T. L. Ohemu, Abubakar Ahmed, T. Alemika, S. Chollom, T. Yakubu, D. G. Dafam, V. A. Okwori, Nanle Josephine Damos
Newcastle disease remains a disease of global concern and serious economic challenge to the poultry industry because of its high mortality rate, in spite of the various intervention programs including vaccination. This research is aimed at studying the antiviral activity of the extract and fractions of Boswellia dalzielii against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using chicken embryonated eggs. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using standard procedure. The methanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii was subjected to solvent- solvent fractionation using solvents of varing polarity. This process generated four fractions namely hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction. Nine to eleven day-old viable embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) were used for the antiviral assay; these were divided into seven groups of five eggs each. The methanol extract was also screened for its cytotoxicity, prophylatic, therapeutic and neutralization effects against NDV, while the fractions were screened for their cytotoxicity and neutralization effects. The phytochemical screening of the stem bark extract and fractions of B. dalzielii showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponin, terpenoids and steroids. It was observed from the results that the extract was toxic to the embryo at a concentration above 100 mg/ml. At the end of the bioassay, methanol extract and fractions of B. dalzielii showed antiviral activity against NDV. However, the extract seems to possess the most significant anti-NDV activity than the fractions. The results of the study are very promising and support the use of B. dalzielii in the treatment of viral infections in animals and humans. Key words: Antiviral, Boswellia dalzielii, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), embryonated chicken eggs (ECE).
{"title":"In-ovo biological activity of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark extract and fractions against Newcastle disease virus","authors":"T. L. Ohemu, Abubakar Ahmed, T. Alemika, S. Chollom, T. Yakubu, D. G. Dafam, V. A. Okwori, Nanle Josephine Damos","doi":"10.5897/jpp2019.0556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0556","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease remains a disease of global concern and serious economic challenge to the poultry industry because of its high mortality rate, in spite of the various intervention programs including vaccination. This research is aimed at studying the antiviral activity of the extract and fractions of Boswellia dalzielii against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using chicken embryonated eggs. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using standard procedure. The methanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii was subjected to solvent- solvent fractionation using solvents of varing polarity. This process generated four fractions namely hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction. Nine to eleven day-old viable embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) were used for the antiviral assay; these were divided into seven groups of five eggs each. The methanol extract was also screened for its cytotoxicity, prophylatic, therapeutic and neutralization effects against NDV, while the fractions were screened for their cytotoxicity and neutralization effects. The phytochemical screening of the stem bark extract and fractions of B. dalzielii showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponin, terpenoids and steroids. It was observed from the results that the extract was toxic to the embryo at a concentration above 100 mg/ml. At the end of the bioassay, methanol extract and fractions of B. dalzielii showed antiviral activity against NDV. However, the extract seems to possess the most significant anti-NDV activity than the fractions. The results of the study are very promising and support the use of B. dalzielii in the treatment of viral infections in animals and humans. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antiviral, Boswellia dalzielii, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), embryonated chicken eggs (ECE).","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86807421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eyenga Manga, N. Takuissu, A. Ziyyat, J. Ngondi, M. Sindic
Tetrapleura tetraptera and Aframomum citratum fruits are used as spices and in the traditional pharmacopeia in Cameroon. They are mostly combined and preheated for many purposes while cooking. The effects of roasting on the phenolic content of spices, phenolic profile of a beverage made with the mix of roasted spices and its hypoglycaemic activity on diabetes complications were investigated. Aqueous extract (infusion: 100°C; 1/5 g/ml) was prepared, and the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents before and after heat treatment were quantified. Four formulations of T. tetraptera/A. citratum (95/5; 90/10; 85/15; 80/20) were assessed and the in vitro glucose adsorption capacity of the extracts was studied to retain the most effective formulation (AEF). Phenolic and derivatives compounds of AEF were analysed using HPLC-DAD methodology. The AEF hypoglycaemic activity (250 mg/kg bw) and the various complications of hyperglycaemia after Streptozotocin induction (55 mg/kg) were examined on rats. Significant (p<0.05) improvements in phytochemical content were noticed for T. tetraptera and AEF extracts after heat treatment. Among the phenolic compounds identified, flavone, protocatechic, chlorogenic, p-Coumaric acids, and naringin showed the highest concentrations. Significantly, the effect of AEF is the same as the administration of AEF-Glibenclamide (Glibenclamide) and Acarbose after 4 h when assessing the anti-hyperglycaemic test. The influence of Glibenclamide (the reference drug) is significantly improved by AEF, and this synergy has the best anti-hyperglycaemic, hypoglycaemic, hypotriglyceridaemic potential and boosts catalase, superoxide dismutase activities while reducing Malondialdehyde (liver, pancreas, haemolysates) and hydroperoxide (liver, plasma, and kidney) contents compared with the use of single AEF. Key words: Tetrapleura tetraptera, Aframomum citratum, anti-diabetic, hyperglycaemia, roasting, pharmacopeia, hypoglycaemia, infusion, HPLC-DAD, Streptozotocin
{"title":"Hypoglycaemic activity of preheated (roasting) Aframomum citratum (C. Pereira) K. Schum and Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach Thonn.) fruits beverage on Streptozotocin-induced rats","authors":"Eyenga Manga, N. Takuissu, A. Ziyyat, J. Ngondi, M. Sindic","doi":"10.5897/jpp2019.0570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0570","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrapleura tetraptera and Aframomum citratum fruits are used as spices and in the traditional pharmacopeia in Cameroon. They are mostly combined and preheated for many purposes while cooking. The effects of roasting on the phenolic content of spices, phenolic profile of a beverage made with the mix of roasted spices and its hypoglycaemic activity on diabetes complications were investigated. Aqueous extract (infusion: 100°C; 1/5 g/ml) was prepared, and the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents before and after heat treatment were quantified. Four formulations of T. tetraptera/A. citratum (95/5; 90/10; 85/15; 80/20) were assessed and the in vitro glucose adsorption capacity of the extracts was studied to retain the most effective formulation (AEF). Phenolic and derivatives compounds of AEF were analysed using HPLC-DAD methodology. The AEF hypoglycaemic activity (250 mg/kg bw) and the various complications of hyperglycaemia after Streptozotocin induction (55 mg/kg) were examined on rats. Significant (p<0.05) improvements in phytochemical content were noticed for T. tetraptera and AEF extracts after heat treatment. Among the phenolic compounds identified, flavone, protocatechic, chlorogenic, p-Coumaric acids, and naringin showed the highest concentrations. Significantly, the effect of AEF is the same as the administration of AEF-Glibenclamide (Glibenclamide) and Acarbose after 4 h when assessing the anti-hyperglycaemic test. The influence of Glibenclamide (the reference drug) is significantly improved by AEF, and this synergy has the best anti-hyperglycaemic, hypoglycaemic, hypotriglyceridaemic potential and boosts catalase, superoxide dismutase activities while reducing Malondialdehyde (liver, pancreas, haemolysates) and hydroperoxide (liver, plasma, and kidney) contents compared with the use of single AEF. Key words: Tetrapleura tetraptera, Aframomum citratum, anti-diabetic, hyperglycaemia, roasting, pharmacopeia, hypoglycaemia, infusion, HPLC-DAD, Streptozotocin","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84265832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity, α-amylase inhibition activity, estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content and the toxicity in ten medicinal plants Woodfordia fructicosa, Tectaria coadunate, Prunus cerasoides, Abrus precatorius, Eclipta prostrate, Poranopsis paniculata, Chenopodium album, Oroxylum indicum, Curcuma caesia, and Butea monosperma collected from Gorkha District of Nepal. Methanolic extracts of all the plants showed the presence of different phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, and quinones. The highest radical scavenging was observed in methanol extract of P. cerasoides with IC50 = 7.54±0.223 µg/ml. The potency of the radical scavenging effect of P. cerasoides was about six times greater than standard ascorbic acid (39.85±0.025 µg/ml) taken. P. cerasoides showed high phenol content (805.48±0.024 mg GAE/g extract) whereas total flavonoid content varied from O. indicum (16.96±0.015 mg QE/g extract) to W. fructicosa (722.76±0.108 mg QE/g extract). The methanol extract of E. prostrate was found to be toxic against brine shrimp as shown in the LC50 value of 6.3 µg/ml. T. coadunate and A. precatorius showed effective results with an IC50 value of 80.89 and 70.29 µg/ml respectively in α-amylase inhibition test. This study provides some scientific support for traditional uses of plants for diabetes management and other ailments. Since extracts of W. fructicosa and P. cerasoides are rich sources of bioactive chemical constituents, further in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivity of these extracts need to be studied for their exact mechanism of action. Key words: Antioxidant, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), phenolic content, flavonoid content, inhibition.
