Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.21.9.E142
A. Safar
{"title":"A Short Note on Pigmentation that Commonly Occurs in Plants","authors":"A. Safar","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.21.9.E142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.21.9.E142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"112 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85099201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.249
Buttibwa M Kawuki Rs, B. Oshaba, M. Eyokia, C. Hershey, Perera Pip, E. Heberle‐Bors, Y. Baguma, A. Tugume
Microspore embryogenesis is the developmental plasticity of juvenile male gametophytes to switch from pollen to embryo development upon exposure to in vitro stress. It is a common method for obtaining haploid and doubled haploid plants in breeding programs for development of superior varieties via haploid-diploidization which allows fast development of homozygous lines from heterozygous parents. In cassava, obtaining haploidization through traditional methods of successive selfing is difficult because of cassava’s long reproductive cycle, high heterozygosity, and inbreeding depression. As a first step towards microspore embryogenesis, callus induction following heat treatment has not been investigated in cassava. We used two elite Ugandan cassava varieties, hereafter called “genotypes”, NASE3 and NASE14, for the study of callus induction. Heat stress of 40°C for 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24hrs and Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2-9% sucrose, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid were used. Heating anthers of NASE3 at 40°C for 6 hrs resulted in a significantly higher percentage of callus induction on MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose. Callus emerged from inside of the anthers with production influenced by genotype, sucrose concentration, anther density and duration in culture (P≤0.001). Limited in vitro callus differentiation was observed on auxin-and cytokinin-supplemented media. In both genotypes, embryo genic callus was obtained in liquid medium, while green callus was achieved on solid medium. This is a significant step upstream of double haploid plant production pathway in cassava: rigorous optimization of protocols downstream of callus induction are needed for regeneration of microspore-derived embryos and haploid plants.
{"title":"In vitro Culture of Heat-treated Anthers Induces Embryogenic Callus in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","authors":"Buttibwa M Kawuki Rs, B. Oshaba, M. Eyokia, C. Hershey, Perera Pip, E. Heberle‐Bors, Y. Baguma, A. Tugume","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.249","url":null,"abstract":"Microspore embryogenesis is the developmental plasticity of juvenile male gametophytes to switch from pollen to embryo development upon exposure to in vitro stress. It is a common method for obtaining haploid and doubled haploid plants in breeding programs for development of superior varieties via haploid-diploidization which allows fast development of homozygous lines from heterozygous parents. In cassava, obtaining haploidization through traditional methods of successive selfing is difficult because of cassava’s long reproductive cycle, high heterozygosity, and inbreeding depression. As a first step towards microspore embryogenesis, callus induction following heat treatment has not been investigated in cassava. We used two elite Ugandan cassava varieties, hereafter called “genotypes”, NASE3 and NASE14, for the study of callus induction. Heat stress of 40°C for 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24hrs and Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2-9% sucrose, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid were used. Heating anthers of NASE3 at 40°C for 6 hrs resulted in a significantly higher percentage of callus induction on MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose. Callus emerged from inside of the anthers with production influenced by genotype, sucrose concentration, anther density and duration in culture (P≤0.001). Limited in vitro callus differentiation was observed on auxin-and cytokinin-supplemented media. In both genotypes, embryo genic callus was obtained in liquid medium, while green callus was achieved on solid medium. This is a significant step upstream of double haploid plant production pathway in cassava: rigorous optimization of protocols downstream of callus induction are needed for regeneration of microspore-derived embryos and haploid plants.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83402071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.250
E. Ebner
The ultra-weak radiation from living cells has an influence on the cell renewal in tissue association. Here, the energy of electromagnetic wave from infrared range to UV-light plays a special role. The characteristics of the physical properties of water at the interface of hydrophilic surfaces, the so-called Exclusion Zones, indicate that an energy reserve is formed in this region. There is an energy input that results in an energy output in the direction of the biological material. These two observations the ultra-weak radiation from living cells and the physics of Exclusion Zones, lead to the conclusion that this is a physically energetic process that is formulated as a hypothesis to trigger germination.
