Alex A. Kröper, Sabine Zikeli, Monika A. Wimmer, Christian Zörb
Background
Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) are a valuable crop due to their high nutritional content, low environmental impact, and nitrogen-fixing ability via rhizobacteria. Early in development, before this symbiosis is established, lentils require external nitrogen, typically supplied through fertilizers or already present in soils.
Aim
This study explores whether lentils can utilize amino acids as a nitrogen source and how amino acid supplementation affects growth and nitrate uptake.
Results
The findings show that lentils can absorb amino acids from soil, with no adverse effects on growth compared to mineral N fertilizers. The amino acid patterns show only slight changes in individual amino acids. NPF/NRT1, NRT2, AMT2, and DUR3 were expressed in all treatments in root tissue. LHT1 plays a minor role in the distribution of N in the shoots of lentil plants.
Conclusion
Although amino acid uptake is less efficient than that of nitrate, it may still benefit young plants in organic farming until rhizobacterial symbiosis is established.
{"title":"Lentils can Absorb Amino Acids as a Nitrogen Source Supporting Early Growth","authors":"Alex A. Kröper, Sabine Zikeli, Monika A. Wimmer, Christian Zörb","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400504","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lentils (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medik.) are a valuable crop due to their high nutritional content, low environmental impact, and nitrogen-fixing ability via rhizobacteria. Early in development, before this symbiosis is established, lentils require external nitrogen, typically supplied through fertilizers or already present in soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores whether lentils can utilize amino acids as a nitrogen source and how amino acid supplementation affects growth and nitrate uptake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings show that lentils can absorb amino acids from soil, with no adverse effects on growth compared to mineral N fertilizers. The amino acid patterns show only slight changes in individual amino acids. NPF/NRT1, NRT2, AMT2, and DUR3 were expressed in all treatments in root tissue. LHT1 plays a minor role in the distribution of N in the shoots of lentil plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although amino acid uptake is less efficient than that of nitrate, it may still benefit young plants in organic farming until rhizobacterial symbiosis is established.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"456-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalid, M., Niazi, M. B. K., Haider, G. Jahan, Z., Zia, M., Ahmad, R., Hayat, A. (2024). Biodegradable maleic–itaconic polymer-coated phosphatic fertilizer improved phosphorous recovery in calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 187, 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300197
Tariq Shah has been removed from the list of authors. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is listed as an affiliation of one of the authors of this article. However, USDA has notified us that the author, Tariq Shah, was never affiliated with the United States Department of Agriculture's Plant Science Research Unit, as claimed in the authorship credits nor was the article supported, reviewed or endorsed at any time by the USDA. Therefore, we are correcting the article at the request of the USDA.
We apologize for this error.
Khalid， M, Niazi, m.b.k., Haider， G. Jahan， Z., Zia， M., Ahmad， R., Hayat， A.（2024）。可生物降解的马来腈包膜磷肥提高了钙质土壤中磷的恢复。植物营养学报，2009,33(2):444 - 444。https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300197Tariq Shah已从作者名单中删除。美国农业部（USDA）被列为本文作者之一的附属机构。然而，美国农业部已经通知我们，作者Tariq Shah从未像作者署名中声称的那样隶属于美国农业部植物科学研究部门，也从未得到美国农业部的支持、审查或认可。因此，应美国农业部的要求，我们正在更正这篇文章。我们为这个错误道歉。
{"title":"Correction to “Biodegradable maleic–itaconic polymer-coated phosphatic fertilizer improved phosphorous recovery in calcareous soil”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202570024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202570024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Khalid, M., Niazi, M. B. K., Haider, G. Jahan, Z., Zia, M., Ahmad, R., Hayat, A. (2024). Biodegradable maleic–itaconic polymer-coated phosphatic fertilizer improved phosphorous recovery in calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 187, 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300197</p><p>Tariq Shah has been removed from the list of authors. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is listed as an affiliation of one of the authors of this article. However, USDA has notified us that the author, Tariq Shah, was never affiliated with the United States Department of Agriculture's Plant Science Research Unit, as claimed in the authorship credits nor was the article supported, reviewed or endorsed at any time by the USDA. Therefore, we are correcting the article at the request of the USDA.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202570024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil pore structure has a large impact on plant root architecture, but it is difficult to study due to secondary impacts from bulk density, carbon, nutrients, and other properties. Here, we isolated soil pore structure by forming controlled soil structures in repacked columns. To generate a non-structured treatment, sieved soil was packed to 1.3 g cm−3 bulk density. A structured treatment used the same sieved soil that was first compacted, then broken apart into artificial soil aggregates and packed to the same bulk density. Rice seedlings had greater total root length (27%), fine root length and number, root surface area (22%), and tips number (41%), but 20% less root dry mass, in non-structured compared to structured soil. This study isolated how soil structure affects the growth and architecture of rice roots for soils at the same bulk density.
