Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000206
Sengupta S, Nandi I, Bhattacharyya Dk, Ghosh M
Octacosanol, a primary alcohol, was isolated from rice bran wax and characterized by GCMS and XRD techniques, which confirmed the identity and purity of the isolated octacosanol. Five different concentrations of the compound ranging from 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml were prepared in isopropanol. The antioxidant activities of octacosanol were studied at these concentrations for four in vitro assay systems including DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing activity, metal chelation activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Maximum antioxidant potency was displayed at 1.0 mg/ml for all the assays except the metal-chelation assay which demonstrated highest activity at 0.5 mg/ml. Octacosanol also showed anti-bacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis as observed by disc assay against concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. At 2 mg/ml, octacosanol was observed to inhibit microbial activity by gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
{"title":"Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Bacterial Properties of 1-Octacosanol Isolated from Rice Bran Wax","authors":"Sengupta S, Nandi I, Bhattacharyya Dk, Ghosh M","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Octacosanol, a primary alcohol, was isolated from rice bran wax and characterized by GCMS and XRD techniques, which confirmed the identity and purity of the isolated octacosanol. Five different concentrations of the compound ranging from 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml were prepared in isopropanol. The antioxidant activities of octacosanol were studied at these concentrations for four in vitro assay systems including DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing activity, metal chelation activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Maximum antioxidant potency was displayed at 1.0 mg/ml for all the assays except the metal-chelation assay which demonstrated highest activity at 0.5 mg/ml. Octacosanol also showed anti-bacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis as observed by disc assay against concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. At 2 mg/ml, octacosanol was observed to inhibit microbial activity by gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76809582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000224
Yasseen Bt, Al-Thani Rf, Al-Sulaiman Fa, A. Raa
{"title":"Soluble Sugars in Plants Under Stress at the Arabian Gulf Region: Possible Roles of Microorganisms","authors":"Yasseen Bt, Al-Thani Rf, Al-Sulaiman Fa, A. Raa","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73753671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000210
Karabagias Ik
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the origin of isophorone related compounds, often called as norisoprenoids, in natural products such as honey. Norisoprenoids are volatile compounds and therefore may be identified and semi-quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In that sense, the reproducible and non-invasive method of headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS/MS), representing a targeted metabolomics procedure, was applied to 163 honey samples. Honeys belonged to four different floral types and were collected from sixteen different regions in Greece. Results showed that total isophorone content (TIC) was greatly affected by honey botanical origin and was positively correlated with moisture content using Pearson’s correlation (r=0.84) (p<0.05).
{"title":"A Targeted Metabolomic Procedure for the Identification of Isophorone Related Compounds in Honey","authors":"Karabagias Ik","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research was to investigate the origin of isophorone related compounds, often called as norisoprenoids, in natural products such as honey. Norisoprenoids are volatile compounds and therefore may be identified and semi-quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In that sense, the reproducible and non-invasive method of headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS/MS), representing a targeted metabolomics procedure, was applied to 163 honey samples. Honeys belonged to four different floral types and were collected from sixteen different regions in Greece. Results showed that total isophorone content (TIC) was greatly affected by honey botanical origin and was positively correlated with moisture content using Pearson’s correlation (r=0.84) (p<0.05).","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83722472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000192
R. Tominaga-Wada, T. Wada
Plant root hairs play an essential role in water and nutrient uptake. CAPRICE (CPC) family transcription factors act to induce root hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previously, using a proteasome inhibitor assay, we proposed that the CPC family protein TRIPTYCHON (TRY) was degraded through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. The Auxin resistant 1 (AXR1) gene encodes the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. In this study, to further investigate the mechanism of TRY degradation, we introduced a CPCp:TRY-GFP construct into axr1-3 A. thaliana mutants. The CPCp:TRY-GFP transgenic plant showed weak TRY-GFP fluorescence while the CPCp:TRY-GFP in axr1-3 transgenic plant showed strong TRY-GFP fluorescence. These results support the suggestion that TRY is degraded by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome mechanism.
