Nanoparticles, because of their diversified applications in the field of modern medicine, have gained a lot of importance thrust area. In the present investigation, synthesis and characterization of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their antimicrobial effect on certain pathogenic bacteria were studied. AgNPs were prepared by green synthesis process using stem extract of Euphorbia nivulia, from 1 mM AgNO3 solution. The color change was observed after the addition of AgNO3 due to the surface plasmon vibration. The detailed characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Vis spectrometry at 400 to 700 nm; maximum absorption peak was observed at 432 nm. FTIR analysis showed the functional groups involved in the AgNPs formation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the structure and the size of nanoparticles spherical and 20-90 nm respectively. The antimicrobial activity screened for eight bacterial strains and one fungal strain. AgNPs showed highest inhibition (33.5±0.5) against Escherichia coli, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.5 ±0.5), Bacillus subtilis (29 ±1) Salmonella typhimurium (28±1), Bacillus cereus (27±1) Staphylococcus aureus (24.5 ±1.5) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.5 ±0.5) and one fungal strain Candida albicans (26±1). Key words: Euphorbia nivulia, stem bark, silver nanoparticles, characterization, antimicrobial activity.
纳米粒子由于其在现代医学领域的广泛应用，获得了许多重要的研究热点。本文研究了银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)的合成、表征及其对病原菌的抑菌作用。以大戟茎提取物为原料，以1 mM AgNO3溶液为原料，采用绿色合成工艺制备AgNPs。加入AgNO3后，由于表面等离激元的振动，颜色发生了变化。采用紫外-可见光谱法在400 ~ 700 nm波段对纳米颗粒进行了详细表征;在432 nm处观察到最大吸收峰。FTIR分析显示了参与AgNPs形成的官能团。扫描电镜(SEM)显示了纳米颗粒的结构和尺寸，分别为球形和20 ~ 90 nm。筛选出8株细菌和1株真菌的抑菌活性。AgNPs对大肠杆菌的抑制率最高(33.5±0.5)，其次是铜绿假单胞菌(30.5±0.5)、枯草芽孢杆菌(29±1)、鼠伤寒沙门菌(28±1)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(27±1)、金黄色葡萄球菌(24.5±1.5)、肺炎克雷伯菌(23.5±0.5)和1株白色念珠菌(26±1)。关键词:牛黄，茎皮，纳米银，表征，抗菌活性
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles through reduction with Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham., stem bark extract: Characterization and antimicrobial activity","authors":"N. S. Devi, Y. Padma, R. Raju","doi":"10.5897/JPP2020.0577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2020.0577","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles, because of their diversified applications in the field of modern medicine, have gained a lot of importance thrust area. In the present investigation, synthesis and characterization of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their antimicrobial effect on certain pathogenic bacteria were studied. AgNPs were prepared by green synthesis process using stem extract of Euphorbia nivulia, from 1 mM AgNO3 solution. The color change was observed after the addition of AgNO3 due to the surface plasmon vibration. The detailed characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Vis spectrometry at 400 to 700 nm; maximum absorption peak was observed at 432 nm. FTIR analysis showed the functional groups involved in the AgNPs formation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the structure and the size of nanoparticles spherical and 20-90 nm respectively. The antimicrobial activity screened for eight bacterial strains and one fungal strain. AgNPs showed highest inhibition (33.5±0.5) against Escherichia coli, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.5 ±0.5), Bacillus subtilis (29 ±1) Salmonella typhimurium (28±1), Bacillus cereus (27±1) Staphylococcus aureus (24.5 ±1.5) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.5 ±0.5) and one fungal strain Candida albicans (26±1). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Euphorbia nivulia, stem bark, silver nanoparticles, characterization, antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"241 1","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77269209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Adjei-Hinneh, G. Komlaga, Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, A. Mensah
Amphimas pterocarpoides is used traditionally for the treatment of oedema, infections, malaria and skin diseases. This study described pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of the leaf and stem bark. The carrageenan-induced foot oedema and the baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities respectively. The leaf of A. pterocarpoides is oddly pinnate compound, oblong in shape with acuminate apex and obtuse base. The stem bark is scaly and rugged and exudes a reddish resin when bruised. Leaf microscopy displayed wavy-walled epidermal cells, paracytic stomata, glandular and clothing trichomes, bean-shaped lignified vascular bundle, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. The leaf (APL) and stem bark (APSB) extracts (30-300 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited foot oedema in chicks with maximum percentage inhibition of 76.65 ± 6.27% and 77.04 ± 2.53% respectively [ED50 = 225.3± 31.52 mg/kg (APL) and 178.9 ± 29.57 mg/kg (APSB)]. APL, APSB and paracetamol also showed significant antipyretic activity [ED50 = 70.95 ± 9.24 mg/kg (APL), 27.02 ± 1.96 mg/kg (APSB), 32.47 ± 3.03 mg/kg (Paracetamol)]. Tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, triterpenoids and coumarins were identified in A. pterocarpoides. This study has provided essential diagnostic characteristics for the quality control of A. pterocarpoides and justified its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Key words: Pharmacognosy, carrageenan, Amphimas pterocarpoides, pyrexia, inflammation.
