Zingiber officinale is known for its cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties. The use of traditional medicine reduces the use of drugs with a risk of toxicity. This study aims to assess the effects of ethanol extract of Z. officinale and atorvastatin on lipid parameters in rats fed with high-fat diet. The experiment was carried out on 40 rats during 9 weeks. The animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1 (normal healthy controls), group 2 (hypercholesterolemic diet controls), group 3 (treated with ethanol extract of Z. officinal at 500 mg / kg / day) and group 4 (treated with Atorvastatin at 20 mg/kg/day). It has been shown, respectively in groups 3 and 4, a stable body weight (289 vs 282 g) and a highly significant reduction of cholesterol (295.9 vs 275.1 mg/dl), total triglycerides (46.8 vs 41.9 mg/dl) and LDL (278.2 vs 259.1 mg/dl), but not a significant increase in HDL (8.6 vs 7.8 mg/dl). Results showed that Z. officinale is similar to Atorvastatin as a cholesterol-lowering agent in the treatment of patients exposed to risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, combination regimens containing ginger and low dose of statins could be advantageous in treating hypercholesterolemic patients. Key words: Zingiber officinale, cholesterol, antioxidant, Atorvastatine, cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Comparative study between effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale and Atorvastatine on lipid profile in rats","authors":"A. Berroukche, A. Attaoui, M. Loth","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0369","url":null,"abstract":"Zingiber officinale is known for its cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties. The use of traditional medicine reduces the use of drugs with a risk of toxicity. This study aims to assess the effects of ethanol extract of Z. officinale and atorvastatin on lipid parameters in rats fed with high-fat diet. The experiment was carried out on 40 rats during 9 weeks. The animals were divided into 4 groups; group 1 (normal healthy controls), group 2 (hypercholesterolemic diet controls), group 3 (treated with ethanol extract of Z. officinal at 500 mg / kg / day) and group 4 (treated with Atorvastatin at 20 mg/kg/day). It has been shown, respectively in groups 3 and 4, a stable body weight (289 vs 282 g) and a highly significant reduction of cholesterol (295.9 vs 275.1 mg/dl), total triglycerides (46.8 vs 41.9 mg/dl) and LDL (278.2 vs 259.1 mg/dl), but not a significant increase in HDL (8.6 vs 7.8 mg/dl). Results showed that Z. officinale is similar to Atorvastatin as a cholesterol-lowering agent in the treatment of patients exposed to risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, combination regimens containing ginger and low dose of statins could be advantageous in treating hypercholesterolemic patients. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Zingiber officinale, cholesterol, antioxidant, Atorvastatine, cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"11 1","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86614897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Veerakumar, Safreen Shaikh Dawood Amanulla, K. Ramanathan
Medicinal plant extracts are known to possess breast cancer antidote. The present investigation is focused on anticancer efficacy of various parts of Annona squamosa. The organic (ethanol) extracts from various parts of Annona squamosa were prepared using soxhlet apparatus and tested for in vitro anticancer efficacy on Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results obtained from MTT assay showed that the inhibitory concentration values of bark, peel and seed were found to be approximately 20, 30 and 10 μg/ml, respectively The ethanolic seed extract had high anticancer activity with IC50 value of 10 ug/ml, reveals that A. squamosa inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 by inducing apoptosis. The plant investigated has anti-cancer activity; hence further studies should be carried out for the isolation of the lead molecules from the parts of the plant to treat the breast cancer. Key words: Annona squamosa, MCF-7 cell line, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, anti-cancer activity.
{"title":"Anti-cancer efficacy of ethanolic extracts from various parts of Annona Squamosa on MCF-7 cell line","authors":"S. Veerakumar, Safreen Shaikh Dawood Amanulla, K. Ramanathan","doi":"10.5897/JPP2016.0398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2016.0398","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plant extracts are known to possess breast cancer antidote. The present investigation is focused on anticancer efficacy of various parts of Annona squamosa. The organic (ethanol) extracts from various parts of Annona squamosa were prepared using soxhlet apparatus and tested for in vitro anticancer efficacy on Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results obtained from MTT assay showed that the inhibitory concentration values of bark, peel and seed were found to be approximately 20, 30 and 10 μg/ml, respectively The ethanolic seed extract had high anticancer activity with IC50 value of 10 ug/ml, reveals that A. squamosa inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 by inducing apoptosis. The plant investigated has anti-cancer activity; hence further studies should be carried out for the isolation of the lead molecules from the parts of the plant to treat the breast cancer. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Annona squamosa, MCF-7 cell line, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, anti-cancer activity.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"36 1","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81639344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of aerial parts extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Thirty one bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS fragment-ions and pharmacological actions. GC-MS and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses of O. basilicum revealed the existence of Paromomycin, Stevioside, Campesterol and Ascaridole epoxide, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxlic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, H-bonded H-X group, hydrogen bonded alcohols and phenols. Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of O. basilicum was assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 5.70±0.10 to 0.55±0.29 mm for all treatments. Key words: GC/MS, Bioactive compounds, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Ocimum basilicum.