土壤孔隙结构对植物根系构型有较大影响，但由于容重、碳、养分等特性的二次影响，研究难度较大。在这里，我们通过在重新填充柱中形成受控的土壤结构来隔离土壤孔隙结构。为了产生非结构化处理，将筛过的土壤包装成1.3 g cm−3的堆积密度。一种结构化的处理方法是使用同样的筛过的土壤，首先将其压实，然后将其分解成人工土壤集合体并包装成相同的堆积密度。在非结构化土壤中，水稻幼苗的总根长（27%）、细根长和细根数、根表面积（22%）和根尖数（41%）比结构化土壤大，但根系干质量比结构化土壤少20%。本研究分离了相同容重下土壤结构对水稻根系生长和结构的影响。
{"title":"Effects of Soil Structure on the Growth of Rice Roots","authors":"Md. Dhin Islam, Adam H. Price, Paul D. Hallett","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil pore structure has a large impact on plant root architecture, but it is difficult to study due to secondary impacts from bulk density, carbon, nutrients, and other properties. Here, we isolated soil pore structure by forming controlled soil structures in repacked columns. To generate a non-structured treatment, sieved soil was packed to 1.3 g cm<sup>−3</sup> bulk density. A structured treatment used the same sieved soil that was first compacted, then broken apart into artificial soil aggregates and packed to the same bulk density. Rice seedlings had greater total root length (27%), fine root length and number, root surface area (22%), and tips number (41%), but 20% less root dry mass, in non-structured compared to structured soil. This study isolated how soil structure affects the growth and architecture of rice roots for soils at the same bulk density.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"402-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher O. Anuo, Sudipta Rakshit, Michael E. Essington, Michael Kaiser
Background
Veterinary antibiotic (VA) oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly used in confined animal feeding operations to treat animal diseases, as a prophylactic and as a growth promoter. OTC can enter the environment via various routes, including runoff from stored manure stockpiles and application of manure or contaminated irrigation water to agricultural lands. Once introduced, OTC could alter the biogeochemical cycling of various coadsorbing ions, especially micronutrient oxyanions, such as molybdate (MoO42−). Iron oxide minerals, which play a major role in the soil's biogeochemical cycling of nutrient oxyanions in soil, are known to modify the plant's availability of molybdenum (Mo) via adsorption reactions.
Aim
In this study, we examined the impact of OTC on Mo retention on hematite under different solution properties.
Methods
We used macroscopic and in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic experiments to understand the interactions.
Results
The results from macroscopic adsorption experiments indicated no reduction in the extent of Mo adsorption in the presence of OTC at higher pH. The spectroscopic results suggested that Mo retention occurred by forming tetrahedral inner-sphere surface species on hematite. Furthermore, the results indicated some alterations in Mo adsorption mechanisms in the presence of OTC. The effect of Mo on OTC adsorption was more prominent as suggested by in situ ATR-FTIR results.
Conclusion
This study contributes to a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of Mo in the presence of VAs.
