Calculating regressions between main foliar nutrient elements from German forest survey data reveals a relationship between S and N for beech, spruce, pine, and oak. For beech and spruce this relationship can be interpreted as a limiting effect of S on N, as known in agriculture and compensated there by S-fertilization. Due to strongly reduced emissions, also in forestry S is more and more changing from surplus to deficiency. As fertilization is not an option in this respect, nutrient-sparing forest management is the only viable approach.
{"title":"Reduced Sulfur Availability has an Impact on N-Nutrition of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)","authors":"Axel Göttlein, Michelangelo Olleck","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Calculating regressions between main foliar nutrient elements from German forest survey data reveals a relationship between S and N for beech, spruce, pine, and oak. For beech and spruce this relationship can be interpreted as a limiting effect of S on N, as known in agriculture and compensated there by S-fertilization. Due to strongly reduced emissions, also in forestry S is more and more changing from surplus to deficiency. As fertilization is not an option in this respect, nutrient-sparing forest management is the only viable approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"913-916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Marcos Rodrigues dos Santos, Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira, Tiago da Costa Dantas Moniz, Gilvanete da Silva Henrique, Francisco Luan Almeida Barbosa, Ícaro Vasconcelos do Nascimento, Alexandre dos Santos Queiroz, Adriana Guirado Artur, Márcia Régia Souza da Silveira, Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa, Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Odair Pastor Ferreira, Laís Gomes Fregolente, Antônio Gomes de Souza Filho, Romildo Lopes de Oliveira Filho, Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota
Background
Biochar can enhance total organic carbon (TOC) stocks and reduce CO2 emissions in degraded soils.
Aims
This study assessed the effects of pyrolytic biochars on TOC recovery and CO2 emissions in a greenhouse experiment.
Methods
PVC columns (20 cm diameter, 50 cm height) were filled with soil and arranged in a factorial scheme (2 × 4 + 1) with four replicates. Treatments included two biochars: co-pyrolyzed sewage sludge and cashew pruning (SPB) and cashew bagasse biochar (CBB), applied at 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha−1, plus a control. CO2 flux was measured in two additional gas collection events. TOC content and bulk density were analyzed, and carbon stocks (CSs) were calculated.
Results
The application of 5 and 40 Mg ha−1 of SPB and CBB increased TOC and CSs compared to the control. CO2 flux fluctuated between samplings, as expected with corn introduction. The highest CO2 flux initially occurred in SPB40, followed by CBB20, whereas in the second sampling, CBB5 showed the highest flux and CBB20 the lowest.
Conclusion
These results suggest that SPB and CBB applications improve soil CSs and mitigate CO2 fluxes, contributing to climate change mitigation and soil restoration.
{"title":"Biochar as a Strategy to Mitigate Greenhouse Gases in Degraded Drylands of the Brazilian Semiarid Region: Carbon Stocks and CO2 Fluxes","authors":"João Marcos Rodrigues dos Santos, Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira, Tiago da Costa Dantas Moniz, Gilvanete da Silva Henrique, Francisco Luan Almeida Barbosa, Ícaro Vasconcelos do Nascimento, Alexandre dos Santos Queiroz, Adriana Guirado Artur, Márcia Régia Souza da Silveira, Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa, Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Odair Pastor Ferreira, Laís Gomes Fregolente, Antônio Gomes de Souza Filho, Romildo Lopes de Oliveira Filho, Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biochar can enhance total organic carbon (TOC) stocks and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in degraded soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the effects of pyrolytic biochars on TOC recovery and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in a greenhouse experiment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PVC columns (20 cm diameter, 50 cm height) were filled with soil and arranged in a factorial scheme (2 × 4 + 1) with four replicates. Treatments included two biochars: co-pyrolyzed sewage sludge and cashew pruning (SPB) and cashew bagasse biochar (CBB), applied at 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, plus a control. CO<sub>2</sub> flux was measured in two additional gas collection events. TOC content and bulk density were analyzed, and carbon stocks (CSs) were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of 5 and 40 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> of SPB and CBB increased TOC and CSs compared to the control. CO<sub>2</sub> flux fluctuated between samplings, as expected with corn introduction. The highest CO<sub>2</sub> flux initially occurred in SPB40, followed by CBB20, whereas in the second sampling, CBB5 showed the highest flux and CBB20 the lowest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that SPB and CBB applications improve soil CSs and mitigate CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes, contributing to climate change mitigation and soil restoration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"1014-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muna Ali Abdalla, Saad Sulieman, Karl Hermann Mühling
Background
Selenium (Se) plays a vital role as a beneficial element in promoting the production of leguminous plants. It influences legume quality by improving crop nutritive value and contributing to human and animal health.