{"title":"Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity and bioactive chemical analysis of Ocimum basilicum using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques","authors":"M. Kadhim, Azhar Abdulameer Sosa, I. Hameed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0366","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of aerial parts extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Thirty one bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS fragment-ions and pharmacological actions. GC-MS and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses of O. basilicum revealed the existence of Paromomycin, Stevioside, Campesterol and Ascaridole epoxide, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxlic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, H-bonded H-X group, hydrogen bonded alcohols and phenols. Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of O. basilicum was assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 5.70±0.10 to 0.55±0.29 mm for all treatments. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: GC/MS, Bioactive compounds, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Ocimum basilicum.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"64 1","pages":"127-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91539621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a de novo drug design study that aimed to create novel structures based on the alkaloid Huperzine A, capable of inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme ligand binding pocket (AChE_LBP) for the management of Alzheimer’s disease. The X-ray crystallographic model of the Torpedo Californica AChE complexed to Huperzine A was identified from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 1VOT). Molecular visualisation and modelling was carried out using SYBYL® 1.2, in silico predicted ligand binding affinity (LBA) was quantified using XSCORE_V1.3 and de novo drug design was carried out using LIGBUILDER®V1.2. Two seed structures were constructed in SYBYL® 1.2 according to a methodology that took into account the relationship between molecular structure and biological activity as described in the literature. Based on SAR data derived from Huperzine A, the points considered to be critical for binding were retained in each seed and planted into the AChE_LBP with growth being allowed according to defined parameters of LIGBUILDER®V1.2. The implication of this study consequently is that novel structures compliant to Lipinski’s Rule of 5 may be promoted to second level drug design which could lead to identification of novel AChE inhibitors with better potency and a low side effect profile. Key words: de novo drug design, Huperzine A, acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer’s disease, Lipinski’s Rule of 5.
这是一项全新的药物设计研究，旨在创建基于生物碱石杉碱a的新型结构，能够抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)酶配体结合袋(AChE_LBP)，用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。从蛋白质数据库(PDB ID 1VOT)中鉴定了加利福尼亚鱼雷乙酰胆碱与石杉碱A络合的x射线晶体学模型。使用SYBYL®1.2进行分子可视化和建模，使用XSCORE_V1.3定量预测配体结合亲和力(LBA)，使用LIGBUILDER®V1.2进行从头药物设计。根据文献中描述的考虑分子结构与生物活性关系的方法，在SYBYL®1.2中构建了两个种子结构。根据来自石杉碱A的SAR数据，保留每个种子中被认为对结合至关重要的点，并根据LIGBUILDER®V1.2定义的参数种植到AChE_LBP中，允许生长。因此，本研究的意义是，符合Lipinski 5法则的新结构可能被提升到二级药物设计，这可能导致鉴定出具有更好效力和低副作用的新型AChE抑制剂。关键词:新药物设计，石杉碱A，乙酰胆碱酯酶，阿尔茨海默病，利平斯基5法则
{"title":"Design and optimisation of novel Huperzine A analogues capable of modulating the acetylcholinesterase receptor for the management of Alzheimers disease","authors":"Sara Bonavia, C. Shoemake","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0374","url":null,"abstract":"This is a de novo drug design study that aimed to create novel structures based on the alkaloid Huperzine A, capable of inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme ligand binding pocket (AChE_LBP) for the management of Alzheimer’s disease. The X-ray crystallographic model of the Torpedo Californica AChE complexed to Huperzine A was identified from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 1VOT). Molecular visualisation and modelling was carried out using SYBYL® 1.2, in silico predicted ligand binding affinity (LBA) was quantified using XSCORE_V1.3 and de novo drug design was carried out using LIGBUILDER®V1.2. Two seed structures were constructed in SYBYL® 1.2 according to a methodology that took into account the relationship between molecular structure and biological activity as described in the literature. Based on SAR data derived from Huperzine A, the points considered to be critical for binding were retained in each seed and planted into the AChE_LBP with growth being allowed according to defined parameters of LIGBUILDER®V1.2. The implication of this study consequently is that novel structures compliant to Lipinski’s Rule of 5 may be promoted to second level drug design which could lead to identification of novel AChE inhibitors with better potency and a low side effect profile. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: de novo drug design, Huperzine A, acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer’s disease, Lipinski’s Rule of 5.