{"title":"Triptychon (TRY) Protein Accumulation in the Roots of Mutant Auxinresistant 1 (axr1) Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"R. Tominaga-Wada, T. Wada","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Plant root hairs play an essential role in water and nutrient uptake. CAPRICE (CPC) family transcription factors act to induce root hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previously, using a proteasome inhibitor assay, we proposed that the CPC family protein TRIPTYCHON (TRY) was degraded through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. The Auxin resistant 1 (AXR1) gene encodes the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. In this study, to further investigate the mechanism of TRY degradation, we introduced a CPCp:TRY-GFP construct into axr1-3 A. thaliana mutants. The CPCp:TRY-GFP transgenic plant showed weak TRY-GFP fluorescence while the CPCp:TRY-GFP in axr1-3 transgenic plant showed strong TRY-GFP fluorescence. These results support the suggestion that TRY is degraded by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome mechanism.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79131133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-20DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000199
M. Sugimoto, Hidehiko Tanaka, Nobutada Murakami
The concentrations of free proline, leucine, and isoleucine increase significantly in plant cells under osmotic stress. Methionine γ-lyase (MGL) catalyzes methionine to produce α-ketobutyrate, which is a precursor for isoleucine biosynthesis. Arabidopsis MGL gene is induced by drought and salt stresses, suggesting that plant MGL plays a role in isoleucine biosynthesis for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, enzymatic characterization and gene expression of plant MGL are described mostly based on results of Arabidopsis MGL. This study identified putative MGL genes from barley and some monocot plants that encode amino acid sequences showing homology with that of Arabidopsis MGL. Plant MGLs were distinguishable between monocots and dicots from their gene and amino acid sequences. Barley MGL catalyzed α, γ-elimination reaction more than α, β-elimination reaction, as did Arabidopsis MGL. Barley MGL gene was up-regulated considerably by drought stress, but down-regulated by the aspartate family amino acids, cystathionine, homocysteine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine, with especially considerable reduction by methionine. These results suggest that barley MGL gene should be induced by drought stress specifically and be reduced by methionine to reserve methionine for the production of S-adenosylmethionine and the following metabolites, which are precursors for ethylene and polyamines playing a role in abiotic stress tolerance.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Barley Methionine γ-Lyase and Gene Expression by Abiotic Stress and Aspartate Family Amino Acids","authors":"M. Sugimoto, Hidehiko Tanaka, Nobutada Murakami","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of free proline, leucine, and isoleucine increase significantly in plant cells under osmotic stress. Methionine γ-lyase (MGL) catalyzes methionine to produce α-ketobutyrate, which is a precursor for isoleucine biosynthesis. Arabidopsis MGL gene is induced by drought and salt stresses, suggesting that plant MGL plays a role in isoleucine biosynthesis for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, enzymatic characterization and gene expression of plant MGL are described mostly based on results of Arabidopsis MGL. This study identified putative MGL genes from barley and some monocot plants that encode amino acid sequences showing homology with that of Arabidopsis MGL. Plant MGLs were distinguishable between monocots and dicots from their gene and amino acid sequences. Barley MGL catalyzed α, γ-elimination reaction more than α, β-elimination reaction, as did Arabidopsis MGL. Barley MGL gene was up-regulated considerably by drought stress, but down-regulated by the aspartate family amino acids, cystathionine, homocysteine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine, with especially considerable reduction by methionine. These results suggest that barley MGL gene should be induced by drought stress specifically and be reduced by methionine to reserve methionine for the production of S-adenosylmethionine and the following metabolites, which are precursors for ethylene and polyamines playing a role in abiotic stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86687265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000197
M’boh Gervais Melaine, N’guessan Ismaël Gbabia Zié, A. Bognan, K. K. Martin, D. Joseph
Pollutants such as lead, cadmium and mercury are harmful to living things at low concentrations. In Cote d’Ivoire, the drink of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn generally called “Bissap juice is widely consumed by the population. However, recent studies have revealed a significant presence of heavy metals in the cultivated soils as well as in the plants taken from these soils in the city of Abidjan. Our study aimed to assess the health risks associated with the consumption of Bissap marketed in three (3) communes of Abidjan. Thus, evaluation of trace metallic elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces given as average value: Cd (23,142 ± 13,332 mg/kg), Pb (77,949 ± 15,620 mg/kg) Zn (78.96 ± 15.584 mg/kg) and Cu (42.894 ± 28.394 mg/kg). Bissap juice showed average concentrations Zn (0.139 ± 0.076 mg/L), Pb (0.544 ± 0.143 mg/L) and Cd (0.221 ± 0.064 mg/L). These data compared to Codex Alimentarus and European Commission standards revealed a significant risk of lead and cadmium poisoning in calyxes and Bissap juice and a lower value for metal copper compared to zinc. Our study requires further investigation in order to evaluate all the factors involved in the chain of contamination and to assess possibly the toxicological and pathophysiological risks incurred by the population due to abuse.