{"title":"Effect of Oxytetracycline on Molybdenum Adsorption at the Hematite–Water Interface: Insights From Macroscopic and in Situ ATR-FTIR Study","authors":"Christopher O. Anuo, Sudipta Rakshit, Michael E. Essington, Michael Kaiser","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400395","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterinary antibiotic (VA) oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly used in confined animal feeding operations to treat animal diseases, as a prophylactic and as a growth promoter. OTC can enter the environment via various routes, including runoff from stored manure stockpiles and application of manure or contaminated irrigation water to agricultural lands. Once introduced, OTC could alter the biogeochemical cycling of various coadsorbing ions, especially micronutrient oxyanions, such as molybdate (MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>). Iron oxide minerals, which play a major role in the soil's biogeochemical cycling of nutrient oxyanions in soil, are known to modify the plant's availability of molybdenum (Mo) via adsorption reactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we examined the impact of OTC on Mo retention on hematite under different solution properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used macroscopic and in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic experiments to understand the interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results from macroscopic adsorption experiments indicated no reduction in the extent of Mo adsorption in the presence of OTC at higher pH. The spectroscopic results suggested that Mo retention occurred by forming tetrahedral inner-sphere surface species on hematite. Furthermore, the results indicated some alterations in Mo adsorption mechanisms in the presence of OTC. The effect of Mo on OTC adsorption was more prominent as suggested by in situ ATR-FTIR results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study contributes to a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of Mo in the presence of VAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"447-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accuracy of predictions using visible to near-infrared (vis–NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for different organic compounds in arable soils is not sufficiently quantified and designed experiments are useful to assess the potential.
Aim
Objectives were to quantify the predictive accuracy of regressions using MIR and vis–NIR spectra for total organic carbon (OC), native soil OC (native SOC), aged biochar and root C in loess soils.
Methods
Maize roots and biochar were added at mean rates (± standard deviation) of 2 (±0.5) and 15 (±3.75) g C kg−1 to soils from three different loess sites to obtain 450 soils and their spectra were recorded. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regressions (SVMR) were used in three-fold partitioning with (1) pseudo-independent calibration and validation and (2) calibration and validation for the respective sites with and without spiking.
Results
Data fusion (concatenation or outer product analysis) using SVMR were the most successful approaches in the validations for all training strategies (0.81 ≤ mean R2 ≤ 0.98) for total OC, added biochar C, combined native SOC + added root C, and native SOC, but failed to accurately predict added root C separately from total OC. Variable importance in the projection of PLSR indicated a good differentiation between biochar C and other organic compounds, but not between native SOC + added root C and native SOC.
Conclusions
For rates of root and biochar C inputs which are typical in agricultural experiments, fusion and spiking allowed a quantitative differentiation of total OC into biochar C and native SOC + root C, but not a separate quantification of root C.
利用可见到近红外（vis-NIR）和中红外（MIR）光谱对耕地土壤中不同有机化合物的预测精度还不能充分量化，设计实验有助于评估其潜力。目的量化MIR和可见光-近红外光谱对黄土土壤中总有机碳（OC）、原生土壤有机碳（SOC）、陈化生物炭和根碳的回归预测精度。方法分别以2（±0.5）和15（±3.75）g C kg−1的平均添加量（±标准差）添加玉米根和生物炭到3个不同黄土样地的土壤中，得到450个土壤，并记录其光谱。采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）和支持向量机回归（SVMR）进行三重划分，分别进行(1)伪独立校准和验证，(2)有峰值和没有峰值的各自位点的校准和验证。结果对于总碳含量、添加的生物炭碳含量、天然碳含量+添加的根碳含量和天然碳含量，采用SVMR进行数据融合（串联或外产物分析）的方法在所有训练策略的验证中最成功（0.81≤平均R2≤0.98），但不能准确预测添加的根碳含量和总碳含量。PLSR投影的可变重要性表明，生物炭碳与其他有机化合物之间存在良好的分化，而原生有机碳+添加根碳与原生有机碳之间存在差异。对于农业试验中典型的根碳和生物炭碳输入速率，融合和穗化可以将总有机碳定量分化为生物炭碳和原生有机碳+根碳，但不能单独量化根碳。