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78311096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Euphorbia lathyrus using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Azhar Abduameer Sosa, Suhaila Husaein Bagi, I. Hameed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0371","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was determination the phytochemical composition of methanolic seeds extract of Euphorbia lathyrus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of E. lathyrus revealed the existence of the Carbonic acid, (ethyl)(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) diester, 1H-Pyrrole,2,5-dihydro-1-nitroso, Hexanal dimethyl acetal, Isosorbide dinitrate, DL-Arabinose, Cyclopropane,1-fluoro-1-(2-bromoethenyl)-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl, α-D-Glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-s-d-fruc, Desulphosinigrin, D-Glucose, 6-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl, Octanoic acid, Benzofuran,2,3-dihydro, 6-Acetyl-s-d-mannose, Estragole, Ascaridole epoxide, 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenol, 4-Amino-1,5,pentandioic acid, l-Gala-l-ido-octonic lactone, y-Sitosterol, Tetradecanoic acid, l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, Estra -1,3,5(10)-trien-17s-ol, Propanoic acid,2-(3-acetoxy-4,4,14-trimethylandrost-8-en-17-yl), Cis-13-Eicosenoic acid, Eicosanoic acid, 3-Pyrinecarboxylic acid, 2,7,10-tris(acetyloxy)-1,1a,2,3,4,6,7,10, Oleic acid, eicosyl ester, Butanoic acid, 4-chloro-,1,1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9-decahydro-4a, Ethyl iso–allocholate, Ethyl iso –allocholate, Olean-12-ene-3,15,16,21,22,28-hexol, (3s,15α,16α,21s,22α)- and 2,4,6-Decatrienoic acid,1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-5,5a-dihy. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of E. lathyrus seeds proved the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxlic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, hydrogen bonded alcohols, and phenols. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), bioactive compounds, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Euphorbia lathyrus.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"183 1","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80435145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparative study of the volatile terpene fraction isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis attacked by the gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa) and from the healthy leaves of the plant was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 59 components representing 89.13 and 88.6%, respectively, of their total volatile fraction contents were analyzed. Of these volatiles, 26 compounds with concentrations greater than (0.1± 0.02%) have been used for statistical comparison. A number of 21of these compounds were identified, in different concentrations, in the leaves volatile fraction of both healthy plants and plants attacked by the wasps. The other 5 volatiles: p-mentha-2-4(8) diene, δ-elemene, β-elemene, E-caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene, were exclusively found in the volatile fraction of the attacked leaves. The newly produced compounds in the attacked leaves or the change in concentration of those commonly found in that fraction, could be part of the plant defense mechanisms, or/and an element of the plant allelopathic and communication mechanisms. Identifying the components of the gall wasp-damaged leaves can help in their recycling for different physiological, pharmacological and medicinal uses. Key words: Eucalyptus, gall wasp, plant defense mechanisms, plant recycling, terpene fraction.
{"title":"The interaction between the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa and Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves: A study of phyto-volatile metabolites","authors":"M. Mohamed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0384","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study of the volatile terpene fraction isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis attacked by the gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa) and from the healthy leaves of the plant was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 59 components representing 89.13 and 88.6%, respectively, of their total volatile fraction contents were analyzed. Of these volatiles, 26 compounds with concentrations greater than (0.1± 0.02%) have been used for statistical comparison. A number of 21of these compounds were identified, in different concentrations, in the leaves volatile fraction of both healthy plants and plants attacked by the wasps. The other 5 volatiles: p-mentha-2-4(8) diene, δ-elemene, β-elemene, E-caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene, were exclusively found in the volatile fraction of the attacked leaves. The newly produced compounds in the attacked leaves or the change in concentration of those commonly found in that fraction, could be part of the plant defense mechanisms, or/and an element of the plant allelopathic and communication mechanisms. Identifying the components of the gall wasp-damaged leaves can help in their recycling for different physiological, pharmacological and medicinal uses. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Eucalyptus, gall wasp, plant defense mechanisms, plant recycling, terpene fraction.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78200156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of seeds extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Fifty six bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS Fragment- ions and Pharmacological actions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of F. vulgare seeds proved the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxlic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, hydrogen bonded alcohols and phenols. Key words: Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), bioactive compounds, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Foeniculum vulgare.
