Mbegbu Edmund Chidiebere, Ezechukwu Chiemekam Samuel, Ejere Vincent Chikwendu, N. Ikechukwu, Ugwu Godwin Chigozie
Phytochemical screening of the methanolic fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpon was performed using standard method. Eighteen male albino mice, assigned into six groups (n=3) were used to determine the acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract. Haematological effect of the extract was determined using forty eight adult male rats assigned into four groups (A-D; n=12). The treatment groups received daily oral administration of the extract at doses of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg of body weight (bw) respectively for 21 days. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenols, phytates, tannins, cyanides and terpenoids. The extract showed no mortality even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. The highest treatment dose (1600 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in the white blood cell (WBC) count compared to rest of the treatment groups. There were no significant difference (p<0.05) in red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels of the treatment groups compared to control. Similarly, the mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) results showed no significant difference from days 0 to 21 in all the treatment groups. Findings from this study suggest that except for the fact that the high dose of the extract antagonizes immunity; it has no serious adverse effect on the various haematological parameters, especially as it improves haemoglobin levels on prolonged administration. Key words: Acute toxicity, blood profile, phytochemistry, Solanum macrocarpon.
{"title":"Phytochemistry, acute toxicity and blood profile of albino rats treated with fruit extract of \u0000Solanum macrocarpon","authors":"Mbegbu Edmund Chidiebere, Ezechukwu Chiemekam Samuel, Ejere Vincent Chikwendu, N. Ikechukwu, Ugwu Godwin Chigozie","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0543","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical screening of the methanolic fruit extract of Solanum macrocarpon was performed using standard method. Eighteen male albino mice, assigned into six groups (n=3) were used to determine the acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract. Haematological effect of the extract was determined using forty eight adult male rats assigned into four groups (A-D; n=12). The treatment groups received daily oral administration of the extract at doses of 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg of body weight (bw) respectively for 21 days. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenols, phytates, tannins, cyanides and terpenoids. The extract showed no mortality even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. The highest treatment dose (1600 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in the white blood cell (WBC) count compared to rest of the treatment groups. There were no significant difference (p<0.05) in red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels of the treatment groups compared to control. Similarly, the mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) results showed no significant difference from days 0 to 21 in all the treatment groups. Findings from this study suggest that except for the fact that the high dose of the extract antagonizes immunity; it has no serious adverse effect on the various haematological parameters, especially as it improves haemoglobin levels on prolonged administration. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Acute toxicity, blood profile, phytochemistry, Solanum macrocarpon.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84612525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, S. Ahmed, Sahar Hussein Eltilib, Mawa Ibrahim Alnour, Marvit Osman Widdatallh, Layla Fathi Yassin, Kowther Isam Eldein, Einas Gamal Mohieldin, A. A. Mohamed, S. Ayoub
Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) and Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae) are the most popular herbal products in Sudan; they are used as food ingredients and in traditional treatments of various diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate phytochemical contents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of plants fruit, leaf and bark ethanolic extracts. The phytochemical screening of different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols/triterpens, tannins, saponins, coumarins, glycosides, reducing sugar, lignin and carbohydrates. The results indicate that all the extracts have reducing power DPPH radical scavenging abilities. The highest antioxidant activity showed in A. digitata parts. The fruit extracts of both plants showed the highest antioxidant activity (84.07 and 83.98% for A. digitata and T. indica, respectively). The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects have been studied by human albumin denaturation, and both plant extracts showed remarkable activity. Leaf extracts showed highest anti-inflammatory activity (76.714, 62 and 82.71% for A. digitata, T. indica and mixture of both respectively). The results of antimicrobial activity showed the effectiveness of mixture extracts against tested standard pathogens. Fruit mixtures showed the highest activity against B. subtilis (19 mm), S. aureus (35 mm) and S. typhi (21 mm), while the mixture of bark extracts showed the highest activity against E. coli (19 mm). It is noteworthy that higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities have been observed by blends in the ratio 1:1 of fruit, leaf and bark extracts of both plants. Key words: Adansonia digitata, Tamarindus indica, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, combination.