{"title":"Antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activity of Nepalese medicinal plants from Gorkha district","authors":"Rai Junita, Raj Sharma Khaga, R. Yuba","doi":"10.5897/jpp2020.0571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2020.0571","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity, α-amylase inhibition activity, estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content and the toxicity in ten medicinal plants Woodfordia fructicosa, Tectaria coadunate, Prunus cerasoides, Abrus precatorius, Eclipta prostrate, Poranopsis paniculata, Chenopodium album, Oroxylum indicum, Curcuma caesia, and Butea monosperma collected from Gorkha District of Nepal. Methanolic extracts of all the plants showed the presence of different phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, and quinones. The highest radical scavenging was observed in methanol extract of P. cerasoides with IC50 = 7.54±0.223 µg/ml. The potency of the radical scavenging effect of P. cerasoides was about six times greater than standard ascorbic acid (39.85±0.025 µg/ml) taken. P. cerasoides showed high phenol content (805.48±0.024 mg GAE/g extract) whereas total flavonoid content varied from O. indicum (16.96±0.015 mg QE/g extract) to W. fructicosa (722.76±0.108 mg QE/g extract). The methanol extract of E. prostrate was found to be toxic against brine shrimp as shown in the LC50 value of 6.3 µg/ml. T. coadunate and A. precatorius showed effective results with an IC50 value of 80.89 and 70.29 µg/ml respectively in α-amylase inhibition test. This study provides some scientific support for traditional uses of plants for diabetes management and other ailments. Since extracts of W. fructicosa and P. cerasoides are rich sources of bioactive chemical constituents, further in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivity of these extracts need to be studied for their exact mechanism of action. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antioxidant, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), phenolic content, flavonoid content, inhibition.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86176083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ondora, N. Gikonyo, H. Nyambaka, Grace N.Thoithi
Warbugia ugandensis is among the ten most utilized medicinal plants in East Africa. Stem-bark and leaves are used as remedies for malaria, stomachache, coughs and several skin diseases. Consequently, the plant is endangered because of uncontrolled harvest from the wild and lack of domestication. There is therefore fear of poor quality commercialized products due to lack of quality control mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate features of diagnostic value that could be used to confirm its authenticity and purity. Samples in the study were obtained from six different geographical locations in Kenya by random purposive sampling. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of the leaf and stem-bark were done based on a modified method from the American herbal pharmacopoeia. The study revealed over five macroscopic and organoleptic characteristics for W. ugandensis leaf and stem-bark including strong aromatic odor and bitter peppery taste. Major microscopic characteristics of the leaf included anomocytic stoma, oil glands and trichomes. Microscopy of stem-bark revealed scaly outgrowths and parenchyma cells in addition to clusters of simple starch granules. Macroscopic and microscopic features of diagnostic value identified can be used to evaluate the quality of W. ugandensis herbal materials especially for confirmation of purity and authenticity. Key words: Microscopic, macroscopic, Quality, Warbugia ugandensis, herbal.