{"title":"Study of chemical composition of Foeniculum vulgare using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry","authors":"Hussein J. Hussein, M. Hadi, I. Hameed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0372","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of seeds extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Fifty six bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS Fragment- ions and Pharmacological actions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of F. vulgare seeds proved the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxlic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, hydrogen bonded alcohols and phenols. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), bioactive compounds, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Foeniculum vulgare.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"43 1","pages":"60-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87237733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition from the dried galls of Quercus infectoria, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using infrared (IR) technique. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Twelve bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Q. infectoria. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of Q. infectoria revealed the existence of the Cis-p-mentha -1(7),8-dien-2-ol, 3-Nonynoic acid, Urea, N,N´-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 3-Trifluoroacetoxypentadecane, Pterin -6-carboxylic acid, 2,2-Difluoroheptacosanoic acid, y-Sitosterol, Spirost-8-en-11-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3s,5α,14s,20s,22s,25R)-, Curan,16,17-didehydro-,(20xi.)-, 17.alfa.21s-28,30-Bisnorhopane, Ethyl iso-allocholate, Milbemycin B,6,28-anhydro-15-chloro-25-isopropyl-13-dehydro-5-. The Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis of Q. infectoria proved the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, nitro compounds, alkanes, hydrogen bonded alcohols, and phenols. Key words: Quercus infectoria, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, phytochemicals.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening of methanolic dried galls extract of Quercus infectoria using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR)","authors":"A. Hussein, G. Mohammed, M. Hadi, I. Hameed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0368","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition from the dried galls of Quercus infectoria, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using infrared (IR) technique. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Twelve bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Q. infectoria. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of Q. infectoria revealed the existence of the Cis-p-mentha -1(7),8-dien-2-ol, 3-Nonynoic acid, Urea, N,N´-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 3-Trifluoroacetoxypentadecane, Pterin -6-carboxylic acid, 2,2-Difluoroheptacosanoic acid, y-Sitosterol, Spirost-8-en-11-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3s,5α,14s,20s,22s,25R)-, Curan,16,17-didehydro-,(20xi.)-, 17.alfa.21s-28,30-Bisnorhopane, Ethyl iso-allocholate, Milbemycin B,6,28-anhydro-15-chloro-25-isopropyl-13-dehydro-5-. The Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis of Q. infectoria proved the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, nitro compounds, alkanes, hydrogen bonded alcohols, and phenols. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quercus infectoria, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"35 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84684293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Forty four bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic leaves extract of Cassia angustifolia. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. angustifolia revealed the existence of the 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanon, 2-propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol, estragole, benzene, 1-ethynyl-4-fluoro-, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, anethole, 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one,6-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, E-9-tetradecenoic acid, caryophyllene, cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-, (3s,5α)-, Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-, s-curcumene, 7-epi-cis-sesquisabinene hydrate, Cyclohexene, 3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-6-methylene-,[S-(R*,S*)]-m, octahydrobenzo[b]pyran, 4a-acetoxy-5,5,8a,-trimethyl, dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy, tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile, 1-ethenyl 3, trans(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,cis-methoxycyclohexan-1-ol, phen-1,4-diol,2,3-dimethyl-5-trifluoromethyl, 5-benzofuranacetic acid, 6-ethenyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,6-dime, 5-benzofuranacetic acid, 6-ethenyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,6-dime, phytol, acetate, desulphosiniqrin, oxiraneundecanoic acid, 3-pentyl-,methyl ester, cis,Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl ester, butanoic acid, 1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-5,5adihydroxy-4-(h), 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E) and Diisooctyl phthalate. C. angustifolia was highly active against Aspergillus terreus (6.01±0.27). Key words: Antifungal, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, phytochemicals, Cassia angustifolia.