{"title":"Fusion of Vis-Near and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Data for a Prediction of Biochar C, Native Soil Organic C and Root C in a Designed Experiment With Loess Soils","authors":"Simon Kohlmann, Isabel Greenberg, Bernard Ludwig","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400364","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of predictions using visible to near-infrared (vis–NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for different organic compounds in arable soils is not sufficiently quantified and designed experiments are useful to assess the potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Objectives were to quantify the predictive accuracy of regressions using MIR and vis–NIR spectra for total organic carbon (OC), native soil OC (native SOC), aged biochar and root C in loess soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize roots and biochar were added at mean rates (± standard deviation) of 2 (±0.5) and 15 (±3.75) g C kg<sup>−1</sup> to soils from three different loess sites to obtain 450 soils and their spectra were recorded. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regressions (SVMR) were used in three-fold partitioning with (1) pseudo-independent calibration and validation and (2) calibration and validation for the respective sites with and without spiking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data fusion (concatenation or outer product analysis) using SVMR were the most successful approaches in the validations for all training strategies (0.81 ≤ mean <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.98) for total OC, added biochar C, combined native SOC + added root C, and native SOC, but failed to accurately predict added root C separately from total OC. Variable importance in the projection of PLSR indicated a good differentiation between biochar C and other organic compounds, but not between native SOC + added root C and native SOC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For rates of root and biochar C inputs which are typical in agricultural experiments, fusion and spiking allowed a quantitative differentiation of total OC into biochar C and native SOC + root C, but not a separate quantification of root C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"430-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Imran, Asif Naeem, Muhammad Faizan Ilyas, Karl Hermann Mühling
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Selenium (Se) concentration is low in animal meat and human beings due to its insufficient levels in forage and feed sources.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>This study investigates the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and N forms to improve the biomass and Se concentration in maize forage.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The soil in the pots was fertilized with N at the rates of 165 and 330 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> without and with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). DMPP was added to soil at the rate of 0.01% of added N, whereas Se was added at the rate of 40 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>. In the following experiment, the effect of N forms (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N +O<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) was evaluated on the growth and the accumulation of Se, N and phosphorus (P) in maize shoots in Se-fertilized (40 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and control soils. The Se-fertilized and controls soils were designated as Se(+) and Se(−), respectively. The soil texture was sandy and its pH was moderately acidic (5.40).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The DMPP-treated soil had 27%–42% higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content at harvest than the non-treated soil. The DMPP treatment of soil also increased shoot Se content by 19%–23% and Se uptake by 37%–42%. A negative correlation was found between NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N ratio and shoot Se uptake, suggesting that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N negatively affected Se uptake by maize. Results of second experiment depicted that applying NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N led to higher shoot Se content and uptake than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N. In case of Se-unfertilized soil, adding NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N produced 14% and 56% more shoot Se content and uptake, respectively, whereas these increases were 39% and 83% on Se-fertilized soils. Similar to Se uptake, plants fed with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N had higher P and N uptake by maize shoots than that fed with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N. The SPAD value and shoot biomass were also higher by applying NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>These results imply that N fertilization, specifically combined application of Se and ammonium-based fertilizers could improve biomass yield and Se content of maize, which is likely to yield maize gr