{"title":"Macroscopic and microscopic features of diagnostic value for Warburgia ugandensis Sprague leaf and stem-bark herbal materials","authors":"O. Ondora, N. Gikonyo, H. Nyambaka, Grace N.Thoithi","doi":"10.5897/jpp2019.0569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0569","url":null,"abstract":"Warbugia ugandensis is among the ten most utilized medicinal plants in East Africa. Stem-bark and leaves are used as remedies for malaria, stomachache, coughs and several skin diseases. Consequently, the plant is endangered because of uncontrolled harvest from the wild and lack of domestication. There is therefore fear of poor quality commercialized products due to lack of quality control mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate features of diagnostic value that could be used to confirm its authenticity and purity. Samples in the study were obtained from six different geographical locations in Kenya by random purposive sampling. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of the leaf and stem-bark were done based on a modified method from the American herbal pharmacopoeia. The study revealed over five macroscopic and organoleptic characteristics for W. ugandensis leaf and stem-bark including strong aromatic odor and bitter peppery taste. Major microscopic characteristics of the leaf included anomocytic stoma, oil glands and trichomes. Microscopy of stem-bark revealed scaly outgrowths and parenchyma cells in addition to clusters of simple starch granules. Macroscopic and microscopic features of diagnostic value identified can be used to evaluate the quality of W. ugandensis herbal materials especially for confirmation of purity and authenticity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Microscopic, macroscopic, Quality, Warbugia ugandensis, herbal.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73435222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the phytochemical constituents of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves extracts and its anti-hypercholesterolemia potentials using standard analytical methods. Forty five male albino rats weighing (115-121 g), divided into nine groups of five rats were used. Group I served as the control while the other groups were administered 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts. GC-MS analysis showed 3,7,1,5-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, farnesyl bromide, β–sitosterol, squalene, β-amyrin, 1-heptatriacotanol, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- ,n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z, δ- tocopherol, Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol acetate, (3β,22E)-, 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol, (3β,5Z,7E)-acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-, 1-gala-I-ido-octose, 10-methyl-E-11-tridecen-1-ol propionate, dodecanoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl ester, 11,14-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, cyclopentaneundecanoic acid and methyl ester. Lipid profile showed significant reduction in TC, LDL and TG with increase in HDL in dose dependent ratio. This shows that extracts of this plant could be useful in treatment of coronary heart diseases. Key words: Phytochemicals,hypercholesterolemia, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, potentials.
本研究采用标准分析方法研究了乌头毛刺叶提取物的植物化学成分及其抗高胆固醇血症潜能。选取体重(115-121 g)的雄性白化大鼠45只，分为9组，每组5只。1组为对照组，其余各组分别给予200、400、600和800 mg/kg体重的水提液和乙醇提液。GC-MS分析显示:3,7,5 -四甲基-2-十六烯-1-醇、法尼基溴、β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯、β-amyrin、1-庚三醇、十六烷酸、甲酯、2-五烯酮、6,10,14-三甲基、正十六烯酸、9,12-十八烯二烯酰氯、(Z,Z， δ-生育酚、麦角糖-5,22-二烯-3-醇乙酸、(3β，22E)-、9,10-二烯-5,7,10(19)-三烯-3,24,25-三醇、(3β，5Z,7E)-乙酰胺、n-甲基- n-[4-(3-羟基吡啶基)-2-丁基]、1-半乳糖-i -碘-八烯糖、10-甲基- e -11-三十二醇丙酸十二烷酸，2-(乙酰氧基)-1-[(乙酰氧基)甲基]乙酯，11,14-十八二烯酸，甲酯，环戊十一烷酸和甲酯。脂质谱显示TC、LDL和TG显著降低，HDL呈剂量依赖性增加。这表明，这种植物的提取物可用于治疗冠心病。关键词:植物化学物质，高胆固醇血症，刺毛，电位
{"title":"Phytochemical profiling, body weight effect and anti-hypercholesterolemia potentials of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extracts in male albino rat","authors":"K. Osuocha, A. Iwueke, E. C. Chukwu","doi":"10.5897/JPP2016.0436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0436","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the phytochemical constituents of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves extracts and its anti-hypercholesterolemia potentials using standard analytical methods. Forty five male albino rats weighing (115-121 g), divided into nine groups of five rats were used. Group I served as the control while the other groups were administered 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts. GC-MS analysis showed 3,7,1,5-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, farnesyl bromide, β–sitosterol, squalene, β-amyrin, 1-heptatriacotanol, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- ,n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z, δ- tocopherol, Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol acetate, (3β,22E)-, 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol, (3β,5Z,7E)-acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-, 1-gala-I-ido-octose, 10-methyl-E-11-tridecen-1-ol propionate, dodecanoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl ester, 11,14-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, cyclopentaneundecanoic acid and methyl ester. Lipid profile showed significant reduction in TC, LDL and TG with increase in HDL in dose dependent ratio. This shows that extracts of this plant could be useful in treatment of coronary heart diseases. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phytochemicals,hypercholesterolemia, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, potentials.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"49 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90849291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ummah Hafsa Mukta, R. Roy, A. S. U. Daula, M. Ferdous, Anwesha Chowdhury, Sohel Mia, A. Akter, Israt Jahan Liya, M. Basher
The present study determined phytochemical content, antioxidant and antidiarrhoeal effect of methanol extract of Fimbristylis miliacea. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Total phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll-α, and chlorophyll-β contents were found 154.13 mg GAE/g, 83.14 mg QE/g, 126.45 mg QE/g, 215.72 mg GAE/g, 1.51 µg/g, 0.66 µg/g, 7.10 mg/g and 4.25 mg/g, respectively. Antioxidant potential was compared against ascorbic acid. IC50 and EC50 values were determined as indices of antioxidant potential using five experiments; IC50 in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay were 138.83 and 353.82 µg/ml respectively. EC50 of thiobarbituric acid assay, FRAP assay and reducing power assay were observed 2159.5, 31.59 and 129.56 µg/ml respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was 155.35 mg/g AAE. Significant reduction (p≤0.001) in fecal movement was produced by plant extract and the effect was stronger than that of the standard drug loperamide (5 mg/kg.bw). Loperamide showed 58.16% inhibition whereas extract at 400 mg/kg.bw dose inhibited 80.85% diarrhea. Key words: Fimbristylis miliacea, phytochemical content, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antidiarrhoeal activities of methanol extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl","authors":"Ummah Hafsa Mukta, R. Roy, A. S. U. Daula, M. Ferdous, Anwesha Chowdhury, Sohel Mia, A. Akter, Israt Jahan Liya, M. Basher","doi":"10.5897/jpp2019.0567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0567","url":null,"abstract":"The present study determined phytochemical content, antioxidant and antidiarrhoeal effect of methanol extract of Fimbristylis miliacea. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Total phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll-α, and chlorophyll-β contents were found 154.13 mg GAE/g, 83.14 mg QE/g, 126.45 mg QE/g, 215.72 mg GAE/g, 1.51 µg/g, 0.66 µg/g, 7.10 mg/g and 4.25 mg/g, respectively. Antioxidant potential was compared against ascorbic acid. IC50 and EC50 values were determined as indices of antioxidant potential using five experiments; IC50 in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay were 138.83 and 353.82 µg/ml respectively. EC50 of thiobarbituric acid assay, FRAP assay and reducing power assay were observed 2159.5, 31.59 and 129.56 µg/ml respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was 155.35 mg/g AAE. Significant reduction (p≤0.001) in fecal movement was produced by plant extract and the effect was stronger than that of the standard drug loperamide (5 mg/kg.bw). Loperamide showed 58.16% inhibition whereas extract at 400 mg/kg.bw dose inhibited 80.85% diarrhea. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fimbristylis miliacea, phytochemical content, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"19 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82515714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adouko S. Jacques, Soham Arnaud, Ohouko O. H. Fr ejus, D. Jacques
Moringa oleifera, also called "miracle tree" or "tree for life" is a tree native from India. Highly resistant to drought, M. oleifera grows very well in tropical regions, including Benin. It is a plant with very high nutritional values. The different parts of the plant (leaves, fruiots, seeds, roots, bark and flowers) have multiple uses, both therapeutic and nutritional, with uses in human and animals. The leaves for example, are rich in minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds like phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, and alkaloids. It is reported that M. oleifera had anaphylactic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties. The present study focuses on the biological properties of Moringa so that it can be used in the treatment of viral diseases in chicken. Key words: Moringa oleifera, bioactive compounds, biological properties.