{"title":"Consideration for Initial Pulse of Germination","authors":"E. Ebner","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.250","url":null,"abstract":"The ultra-weak radiation from living cells has an influence on the cell renewal in tissue association. Here, the energy of electromagnetic wave from infrared range to UV-light plays a special role. The characteristics of the physical properties of water at the interface of hydrophilic surfaces, the so-called Exclusion Zones, indicate that an energy reserve is formed in this region. There is an energy input that results in an energy output in the direction of the biological material. These two observations the ultra-weak radiation from living cells and the physics of Exclusion Zones, lead to the conclusion that this is a physically energetic process that is formulated as a hypothesis to trigger germination.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89163844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.245
B. Saleh, H. Sulaiman, E. Alshehada
Correlation between two phytohormone Abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and transcript pattern of VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2, VvCBF4 and VvOSM1 genes involved in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) adaptation against 2 dS/m seawater treatment for 1,3 and 5 days exposure has been assessed in Baladi and Halawani cultivars and B41 rootstock grapevine. Data revealed that VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely related with activation of ABA level in Halawani cv. Whereas, VvABF1 and VvAREB2 transcript patterns were closely related with activation of ABA level in Baladi cv. While, VvNHX1, VvABF1 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely related with activation of ABA level in B41 rootstock. Indeed, VvOSM1 transcript pattern was closely related with ABA level in B41 rootstock. As for SA, VvNHX1 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely related with SA level in Baladi cv. Whereas, VvAREB2 and VvABF1 transcript pattern was closely related with activation of SA level in B41 rootstock. While, VvOSM1 transcript pattern was closely related with activation of SA level in Halawani cv. However, its transcript pattern was inversely related with SA level in Baladi cv. Thereby, the current investigation suggests that transcript pattern of some genes were closely related with activation of ABA or SA or the both together; indicating that these genes could implicated in phytohormones pathway mediates salt tolerance in grapevines.
{"title":"Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Salicylic Acid (SA) Content in Relation to Transcriptional Patterns in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under Salt Stress","authors":"B. Saleh, H. Sulaiman, E. Alshehada","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.245","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation between two phytohormone Abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and transcript pattern of VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2, VvCBF4 and VvOSM1 genes involved in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) adaptation against 2 dS/m seawater treatment for 1,3 and 5 days exposure has been assessed in Baladi and Halawani cultivars and B41 rootstock grapevine. Data revealed that VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely related with activation of ABA level in Halawani cv. Whereas, VvABF1 and VvAREB2 transcript patterns were closely related with activation of ABA level in Baladi cv. While, VvNHX1, VvABF1 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely related with activation of ABA level in B41 rootstock. Indeed, VvOSM1 transcript pattern was closely related with ABA level in B41 rootstock. As for SA, VvNHX1 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely related with SA level in Baladi cv. Whereas, VvAREB2 and VvABF1 transcript pattern was closely related with activation of SA level in B41 rootstock. While, VvOSM1 transcript pattern was closely related with activation of SA level in Halawani cv. However, its transcript pattern was inversely related with SA level in Baladi cv. Thereby, the current investigation suggests that transcript pattern of some genes were closely related with activation of ABA or SA or the both together; indicating that these genes could implicated in phytohormones pathway mediates salt tolerance in grapevines.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82400079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.252
Nadeem-Ullah, W. Ashraf, Shafiq-Ur-Rehman, Qurat-ul-ain
The present study described the effect of waste water used for irrigation purpose on the anatomical characters of plants. This waste water comprises of municipal, industrial and dairy waste containing organic matter, Ca++, Mg++, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. Anatomy of four wild plants i.e. Trianthema portulacastrum L., Amaranthes viridis L., Portulaca oleracea L. and Persicaria barbata L. was studied. It was found that Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. were directly affected and the size of vascular tissues and cortex reduced many times as compared to control, while on the other hand Amaranthes viridis L. and Persicaria berbata L. showed high growth than control.
