Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000191
J. A. Cardoso, K. Odokonyero, I. Rao, J. Jiménez, T. Acuña
Brachiaria species have the ability to suppress nitrification in soil by releasing an inhibitory compound called ‘brachialactone’ from its roots; a process termed biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). This study tested the hypothesis that endophytic association with Brachiaria grass improves BNI activity of root tissues and reduces nitrification in Brachiaria-cultivated soil. Four cultivars of Brachiaria [i.e., B. decumbens (Basilisk), B. humidicola (Tully), B. brizantha (Marandu)], and one hybrid (Cayman) were evaluated for their BNI potentials under greenhouse and field conditions. In each experiment, plants were grown with (E+) and without (E-) endophyte inoculation, and harvested after eight months of growth. Root tissues and rhizosphere soil were taken from 0-30 cm depth and analyzed for BNI activity and nitrification, using bioluminescence assays and soil incubation, respectively. In the greenhouse experiment, endophyte association reduced BNI activity of root tissues in at least two cultivars (Basilisk and Marandu; by 13% and 6%, respectively); and this corresponded with 9% and 10% higher rates of nitrification (for Basilisk and Marandu, respectively) in soils grown with endophyte-infected plants than in the control. Under field conditions, endophyte association increased rates of nitrification in Marandu and Cayman by a similar magnitude of 12%, compared with endophyte-free control. In both experiments, Tully and Basilisk were essentially the most outstanding candidates for low-nitrifying forage systems, as shown by their high BNI activity and/or low rates of nitrification. The study also showed that cultivating soils with Brachiaria grasses could offer more agronomic and environmental benefits due to low N loss through nitrification than leaving the soils bare. However, further research to identify endophyte species that could suppress soil nitrifying microbes may enhance BNI process in Brachiaria.
{"title":"Potential role of fungal endophytes in biological nitrification inhibition in Brachiaria grass species","authors":"J. A. Cardoso, K. Odokonyero, I. Rao, J. Jiménez, T. Acuña","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"Brachiaria species have the ability to suppress nitrification in soil by releasing an inhibitory compound called ‘brachialactone’ from its roots; a process termed biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). This study tested the hypothesis that endophytic association with Brachiaria grass improves BNI activity of root tissues and reduces nitrification in Brachiaria-cultivated soil. Four cultivars of Brachiaria [i.e., B. decumbens (Basilisk), B. humidicola (Tully), B. brizantha (Marandu)], and one hybrid (Cayman) were evaluated for their BNI potentials under greenhouse and field conditions. In each experiment, plants were grown with (E+) and without (E-) endophyte inoculation, and harvested after eight months of growth. Root tissues and rhizosphere soil were taken from 0-30 cm depth and analyzed for BNI activity and nitrification, using bioluminescence assays and soil incubation, respectively. In the greenhouse experiment, endophyte association reduced BNI activity of root tissues in at least two cultivars (Basilisk and Marandu; by 13% and 6%, respectively); and this corresponded with 9% and 10% higher rates of nitrification (for Basilisk and Marandu, respectively) in soils grown with endophyte-infected plants than in the control. Under field conditions, endophyte association increased rates of nitrification in Marandu and Cayman by a similar magnitude of 12%, compared with endophyte-free control. In both experiments, Tully and Basilisk were essentially the most outstanding candidates for low-nitrifying forage systems, as shown by their high BNI activity and/or low rates of nitrification. The study also showed that cultivating soils with Brachiaria grasses could offer more agronomic and environmental benefits due to low N loss through nitrification than leaving the soils bare. However, further research to identify endophyte species that could suppress soil nitrifying microbes may enhance BNI process in Brachiaria.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80901566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-24DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000190
K. Odokonyero, T. Acuña, J. A. Cardoso, J. Jiménez, I. Rao
A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture in Colombia to evaluate effects of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium implicatum, on growth and physiological responses of five Brachiaria cultivars. Plants were grown under well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions, with (E+) and without (E-) endophyte; and their morpho-physiological responses were determined. Significant two-way and three-way interactions produced variable effects on leaf area, number of tillers, shoot elongation, shoot biomass, total root diameter, diameter of cortex, area of stele and diameter of xylem vessel. Main effect of endophyte significantly increased leaf stomatal conductance and reduced diameter of xylem. Smaller leaf area was found in endophyte-infected than control plants of three cultivars, both under WW and DS conditions, which indicates a cost of endophyte infection to the host cultivars. Large root diameter and area of stele under WW conditions, as well as small diameter of xylem vessels in some cultivars suggests that endophyte may improve efficiency for water uptake and use under different water regimes. Less Root Cortical Aerenchyma (RCA) was observed in endophyte-infected plants of Tully and Cayman than the control, which may influence plant capacity for resource acquisition in Brachiaria. Genotype-specific variation among hosts generally segregated the cultivars in terms of their shoot and root responses, based on presence (E+) or absence (E-) of endophyte. However, future studies should examine how association of A. implicatum with Brachiaria grass affects capacity for water uptake and carbon accumulation, and the role of RCA in these processes.