{"title":"Quality control standardization and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the leaves and stem bark of Amphimas pterocarpoides harms (Leguminosae)","authors":"George Adjei-Hinneh, G. Komlaga, Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, A. Mensah","doi":"10.5897/JPP2020.0602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2020.0602","url":null,"abstract":"Amphimas pterocarpoides is used traditionally for the treatment of oedema, infections, malaria and skin diseases. This study described pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of the leaf and stem bark. The carrageenan-induced foot oedema and the baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities respectively. The leaf of A. pterocarpoides is oddly pinnate compound, oblong in shape with acuminate apex and obtuse base. The stem bark is scaly and rugged and exudes a reddish resin when bruised. Leaf microscopy displayed wavy-walled epidermal cells, paracytic stomata, glandular and clothing trichomes, bean-shaped lignified vascular bundle, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. The leaf (APL) and stem bark (APSB) extracts (30-300 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited foot oedema in chicks with maximum percentage inhibition of 76.65 ± 6.27% and 77.04 ± 2.53% respectively [ED50 = 225.3± 31.52 mg/kg (APL) and 178.9 ± 29.57 mg/kg (APSB)]. APL, APSB and paracetamol also showed significant antipyretic activity [ED50 = 70.95 ± 9.24 mg/kg (APL), 27.02 ± 1.96 mg/kg (APSB), 32.47 ± 3.03 mg/kg (Paracetamol)]. Tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols, triterpenoids and coumarins were identified in A. pterocarpoides. This study has provided essential diagnostic characteristics for the quality control of A. pterocarpoides and justified its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Pharmacognosy, carrageenan, Amphimas pterocarpoides, pyrexia, inflammation.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"77 1","pages":"46-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88016334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of Grewia tenax and Albizia anthelmintica in treating different ailments is attracting significant attention as a primary health care option in Namibia. This study aims to document their ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethnobotanical uses of G. tenax and A. anthelmintica in treating respiratory conditions were documented. Organic (ethyl acetate) and aqueous extracts were screened for phytochemical composition using the thin-layer chromatography method. The total phenol content was determined using the Folin and Ciocalteu reagent method. In vitro antioxidant activity was based on the scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl free radical. Antibacterial activity of extracts (200.0 µg/ml) and antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion method. G. tenax and A. anthelmintica are commonly used to treat pneumonic symptoms. Steam inhalation and decoction are the most common methods used in preparing remedies. While alkaloid, flavonoid, and coumarins were detected in all extracts, organic extract of A. anthelmintica showed higher total phenol content of 28.5 ± 0. 5 mg GAE/g. G. tenax organic extract showed higher in-vitro antioxidant activity of 83.3±0.1%. The pathogens showed resistance to 10 µg of penicillin G, and Co-Trimoxazol, however, A. anthelmintica organic twig extracts inhibited the growth of the bacteria with average inhibition ranging between 17.5±0.6 - 20.7±0.6, mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50.0 µg/mL. These findings are the first to report on the ethnomedicine of G. tenax and A. anthelmintica in Namibia and their effectiveness in killing pneumonia-causing bacteria. Key words: Phytochemical screening, total phenol content, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, pneumonia, antibiotic resistance, G. tenax, A. anthelmintica.