本文研究了灌溉废水对植物解剖性状的影响。这种废水包括城市、工业和乳制品废物，含有有机物、钙、镁、氮、磷和钾。对马齿苋(Trianthema portulacastrum L.)、苋菜(Amaranthes viridis L.)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)和木犀草(pericaria barbata L.) 4种野生植物进行了解剖研究。结果发现，马齿苋和马齿苋受到直接影响，其维管组织和皮层的大小比对照减小了许多倍，而苋菜和马齿苋的生长速度比对照快。
{"title":"Anatomical Study of Four Wild Plant Species Growing Along Contaminated Water Channel in Khokhar Town, Bund Road, Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Nadeem-Ullah, W. Ashraf, Shafiq-Ur-Rehman, Qurat-ul-ain","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.252","url":null,"abstract":"The present study described the effect of waste water used for irrigation purpose on the anatomical characters of plants. This waste water comprises of municipal, industrial and dairy waste containing organic matter, Ca++, Mg++, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. Anatomy of four wild plants i.e. Trianthema portulacastrum L., Amaranthes viridis L., Portulaca oleracea L. and Persicaria barbata L. was studied. It was found that Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. were directly affected and the size of vascular tissues and cortex reduced many times as compared to control, while on the other hand Amaranthes viridis L. and Persicaria berbata L. showed high growth than control.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79597980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fruits of winter squash (Cucurbita moschata D.) are important sources of bioactive components such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The seed oil of C. moschata has a high content of unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, associated with high levels of antioxidant components, making its use promising for human consumption. In this review, we address the genetic variability expressed by the germplasm of C. moschata, the nutritional aspects of fruit pulp and seed oil, emphasizing the importance of this vegetable in human feeding.
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.253
J. Hannan, Prawej Ansari, H. Bakshi, M. Shahriar, S. Azam, Hakkim L. Faruck, Msk, Choudhuri
Anemia is common nutritional disorder and it affects one third of population around the globe. Assessing nutritional status of human is an inevitable process to lead a healthy life. Females are affected significantly by anemia compare to male. According to WHO report, developing herbs-based formulation to treat anemic patients is safe and less toxic. In this study a double-blind, cross group comparative clinical trial of Nabayas Louha (NBL) a Ayurvedic haematinic preparation with G-Iron Folic Acid (IFA) was undertaken on 66 female anemic volunteers with age between 20-30 years. It was seen that NBL after being administered at a daily dose of 500 mg for 30 days significantly increased the hemoglobin content of the treated volunteers. It produced an increase in serum iron content and decreases total iron binding capacity. The ESR level was also decreased. These effects of NBL were found to be comparable with IFA. There was a marked decrease in WBC count noticed, however statistically significant increase in the lymphocytes count was seen. Furthermore, the level of toxicity related enzymes SGOT and SGPT was not altered significantly in the NBL treated group which vividly confirm that supplementation of NBL is not toxic. In conclusion, these findings recommend use of NBL as supplement in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and WBC disorders Keywords: Anemia; Ayurvedic; Haematinic; Nabayas louha Abbreviations: World health organization (WHO); Nabayas louha (NBL); Iron folic acid (IFA); Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); White blood cell (WBC); Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT); serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT); Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT); Total iron binding capacity (TIBC); Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
{"title":"Comparative Clinical Study of Nabayas Louha: An Ayurvedic HaematinicPreparation and a Conventional Iron Preparation in Female Anemic Patients","authors":"J. Hannan, Prawej Ansari, H. Bakshi, M. Shahriar, S. Azam, Hakkim L. Faruck, Msk, Choudhuri","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.253","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is common nutritional disorder and it affects one third of population around the globe. Assessing nutritional status of human is an inevitable process to lead a healthy life. Females are affected significantly by anemia compare to male. According to WHO report, developing herbs-based formulation to treat anemic patients is safe and less toxic. In this study a double-blind, cross group comparative clinical trial of Nabayas Louha (NBL) a Ayurvedic haematinic preparation with G-Iron Folic Acid (IFA) was undertaken on 66 female anemic volunteers with age between 20-30 years. It was seen that NBL after being administered at a daily dose of 500 mg for 30 days significantly increased the