Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Different Pesticides on Chemical, Biochemical and Yield Parameters of Brinjal ( Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"Gaikwad Sb, Chetti Mb, Ji-Peng Di","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000201","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides have become an essential part of agricultural and horticultural practices. There is continuous development of new pesticides to address specific requirement (insect /pest control). New pesticides with specific mode of action, combination to two or more pesticides for enhanced bio-efficacy, new innovation in the field of slow and sustained delivery of chemical are making the pesticides influence positively in growth and development of plant. In present investigation, all four pesticides used at recommended dosage suggested by agricultural experts. These pesticides are most proffered by farmers to control fruit and shoot borer on brinjal. A study on the influence of pesticides persistence on biochemical and yield parameters of brinjal was conducted during kharif and rabi 2013-14 and 14-15 with the objective of physiological responses of different varieties of brinjal (Malapur local-V1, Kalpataru-V2, Manjula-V3, Manjari-V4) sprayed with four different pesticides (thiodicarb-P1, spinosad-P2, profenophos-P3 and chlorantranilliprole-P4). The P0 treatment considered as a non-sprayed control. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The pesticides sprayed at recommended dose (thiodicarb 75WP@1 g-1l, spinosad 45SC@0.1 ml-1l-1l profenophos 50EC@2 ml-1l and chlorantraniliprole 20 SC@0.5 ml-1l) suggested by agricultural experts. Results indicated highly significant differences between the varieties and pesticides treatments at all the stages and in both the seasons. The interaction between the varieties and pesticide treatments was also significant at all the stages. The values of chlorophyll content successive increased from 70 to 90 DAT and decreases from 115 and 125 DAT in both the seasons. The magnesium content in fruits was recorded highest at 90 DAT followed by 80 DAT irrespective of varieties and pesticides. It is clear from the data that Manjar treated with Profenophos indicated maximum magnesium content recorded followed by Manjari treated with chlorantraniliprole compared to other interaction. Total marketable yield noticed maximum in Manjari followed by Manjula and Kalpataru while least was in Malapur local. The profenophos treatments observed with highest marketable yield over the chlorantraniliprole. Spinosad and thiodicarb treatments. Among all the interaction, V4P3 (6.12 kg plant-1) recorded maximum marketable fruit yield and minimum was in untreated Malapur local varity of brinjal interaction. Different varieties of brinjal used in investigation to assess its behavior in regard to find its optimum tolerance limit for healthy growth for maximizing quality production and to minimize the risk of stress created by pesticides in the brinjal during different growing seasons. Lot of work done on plant protection by different agrochemical/pesticides, but this study helpful to know the effects of different pesticides on plant growth and metabolism.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"301 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79585888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Different Macro and Micro Nutrients on the Shoot Multiplication of Centella asiatica","authors":"Krishnan Ml, Arpita Roy, N. Bharadvaja","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000213","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the optimization of adventitious shoots cultures of Centella asiatica for maximum shoot proliferation under the influence of different nutrient manipulation. The effects of nitrogen source (NH4NO3/KNO3), carbon (sucrose), potassium source (KNO3), phosphorous source (KH2PO4), macronutrient (MgSO4) and micronutrient (MnSO4) of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media on shoot growth were investigated and these experiment treatments were supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) plant hormones. The shoot growth was influenced by relative ratio of NH4+:NO3- with maximum shoot number (47.6 ± 1.52) in medium containing 100 mM (40 mM NH4NO3:60 mM KNO3) nitrogen source when NO3- concentration is higher than NH4+ ions. The MS media with 3% sucrose content showed optimum shoot multiplication (36 ± 1), as with increase in carbon concentration in the media, the shoot proliferation was drastically reduced. In case of media with 30% potassium (KNO3) highest number of shoots (31.66 ± 1.52) observed and in case of 150% phosphorous (KH2PO4) highest shoot number (28 ± 1) obtained respectively. The influence of metal ions like Mg2+ and Mn2+ showed maximum number of shoots (31 ± 1) in media with 1.5 mM magnesium (MgSO4) and shoot number (43 ± 2) in 200 μM manganese (MnSO4) respectively.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87486065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional Analysis of VvOSM1 Gene in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) under Salt Stress","authors":"B. Saleh, E. Alshehada","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"Transcriptional response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) VvOSM1 has been investigated in Baladi and Halawani cultivars and B41 rootstock grapevine leaves, under salt stress [(0, 1, 2 and 3 dS/m of sea water (SW)] treatment after 1, 3 and 5 days of exposure. Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) technique has been employed to investigate VvOSM1 gene expression in two cultivars and one rootstock grapevine. Data revealed that the VvOSM1 transcription level increased for the two cultivars as the applied salt concentration increased from 1 to 3 dS/m, and also with salt exposure time from 1 to 5 days; expect for Baladi. Overall, transcript expression was higher in the examined cultivars compared to the B41 rootstock. Whereas, with a prolonged time exposure up to 3 days, VvOSM1 gene showed up-regulation in Halawani cultivar and down-regulation in Baladi cv. and B41 rootstock. Thereby, RT-qPCR technique could be used as a potential tool for VvOSM1 transcriptional response in grapevine breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76506153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Therapeutic Potential of Artemisia nilagirica","authors":"Bedadyuti Mohanty, S. Puri, V. Kesavan","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world of therapy, medicines are in major short of new treatments. It can take many years for a new drug to get through the research and development pipeline to be available in the market and the cost is enormous. And the growing drug resistance caused by the misuse of medications, has rendered several antibiotics and other life-saving drugs useless. Both these trends mean that scientists and pharmaceutical companies are urgently looking for new drug sources and are increasingly turning their eyes to traditional medicine. Major population (80%) in countries of Africa and Asia depends on traditional herbal treatments for their primary health care needs. When adopted outside of its traditional culture, traditional medicine is often called alternative medicine. Artemisia nilagirica which is locally known as ‘Indian wormwood’ belongs to the Asteraceae family and is considered against many ailments as it is possessed to have high content of biologically active molecules and essential oils. The plant has been used since centuries in antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antifilarial, insecticidal, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic activity. This review indicates the collected information on the description of in vitro cultivation, phytochemical constituents and therapeutic potential of A. nilagirica. The pharmacological studies reported in the present review confirms the therapeutic value of A. nilagirica. Presences of wide range of chemical compounds indicate that the plant could serve as a potent material for the development of novel agents having good efficacy in various disorders in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85568878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Discovery of Single-Nucleotide Variations in Cochliobolus sativus Vegetative Compatibility Groups by Ecotilling","authors":"M. Jawhar, Arabi Mie, N. Mirali, Till Bj","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"Cochliobolus sativus, the causal agent of barley spot blotch disease, is able to undergo spontaneous, vegetative cell fusion. In this study, the utility of enzymatic mismatch cleavage for discovery of single-nucleotide variations in Syrian Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) obtained from pairing complementary nit mutants of C. sativus isolates was investigated for the first time. Gene-specific primers were designed from the whole fungal genome for use in the Ecotilling assays on VCGs isolates. Differences of band patterns among the digested products of different isolates were clearly observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, isolates belonging to the same VCG had some different sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Twenty-six putative nucleotide polymorphisms were identified among the C. sativus VCGs. Therefore, the results suggested that this marker type may be informative for confirmation the conventionally determined VCGs by increasing the reliability of heterokaryons group classification.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89198911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on Antioxidant Potential of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids: The Common Phytochemical Ingredients in Plants","authors":"D. Singh, Shaloo Verma, R. Prabha","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"11 4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77825331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Antioxidant Activity in Mimusops elengi","authors":"S. S. Gillani, D. Shahwar","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"Mimusops elengi is an ornamental plant, famous for its fragrant flowers. Its bark and fruit are astringent in nature. The different parts of the plants are frequently used in medicine. The extracts of fruits, bark and leaves were studied presently. The extract of fruit and bark confirmed the presence of both hydrolysable and condensed tannins. The crude and purified fractions of the fruit and bark was subjected to the antioxidant and antifungal activity by using simple Thiocyanate and agar diffusion method respectively. The tannins present in the fruit especially shows marvelous antioxidant activity which was not reported before.