{"title":"Selenium Uptake and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth as Affected by Different Rates and Forms of Nitrogen","authors":"Muhammad Imran, Asif Naeem, Muhammad Faizan Ilyas, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400463","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selenium (Se) concentration is low in animal meat and human beings due to its insufficient levels in forage and feed sources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and N forms to improve the biomass and Se concentration in maize forage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The soil in the pots was fertilized with N at the rates of 165 and 330 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> without and with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). DMPP was added to soil at the rate of 0.01% of added N, whereas Se was added at the rate of 40 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>. In the following experiment, the effect of N forms (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N +O<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) was evaluated on the growth and the accumulation of Se, N and phosphorus (P) in maize shoots in Se-fertilized (40 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and control soils. The Se-fertilized and controls soils were designated as Se(+) and Se(−), respectively. The soil texture was sandy and its pH was moderately acidic (5.40).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DMPP-treated soil had 27%–42% higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content at harvest than the non-treated soil. The DMPP treatment of soil also increased shoot Se content by 19%–23% and Se uptake by 37%–42%. A negative correlation was found between NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N: NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N ratio and shoot Se uptake, suggesting that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N negatively affected Se uptake by maize. Results of second experiment depicted that applying NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N led to higher shoot Se content and uptake than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N. In case of Se-unfertilized soil, adding NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N produced 14% and 56% more shoot Se content and uptake, respectively, whereas these increases were 39% and 83% on Se-fertilized soils. Similar to Se uptake, plants fed with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N had higher P and N uptake by maize shoots than that fed with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N. The SPAD value and shoot biomass were also higher by applying NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results imply that N fertilization, specifically combined application of Se and ammonium-based fertilizers could improve biomass yield and Se content of maize, which is likely to yield maize gr","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"422-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three nitrogen issues dominated the scientific debates from the middle of the 19th century: (1) Is fertilization with nitrogen necessary at all, which was prominently questioned by Justus von Liebig. (2) How can one explain the special nature of legumes with regard to the nitrogen budget in agricultural systems. And (3) once the need for nitrogen fertilization of non-leguminous plants had been recognized, how can one provide nitrogen fertilizer once the deposits of fossil nitrogen, such as Chile saltpeter, are exhausted. Liebig postulated that plants could cover their nitrogen requirements by taking up ammonia from the atmosphere, so nitrogen fertilization was not necessary. However, this hypothesis contradicted the practical experience of many farmers, who achieved higher yields with additional nitrogen fertilization. Agricultural scientists such as John Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert in England and Julius Adolph Stöckhardt and Emil Wolff in Germany intensively conducted the debate. Lawes and Gilbert carried out numerous field trials that proved that nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the yields of many crops, calling Liebig's nitrogen theory into question. Finally, the academically trained farmer Albert Schultz-Lupitz made a decisive contribution to renewing the debate. Through his field trials, he realized that legumes in crop rotation leave nitrogen in the soil, allowing subsequent cereal crops to thrive without additional nitrogen fertilization. This “Lupitz fertilization system” suggested that legumes could use atmospheric nitrogen, which contradicted previous doctrine. Schultz-Lupitz's findings once again made nitrogen a central topic of discussion.