hemoglobin content of the treated volunteers. It produced an increase in serum iron content and decreases total iron binding capacity. The ESR level was also decreased. These effects of NBL were found to be comparable with IFA. There was a marked decrease in WBC count noticed, however statistically significant increase in the lymphocytes count was seen. Furthermore, the level of toxicity related enzymes SGOT and SGPT was not altered significantly in the NBL treated group which vividly confirm that supplementation of NBL is not toxic. In conclusion, these findings recommend use of NBL as supplement in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and WBC disorders Keywords: Anemia; Ayurvedic; Haematinic; Nabayas louha Abbreviations: World health organization (WHO); Nabayas louha (NBL); Iron folic acid (IFA); Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); White blood cell (WBC); Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT); serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT); Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT); Total iron binding capacity (TIBC); Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73721841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.E132
B. Inal
The first article is by Saleh B et al [1]. Correlation between 2 plant hormone Abscisic acid (ABA) and hydroxy acid (SA) accumulation and transcript pattern of VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2, VvCBF4 and VvOSM1 genes concerned in grapevine (Vitis vinifera grape L.) adaptation against a pair of dS/m brine treatment for one,3 and five days exposure has been assessed in Baladi and Halawani cultivars and B41 rootstock grapevine. information discovered that VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely connected with activation of ABA level in Halawani cv. Whereas, VvABF1 and VvAREB2 transcript patterns were closely connected with activation of ABA level in Baladi cv. While, VvNHX1, VvABF1 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely connected with activation of ABA level in B41 rootstock.
{"title":"Development of Plant Research","authors":"B. Inal","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.E132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.E132","url":null,"abstract":"The first article is by Saleh B et al [1]. Correlation between 2 plant hormone Abscisic acid (ABA) and hydroxy acid (SA) accumulation and transcript pattern of VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2, VvCBF4 and VvOSM1 genes concerned in grapevine (Vitis vinifera grape L.) adaptation against a pair of dS/m brine treatment for one,3 and five days exposure has been assessed in Baladi and Halawani cultivars and B41 rootstock grapevine. information discovered that VvNHX1, VvABF1, VvAREB2 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely connected with activation of ABA level in Halawani cv. Whereas, VvABF1 and VvAREB2 transcript patterns were closely connected with activation of ABA level in Baladi cv. While, VvNHX1, VvABF1 and VvCBF4 transcript patterns were closely connected with activation of ABA level in B41 rootstock.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79440535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.251
Stadnichuk In
Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic antenna pigments of cyanobacteria and red algae, where they are assembled in macromolecular supercomplexes of phycobilisomes (PBS)s, as well as of cryptophyte algae, where they exist in the form of dimers. The absorbed light energy transfer from phycobiliprotein antenna to the photosystem II (PS II) is well known since the first studies in this field and is highly effective reaching 95-100%. However, interaction of phycobiliproteins with the photosystem I (PS I) is subject for discussion. Here, various data on energetic coupling of PBSs and phycobiliproteins with the PS II and PS I in photosynthetic organisms are discussed.
{"title":"Role of Phycobiliprotein Antenna of Cyanobacteria, Red and Cryptophyte Algae in Association with Photosystems I and II","authors":"Stadnichuk In","doi":"10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-9029.20.8.251","url":null,"abstract":"Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic antenna pigments of cyanobacteria and red algae, where they are assembled in macromolecular supercomplexes of phycobilisomes (PBS)s, as well as of cryptophyte algae, where they exist in the form of dimers. The absorbed light energy transfer from phycobiliprotein antenna to the photosystem II (PS II) is well known since the first studies in this field and is highly effective reaching 95-100%. However, interaction of phycobiliproteins with the photosystem I (PS I) is subject for discussion. Here, various data on energetic coupling of PBSs and phycobiliproteins with the PS II and PS I in photosynthetic organisms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82468779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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