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83085477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome P450s: Blueprints for Potential Applications in Plants","authors":"A. Naveed, Haiyan Li, Xiuming Liu","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Cytochrome P450s belong to a particular class of enzymes (Oxygenases) which are extensively distributed in all classes of organisms that attract the interest of scientists worldwide. It has been proved multi-functioned super gene family that sophisticates the biosynthesis of several endogenous molecules and metabolism of discrete pharmacologically important oxymolecules such as Antibiotics, essential secondary metabolites, fatty acid conjugates, signaling molecules, lipid degradation, hormones and many more. In this article, we briefly overviewed the heterogeneous role of the superfamily of Cytochrome P450 based on recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering. The inevitable role of Cytochrome P450s proteins in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites likewise Hormones, Flavonoids, signaling molecules and other important pigments in plants such as anthocyanin, terpenoids and their pharmacological significance are specifically focused. We have predicted the distinctive metabolic networks and molecular characteristics of Safflower genome based on extensive transcriptome analysis from various developmental stages of floral tissues. The presence of repeated sequences, high copy number coding and noncoding RNA sequences and high expression level in the petals provide a gateway to enable the development of all-inclusive gene networks for economic and clinical features of Cytochrome P450 family. The implementation of metabolic engineering in floral pigments and alteration in their biosynthetic pathways can be exploited for a comprehensive understanding of several other pathways which invites new avenues for novel therapeutic blueprints and drug development","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90734023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Mycelia Extract from Trichoderma harzianum for its Antifungal, Insecticidal and Phytotoxic Importance","authors":"S. Begum, M. Iqbal, Z. Iqbal, H. Shah, M. Numan","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"Trichodermaharzianum was cultured on potato dextrose broth media at 20°C in an incubator and mycelial cells were extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain the organic extract for in-vitro bio-activities including antifungal, insecticidal and phytotoxicity. Different strains of fungal pathogens including Aspergillusflavus, Rhizopusstolonifer and Pythiumultimum were used to assess the antifungal potential of T. harzianum extract. The inhibitory effect was found 82% for A. flavus , 77% for P. ultimum and 73% for R. stolonifer when compared with positive and negative control experiments. Aphids (Macrosiphumrosae ) as a test insects were used to perform the insecticidal activity that showed potent activity with LC50 (38.88 µgml-1). The herbicidal potential was evaluated against duck weed (Lemna minor ) which showed that by using very high concentration (1000 µgml-1) only 60% lethality was achieved. This pilot study revealed that the organic extract obtained from T. harzianum contains useful compounds having potential to be utilized in the development of fungicides and pesticides for the improvement of agricultural sector of the country.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88691886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Plant Regeneration of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Variety Inoculated Under Different Levels of Plant Growth Regulators","authors":"Melaku Tesfa, Mebrahtom Ftwi","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000227","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an excellent candidate for mass propagation using tissue culture as seed multiplication using the conventional method is time consuming. The main objective of this study was to optimize an efficient and reliable protocol for direct propagation of sugarcane varieties under in vitro condition. Different levels of BAP along with kinetin were used for shoot proliferation. The proliferated shoots were subjected to MS medium supplemented with different levels of NAA. Results of the present study revealed both the BAP and Kinetin had a synergistic effect and none of them generated the maximum response while separately applied. The maximum number of shoots (10.3 ± 0.31), shoot length (3.77 ± 0.40) and number of leaves (3.87 ± 0.17) were recorded on the MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP and 1.5 mg/L of Kinetin. In the rooting medium, highest rooting frequency (100%), root length (2.21 cm) and number of roots per shoots (20.13) were recorded on the half strength MS semi-solid media fortified with 5 mg/L NAA. The better rooted plantlets were transferred to green house for hardening under pot comprised of sand, soil and farm yard manure in 1:1:1 ratio and 100% of the well rooted plantlets survived under greenhouse conditions.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83346338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}