{"title":"Determination of metabolites products by Cassia angustifolia and evaluate antimicobial activity","authors":"A. Al-Marzoqi, M. Hadi, I. Hameed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0367","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Forty four bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic leaves extract of Cassia angustifolia. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. angustifolia revealed the existence of the 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanon, 2-propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol, estragole, benzene, 1-ethynyl-4-fluoro-, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, anethole, 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one,6-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, E-9-tetradecenoic acid, caryophyllene, cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-, (3s,5α)-, Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-, s-curcumene, 7-epi-cis-sesquisabinene hydrate, Cyclohexene, 3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-6-methylene-,[S-(R*,S*)]-m, octahydrobenzo[b]pyran, 4a-acetoxy-5,5,8a,-trimethyl, dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy, tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile, 1-ethenyl 3, trans(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,cis-methoxycyclohexan-1-ol, phen-1,4-diol,2,3-dimethyl-5-trifluoromethyl, 5-benzofuranacetic acid, 6-ethenyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,6-dime, 5-benzofuranacetic acid, 6-ethenyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3,6-dime, phytol, acetate, desulphosiniqrin, oxiraneundecanoic acid, 3-pentyl-,methyl ester, cis,Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl ester, butanoic acid, 1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-5,5adihydroxy-4-(h), 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E) and Diisooctyl phthalate. C. angustifolia was highly active against Aspergillus terreus (6.01±0.27). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antifungal, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, phytochemicals, Cassia angustifolia.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"83 1","pages":"25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75910592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Twenty eight bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Nigella sativa. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Nigella sativa revealed the existence of the s-Pinene, D-Glucose, 6-O-α-Dgalactopyranosyl, O-Cymene, DL-Arabinose, Trans-4-methoxy thujane, 2-Propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol, Terpinen-4-ol, α- D-Glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-s-D-fruc, Thymoquinone, 2-Isopropylidene-5-methylhex-4-enal, Limonen-6-ol, pivalate, Longifolene, 2-(4-Nitrobutyryl)cyclooctanone, s-Bisabolene, 1,1-Diphenyl-4-phenylthiobut-3-en-1-ol, Phenol, 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl, Pyrrolidin-2-one-3s-(propanoic acid, methyl ester),5-methylene-4α, Cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-,(3s,5α), l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester, 1-Heptatriacotanol, 10,13-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester, E,E,Z-1,3,12-Nonadecatriene-5,14-diol, 9-Octadecenamide,(Z), 2H-Benzo[f]oxireno[2,3-E]benzofuran-8(9H)-one,9-[2-(dimethylar, Phthalic acid, decyl oct-3-yl ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(8-methylnonyl) ester and Stiqmasterol. Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Nigella sativa, phytochemicals.
植物化学物质是通常被称为次生代谢产物的化合物。从黑草甲醇提取物中鉴定出28种生物活性化合物。植物化学化合物的鉴定是基于峰面积、保留时间、分子量和分子式。气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析表明，黑草中存在s-蒎烯、d -葡萄糖、6-O-α-二半乳糖基、O- cymene、dl -阿拉伯糖、反-4-甲氧基thujane、2-丙基四氢吡喃-3-醇、松油烯-4-醇、α- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷、O-α- d -葡萄糖吡喃基-(1 - fwdar3)-s- d -fruc、百里醌、2-异丙基-5-甲基己烯醛、柠檬烯-6-醇、戊酸酯、长叶烯、2-(4-硝基叔丁基)环辛酮、s-双abolene、1,1-二苯基-4-苯基硫丁-3-烯-1-醇、苯酚、4-methoxy-2 3 6-trimethyl Pyrrolidin-2-one-3s -(丙酸甲酯),5-methylene-4α,Cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene - (3 s, 5α),l -(+)抗坏血酸2,6-dihexadecanoate, 9日12-Octadecadienoic酸(Z Z) -甲基酯,1-Heptatriacotanol, 10日13-Eicosadienoic酸甲酯,E, E, Z 1, 3, 12-Nonadecatriene-5, 14-diol, 9-Octadecenamide, (Z), 2 h-benzo [f] oxireno [2, 3 E] benzofuran-8 (9 h)——9 -[2 -(邻苯二甲酸,dimethylar癸oct-3-yl酯,1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic酸,双(8-甲基壬基)酯和松香醇。关键词:气相色谱-质谱，傅里叶变换红外光谱，黑草，植物化学
{"title":"Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Nigella sativa using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"M. Hadi, G. Mohammed, I. Hameed","doi":"10.5897/JPP2015.0364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0364","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Twenty eight bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Nigella sativa. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Nigella sativa revealed the existence of the s-Pinene, D-Glucose, 6-O-α-Dgalactopyranosyl, O-Cymene, DL-Arabinose, Trans-4-methoxy thujane, 2-Propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol, Terpinen-4-ol, α- D-Glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-s-D-fruc, Thymoquinone, 2-Isopropylidene-5-methylhex-4-enal, Limonen-6-ol, pivalate, Longifolene, 2-(4-Nitrobutyryl)cyclooctanone, s-Bisabolene, 1,1-Diphenyl-4-phenylthiobut-3-en-1-ol, Phenol, 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl, Pyrrolidin-2-one-3s-(propanoic acid, methyl ester),5-methylene-4α, Cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-,(3s,5α), l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester, 1-Heptatriacotanol, 10,13-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester, E,E,Z-1,3,12-Nonadecatriene-5,14-diol, 9-Octadecenamide,(Z), 2H-Benzo[f]oxireno[2,3-E]benzofuran-8(9H)-one,9-[2-(dimethylar, Phthalic acid, decyl oct-3-yl ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(8-methylnonyl) ester and Stiqmasterol. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Nigella sativa, phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"124 1","pages":"8-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73535462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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