{"title":"Review on biological and immunomodulatory properties of Moringa oleifera in animal and human nutrition","authors":"Adouko S. Jacques, Soham Arnaud, Ohouko O. H. Fr ejus, D. Jacques","doi":"10.5897/jpp2019.0551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0551","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera, also called \"miracle tree\" or \"tree for life\" is a tree native from India. Highly resistant to drought, M. oleifera grows very well in tropical regions, including Benin. It is a plant with very high nutritional values. The different parts of the plant (leaves, fruiots, seeds, roots, bark and flowers) have multiple uses, both therapeutic and nutritional, with uses in human and animals. The leaves for example, are rich in minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds like phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, and alkaloids. It is reported that M. oleifera had anaphylactic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties. The present study focuses on the biological properties of Moringa so that it can be used in the treatment of viral diseases in chicken. Key words: Moringa oleifera, bioactive compounds, biological properties.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76305595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadogia cienkowskii is a shrub used in folklore medicine. Evaluations of the leaves were carried out to determine the macroscopic, microscopic, chemomicroscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical profiles using standard methods. The macroscopic examination revealed fresh leaves are green, odourless with a bitter taste. The leaf is oblong-elliptic in shape and sub-acute at apex; rounded at the base with entire margin. Microscopic examination indicated the presence of calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains, xylem, phloem, trichomes, epidermal cells, collenchyma cells, paracytic stomata and reticulate vessels. Chemomicroscopic characters present are lignin, starch, cellulose, mucilage and calcium oxalate crystals. The physicochemical evaluation indicated 4.6% moisture content, 1.4% total ash value, 0.8% acid insoluble ash value, 0.4% water soluble ash value, 7.8% water soluble extractive value and 9.0% alcohol soluble extractive value. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of tannins (17.6%), saponins (1%), glycosides (2.5%), alkaloids (3.3%), steroids (1.1%), terpenoids (6.6%), phenols (8.8%), flavonoids (17.7%) and the absence of hydrogen cyanide. This study is useful in pharmacognostic standardization of this plant. The parameters laid down will be useful and suitable for compilation of a monograph and help in identifying this plant in its crude form and prevent it from adulteration and ensure its therapeutic efficacy. Key words: Fadogia cienkowskii, pharmacognostic, phytochemical, physicochemical, macroscopic, microscopic, chemomicroscopic.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of Fadogia cienkowski Schweinf (Rubiaceae)","authors":"S. Bruce, F. Onyegbule, C. O. Ezugwu","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0552","url":null,"abstract":"Fadogia cienkowskii is a shrub used in folklore medicine. Evaluations of the leaves were carried out to determine the macroscopic, microscopic, chemomicroscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical profiles using standard methods. The macroscopic examination revealed fresh leaves are green, odourless with a bitter taste. The leaf is oblong-elliptic in shape and sub-acute at apex; rounded at the base with entire margin. Microscopic examination indicated the presence of calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains, xylem, phloem, trichomes, epidermal cells, collenchyma cells, paracytic stomata and reticulate vessels. Chemomicroscopic characters present are lignin, starch, cellulose, mucilage and calcium oxalate crystals. The physicochemical evaluation indicated 4.6% moisture content, 1.4% total ash value, 0.8% acid insoluble ash value, 0.4% water soluble ash value, 7.8% water soluble extractive value and 9.0% alcohol soluble extractive value. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of tannins (17.6%), saponins (1%), glycosides (2.5%), alkaloids (3.3%), steroids (1.1%), terpenoids (6.6%), phenols (8.8%), flavonoids (17.7%) and the absence of hydrogen cyanide. This study is useful in pharmacognostic standardization of this plant. The parameters laid down will be useful and suitable for compilation of a monograph and help in identifying this plant in its crude form and prevent it from adulteration and ensure its therapeutic efficacy. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fadogia cienkowskii, pharmacognostic, phytochemical, physicochemical, macroscopic, microscopic, chemomicroscopic.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83305936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alphonsine Ramdé-Tiendrébéogo, Moumouni Koala, Nabéré Ouattara, M. Lompo, I. Guissou
Acacia seyal and Acacia tortilis are used in the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional medicine by population in Northern Burkina Faso. Phytochemical screening by tube test and on HPTLC plates showed the presence of important chemical compounds in these plants. Determination of total phenolic content using method of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) and antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, showed that this biological activity is related to phenolic content. The trunk bark of A. tortilis had an important antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.01±0.01 µg/mL due to its highest content (p<0.05) of total phenolic compounds (383.19±0.07 mg GAE/g), of condensed tannins (18.21±0.04%) and flavonoids (66.09±0.06 mg QE/g). This antiradical activity was comparable to that of Trolox used as reference. Radical scavenging activity of leaves of A. seyal was also significant with IC50 value of 0.02±0.01 µg/mL. Its total phenolic compounds, condensed tannins and flavonoids were estimated at 371.43±0.09 mg GAE/g, 14.24±0.00% and 52.72±0.10 mg QE/g, respectively. This study shows that local plants adapted to drought could make an interesting source of molecules with antioxidant property in the prevention and the treatment of infectious diseases. Key words: Sahel plants, infectious diseases, phenolic compounds, radical scavenging.