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical characterization, and antibacterial activity of Grewia tenax and Albizia anthelmintica extracts against multidrug-resistant pneumonia-causing bacteria","authors":"A. M. Shatri, Davis R Mumbengegwi","doi":"10.5897/JPP2020.0601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2020.0601","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Grewia tenax and Albizia anthelmintica in treating different ailments is attracting significant attention as a primary health care option in Namibia. This study aims to document their ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethnobotanical uses of G. tenax and A. anthelmintica in treating respiratory conditions were documented. Organic (ethyl acetate) and aqueous extracts were screened for phytochemical composition using the thin-layer chromatography method. The total phenol content was determined using the Folin and Ciocalteu reagent method. In vitro antioxidant activity was based on the scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl free radical. Antibacterial activity of extracts (200.0 µg/ml) and antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion method. G. tenax and A. anthelmintica are commonly used to treat pneumonic symptoms. Steam inhalation and decoction are the most common methods used in preparing remedies. While alkaloid, flavonoid, and coumarins were detected in all extracts, organic extract of A. anthelmintica showed higher total phenol content of 28.5 ± 0. 5 mg GAE/g. G. tenax organic extract showed higher in-vitro antioxidant activity of 83.3±0.1%. The pathogens showed resistance to 10 µg of penicillin G, and Co-Trimoxazol, however, A. anthelmintica organic twig extracts inhibited the growth of the bacteria with average inhibition ranging between 17.5±0.6 - 20.7±0.6, mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50.0 µg/mL. These findings are the first to report on the ethnomedicine of G. tenax and A. anthelmintica in Namibia and their effectiveness in killing pneumonia-causing bacteria. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phytochemical screening, total phenol content, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, pneumonia, antibiotic resistance, G. tenax, A. anthelmintica.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88281608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Adeniran, E. Oguntade, T. S. Anjorin, O. Ajagbonna
This work aims to explore the epidemiological status of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and assemblage of various plant species that have prophylactic or therapeutic potentials on the disease. Epidemiological data were obtained from various health authorities worldwide and articles (totaling 103) published in standard journals from 2002-2020 on medicinal plants used in treating the disease and similar diseases. Epidemiological records of COVID-19 regional epidemic in Africa as of 29th July, 2020 indicated South Africa as the epicenter of the disease; its continental index case was in Egypt on 14th February, 2020. This was transmitted via an individual with traveling history from highly COVID burdened nations. Recent records revealed that the new cases of the disease have started trending locally with a person to person contact especially among those without travel history. There were about 874,036 cases in Africa with about 18,498 deaths recorded within the time frame of this study. The age groups mostly affected were 20-49 years with males’ frequency marginally surpassing that of females. Seventy-five medicinal plant species from 41 families were recorded. Identified plants are indigenous to both the tropical and subtropical regions. Their medicinal potentials for treating human viral diseases are well described in Africa. Family Lamiaceae have the highest number of plant species (14.6%) used in managing COVID-19 and other related diseases. Asteraceae (12.3%) and Apiaceae (9.7%) families ranked second and third, respectively. Further studies on these plants with promising anti-SARS-CoV 2 properties on different experimental models for subsequent development of nutraceuticals and herbal medicine is imperative. Key words: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Africa, epidemiology, medicinal plants.
{"title":"Epidemiological status of coronavirus diseases and the remedy potentials of medicinal plants in Africa","authors":"L. Adeniran, E. Oguntade, T. S. Anjorin, O. Ajagbonna","doi":"10.5897/JPP2020.0581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2020.0581","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to explore the epidemiological status of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and assemblage of various plant species that have prophylactic or therapeutic potentials on the disease. Epidemiological data were obtained from various health authorities worldwide and articles (totaling 103) published in standard journals from 2002-2020 on medicinal plants used in treating the disease and similar diseases. Epidemiological records of COVID-19 regional epidemic in Africa as of 29th July, 2020 indicated South Africa as the epicenter of the disease; its continental index case was in Egypt on 14th February, 2020. This was transmitted via an individual with traveling history from highly COVID burdened nations. Recent records revealed that the new cases of the disease have started trending locally with a person to person contact especially among those without travel history. There were about 874,036 cases in Africa with about 18,498 deaths recorded within the time frame of this study. The age groups mostly affected were 20-49 years with males’ frequency marginally surpassing that of females. Seventy-five medicinal plant species from 41 families were recorded. Identified plants are indigenous to both the tropical and subtropical regions. Their medicinal potentials for treating human viral diseases are well described in Africa. Family Lamiaceae have the highest number of plant species (14.6%) used in managing COVID-19 and other related diseases. Asteraceae (12.3%) and Apiaceae (9.7%) families ranked second and third, respectively. Further studies on these plants with promising anti-SARS-CoV 2 properties on different experimental models for subsequent development of nutraceuticals and herbal medicine is imperative. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Africa, epidemiology, medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91377867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, C. Nkwegu, Grace E. Ugbabe, J. Ibrahim, H. Egharevba, O. Kunle, J. Igoli
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is collected by bees from buds, leaves and bark exudates of several plants in both tropical and temperate regions. Propolis is sometimes referred to as “bee glue” as it is produced by bees for sealing and protection of their hives. Exploration and research into propolis and its biologically active constituents is increasing. Bee farming has become a popular commercial venture in several Nigerian communities and propolis which is a by-product of the bee hive is increasingly being produced and wasted as the economic benefits are completely unknown to the farmers or bee keepers. Propolis production has proven to be economically viable and sustainable. Phytochemical investigations of propolis had yielded several biologically active compounds which are potential drug candidates. This review examines local production and under-exploitation of propolis as a potential source of sustainable wealth creation in Nigeria. Key words: Propolis, bee farming, production optimization, applications, wealth creation.