{"title":"Effect of endophyte association with Brachiaria species on shoot and root morpho-physiological responses under drought stress","authors":"K. Odokonyero, T. Acuña, J. A. Cardoso, J. Jiménez, I. Rao","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture in Colombia to evaluate effects of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium implicatum, on growth and physiological responses of five Brachiaria cultivars. Plants were grown under well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions, with (E+) and without (E-) endophyte; and their morpho-physiological responses were determined. Significant two-way and three-way interactions produced variable effects on leaf area, number of tillers, shoot elongation, shoot biomass, total root diameter, diameter of cortex, area of stele and diameter of xylem vessel. Main effect of endophyte significantly increased leaf stomatal conductance and reduced diameter of xylem. Smaller leaf area was found in endophyte-infected than control plants of three cultivars, both under WW and DS conditions, which indicates a cost of endophyte infection to the host cultivars. Large root diameter and area of stele under WW conditions, as well as small diameter of xylem vessels in some cultivars suggests that endophyte may improve efficiency for water uptake and use under different water regimes. Less Root Cortical Aerenchyma (RCA) was observed in endophyte-infected plants of Tully and Cayman than the control, which may influence plant capacity for resource acquisition in Brachiaria. Genotype-specific variation among hosts generally segregated the cultivars in terms of their shoot and root responses, based on presence (E+) or absence (E-) of endophyte. However, future studies should examine how association of A. implicatum with Brachiaria grass affects capacity for water uptake and carbon accumulation, and the role of RCA in these processes.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83814773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-19DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000189
Jehad Shaikhali, N. Rouhier, Arnaud Hecker, K. Brännström, G. Wingsle
The Mediator is a multi-protein complex that plays a key role in modulating gene expression. Our previous studies suggested that the MED10a, MED28, MED32 complex subunits could be subject to redox regulation. In this study we tested the capacity of different thioredoxins (TRXs) from poplar (TRX-H3 and TRX-H5) and Arabidopsis thaliana (TPR repeat-containing thioredoxin, TDX) as well as glutaredoxins (GRXs) from poplar (GRX-C3 and GRX-C4) to reduce MED28 oligomers in vitro and found that these proteins were less efficient than the the previously tested poplar TRX-H1 and Arabidopsis GRX-C1. Concerning the susceptibility of MED28 to oxidation, both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) are efficiently mediating the formation of intermolecular disulfides. In fact, MED28 forms homo- oligomers in vivo as assessed by yeast two-hybrid experiments but also in vitro in solution as shown by size-exclusion chromatography, the latter also demonstrated the formation of noncovalent homo-oligomers. These findings suggest that both the redox-dependent and - independent MED28 oligomerization could regulate its biological activities, could it be linked or not to the Mediator. In particular, it would be important to assess MED28 oligomerization state during senescence considering the previously observed phenotype of med28 plants.