{"title":"Assessment of Trace Elements in Bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Sold in the City of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"M’boh Gervais Melaine, N’guessan Ismaël Gbabia Zié, A. Bognan, K. K. Martin, D. Joseph","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"Pollutants such as lead, cadmium and mercury are harmful to living things at low concentrations. In Cote d’Ivoire, the drink of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn generally called “Bissap juice is widely consumed by the population. However, recent studies have revealed a significant presence of heavy metals in the cultivated soils as well as in the plants taken from these soils in the city of Abidjan. Our study aimed to assess the health risks associated with the consumption of Bissap marketed in three (3) communes of Abidjan. Thus, evaluation of trace metallic elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces given as average value: Cd (23,142 ± 13,332 mg/kg), Pb (77,949 ± 15,620 mg/kg) Zn (78.96 ± 15.584 mg/kg) and Cu (42.894 ± 28.394 mg/kg). Bissap juice showed average concentrations Zn (0.139 ± 0.076 mg/L), Pb (0.544 ± 0.143 mg/L) and Cd (0.221 ± 0.064 mg/L). These data compared to Codex Alimentarus and European Commission standards revealed a significant risk of lead and cadmium poisoning in calyxes and Bissap juice and a lower value for metal copper compared to zinc. Our study requires further investigation in order to evaluate all the factors involved in the chain of contamination and to assess possibly the toxicological and pathophysiological risks incurred by the population due to abuse.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79914845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-08DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000196
S. K. Repalli, Chaitanya Kumar Geda, Pradhan Nsn, Rao Gjn
Indica rice genotypes are known to be recalcitrant to culture and several efforts have been made over years to enhance their callus induction and regeneration rates. Some of the effective approaches employed include use of phytohormones in a proper combination and proportion, amino acids like tryptophan, proline or supplements like casein hydrolysate and yeast extract etc. which have shown positive improvements in callus induction but enhancement of regeneration rates stills remains a major bottleneck in Indica rice tissue culture. Keeping in view that the rates of callus induction and regeneration are not related, an effort was made to enhance regeneration potential of the Indica rices through supplementation of media with chemicals like silver nitrate and adenine sulphate, sugar alcohols like sorbitol and subjecting the calli to stress through partial desiccation prior to regeneration. The results suggest that significant improvement of callus regeneration rates is feasible that is genotype independent as a twofold increase of regeneration rates can be induced in most of the genotypes through partial desiccation. The results can widen the scope of Indica genotypes that are used for development of transgenic Indica rices.