Literature Review
This review is timely, as there are gaps in understanding Se–rhizobia interactions in legumes, which are addressed in three sections of this report. First, the plant-based mechanisms, which include the Se enrichment of grain and forage legumes and the beneficial impact on human and animal health, and Se’s role in boosting nodule-symbiotic efficiency. Next, how Se alters physiological processes in legume symbiosis, including the modulation of key enzymes (i.e., nitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase), which consequently determine the N2-fixing capacity. The last section highlights soil-related factors that affect Se bioavailability in the soil–plant system, highlighting the role of Se in influencing nutrient cycling by enhancing the activities of soil microorganisms.
Conclusions
This review discusses the dual function of Se in the plant–soil system under legume–Rhizobium symbiosis. Se has been proven to enhance nitrogen fixation capacity and benefit plants by improving growth and yield, which ultimately contributes to enhanced productivity and food security. On the other hand, by introducing Se in combination with rhizobia, Se has a greater impact on soil nutrients (especially N and P), thereby reducing the need for substantial amounts of chemical fertilizers. Thus, Se plays a unique role in improving legume quality and enhancing human and animal health while promoting the sustainability of agricultural lands.
{"title":"Liebig Review: Legume–Rhizobium Symbiosis Under Selenium Fertilization: A Unique Dual Function in the Plant–Soil System","authors":"Muna Ali Abdalla, Saad Sulieman, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selenium (Se) plays a vital role as a beneficial element in promoting the production of leguminous plants. It influences legume quality by improving crop nutritive value and contributing to human and animal health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Literature Review</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review is timely, as there are gaps in understanding Se–rhizobia interactions in legumes, which are addressed in three sections of this report. First, the plant-based mechanisms, which include the Se enrichment of grain and forage legumes and the beneficial impact on human and animal health, and Se’s role in boosting nodule-symbiotic efficiency. Next, how Se alters physiological processes in legume symbiosis, including the modulation of key enzymes (i.e., nitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase), which consequently determine the N<sub>2</sub>-fixing capacity. The last section highlights soil-related factors that affect Se bioavailability in the soil–plant system, highlighting the role of Se in influencing nutrient cycling by enhancing the activities of soil microorganisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review discusses the dual function of Se in the plant–soil system under legume–<i>Rhizobium</i> symbiosis. Se has been proven to enhance nitrogen fixation capacity and benefit plants by improving growth and yield, which ultimately contributes to enhanced productivity and food security. On the other hand, by introducing Se in combination with rhizobia, Se has a greater impact on soil nutrients (especially N and P), thereby reducing the need for substantial amounts of chemical fertilizers. Thus, Se plays a unique role in improving legume quality and enhancing human and animal health while promoting the sustainability of agricultural lands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"861-872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) has been recognized as one of the most effective nitrification inhibitors (NIs), its application is not without drawbacks.
Methods
To further optimize the formulation of DMPP-based fertilizers, we combined DMPP with chitosan under controlled conditions and investigated their combined impacts on soil N conversion characteristics, the activity of N-related enzymes, rates of ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission.
Results
The results demonstrate that chitosan alone regulates N conversion processes, including inhibiting urease activity (UA) to delay urea hydrolysis and reducing potential nitrification rate (PNR) and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) to inhibit both nitrification and denitrification processes. It also promotes microbial assimilation of fertilizer-derived N, while reducing the accumulation of NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions compared to urea alone. Chitosan did not significantly affect the degradation rate of DMPP (p > 0.05); however, its presence reduced the effectiveness of DMPP. Compared to DMPP alone, chitosan promoted nitrification and denitrification intensities after 63 days of incubation. Structural equation models (SEM) revealed that the synergistic interaction between chitosan and DMPP influenced PNR, which was identified as a key factor driving NH3 volatilization losses. Furthermore, the presence of chitosan intensified nitrification and denitrification (as determined by enzyme activity), leading to increased accumulated N2O emissions. Although the combination does not produce entirely positive effects, the reduction in NH3 volatilization losses far exceeds the increase in N2O emissions losses.