{"title":"Covalent and Non-Covalent Associations Mediate MED28 Homo-Oligomerization","authors":"Jehad Shaikhali, N. Rouhier, Arnaud Hecker, K. Brännström, G. Wingsle","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediator is a multi-protein complex that plays a key role in modulating gene expression. Our previous studies suggested that the MED10a, MED28, MED32 complex subunits could be subject to redox regulation. In this study we tested the capacity of different thioredoxins (TRXs) from poplar (TRX-H3 and TRX-H5) and Arabidopsis thaliana (TPR repeat-containing thioredoxin, TDX) as well as glutaredoxins (GRXs) from poplar (GRX-C3 and GRX-C4) to reduce MED28 oligomers in vitro and found that these proteins were less efficient than the the previously tested poplar TRX-H1 and Arabidopsis GRX-C1. Concerning the susceptibility of MED28 to oxidation, both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) are efficiently mediating the formation of intermolecular disulfides. In fact, MED28 forms homo- oligomers in vivo as assessed by yeast two-hybrid experiments but also in vitro in solution as shown by size-exclusion chromatography, the latter also demonstrated the formation of noncovalent homo-oligomers. These findings suggest that both the redox-dependent and - independent MED28 oligomerization could regulate its biological activities, could it be linked or not to the Mediator. In particular, it would be important to assess MED28 oligomerization state during senescence considering the previously observed phenotype of med28 plants.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83293058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-15DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000186
Y. W. Seifu
Butter head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a leafy vegetable commonly used in salads is characterized by its ability to accumulate high level of nitrate. Accumulation of nitrate in the edible part of the plant causes nitrate toxicity. Indeed, use of artificial light during storage, exploring new approach to prevent accumulation of nitrate. The objective of this study was to determine how light exposure during storage prevents accumulation of nitrate in butter head lettuce. Minimally processed lettuce in the form of leaf discs were stored in the dark and under fluorescent light at 5, 10 and 15 μmol m-2s-1 at 10°C (95% RH) for 14 days. The light treatments were provided for 12 hour’s photo period. Light exposure during storage significantly prevented nitrate accumulation, delayed degradation of chlorophylls and extends shelf life. In contrast in the darkness, nitrate content was accumulated while chlorophyll level was degraded. The delayed accumulation of nitrate under light can be because of the higher accumulation of soluble sugars, as changes in nitrate level and soluble sugar were found reverse. In conclusion, light exposure in the level applied successfully prevented nitrate accumulation, increasing the level of soluble sugars and delayed loss of chlorophyll pigment.
{"title":"Nitrate Content in Minimally Processed Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) asAffected by Fluorescent Light Exposure During Storage","authors":"Y. W. Seifu","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Butter head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a leafy vegetable commonly used in salads is characterized by its ability to accumulate high level of nitrate. Accumulation of nitrate in the edible part of the plant causes nitrate toxicity. Indeed, use of artificial light during storage, exploring new approach to prevent accumulation of nitrate. The objective of this study was to determine how light exposure during storage prevents accumulation of nitrate in butter head lettuce. Minimally processed lettuce in the form of leaf discs were stored in the dark and under fluorescent light at 5, 10 and 15 μmol m-2s-1 at 10°C (95% RH) for 14 days. The light treatments were provided for 12 hour’s photo period. Light exposure during storage significantly prevented nitrate accumulation, delayed degradation of chlorophylls and extends shelf life. In contrast in the darkness, nitrate content was accumulated while chlorophyll level was degraded. The delayed accumulation of nitrate under light can be because of the higher accumulation of soluble sugars, as changes in nitrate level and soluble sugar were found reverse. In conclusion, light exposure in the level applied successfully prevented nitrate accumulation, increasing the level of soluble sugars and delayed loss of chlorophyll pigment.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83324075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-14DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000185
Kennedy Odokonyero Tina Botwright Acuña, J. A. Cardoso, J. Jiménez, I. Rao, J. Nuñez, J. Arango
Grapevine is one of the most valued and widely cultivated fruit crop worldwide, with their pleasant flavor and valuable health effects. During the consequent ripening at ambient temperature, the volatile compounds of table grape often decreased, to affect their sensory evaluation. The development of new and effective methods to increase the volatile compounds of berries is necessary. Present study was carried out to investigate the pre-harvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the selected volatile compounds and endogenous hormones content from ‘Shine Muscat’ berries pulp. The results indicated that, pre-harvest application of MeJA (0.1 mM or 0.01 mM) on grape berries generally enhanced the production of terpenes, like nerol, linalool, alpha-terpineol; While some C6 compounds were reduced, such as (E)-2-hexenol, hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal. The endogenous hormones like IAA (indole acetic acid), ABA (abscisic acid) and JA (jasmonate acid) content were also changed after MeJA treatment. We also observed that MeJA palys a key role in fruit endogenous hormones level and volatile compounds by increasing the expression level of several related genes, such as aroma-related genes Vvter, Vv-syn and hormone-related genes VvOPR3, VvAuI, VvEth, VvNCED1. We hypothesize that, MeJA as an effective elicitor affects the volatile compounds by altering endogenous hormones level in berries pulp of ‘Shine Muscat’.