{"title":"The effect of blending of extracts of Sudanese Adansonia digitata and Tamarindus indica on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities","authors":"Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, S. Ahmed, Sahar Hussein Eltilib, Mawa Ibrahim Alnour, Marvit Osman Widdatallh, Layla Fathi Yassin, Kowther Isam Eldein, Einas Gamal Mohieldin, A. A. Mohamed, S. Ayoub","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0537","url":null,"abstract":"Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) and Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae) are the most popular herbal products in Sudan; they are used as food ingredients and in traditional treatments of various diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate phytochemical contents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of plants fruit, leaf and bark ethanolic extracts. The phytochemical screening of different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols/triterpens, tannins, saponins, coumarins, glycosides, reducing sugar, lignin and carbohydrates. The results indicate that all the extracts have reducing power DPPH radical scavenging abilities. The highest antioxidant activity showed in A. digitata parts. The fruit extracts of both plants showed the highest antioxidant activity (84.07 and 83.98% for A. digitata and T. indica, respectively). The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects have been studied by human albumin denaturation, and both plant extracts showed remarkable activity. Leaf extracts showed highest anti-inflammatory activity (76.714, 62 and 82.71% for A. digitata, T. indica and mixture of both respectively). The results of antimicrobial activity showed the effectiveness of mixture extracts against tested standard pathogens. Fruit mixtures showed the highest activity against B. subtilis (19 mm), S. aureus (35 mm) and S. typhi (21 mm), while the mixture of bark extracts showed the highest activity against E. coli (19 mm). It is noteworthy that higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities have been observed by blends in the ratio 1:1 of fruit, leaf and bark extracts of both plants. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adansonia digitata, Tamarindus indica, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, combination.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84467260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants used against malaria in Mali have previously been tested for their antiplasmodial activities using their organic solvent and water extracts. As the healers mainly use the water extracts for their treatments of malaria-patients, our aim was to study the water-soluble components from Malian plants used for treatment of malaria. Argemone mexicana (aerial parts), Sarcocephalus latifolius (root bark), Vitex doniana (leaves), and Malarial-5® (an improved traditional medicine (ITM) in tea) were the objects of our studies. Water extracts of these plants contained primarily polysaccharides. Due to this, the studies focused on the determination of the monosaccharide composition of the polymers present as well as assessing the immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharide fractions isolated from these plants. Each plant material was extracted sequentially with dichloromethane, 80% ethanol and water at 100°C. The polysaccharides were obtained using gel filtration of the aqueous extracts and their monosaccharide compositions were determined using gas chromatography. Immunomodulatory effects were assessed using the complement fixation test and macrophage stimulation. All aqueous extracts from the four samples contained polysaccharides. The monosaccharide compositions vary between the plants. Arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose and galacturonic acid were present in all samples, glucose being the main monomer. These polysaccharides showed complement fixing activity and induced nitrite oxide release from macrophages in a dose dependent manner. The polysaccharide fractions of A. mexicana (Am1) and V. doniana (Vd1) showed the most potent activities. These two fractions had an ICH50 of 2.4 and 6.3 μg/mL respectively in the complement fixation assay. The same two fractions induced a dose dependent release of nitrite oxide from macrophages. The results demonstrated that antimalarial plants contain polysaccharides with immunomodulatory properties. This preliminary work constitutes a new approach of antimalarial studies. Key words: Polysaccharides, immunomodulatory effects, antimalarial plants, Mali.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from plants used as antimalarial in Mali","authors":"Denou Adama, Togola Adiaratou, Tvete Inngjerdingen Kari, Bing Zhang, Ahmed Abubakar, Gwatau Dafam Dalen, C.Aguiyi John, Sanogo Rokia, D. Drissa, Smestad Paulsen Berit","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0547","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants used against malaria in Mali have previously been tested for their antiplasmodial activities using their organic solvent and water extracts. As the healers mainly use the water extracts for their treatments of malaria-patients, our aim was to study the water-soluble components from Malian plants used for treatment of malaria. Argemone mexicana (aerial parts), Sarcocephalus latifolius (root bark), Vitex doniana (leaves), and Malarial-5® (an improved traditional medicine (ITM) in