从19世纪中期开始，三个氮问题主导了科学辩论：(1)氮施肥是否必要，这是尤斯图斯·冯·李比希（Justus von Liebig）提出的突出问题。(2)如何解释豆科植物在农业系统氮收支方面的特殊性？(3)一旦认识到非豆科植物对氮肥的需求，一旦化石氮矿床（如智利硝石）耗尽，如何提供氮肥。李比希假设植物可以通过从大气中吸收氨来满足它们对氮的需求，所以没有必要施肥。然而，这一假设与许多农民的实际经验相矛盾，他们通过额外的氮肥获得了更高的产量。英国的约翰·班纳特·劳斯和约瑟夫·亨利·吉尔伯特以及德国的朱利叶斯·阿道夫Stöckhardt和埃米尔·沃尔夫等农业科学家进行了激烈的辩论。劳斯和吉尔伯特进行了大量的田间试验，证明氮肥能显著提高许多作物的产量，这对李比希的氮理论提出了质疑。最后，受过学术训练的农民阿尔伯特·舒尔茨-卢皮茨（Albert Schultz-Lupitz）为重新展开辩论做出了决定性的贡献。通过田间试验，他意识到轮作的豆科作物在土壤中留下了氮，使随后的谷类作物在没有额外氮肥的情况下茁壮成长。这种“卢皮茨施肥系统”表明豆科植物可以利用大气中的氮，这与以前的学说相矛盾。舒尔茨-卢皮茨的发现再次使氮成为讨论的中心话题。
{"title":"Contribution to the HiStory series in Plant Nutrition","authors":"Wolfgang Böhm, Alexander H. Wissemeier","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three nitrogen issues dominated the scientific debates from the middle of the 19th century: (1) Is fertilization with nitrogen necessary at all, which was prominently questioned by Justus von Liebig. (2) How can one explain the special nature of legumes with regard to the nitrogen budget in agricultural systems. And (3) once the need for nitrogen fertilization of non-leguminous plants had been recognized, how can one provide nitrogen fertilizer once the deposits of fossil nitrogen, such as Chile saltpeter, are exhausted. Liebig postulated that plants could cover their nitrogen requirements by taking up ammonia from the atmosphere, so nitrogen fertilization was not necessary. However, this hypothesis contradicted the practical experience of many farmers, who achieved higher yields with additional nitrogen fertilization. Agricultural scientists such as John Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert in England and Julius Adolph Stöckhardt and Emil Wolff in Germany intensively conducted the debate. Lawes and Gilbert carried out numerous field trials that proved that nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the yields of many crops, calling Liebig's nitrogen theory into question. Finally, the academically trained farmer Albert Schultz-Lupitz made a decisive contribution to renewing the debate. Through his field trials, he realized that legumes in crop rotation leave nitrogen in the soil, allowing subsequent cereal crops to thrive without additional nitrogen fertilization. This “Lupitz fertilization system” suggested that legumes could use atmospheric nitrogen, which contradicted previous doctrine. Schultz-Lupitz's findings once again made nitrogen a central topic of discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Walsh, Gerhard Schenk, Nicole Robinson, Samuel John, Buddhi Dayananda, Vithya Krishnan, Christian Adam, Ludwig Hermann, Susanne Schmidt
Background
The circular phosphorus (P) economy addresses economic and environmental penalties inherent to the current linear P economy. Phosphorus sources recovered from waste steams (recyclates) offer an alternative to conventional fertilizers.
Aim
This research aimed to assess the agronomic performance of P recyclates derived from wastewater (hazenite, struvite), treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) and compost (FOGO food organics/garden organics) with crops previously characterized for P use efficiency (PUE).
Methods
Phosphorus was supplied as granules and benchmarked against conventional fertilizers or mineral solution. Grown in controlled conditions, crops received recyclates individually or as amalgamates, with or without additional water-soluble P. We quantified P uptake, yield and phytate content, and calculated agronomic performance indicators.
Results
Results revealed that (1) crop genotypes with purportedly lower or higher PUE showed similar performance when grown with limiting P supply and/or less soluble P recyclates, (2) crop performance improved when less soluble P recyclates were combined with water-soluble P, (3) crops produced similar yield and biomass when supplied with an organo-mineral formulation, hazenite, or conventional fertilizer, (4) grain accumulated higher levels of the antinutrient phytate with excess soluble P.
Conclusion
We conclude that suitably formulated P recyclates can supplement or replace conventional fertilizers, and that fertilizer design should consider the solubility of recyclates and a crop's ability to access less soluble P. This adds to the growing body of evidence that well-formulated next-generation fertilizers can efficiently nourish crops. Integrating insights from controlled experiments and field trials is a cost-effective strategy to actualize the circular P economy.