{"title":"A comparative study of phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Sahelian plants used in the treatment of infectious diseases in northern part of Burkina Faso: Acacia seyal Delile and Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. raddiana (Savi)","authors":"Alphonsine Ramdé-Tiendrébéogo, Moumouni Koala, Nabéré Ouattara, M. Lompo, I. Guissou","doi":"10.5897/jpp2019.0555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0555","url":null,"abstract":"Acacia seyal and Acacia tortilis are used in the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional medicine by population in Northern Burkina Faso. Phytochemical screening by tube test and on HPTLC plates showed the presence of important chemical compounds in these plants. Determination of total phenolic content using method of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) and antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, showed that this biological activity is related to phenolic content. The trunk bark of A. tortilis had an important antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.01±0.01 µg/mL due to its highest content (p<0.05) of total phenolic compounds (383.19±0.07 mg GAE/g), of condensed tannins (18.21±0.04%) and flavonoids (66.09±0.06 mg QE/g). This antiradical activity was comparable to that of Trolox used as reference. Radical scavenging activity of leaves of A. seyal was also significant with IC50 value of 0.02±0.01 µg/mL. Its total phenolic compounds, condensed tannins and flavonoids were estimated at 371.43±0.09 mg GAE/g, 14.24±0.00% and 52.72±0.10 mg QE/g, respectively. This study shows that local plants adapted to drought could make an interesting source of molecules with antioxidant property in the prevention and the treatment of infectious diseases. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sahel plants, infectious diseases, phenolic compounds, radical scavenging.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82282182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arcella, M. Oliva, Sabrina Staffieri, M. Sánchez, M. Madonna, S. Castaldo, F. Giangaspero, L. Frati
Tea Tree oil (TTO), the essential oil from the Australian native Melaleuca alternifolia has demonstrated a variety of beneficial efficacies including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory. This report discusses data obtained on the in vitro activity of TTO on human glioblastoma cells U87MG. Cell viability was examined by 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Growth was investigated by incubating cells with various concentrations of TTO (0.025 and 0.05 %) for 24, 48 or 72 h and daily cell count. Cell cycle and apoptosis assay were assessed by flow citometry. TTO decreased cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. . The cell cycle distribution showed that TTO enhanced the accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase. The analysis by Western blot of protein related to cell cycle (CDK2 and p27), cell apoptosis (caspase 6 and 8), necrosis (TNFR1 and RIP1) demonstrated that TTO induces U87MG growth inhibition by more synergic mechanisms: necrosis, low level apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. TTO induces also in vivo glioblastoma tumor growth inhibition in a murine subcutaneous model. Key words: Brain cancer, tea tree oil, terpinol, glioblastoma, natural drug, adjuvant chemotherapy, temozolomide, apoptosis, cell cycle.
{"title":"Tea tree oil a new natural adjuvant for inhibiting glioblastoma growth","authors":"A. Arcella, M. Oliva, Sabrina Staffieri, M. Sánchez, M. Madonna, S. Castaldo, F. Giangaspero, L. Frati","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0549","url":null,"abstract":"Tea Tree oil (TTO), the essential oil from the Australian native Melaleuca alternifolia has demonstrated a variety of beneficial efficacies including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory. This report discusses data obtained on the in vitro activity of TTO on human glioblastoma cells U87MG. Cell viability was examined by 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Growth was investigated by incubating cells with various concentrations of TTO (0.025 and 0.05 %) for 24, 48 or 72 h and daily cell count. Cell cycle and apoptosis assay were assessed by flow citometry. TTO decreased cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. . The cell cycle distribution showed that TTO enhanced the accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase. The analysis by Western blot of protein related to cell cycle (CDK2 and p27), cell apoptosis (caspase 6 and 8), necrosis (TNFR1 and RIP1) demonstrated that TTO induces U87MG growth inhibition by more synergic mechanisms: necrosis, low level apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. TTO induces also in vivo glioblastoma tumor growth inhibition in a murine subcutaneous model. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Brain cancer, tea tree oil, terpinol, glioblastoma, natural drug, adjuvant chemotherapy, temozolomide, apoptosis, cell cycle.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75092113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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