tea) were the objects of our studies. Water extracts of these plants contained primarily polysaccharides. Due to this, the studies focused on the determination of the monosaccharide composition of the polymers present as well as assessing the immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharide fractions isolated from these plants. Each plant material was extracted sequentially with dichloromethane, 80% ethanol and water at 100°C. The polysaccharides were obtained using gel filtration of the aqueous extracts and their monosaccharide compositions were determined using gas chromatography. Immunomodulatory effects were assessed using the complement fixation test and macrophage stimulation. All aqueous extracts from the four samples contained polysaccharides. The monosaccharide compositions vary between the plants. Arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose and galacturonic acid were present in all samples, glucose being the main monomer. These polysaccharides showed complement fixing activity and induced nitrite oxide release from macrophages in a dose dependent manner. The polysaccharide fractions of A. mexicana (Am1) and V. doniana (Vd1) showed the most potent activities. These two fractions had an ICH50 of 2.4 and 6.3 μg/mL respectively in the complement fixation assay. The same two fractions induced a dose dependent release of nitrite oxide from macrophages. The results demonstrated that antimalarial plants contain polysaccharides with immunomodulatory properties. This preliminary work constitutes a new approach of antimalarial studies. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Polysaccharides, immunomodulatory effects, antimalarial plants, Mali.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80208072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adjileye Rafatou Ad edoyin Adjokè, Amoussa Abdou Madjid Olatound e, Rafiou Adamou, Awédé Bonaventure, Lalèyè Anatole, Lagnika Latifou
Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae) and Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) are two plants used in Benin to manage hypertension. Little scientific data is available on the antihypertensive properties of these plants. Therefore, we investigated the antihypertensive potential of ethanolic extracts of O. americanum and P. lappacea on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. The DPPH free radical scavenging potential, Fe3+ reducing capacity, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging were assessed. Extracts were also screened for their active compounds using ultimate high-performance liquid chromatography 3000. CODA™ non-invasive blood pressure system was used to record blood pression parameters. Both extracts induced significant decrease of systolic, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pression. O. americanum extract at 250 mg/kg body weight, decreased mean blood pressure (MBP) from 146 ± 4.80 to 98.4 ± 9.44 mmHg and P. lappacea extract from 154.4 ± 11.28 to 111.8 ± 9.44 mmHg. A significant decrease of MBP was also observed with Losartan and Captopril at 100 mg/kg body weight. P. lappacea showed the higest ferric reducing/antioxidant power 4905 ± 87.79 µmol AAE g-1. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities showed higher activity, 68.42 ± 3.68 and 38.68 ± 4.18%, respectively for O. americanum. The chromatography analysis of extracts suggested the presence of ferulic acid, chlorogenic, tannic, ellargic, caffeic acids and chrysin, rutin and isorhamnetin. The obtained results justify the traditional use of O. americanum and P. lappacea in management of hypertension in southern Benin. Key words: Ocimum americanum, Pupalia lappacea, antihypertensive activity, antioxidant activity.
{"title":"UHPLC-DAD characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from Ocimum americanum and Pupalia lappacea extracts: Antioxidant activity and antihypertensive effects on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats","authors":"Adjileye Rafatou Ad edoyin Adjokè, Amoussa Abdou Madjid Olatound e, Rafiou Adamou, Awédé Bonaventure, Lalèyè Anatole, Lagnika Latifou","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0546","url":null,"abstract":"Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae) and Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) are two plants used in Benin to manage hypertension. Little scientific data is available on the antihypertensive properties of these plants. Therefore, we investigated the antihypertensive potential of ethanolic extracts of O. americanum and P. lappacea on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. The DPPH free radical scavenging potential, Fe3+ reducing capacity, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging were assessed. Extracts were also screened for their active compounds using ultimate high-performance liquid chromatography 3000. CODA™ non-invasive blood pressure system was used to record blood pression parameters. Both extracts induced significant decrease of systolic, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pression. O. americanum extract at 250 mg/kg body weight, decreased mean blood pressure (MBP) from 146 ± 4.80 to 98.4 ± 9.44 mmHg and P. lappacea extract from 154.4 ± 11.28 to 111.8 ± 9.44 mmHg. A significant decrease of MBP was also observed with Losartan and Captopril at 100 mg/kg body weight. P. lappacea showed the higest ferric reducing/antioxidant power 4905 ± 87.79 µmol AAE g-1. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities showed higher activity, 68.42 ± 3.68 and 38.68 ± 4.18%, respectively for O. americanum. The chromatography analysis of extracts suggested the presence of ferulic acid, chlorogenic, tannic, ellargic, caffeic acids and chrysin, rutin and isorhamnetin. The obtained results justify the traditional use of O. americanum and P. lappacea in management of hypertension in southern Benin. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ocimum americanum, Pupalia lappacea, antihypertensive activity, antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86128068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased resistance to insecticides and established drugs by malaria vectors necessitate the search for alternative cost-effective malaria control tools in the Ethiopia. Traditional remedies are the most important source of therapeutics of the population and more than 85% of the traditional medical preparations in Ethiopia are of plant origin. As the Ethiopian indigenous medicinal plants' knowledge and diversity is vulnerable to be lost continuous documentation and preservation of traditional knowledge and the plant species is a priority. Thus, we report an ethnobotanical survey of plants traditionally used for malaria prevention and treatment in an indigenous villages of Tepi town south western Ethiopia. To document anti-malarial plant traditional knowledge and determine level of utilization for prevention and treatment of malaria by households, 40 household heads were surveyed by snow ball sampling of which eight household heads addressed by systematic purposive sampling were traditional healers. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A total of twenty five plant species belonging to twenty two families have been reported. The most cited plant species for malaria prevention by healers were Cyperus species (52.11%), Allium sativum L. (24.15%), Lepidium sativum L. (9.34%) and Echinops kebericho Mesfin. (7.82%). This study has documented more anti-malarial plant species to be used in the indigenous village. The existing medicinal plant species and the indigenous knowledge on traditional medicinal plants in the study area were under serious threat and were at risk of getting lost. Therefore, urgently warrant sustainable conservation and further research is needed. Key words: Indigenous knowledge, malaria vectors, medicinal plants.
疟疾病媒对杀虫剂和现有药物的耐药性增强，埃塞俄比亚必须寻找具有成本效益的替代疟疾控制工具。传统疗法是人口治疗的最重要来源，埃塞俄比亚85%以上的传统医药制剂来自植物。由于埃塞俄比亚土著药用植物的知识和多样性很容易丢失，因此持续记录和保存传统知识和植物物种是一个优先事项。因此，我们报告了在埃塞俄比亚西南部Tepi镇的一个土著村庄传统上用于疟疾预防和治疗的植物的民族植物学调查。为了记录抗疟疾植物的传统知识并确定家庭对疟疾预防和治疗的利用水平，采用雪球抽样法对40户户主进行了调查，其中有8户户主是传统治疗师。数据通过半结构化访谈收集，并使用SPSS version 20进行分析。已报道的植物共25种，隶属于22科。被临床医师引用最多的预防疟疾植物种类依次为莎草(52.11%)、葱(24.15%)、Lepidium sativum L.(9.34%)和刺青(Echinops kebericho Mesfin)。(7.82%)。这项研究记录了更多的抗疟疾植物物种将用于土著村庄。研究区现有药用植物种类和本土传统药用植物知识受到严重威胁，面临丢失的危险。因此，迫切需要可持续保护和进一步研究。关键词:本土知识;疟疾媒介;药用植物
{"title":"Ethnobotanical survey of plants traditionally used for malaria prevention and treatment in indigenous villages of Tepi Town South West Ethiopia","authors":"Dagne Abebe, Belachew Garedew","doi":"10.5897/JPP2018.0532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2018.0532","url":null,"abstract":"Increased resistance to insecticides and established drugs by malaria vectors necessitate the search for alternative cost-effective malaria control tools in the Ethiopia. Traditional remedies are the most important source of therapeutics of the population and more than 85% of the traditional medical preparations in Ethiopia are of plant origin. As the Ethiopian indigenous medicinal plants' knowledge and diversity is vulnerable to be lost continuous documentation and preservation of traditional knowledge and the plant species is a priority. Thus, we report an ethnobotanical survey of plants traditionally used for malaria prevention and treatment in an indigenous villages of Tepi town south western Ethiopia. To document anti-malarial plant traditional knowledge and determine level of utilization for prevention and treatment of malaria by households, 40 household heads were surveyed by snow ball sampling of which eight household heads addressed by systematic purposive sampling were traditional healers. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A total of twenty five plant species belonging to twenty two families have been reported. The most cited plant species for malaria prevention by healers were Cyperus species (52.11%), Allium sativum L. (24.15%), Lepidium sativum L. (9.34%) and Echinops kebericho Mesfin. (7.82%). This study has documented more anti-malarial plant species to be used in the indigenous village. The existing medicinal plant species and the indigenous knowledge on traditional medicinal plants in the study area were under serious threat and were at risk of getting lost. Therefore, urgently warrant sustainable conservation and further research is needed. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Indigenous knowledge, malaria vectors, medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75819833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, A. A. Mohamed, Einas Gamal Mohieldin, Kowther Isam Eldein, Layla Fathi Yassin, Marvit Osman Widdatallh, Mawa Ibrahim Alnour, Sahar Hussein Eltilib, S. Ahmed, S. Ayoub