{"title":"Regeneration Enhancement in Tissue Culture of Indica Rice’s through Partial Desiccation and Chemical Supplements","authors":"S. K. Repalli, Chaitanya Kumar Geda, Pradhan Nsn, Rao Gjn","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Indica rice genotypes are known to be recalcitrant to culture and several efforts have been made over years to enhance their callus induction and regeneration rates. Some of the effective approaches employed include use of phytohormones in a proper combination and proportion, amino acids like tryptophan, proline or supplements like casein hydrolysate and yeast extract etc. which have shown positive improvements in callus induction but enhancement of regeneration rates stills remains a major bottleneck in Indica rice tissue culture. Keeping in view that the rates of callus induction and regeneration are not related, an effort was made to enhance regeneration potential of the Indica rices through supplementation of media with chemicals like silver nitrate and adenine sulphate, sugar alcohols like sorbitol and subjecting the calli to stress through partial desiccation prior to regeneration. The results suggest that significant improvement of callus regeneration rates is feasible that is genotype independent as a twofold increase of regeneration rates can be induced in most of the genotypes through partial desiccation. The results can widen the scope of Indica genotypes that are used for development of transgenic Indica rices.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88951563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000195
S. Malik, S. Biswas, S. Nautiyal, Dhiraj Kumar
The wide distribution and adaptability of D. strictus encompasses great diversity which is expected to be reflected in its genetic constitution, hence identification and characterization of its genetic resources assumes great significance. The present work was carried to assess diversity in D. strictus germplasm through Culm sheath characteristics and Protein profiling. Euclidean method linkage ward cluster was carried on culm sheath descriptors. Three clusters were obtained with first cluster further segregating into two sub clusters, with sub cluster I comprising A1, A20 whereas sub cluster II including A5, A10, A40, A38, A19, A8, A36, A7, A11, A88 and A13. The second cluster comprised of accession A16, A23, A17, 18, A28, A32, underlining a fair degree of phylogenetic relatedness. A35, an outlier in the dendrogram parted separately, featuring an apparent remoteness from rest of the accessions. Cluster analysis for protein profiling of the D. strictus genotypes employing UPGMA analysis led to segregation of twenty accessions and their ultimate grouping into four clusters which were further subdivided into subclusters. From Jaccards similarity coefficient, the accessions in cluster I showed high genetic similarity. Cluster IV contained singular accession A36 (Hoshiarpur II) which was found to be genetically divergent from the rest of the accessions. Genetic diversity ranged from 89% (0.89) to 11% (0.11) representing a broad base which warrants further documentation, characterization and conservation for D. strictus improvement.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Proximity among Twenty Accessions of Dendrocalamus strictus Unfolded by Protein Profiling and Culm Sheath Descriptors","authors":"S. Malik, S. Biswas, S. Nautiyal, Dhiraj Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"The wide distribution and adaptability of D. strictus encompasses great diversity which is expected to be reflected in its genetic constitution, hence identification and characterization of its genetic resources assumes great significance. The present work was carried to assess diversity in D. strictus germplasm through Culm sheath characteristics and Protein profiling. Euclidean method linkage ward cluster was carried on culm sheath descriptors. Three clusters were obtained with first cluster further segregating into two sub clusters, with sub cluster I comprising A1, A20 whereas sub cluster II including A5, A10, A40, A38, A19, A8, A36, A7, A11, A88 and A13. The second cluster comprised of accession A16, A23, A17, 18, A28, A32, underlining a fair degree of phylogenetic relatedness. A35, an outlier in the dendrogram parted separately, featuring an apparent remoteness from rest of the accessions. Cluster analysis for protein profiling of the D. strictus genotypes employing UPGMA analysis led to segregation of twenty accessions and their ultimate grouping into four clusters which were further subdivided into subclusters. From Jaccards similarity coefficient, the accessions in cluster I showed high genetic similarity. Cluster IV contained singular accession A36 (Hoshiarpur II) which was found to be genetically divergent from the rest of the accessions. Genetic diversity ranged from 89% (0.89) to 11% (0.11) representing a broad base which warrants further documentation, characterization and conservation for D. strictus improvement.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83925861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-25DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000194
L. D. Maldonado-Bonilla
Pathways of mRNA degradation influence the remodeling of the transcriptomes. The 5’ to 3’ mRNA decay pathway consist on three subsequently acting mechanisms: deadenylation, decapping and 5’ to 3’ exonucleolytic decay. Specific physical interactions between the components of this pathway are essential to generate functional complexes that properly destroy unnecessary transcripts in eukaryotes. Most of the information about the structure of the components of this pathway comes from studies in yeast and animals, but little is known about the conservation of protein-protein interaction domains and motifs in the homolog decay factors of plants. The decapping subunit DCP1 and the 5’ to 3’ exoribonuclease XRN4 are critical components of this pathway. To get an overview of the structure and conservation of these proteins in plants, the sequences of the corresponding homologs of angiosperms, bryophytes and the gymnosperm Picea abies were retrieved, aligned and subjected to search of conserved sequences. Comparisons revealed conserved domains and structural motifs in plants and metazoans, which implies shared physical interactions that might arise during the early evolution of eukaryotes, for example, the trimerization of DCP1 and the recognition of proline-rich sequences (PRS) by β-sheets of the Dcp1/EVH1-like domain. However, the in silico analysis revealed that plant decay factors contain specific motifs, such as the PRS in DCP1 itself, that could have emerged to confer specialized functions in plants. Furthermore, this analysis revealed that XRN4 homologs of angiosperms acquired a sequence reminiscent to the homolog 5’ to 3’ exoribonuclease of fruit fly that allow the interaction with DCP1.
