Dexter R. Duran, Stephanie Rafaelle A. Falcatan, Kirsten Marla T. Pornillos, Mary Angela G. Villanueva, Jorge Anton D. Ordas, Mario A. Tan
The genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) possesses various biological properties, ranging from phytochemical and pharmacological properties of their chemical constituents to traditional medical applications. Most Psychotria species remain unstudied despite high diversity and endemism in the Philippines. Hence, this study investigates the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Psychotria gitingensis and Psychotria pilosella methanolic crude extracts, evaluates their antioxidant properties, and assesses their antibacterial properties. Results revealed that P. gitingensis fruit extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (254.45 ± 6.63 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid content (9.85 ± 0.49 mg QE/g). In addition, it also displayed the highest antioxidant activity (0.993 ± 0.041 mg/mg) in the ABTS assay. P. pilosella leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (70.53% ± 1.50), and P. gitingensis leaf extract showed the highest iron-reducing antioxidant power (86.06% ± 0.73) in FRAP. Paper disk diffusion tests, however, did not exhibit activity against selected nosocomial pathogens. The results of this study contribute to expanding the field of knowledge on alternative treatments and paving the way for the development of new medicinal products.
{"title":"Correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents on the antioxidant activity of Psychotria gitingensis and Psychotria pilosella","authors":"Mikaela Yakira M. Aureada, Jo Dexter R. Duran, Stephanie Rafaelle A. Falcatan, Kirsten Marla T. Pornillos, Mary Angela G. Villanueva, Jorge Anton D. Ordas, Mario A. Tan","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8545","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) possesses various biological properties, ranging from phytochemical and pharmacological properties of their chemical constituents to traditional medical applications. Most Psychotria species remain unstudied despite high diversity and endemism in the Philippines. Hence, this study investigates the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Psychotria gitingensis and Psychotria pilosella methanolic crude extracts, evaluates their antioxidant properties, and assesses their antibacterial properties. Results revealed that P. gitingensis fruit extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (254.45 ± 6.63 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid content (9.85 ± 0.49 mg QE/g). In addition, it also displayed the highest antioxidant activity (0.993 ± 0.041 mg/mg) in the ABTS assay. P. pilosella leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (70.53% ± 1.50), and P. gitingensis leaf extract showed the highest iron-reducing antioxidant power (86.06% ± 0.73) in FRAP. Paper disk diffusion tests, however, did not exhibit activity against selected nosocomial pathogens. The results of this study contribute to expanding the field of knowledge on alternative treatments and paving the way for the development of new medicinal products.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135983770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.25081/jp.2023.v15.7213
A. H. Umar, F. A. Zakry, Mohammad Fitri A. Rahman, Muhammad I. N. H. Mohammad Sazali, Franklin Ragai Kundat, M. Malahubban, M. M. Yusoff, Mohammad Hailmi Sajili
Several decades after the green revolution, the agricultural industry depended on artificial chemical fertilisers to achieve higher crop yields. This practice, however, contributes to a hazardous impact on the farming ecosystem, causing a smaller deposit of arable land for crop cultivation and production worldwide. Since the 2000s, people, industries, and governments are aware that it is time for everyone to shift to new technology which promotes responsible land use for agriculture. One of the technologies is plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance crop productivity and potentially rehabilitate soil health directly or indirectly. This review paper outlines the mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to promote plant growth. The tools could be opening up new ideas to address one of the recent and urgent world agriculture issues, food security.
{"title":"Mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to boost plant growth - A Review","authors":"A. H. Umar, F. A. Zakry, Mohammad Fitri A. Rahman, Muhammad I. N. H. Mohammad Sazali, Franklin Ragai Kundat, M. Malahubban, M. M. Yusoff, Mohammad Hailmi Sajili","doi":"10.25081/jp.2023.v15.7213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.7213","url":null,"abstract":"Several decades after the green revolution, the agricultural industry depended on artificial chemical fertilisers to achieve higher crop yields. This practice, however, contributes to a hazardous impact on the farming ecosystem, causing a smaller deposit of arable land for crop cultivation and production worldwide. Since the 2000s, people, industries, and governments are aware that it is time for everyone to shift to new technology which promotes responsible land use for agriculture. One of the technologies is plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance crop productivity and potentially rehabilitate soil health directly or indirectly. This review paper outlines the mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to promote plant growth. The tools could be opening up new ideas to address one of the recent and urgent world agriculture issues, food security.","PeriodicalId":16777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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