The peel of grape fruit is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of peel extract from Citrus paradisi. Qualitative phytochemical screening of peel indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, tannins, saponins, coumarins, glycosides, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, lignin and carbohydrates. Extract was assessed for their effectiveness against four bacterial strains including both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria as well as fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using disc diffusion method. Antibacterial effects of peel extract showed different degrees of inhibition profiles against tested bacteria with inhibition zone that ranged from 13 to 17 mm. Peel extract showed high antifungal activity against A. niger (24 mm) and C. albicans (22 mm). The C. paradisi peel showed high anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition percentage 77.57%. The antioxidant potential of extract was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical stability. The peel extract showed DPPH scavenging activity (55%) and vitamin C content was 23.08 mg/kg by HPLC. The quantitative analysis of chemical composition of the extract was determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed high amounts of Naringenin (28.09%). The peel extract of C. paradisi is a natural source of chemical constituents which have medicinal uses in treating many disease. Key words: Citrus paradisi peel, antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening, vitamin C, Naringenin.
{"title":"Phytochemical investigation and assessment of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Sudanese Citrus paradisi peel extract","authors":"Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, A. A. Mohamed, Einas Gamal Mohieldin, Kowther Isam Eldein, Layla Fathi Yassin, Marvit Osman Widdatallh, Mawa Ibrahim Alnour, Sahar Hussein Eltilib, S. Ahmed, S. Ayoub","doi":"10.5897/JPP2018.0531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2018.0531","url":null,"abstract":"The peel of grape fruit is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of peel extract from Citrus paradisi. Qualitative phytochemical screening of peel indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, tannins, saponins, coumarins, glycosides, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, lignin and carbohydrates. Extract was assessed for their effectiveness against four bacterial strains including both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria as well as fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using disc diffusion method. Antibacterial effects of peel extract showed different degrees of inhibition profiles against tested bacteria with inhibition zone that ranged from 13 to 17 mm. Peel extract showed high antifungal activity against A. niger (24 mm) and C. albicans (22 mm). The C. paradisi peel showed high anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition percentage 77.57%. The antioxidant potential of extract was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical stability. The peel extract showed DPPH scavenging activity (55%) and vitamin C content was 23.08 mg/kg by HPLC. The quantitative analysis of chemical composition of the extract was determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed high amounts of Naringenin (28.09%). The peel extract of C. paradisi is a natural source of chemical constituents which have medicinal uses in treating many disease. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Citrus paradisi peel, antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening, vitamin C, Naringenin.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78968731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adjatin, A. Hounkpatin, Fidèle Assogba, W. Djengue, P. Agbotta, H. Benindicte, A. Dansi, J. Gbénou, K. Amouzou
Corchorus olitorius L. which belongs to Tiliaceae family is a cultivated herbaceous plant highly consumed as traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Extracts from samples of different morphotypes leaves of this species were analysed for their phytochemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. On each sample extract, qualitative phytochemical tests were used to detect the presence of bioactive molecules and evaluate their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several phytochemical compounds in all samples of morphotypes studied but these have not a similar profile. Morphotypes with shiny rounded leaves have more phytochemicals (58% of phytochemicals compounds) than the other samples. Analysis of the potential antioxidant reveals a first category of morphotypes with high potential antioxidant capacity ranged from 27,859 to 32,985 mM EAA/g followed by second class of morphotype which ranged from 17,527 to 23,098 mM EAA/g . Regular consumption of C. olitorius such as varieties with rounded and non-shiny leaves, varieties with elongated and shiny leaves, varieties with red stems, varieties with elongated and non-shiny leaves with lateral lobes, would be useful for the treatment of various diseases induced by free radicals. The LC50 of morphotypes C. olitorius varies between 0.78 and 3.125 mg/ml indicating non toxicity. From this study, results justify the use of some morphotypes of C. olitorius in traditional medicine. Hence, these morphotypes are nutraceuticals leafy vegetables that must be promoted through development of food based products. Key words: Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, Corchorus olitorius, morphotypes, Benin.