{"title":"Bee propolis: Production optimization and applications in Nigeria","authors":"Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, C. Nkwegu, Grace E. Ugbabe, J. Ibrahim, H. Egharevba, O. Kunle, J. Igoli","doi":"10.5897/JPP2019.0561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2019.0561","url":null,"abstract":"Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is collected by bees from buds, leaves and bark exudates of several plants in both tropical and temperate regions. Propolis is sometimes referred to as “bee glue” as it is produced by bees for sealing and protection of their hives. Exploration and research into propolis and its biologically active constituents is increasing. Bee farming has become a popular commercial venture in several Nigerian communities and propolis which is a by-product of the bee hive is increasingly being produced and wasted as the economic benefits are completely unknown to the farmers or bee keepers. Propolis production has proven to be economically viable and sustainable. Phytochemical investigations of propolis had yielded several biologically active compounds which are potential drug candidates. This review examines local production and under-exploitation of propolis as a potential source of sustainable wealth creation in Nigeria. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Propolis, bee farming, production optimization, applications, wealth creation.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"39 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91244338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chiroma, H. A. Madziga, Ijuptil Chiroma, U. T. Mamza, Sanda Abba Kyari, Kwaru Mbursa Chiroma, C. Uchendu
The effect of extracellular calcium on isolated uterine muscle contractions stimulated by acetone leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa was investigated in a rat. About 12 m segment of the uterine muscle strip was mounted initially in a thermostatically regulated organ bath (37°C) containing normal Physiological Salt Solution (PSS; De Jalon) and later inphysiological salt solution devoid of CaCl2. The extract contracted the uterine muscle preparation in a concentration-related manner in normal PSS, with 0.53 mg/ml as the lowest active concentration. This contractile response was abolished by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil HCl (2 µg/ml). The extract however, did not evoke any contractile activity on the isolated tissue in a calcium-free media (PSS), even when caffeine (2 mmol) known to release calcium via the calcium induced-calcium release (CICR) mechanism was added to the perfusate. The results demonstrated the requirement for extracellular calcium for the extract mediated contractions and the inability of the extract to access calcium from intracellular storage sites such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Therefore, the influx of Ca2+ into the cell cytosol is a pre-requisite for the extract-mediated uterine muscle contraction. Key word: Anogeissus leiocarpa, thermostatically organ bath, verapamil, caffeine, uterus.