{"title":"The Effect of Pre-Harvest Methyl Jasmonate Treatment on the SelectedVolatile Compounds and Endogenous Hormones Contends in the Pulp ofGrape Berries","authors":"Kennedy Odokonyero Tina Botwright Acuña, J. A. Cardoso, J. Jiménez, I. Rao, J. Nuñez, J. Arango","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Grapevine is one of the most valued and widely cultivated fruit crop worldwide, with their pleasant flavor and valuable health effects. During the consequent ripening at ambient temperature, the volatile compounds of table grape often decreased, to affect their sensory evaluation. The development of new and effective methods to increase the volatile compounds of berries is necessary. Present study was carried out to investigate the pre-harvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the selected volatile compounds and endogenous hormones content from ‘Shine Muscat’ berries pulp. The results indicated that, pre-harvest application of MeJA (0.1 mM or 0.01 mM) on grape berries generally enhanced the production of terpenes, like nerol, linalool, alpha-terpineol; While some C6 compounds were reduced, such as (E)-2-hexenol, hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal. The endogenous hormones like IAA (indole acetic acid), ABA (abscisic acid) and JA (jasmonate acid) content were also changed after MeJA treatment. We also observed that MeJA palys a key role in fruit endogenous hormones level and volatile compounds by increasing the expression level of several related genes, such as aroma-related genes Vvter, Vv-syn and hormone-related genes VvOPR3, VvAuI, VvEth, VvNCED1. We hypothesize that, MeJA as an effective elicitor affects the volatile compounds by altering endogenous hormones level in berries pulp of ‘Shine Muscat’.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88585410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-08DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000188
Tariq Pervaiz, A. Lotfi, M. S. Haider, Jiang HaiFang, Jinggui Fang
High throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies were developed into indispensable for genomic investigation and recent hottest topic for research in the field of genomics, which can generate over 100 times more data in comparison with the most complicated capillary sequencers. Recent advances and developments in HTS using next generation sequencing techniques have become essential in the studies of digital gene expression profiling, in epigenomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. These methodologies are dexterous of sequencing multiple DNA molecules in corresponding; facilitate hundreds of millions of DNA molecules to be sequenced within a short period of time. Though, the expenses and time period have been significantly reduced; the inaccurate profiles and boundaries of the new policy differ considerably from those of earlier reported sequencing techniques. The technical developments and decreasing cost of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology have made RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as a worldwide popular technique for gene expression projects. Various approaches have been done for the standardization of RNA sequencing data, which have been materialized in the reports, contradictory, both in the type of bias modification and in the statistical approach. On the other hand, as data persistently build up, there has been no apparent consensus on the proper normalization techniques to be used or the impact of chosen methods on the downstream analysis. In the present article, we mentioned the key features of HT-NGS like, Key HTS platforms and different sequencing applications, ethical limitation and future prospective.