石菖蒲属铁力科，是贝宁作为传统叶菜消费较多的栽培草本植物。对不同形态叶提取物的化学成分、抗氧化活性和细胞毒性进行了分析。对每种样品提取物，采用定性植物化学测试来检测生物活性分子的存在，并使用盐水虾致死性生物测定法评估其细胞毒性。采用2,2-二苯基-1-苦味基-肼基测定法测定抗氧化活性。植物化学筛选揭示了几种植物化学化合物的存在，在所有的研究样本的形态，但这些没有相似的概况。有光泽的圆形叶片的形态型比其他样品含有更多的植物化学物质(58%的植物化学化合物)。潜在抗氧化能力分析表明，第一类形态具有较高的潜在抗氧化能力，其范围为27,859 ~ 32,985 mM EAA/g;第二类形态的范围为17,527 ~ 23,098 mM EAA/g。经常食用叶圆无光泽品种、叶长有光泽品种、茎红品种、叶长无光泽、叶侧裂品种等，可用于治疗各种自由基引起的疾病。各形态的LC50值在0.78 ~ 3.125 mg/ml之间，无毒性。从这项研究中，结果证明了在传统医学中使用某些形态的奥利托菌是合理的。因此，这些形态是营养保健品叶类蔬菜，必须通过开发食品为基础的产品来促进。关键词:植物化学分析;抗氧化活性;细胞毒活性;
{"title":"Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of different morphotypes of Corchorus olitorius L. leaves in the central region of Benin Republic (West Africa)","authors":"A. Adjatin, A. Hounkpatin, Fidèle Assogba, W. Djengue, P. Agbotta, H. Benindicte, A. Dansi, J. Gbénou, K. Amouzou","doi":"10.5897/JPP2018.0525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2018.0525","url":null,"abstract":"Corchorus olitorius L. which belongs to Tiliaceae family is a cultivated herbaceous plant highly consumed as traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Extracts from samples of different morphotypes leaves of this species were analysed for their phytochemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. On each sample extract, qualitative phytochemical tests were used to detect the presence of bioactive molecules and evaluate their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several phytochemical compounds in all samples of morphotypes studied but these have not a similar profile. Morphotypes with shiny rounded leaves have more phytochemicals (58% of phytochemicals compounds) than the other samples. Analysis of the potential antioxidant reveals a first category of morphotypes with high potential antioxidant capacity ranged from 27,859 to 32,985 mM EAA/g followed by second class of morphotype which ranged from 17,527 to 23,098 mM EAA/g . Regular consumption of C. olitorius such as varieties with rounded and non-shiny leaves, varieties with elongated and shiny leaves, varieties with red stems, varieties with elongated and non-shiny leaves with lateral lobes, would be useful for the treatment of various diseases induced by free radicals. The LC50 of morphotypes C. olitorius varies between 0.78 and 3.125 mg/ml indicating non toxicity. From this study, results justify the use of some morphotypes of C. olitorius in traditional medicine. Hence, these morphotypes are nutraceuticals leafy vegetables that must be promoted through development of food based products. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, Corchorus olitorius, morphotypes, Benin.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84914784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bakoma Batomayena, Berke Benedicte, Diallo Aboudoulatif, Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie, A. Kodjo, G. Messanvi, Moore Nicholas
{"title":"Catechins as antidiabetic compounds of Bridelia ferruginea Benth root bark extract","authors":"Bakoma Batomayena, Berke Benedicte, Diallo Aboudoulatif, Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie, A. Kodjo, G. Messanvi, Moore Nicholas","doi":"10.5897/jpp2018.0528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2018.0528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82041153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Noriega Paco, D. Tatiana, Antonio Osorio Edison, G. Pablo, Fonseca Andrea
{"title":"Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth) Kuntze essential oil: Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial test against respiratory pathogens","authors":"Fernando Noriega Paco, D. Tatiana, Antonio Osorio Edison, G. Pablo, Fonseca Andrea","doi":"10.5897/jpp2017.0467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2017.0467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82540763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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