{"title":"Influence of extracellular calcium on in vitro uterine muscle contractions stimulated by acetone leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa","authors":"M. Chiroma, H. A. Madziga, Ijuptil Chiroma, U. T. Mamza, Sanda Abba Kyari, Kwaru Mbursa Chiroma, C. Uchendu","doi":"10.5897/JPP2020.0599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2020.0599","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of extracellular calcium on isolated uterine muscle contractions stimulated by acetone leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa was investigated in a rat. About 12 m segment of the uterine muscle strip was mounted initially in a thermostatically regulated organ bath (37°C) containing normal Physiological Salt Solution (PSS; De Jalon) and later inphysiological salt solution devoid of CaCl2. The extract contracted the uterine muscle preparation in a concentration-related manner in normal PSS, with 0.53 mg/ml as the lowest active concentration. This contractile response was abolished by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil HCl (2 µg/ml). The extract however, did not evoke any contractile activity on the isolated tissue in a calcium-free media (PSS), even when caffeine (2 mmol) known to release calcium via the calcium induced-calcium release (CICR) mechanism was added to the perfusate. The results demonstrated the requirement for extracellular calcium for the extract mediated contractions and the inability of the extract to access calcium from intracellular storage sites such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Therefore, the influx of Ca2+ into the cell cytosol is a pre-requisite for the extract-mediated uterine muscle contraction. \u0000 \u0000 Key word: Anogeissus leiocarpa, thermostatically organ bath, verapamil, caffeine, uterus.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75355386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salama M. El-Darier, Suzan A. Rashed, Ayat Fayez, S. S. Hassanein, R. Muhammed, Sharaby, Noran M. Tawfik, Heba Mansour, Mohamed Adel
Currently, the human being faces a contagious virus called SARS-CoV-2 with a high transmission ability, infection, and a relatively high mortality rate, especially for the elderly. All research interest is directed to finding a drug or vaccine to save millions of people’s lives;some have succeeded and applied now in some countries. Medicinal plants represent a green treasure that renders plentiful primary and secondary metabolites characterized by potent biological activities. Interestingly, the secondary metabolites, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, own a broad antiviral history. The plant antiviral capabilities may be due to inhibition of viral attachment to/penetration of the host cell;inhibition of the virus replication;suppressing RNA replication;downregulation of viral proteins translation;interfering with virus non-structural/structural protein;downregulation of virus-induced pro-inflammatory/inflammatory signaling pathways in the host cell, and antioxidant activity thus abating the virus-induced oxidative stress effect. Presently, as we are trapped with a surly virus, there are attempts to exploit the power of nature. Therefore, this review’s main objective is to refer to some medicinal plants or their derivatives that limit the virus’s virulence or alleviate the symptoms associated with this virus.
{"title":"Medicinal plant-derived compounds as potential phytotherapy forCOVID-19: Future perspectives","authors":"Salama M. El-Darier, Suzan A. Rashed, Ayat Fayez, S. S. Hassanein, R. Muhammed, Sharaby, Noran M. Tawfik, Heba Mansour, Mohamed Adel","doi":"10.5897/JPP2021.0603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2021.0603","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the human being faces a contagious virus called SARS-CoV-2 with a high transmission ability, infection, and a relatively high mortality rate, especially for the elderly. All research interest is directed to finding a drug or vaccine to save millions of people’s lives;some have succeeded and applied now in some countries. Medicinal plants represent a green treasure that renders plentiful primary and secondary metabolites characterized by potent biological activities. Interestingly, the secondary metabolites, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, own a broad antiviral history. The plant antiviral capabilities may be due to inhibition of viral attachment to/penetration of the host cell;inhibition of the virus replication;suppressing RNA replication;downregulation of viral proteins translation;interfering with virus non-structural/structural protein;downregulation of virus-induced pro-inflammatory/inflammatory signaling pathways in the host cell, and antioxidant activity thus abating the virus-induced oxidative stress effect. Presently, as we are trapped with a surly virus, there are attempts to exploit the power of nature. Therefore, this review’s main objective is to refer to some medicinal plants or their derivatives that limit the virus’s virulence or alleviate the symptoms associated with this virus.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88938047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olay e Th eophile, Tchobo Fidèle Paul, Chabi Nicodème, Koudokpon Hornel, Amoussa Abdou Madjid Olatound e, Lagnika Latifou, A. Guy, Avlessi F elicien, Sohounhlou e Dominique
Chewing stick are still used in developing countries for oral hygiene in other to prevent oral diseases. But still, few is known about their phytochemical potential and antimicrobial activity. The present work was devoted to one of these plants used in the Republic of Benin, namely the root of Anogeissus leiocarpa. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for the antioxidant activity of three crude extracts (aqueous, decoction and ethanolic). Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts as well as three fractions namely the chloroform fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction and the butanol fraction was carried out by the diffusion method. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the three fractions of A. leiocarpa was performed to identify the active fraction as well as bioactive compounds. The results show that the crude extracts exhibited a good ability to inhibit the DPPH radical and a good ability to reduce ferric Fe3+ ions to ferrous Fe2+ ion and this could be explained by their good content in phenolic compounds. The ethanolic extract of A. leiocarpa was the most active against all microorganisms used in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged from 0.195 to 12,500 mg/mL. The butanolic fraction was the most active with an inhibition diameter of 20.666 ± 0.577 and 22.333 ± 2.081 mm, respectively at the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/mL. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids such as chlorogenic, ferulic and gallic acids as well as tannins including tannic acid and ellagic acid and from these results, A. leiocarpa is a good plant candidate for the production of herbal toothpaste. Key words: Phenolic compound, antimicrobial, antioxidant, chewing stick, oral care.