{"title":"The Circular Phosphorus Economy: Agronomic Performance of Recycled Fertilizers and Target Crops","authors":"Michael Walsh, Gerhard Schenk, Nicole Robinson, Samuel John, Buddhi Dayananda, Vithya Krishnan, Christian Adam, Ludwig Hermann, Susanne Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The circular phosphorus (P) economy addresses economic and environmental penalties inherent to the current linear P economy. Phosphorus sources recovered from waste steams (recyclates) offer an alternative to conventional fertilizers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research aimed to assess the agronomic performance of P recyclates derived from wastewater (hazenite, struvite), treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) and compost (FOGO food organics/garden organics) with crops previously characterized for P use efficiency (PUE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorus was supplied as granules and benchmarked against conventional fertilizers or mineral solution. Grown in controlled conditions, crops received recyclates individually or as amalgamates, with or without additional water-soluble P. We quantified P uptake, yield and phytate content, and calculated agronomic performance indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed that (1) crop genotypes with purportedly lower or higher PUE showed similar performance when grown with limiting P supply and/or less soluble P recyclates, (2) crop performance improved when less soluble P recyclates were combined with water-soluble P, (3) crops produced similar yield and biomass when supplied with an organo-mineral formulation, hazenite, or conventional fertilizer, (4) grain accumulated higher levels of the antinutrient phytate with excess soluble P.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that suitably formulated P recyclates can supplement or replace conventional fertilizers, and that fertilizer design should consider the solubility of recyclates and a crop's ability to access less soluble P. This adds to the growing body of evidence that well-formulated next-generation fertilizers can efficiently nourish crops. Integrating insights from controlled experiments and field trials is a cost-effective strategy to actualize the circular P economy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"408-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surya Teja Varanasi, Kannan Pandian, S. Meena, M. Raju, P. C. Prabu, K. Raja, M. Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass
With the increase in the global population, the importance of efficient use of fertilizer will become essential, and the development of innovative and effective fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) strategies is a need of the hour. However, injudicious fertilizer use leads to nutrient losses and environmental pollution. Several technologies have been developed to improve crop production and nutrient uptake from applied fertilizers, including balanced fertilization, foliar application, mixed fertilization, controlled-release fertilizers, and slow-release nano-fertilizers. To quantify the efficiency of fertilizers, several indicators are being used such as nutrient use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity. Isotope tracer studies have proven useful in measuring soil nutrient availability, quantifying nutrient uptake by plants through nutrients derived from fertilizer, monitoring losses to the environment, and establishing nutrient transport and accumulation inside plants. Results of stable isotopes 15N, 13C, and 34S and radioisotopes 32P and 65Zn accurately measure the nutrient use potential of crops and their partitioning efficiency. Radioisotope studies have demonstrated that foliar nutrient application can be faster and more effective than soil application for some crops, offering a promising approach to improving FUE. Despite its potentiality, tracer research has many challenges, including ensuring that target nutrient concentrations are within analytical method ranges, accounting for isotopic interference from non-target compounds, limited access to specialized equipment and measurement errors. To overcome these constraints, advanced tracer study methodology and integration with sensor-based detection must be developed to augment nutrient use efficiency through site-specific fertilizer management in precision agriculture. Continued research collaborations are valuable for exploiting the full potential of tracer technology for different nutrients in optimizing the dose of nutrients to boost crop yields sustainably, thereby contributing to global food security and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Tracer Technology as a Tool for Quantifying Fertilizer Use Efficiency","authors":"Surya Teja Varanasi, Kannan Pandian, S. Meena, M. Raju, P. C. Prabu, K. Raja, M. Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400418","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increase in the global population, the importance of efficient use of fertilizer will become essential, and the development of innovative and effective fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) strategies is a need of the hour. However, injudicious fertilizer use leads to nutrient losses and environmental pollution. Several technologies have been developed to improve crop production and nutrient uptake from applied fertilizers, including balanced fertilization, foliar application, mixed fertilization, controlled-release fertilizers, and slow-release nano-fertilizers. To quantify the efficiency of fertilizers, several indicators are being used such as nutrient use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity. Isotope tracer studies have proven useful in measuring soil nutrient availability, quantifying nutrient uptake by plants through nutrients derived from fertilizer, monitoring losses to the environment, and establishing nutrient transport and accumulation inside plants. Results of stable isotopes <sup>15</sup>N, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>34</sup>S and radioisotopes <sup>32</sup>P and <sup>65</sup>Zn accurately measure the nutrient use potential of crops and their partitioning efficiency. Radioisotope studies have demonstrated that foliar nutrient application can be faster and more effective than soil application for some crops, offering a promising approach to improving FUE. Despite its potentiality, tracer research has many challenges, including ensuring that target nutrient concentrations are within analytical method ranges, accounting for isotopic interference from non-target compounds, limited access to specialized equipment and measurement errors. To overcome these constraints, advanced tracer study methodology and integration with sensor-based detection must be developed to augment nutrient use efficiency through site-specific fertilizer management in precision agriculture. Continued research collaborations are valuable for exploiting the full potential of tracer technology for different nutrients in optimizing the dose of nutrients to boost crop yields sustainably, thereby contributing to global food security and environmental sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 3","pages":"376-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malte Ortner, Michael Seidel, Dörte Diehl, Michael Vohland, Sören Thiele-Bruhn
Background
The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) can be characterized by thermal analysis. Methods to determine the thermal stability of SOM have recently been increasingly applied in soil analysis. Most studies focus on organic carbon (OC), whereas its subfractions, for example, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) or hot water–extractable carbon (HWEC), representing fast-reacting pools, have been less investigated.