{"title":"High Throughput Sequencing Advances and Future Challenges","authors":"Tariq Pervaiz, A. Lotfi, M. S. Haider, Jiang HaiFang, Jinggui Fang","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"High throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies were developed into indispensable for genomic investigation and recent hottest topic for research in the field of genomics, which can generate over 100 times more data in comparison with the most complicated capillary sequencers. Recent advances and developments in HTS using next generation sequencing techniques have become essential in the studies of digital gene expression profiling, in epigenomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. These methodologies are dexterous of sequencing multiple DNA molecules in corresponding; facilitate hundreds of millions of DNA molecules to be sequenced within a short period of time. Though, the expenses and time period have been significantly reduced; the inaccurate profiles and boundaries of the new policy differ considerably from those of earlier reported sequencing techniques. The technical developments and decreasing cost of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology have made RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as a worldwide popular technique for gene expression projects. Various approaches have been done for the standardization of RNA sequencing data, which have been materialized in the reports, contradictory, both in the type of bias modification and in the statistical approach. On the other hand, as data persistently build up, there has been no apparent consensus on the proper normalization techniques to be used or the impact of chosen methods on the downstream analysis. In the present article, we mentioned the key features of HT-NGS like, Key HTS platforms and different sequencing applications, ethical limitation and future prospective.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76636500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-06DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000187
Tariq Pervaiz, Jiu Songtao, F. Faghihi, M. S. Haider, Jinggui Fang
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds, member of the flavonoid groups of photochemical, involved in defense against the damaging effects of UV irradiation in plants and protect from many oxidants. The anthocyanins, group of pigments are relatively small and diverse flavonoid family in nature, and responsible for the attractive colors, red and purple to blue in many plants. Presence of pigments in flowers and fruits seems to provide attraction for pollination and aiding seed distribution, it also provides antiviral and antimicrobial activities, however their occurrence in the vacuoles remains ambiguous. During the last decades, anthocyanin gene expression and many structural genes encoding enzymes has been extensively studied in fruits, flowers and leaves in many plants. In addition, the genetic regulating mechanism, their biosynthesis and other factors involved are well described. The biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin is a complex with diverse branches responsible to produce variety of metabolites. In general Anthocyanins, production through the flavonoid path, are a class of vital phenolic compounds. Over six thousand diverse anthocyanins have been reported from various species. So far, the potential health benefits of anthocyanins have been reported in the contexts of their antioxidant properties. Anthocyanins are also extensively studied for their several positive effects on body. Based on these facts, the present review briefly summarizes recent advances, highlighting the importance of biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins, thus will serve to encourage advance investigation in this field.
{"title":"Naturally Occurring Anthocyanin, Structure, Functions and BiosyntheticPathway in Fruit Plants","authors":"Tariq Pervaiz, Jiu Songtao, F. Faghihi, M. S. Haider, Jinggui Fang","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds, member of the flavonoid groups of photochemical, involved in defense against the damaging effects of UV irradiation in plants and protect from many oxidants. The anthocyanins, group of pigments are relatively small and diverse flavonoid family in nature, and responsible for the attractive colors, red and purple to blue in many plants. Presence of pigments in flowers and fruits seems to provide attraction for pollination and aiding seed distribution, it also provides antiviral and antimicrobial activities, however their occurrence in the vacuoles remains ambiguous. During the last decades, anthocyanin gene expression and many structural genes encoding enzymes has been extensively studied in fruits, flowers and leaves in many plants. \u0000 \u0000In addition, the genetic regulating mechanism, their biosynthesis and other factors involved are well described. The biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin is a complex with diverse branches responsible to produce variety of metabolites. In general Anthocyanins, production through the flavonoid path, are a class of vital phenolic compounds. Over six thousand diverse anthocyanins have been reported from various species. So far, the potential health benefits of anthocyanins have been reported in the contexts of their antioxidant properties. Anthocyanins are also extensively studied for their several positive effects on body. Based on these facts, the present review briefly summarizes recent advances, highlighting the importance of biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins, thus will serve to encourage advance investigation in this field.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82392512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-28DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000184
Ramamurthy, M. Sathiyadevi
The aim of the study to phytochemical screening was carried out. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents, qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins, gums and mucilage, phytosterols. The result suggest that the phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and posses potential antioxidant and reads to the isolation of new and novel compounds.