{"title":"In Silico Identification of Potentially Functional Conserved Motifs in Two Components of the 5’ to 3’ mRNA Decay Pathway of Plants","authors":"L. D. Maldonado-Bonilla","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Pathways of mRNA degradation influence the remodeling of the transcriptomes. The 5’ to 3’ mRNA decay pathway consist on three subsequently acting mechanisms: deadenylation, decapping and 5’ to 3’ exonucleolytic decay. Specific physical interactions between the components of this pathway are essential to generate functional complexes that properly destroy unnecessary transcripts in eukaryotes. Most of the information about the structure of the components of this pathway comes from studies in yeast and animals, but little is known about the conservation of protein-protein interaction domains and motifs in the homolog decay factors of plants. The decapping subunit DCP1 and the 5’ to 3’ exoribonuclease XRN4 are critical components of this pathway. To get an overview of the structure and conservation of these proteins in plants, the sequences of the corresponding homologs of angiosperms, bryophytes and the gymnosperm Picea abies were retrieved, aligned and subjected to search of conserved sequences. Comparisons revealed conserved domains and structural motifs in plants and metazoans, which implies shared physical interactions that might arise during the early evolution of eukaryotes, for example, the trimerization of DCP1 and the recognition of proline-rich sequences (PRS) by β-sheets of the Dcp1/EVH1-like domain. However, the in silico analysis revealed that plant decay factors contain specific motifs, such as the PRS in DCP1 itself, that could have emerged to confer specialized functions in plants. Furthermore, this analysis revealed that XRN4 homologs of angiosperms acquired a sequence reminiscent to the homolog 5’ to 3’ exoribonuclease of fruit fly that allow the interaction with DCP1.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78765663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000193
H. Edziri, M. Mastouri, Hechmi Cheheb, S. Laameri, D. Boujnah
Chlorophyll content, fluorescence parameters, xylem hydraulic properties, total phenolic content and antiradical activity were studied on young plants of four Tunisian olive cultivars (Chetoui, Ouslati, Jarboui and Meski) grown under water deficit conditions for two months. Water stress caused a decline in chlorophyll content, in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), in linear electron transport rate (ETR) and in quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport (Φ PSI). Chetoui variety was the less affected by water stress but all these parameters decreases considerably in Ouslati, Jarboui and Meski. In all cultivars, water stress induced an increase in xylem vessel frequency. Water stress also increased the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antiradical activity in all cultivars. Chetoui cultivar may be considered as the most tolerant cultivars among the tested cultivars showing higher phenolic and flavonoid contents and an important antiradical activity under water deficit. Meski cultivar is the most sensitive one.
{"title":"The Effect of Water Stress on Leaf Phenolic Composition, Fluorescence Parameters, Xylem Hydraulic Properties and Antiradical Activity of Four Tunisian Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars","authors":"H. Edziri, M. Mastouri, Hechmi Cheheb, S. Laameri, D. Boujnah","doi":"10.4172/2329-9029.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorophyll content, fluorescence parameters, xylem hydraulic properties, total phenolic content and antiradical activity were studied on young plants of four Tunisian olive cultivars (Chetoui, Ouslati, Jarboui and Meski) grown under water deficit conditions for two months. Water stress caused a decline in chlorophyll content, in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), in linear electron transport rate (ETR) and in quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport (Φ PSI). Chetoui variety was the less affected by water stress but all these parameters decreases considerably in Ouslati, Jarboui and Meski. In all cultivars, water stress induced an increase in xylem vessel frequency. Water stress also increased the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antiradical activity in all cultivars. Chetoui cultivar may be considered as the most tolerant cultivars among the tested cultivars showing higher phenolic and flavonoid contents and an important antiradical activity under water deficit. Meski cultivar is the most sensitive one.","PeriodicalId":16778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84273562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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