Aim
A set of 100 soil samples was analyzed for thermal mass losses and their relation to SOM and soil mineral phase properties.
Method
The temperature-dependent mass losses were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. For this purpose, soils differing in terms of parent material, soil texture, and land use were characterized and analyzed.
Results
Temperature ranges of mass losses and corresponding fractions of different thermal stability (thermolabile and thermostable) were defined. SOM-related parameters were highly correlated with mass losses of the thermolabile fractions. Mass losses of thermostable matter were significantly correlated with soil mineral phase parameters. The soil thermostability index (STSI) was calculated as the ratio of thermolabile and thermostable mass proportions, represented by the mass losses of selected temperature intervals. Regressions of STSI with ratios of mineral phase parameters to OC (e.g., clay/OC), representing the saturation degree of the mineral phase with OC, HWEC, or MBC, yielded strong relationships.
Conclusion
The saturation of the mineral phase with OC determines the thermal stability of OC. Overall, relevant factors for OC thermal stability were identified. OC and HWEC were significantly correlated with thermal stability and mineral phase saturation. For MBC, no such relationship was found, indicating that its stability is driven by other factors.
{"title":"Assignment of Thermogravimetric Mass Losses to Soil Organic Matter, Its Fractions Hot Water–Extractable and Microbial Biomass Carbon, and Organic Matter–Stabilizing Soil Mineral Properties","authors":"Malte Ortner, Michael Seidel, Dörte Diehl, Michael Vohland, Sören Thiele-Bruhn","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400498","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) can be characterized by thermal analysis. Methods to determine the thermal stability of SOM have recently been increasingly applied in soil analysis. Most studies focus on organic carbon (OC), whereas its subfractions, for example, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) or hot water–extractable carbon (HWEC), representing fast-reacting pools, have been less investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A set of 100 soil samples was analyzed for thermal mass losses and their relation to SOM and soil mineral phase properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The temperature-dependent mass losses were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. For this purpose, soils differing in terms of parent material, soil texture, and land use were characterized and analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperature ranges of mass losses and corresponding fractions of different thermal stability (thermolabile and thermostable) were defined. SOM-related parameters were highly correlated with mass losses of the thermolabile fractions. Mass losses of thermostable matter were significantly correlated with soil mineral phase parameters. The soil thermostability index (STSI) was calculated as the ratio of thermolabile and thermostable mass proportions, represented by the mass losses of selected temperature intervals. Regressions of STSI with ratios of mineral phase parameters to OC (e.g., clay/OC), representing the saturation degree of the mineral phase with OC, HWEC, or MBC, yielded strong relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The saturation of the mineral phase with OC determines the thermal stability of OC. Overall, relevant factors for OC thermal stability were identified. OC and HWEC were significantly correlated with thermal stability and mineral phase saturation. For MBC, no such relationship was found, indicating that its stability is driven by other factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 2","pages":"334-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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