{"title":"Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Methanol Extract of Indigoteratrita Linn","authors":"Ramamurthy, M. Sathiyadevi","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study to phytochemical screening was carried out. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents, qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins, gums and mucilage, phytosterols. The result suggest that the phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and posses potential antioxidant and reads to the isolation of new and novel compounds.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90688980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000183
P. Babaji
The experiment was conducted at Ecofrost Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Survey no 134/1, 134/2, 130/3, Jeevan Nagar, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India. In this study, the effects of sucrose and citric acid in holding solution treatments on the post-harvest vase-life of cut spikes of tuberose cv. Bizet were carried out. After 24 hours holding cut ends of tuberose spike in 5% sucrose solution were studied at room conditions, and then sucrose 5% solution treated two spikes were selected for each replication. The ends of 2 cut spikes were treated with the desired concentration of related holding solution treatments each replication-wise before storage. The treatments T2, T3 and T4 treated spikes along with holding storage treatments were kept for 10 days at 40°C and 92.5% RH under mCS of Ecofrost Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Pune. The T1 treated spikes were kept at room condition. The holding solution treatment 2 % sucrose+citric acid 0.2% (T4) resulted in the maximum weight of single cut spike (gm), number of opened flowers (16) per spike, vase life of spike (14.15 days) and the minimum number of unopened flowers (4.32) per spike, in trial under laboratory conditions tuberose cv. Bizet and then followed by sucrose 2% (T1), tap water (T2) and control treatment (tap water) (T3).
{"title":"Evaluations of the Vase-Life of Tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa L.) Cut-Flower Spikes Cv. âBizetâ in Micro-Cold Storage (mCS of EcofrostTechnologies Pvt. Ltd.) and Room Temperature (Rt)","authors":"P. Babaji","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at Ecofrost Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Survey no 134/1, 134/2, 130/3, Jeevan Nagar, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India. In this study, the effects of sucrose and citric acid in holding solution treatments on the post-harvest vase-life of cut spikes of tuberose cv. Bizet were carried out. After 24 hours holding cut ends of tuberose spike in 5% sucrose solution were studied at room conditions, and then sucrose 5% solution treated two spikes were selected for each replication. The ends of 2 cut spikes were treated with the desired concentration of related holding solution treatments each replication-wise before storage. The treatments T2, T3 and T4 treated spikes along with holding storage treatments were kept for 10 days at 40°C and 92.5% RH under mCS of Ecofrost Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Pune. The T1 treated spikes were kept at room condition. The holding solution treatment 2 % sucrose+citric acid 0.2% (T4) resulted in the maximum weight of single cut spike (gm), number of opened flowers (16) per spike, vase life of spike (14.15 days) and the minimum number of unopened flowers (4.32) per spike, in trial under laboratory conditions tuberose cv. Bizet and then followed by sucrose 2% (T1), tap water (T2) and control treatment (tap water) (T3).","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79260123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-17DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000182
Meysam Madadi
Lignocellulose biomass derived from plant cell walls is a rich source of biopolymers for the production of biofuels. Biomass recalcitrance is the noticeable and main features of lignocellulose which can reduces by genetic modification of plant cell wall. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader a new insight for enhancing biomass yield and biofuels production. This can be issued by focusing on major perennial grasses, cereal crops and woody feedstock which have high biomass yield or large biomass residues and also the effects of distinctive cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin) on the enzymatic saccharification of biomass under different pretreatments. Moreover the present review paper will also major gene candidates which are involved plant cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and modification for improving biomass yield and digestibility in transgenic plants and genetic mutants.
{"title":"Advances in Genetic Manipulation of Lignocellulose to Reduce BiomassRecalcitrance and Enhance Biofuel Production in Bioenergy Crops","authors":"Meysam Madadi","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Lignocellulose biomass derived from plant cell walls is a rich source of biopolymers for the production of biofuels. Biomass recalcitrance is the noticeable and main features of lignocellulose which can reduces by genetic modification of plant cell wall. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader a new insight for enhancing biomass yield and biofuels production. This can be issued by focusing on major perennial grasses, cereal crops and woody feedstock which have high biomass yield or large biomass residues and also the effects of distinctive cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin) on the enzymatic saccharification of biomass under different pretreatments. Moreover the present review paper will also major gene candidates which are involved plant cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and modification for improving biomass yield and digestibility in transgenic plants and genetic mutants.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77832413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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