{"title":"Bioactive compounds and antimicrobial potential of the roots extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa, a chewing stick used for oral care in Benin Republic","authors":"Olay e Th eophile, Tchobo Fidèle Paul, Chabi Nicodème, Koudokpon Hornel, Amoussa Abdou Madjid Olatound e, Lagnika Latifou, A. Guy, Avlessi F elicien, Sohounhlou e Dominique","doi":"10.5897/JPP2020.0574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2020.0574","url":null,"abstract":"Chewing stick are still used in developing countries for oral hygiene in other to prevent oral diseases. But still, few is known about their phytochemical potential and antimicrobial activity. The present work was devoted to one of these plants used in the Republic of Benin, namely the root of Anogeissus leiocarpa. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for the antioxidant activity of three crude extracts (aqueous, decoction and ethanolic). Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts as well as three fractions namely the chloroform fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction and the butanol fraction was carried out by the diffusion method. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the three fractions of A. leiocarpa was performed to identify the active fraction as well as bioactive compounds. The results show that the crude extracts exhibited a good ability to inhibit the DPPH radical and a good ability to reduce ferric Fe3+ ions to ferrous Fe2+ ion and this could be explained by their good content in phenolic compounds. The ethanolic extract of A. leiocarpa was the most active against all microorganisms used in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged from 0.195 to 12,500 mg/mL. The butanolic fraction was the most active with an inhibition diameter of 20.666 ± 0.577 and 22.333 ± 2.081 mm, respectively at the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/mL. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids such as chlorogenic, ferulic and gallic acids as well as tannins including tannic acid and ellagic acid and from these results, A. leiocarpa is a good plant candidate for the production of herbal toothpaste. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phenolic compound, antimicrobial, antioxidant, chewing stick, oral care.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"53 7 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88655881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nakpane Fankibe, K. Metowogo, Yendubé T. Kantati, Yaovi-Gameli Afanyibo, P. Lawson-Evi, A. Mouzou, K. Eklu-Gadégbéku, K. Aklikokou
Cochlospermum planchonii is traditionally used in Togo in treating several diseases, including burn wounds which achievement requires anti-infective and good cicatrisation processes. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves and roots of C. planchonii and its phytochemical composition. Five (05) bacterial strains were suspended in liquid media with plant extracts at various concentrations and then spread, after 24 h incubation, on solid media. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimal microbicidal (MMC) concentrations were assessed. Phytochemical characterization tests were performed and flavonoids, tannins and total phenol contents were also determined. Hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of C. planchonii were active on all the germs tested, with MICs ranging from 0.782 to 50 mg/mL and MMCs ranging from 1.563 to 100 mg/mL. The bests activities were recorded with root extract against Staphylococcus aureus: MIC=0.782 mg/mL and MMC =1.563 mg/mL. The MMC/MIC ratios are all equal to 2, indicating that both roots and leaves have bactericidal activities rather than inhibitory activities. Phytochemical tests have demonstrated the presence of metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenes, saponosides, and an absence of alkaloids. Total phenols, tannins and total flavonoids amounts found were respectively 85.466 ± 0.289; 33.566 ± 0.503; 218.333 ± 0.577 µgRE/mg in root extracts, and 75.833 ± 0.289; 26.533 ± 0,053; 183.666 ± 0.577 µgRE/mg in leaf extracts. Both root and leaf hydroethanolic extracts of C. planchonii could be potential natural antimicrobial remedies. Key words: Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, Cochlospermum planchonii, flavonoids, tannins.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves and roots of Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae)","authors":"Nakpane Fankibe, K. Metowogo, Yendubé T. Kantati, Yaovi-Gameli Afanyibo, P. Lawson-Evi, A. Mouzou, K. Eklu-Gadégbéku, K. Aklikokou","doi":"10.5897/jpp2020.0591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2020.0591","url":null,"abstract":"Cochlospermum planchonii is traditionally used in Togo in treating several diseases, including burn wounds which achievement requires anti-infective and good cicatrisation processes. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves and roots of C. planchonii and its phytochemical composition. Five (05) bacterial strains were suspended in liquid media with plant extracts at various concentrations and then spread, after 24 h incubation, on solid media. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimal microbicidal (MMC) concentrations were assessed. Phytochemical characterization tests were performed and flavonoids, tannins and total phenol contents were also determined. Hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of C. planchonii were active on all the germs tested, with MICs ranging from 0.782 to 50 mg/mL and MMCs ranging from 1.563 to 100 mg/mL. The bests activities were recorded with root extract against Staphylococcus aureus: MIC=0.782 mg/mL and MMC =1.563 mg/mL. The MMC/MIC ratios are all equal to 2, indicating that both roots and leaves have bactericidal activities rather than inhibitory activities. Phytochemical tests have demonstrated the presence of metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenes, saponosides, and an absence of alkaloids. Total phenols, tannins and total flavonoids amounts found were respectively 85.466 ± 0.289; 33.566 ± 0.503; 218.333 ± 0.577 µgRE/mg in root extracts, and 75.833 ± 0.289; 26.533 ± 0,053; 183.666 ± 0.577 µgRE/mg in leaf extracts. Both root and leaf hydroethanolic extracts of C. planchonii could be potential natural antimicrobial remedies. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, Cochlospermum planchonii, flavonoids, tannins.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84830801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandra da Silva Zanetti, A. C. Balestra, Jowanka Amorim, F. Ramalho, C. Wanderley, J. Luiz, P. Delprete, A. Pereira, M. Borges, Fábio Carmona
Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel. (“cat’s claw”, Rubiaceae) is a plant with potential to treat asthma because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two extracts of U. guianensis in an animal model of allergic asthma. Balb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin intraperitoneally one week apart, then challenged with intranasal ovalbumin for three days. Animals were treated with aqueous or hydroethanolic extracts (100 mg/kg) for three days, simultaneously with ovalbumin challenges. Control mice received saline solution on the same days. In vivo bronchial hyper responsiveness, airway and lung inflammation, IgE levels, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Treatment with the hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced total cell and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, and in vivo bronchial hyper responsiveness. Moreover, U. guianensis hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced interleukin 13 levels in lung homogenate. Total antioxidant capacity and IgE serum levels were not affected with the extract administration. Of note, treatment with the aqueous extract did not elicit significant effects on asthma-like characteristics. Only the hydroethanolic extract of U. guianensis reduced lung inflammation and bronchial hyper responsiveness in asthmatic mice. Key words: Anti-inflammatory agents, asthma, oxindolics, phenols, respiratory hypersensitivity, Uncaria guianensis, Rubiaceae.
{"title":"Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel. extracts reduce bronchial hyper responsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma","authors":"Leandra da Silva Zanetti, A. C. Balestra, Jowanka Amorim, F. Ramalho, C. Wanderley, J. Luiz, P. Delprete, A. Pereira, M. Borges, Fábio Carmona","doi":"10.5897/jpp2020.0578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jpp2020.0578","url":null,"abstract":"Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel. (“cat’s claw”, Rubiaceae) is a plant with potential to treat asthma because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two extracts of U. guianensis in an animal model of allergic asthma. Balb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin intraperitoneally one week apart, then challenged with intranasal ovalbumin for three days. Animals were treated with aqueous or hydroethanolic extracts (100 mg/kg) for three days, simultaneously with ovalbumin challenges. Control mice received saline solution on the same days. In vivo bronchial hyper responsiveness, airway and lung inflammation, IgE levels, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Treatment with the hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced total cell and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, and in vivo bronchial hyper responsiveness. Moreover, U. guianensis hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced interleukin 13 levels in lung homogenate. Total antioxidant capacity and IgE serum levels were not affected with the extract administration. Of note, treatment with the aqueous extract did not elicit significant effects on asthma-like characteristics. Only the hydroethanolic extract of U. guianensis reduced lung inflammation and bronchial hyper responsiveness in asthmatic mice. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Anti-inflammatory agents, asthma, oxindolics, phenols, respiratory hypersensitivity, Uncaria guianensis, Rubiaceae.","PeriodicalId":16801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81194160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：