Conclusion
On balance, we conclude that the combination provides more favorable environmental benefits, whereas its effectiveness still needs to be further validated in agricultural practices.
{"title":"Influence of Chitosan on the Degradation Rate and Efficiency of DMPP","authors":"Furong Xiao, Dongpo Li, Lili Zhang, Yonghua Li, Ping Gong, Yan Xue, Yuchao Song, Kaikuo Wu","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) has been recognized as one of the most effective nitrification inhibitors (NIs), its application is not without drawbacks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To further optimize the formulation of DMPP-based fertilizers, we combined DMPP with chitosan under controlled conditions and investigated their combined impacts on soil N conversion characteristics, the activity of N-related enzymes, rates of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization, and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results demonstrate that chitosan alone regulates N conversion processes, including inhibiting urease activity (UA) to delay urea hydrolysis and reducing potential nitrification rate (PNR) and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) to inhibit both nitrification and denitrification processes. It also promotes microbial assimilation of fertilizer-derived N, while reducing the accumulation of NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions compared to urea alone. Chitosan did not significantly affect the degradation rate of DMPP (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, its presence reduced the effectiveness of DMPP. Compared to DMPP alone, chitosan promoted nitrification and denitrification intensities after 63 days of incubation. Structural equation models (SEM) revealed that the synergistic interaction between chitosan and DMPP influenced PNR, which was identified as a key factor driving NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization losses. Furthermore, the presence of chitosan intensified nitrification and denitrification (as determined by enzyme activity), leading to increased accumulated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Although the combination does not produce entirely positive effects, the reduction in NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization losses far exceeds the increase in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions losses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On balance, we conclude that the combination provides more favorable environmental benefits, whereas its effectiveness still needs to be further validated in agricultural practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"1002-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangfang Ning, Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe, Sebastian Munz, Jens Hartung, Ping Zhang, Shoubing Huang, Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Background
Drought stress (DS) reduces soil phosphorus (P) availability by limiting P diffusion and uptake, while global P resource scarcity exacerbates nutrient limitations for crops.
Aim
This study investigated whether deep subsurface P placement could alleviate the combined effects of P deficiency and DS on maize growth.
Methods
A greenhouse trial with maize (cv. Ricardinio) was conducted involving three factors: three P fertilizer amounts (0 mg P pot−1 [NP], 109 mg P pot−1 [LP], and 655 mg P pot−1 [HP]), three placement depths (0–9 cm [U, upper layer], 9–18 cm [L, lower layer], and uniformly mixed throughout 0–18 cm [M]), and two soil water contents (45% of soil water holding capacity [WHC] [DS] and 75% WHC [WW]). Root and shoot traits were assessed at the fourth- and tenth-leaf stages.
Results
LP significantly reduced shoot biomass and P content compared to HP treatment. At the fourth-leaf stage, DS increased root biomass by 69.3% and 27.1% in the 9–18 cm and 0–18 cm layers compared to WW treatment. At the tenth-leaf stage, DS reduced root biomass by at least 41% across layers and decreased shoot growth and P uptake. Under DS, L-DS increased root growth and root length in the 9–18 cm layer compared to M-DS and U-DS treatments but did not improve shoot traits.
Conclusion
Deep subsurface P placement promoted deeper root development under drought and P deficiency. However, its benefits on shoot growth were not evident in early stages, indicating the need for longer term field validation.
干旱胁迫通过限制磷的扩散和吸收来降低土壤磷的有效性，而全球磷资源稀缺加剧了作物的养分限制。目的研究深层施磷能否缓解缺磷和DS对玉米生长的综合影响。方法采用玉米(cv。Ricardinio)的施磷量为3个因素：3个施磷肥量（0 mg磷肥盆−1 [NP]、109 mg磷肥盆−1 [LP]和655 mg磷肥盆−1 [HP]）、3个施磷肥深度（0 - 9 cm [U，上层]、9-18 cm [L，下层]，并在0 - 18 cm [M]均匀混合）、2个土壤含水量（土壤持水量的45% [WHC] [DS]和75% WHC [WW]）。在第4叶和第10叶阶段评价根和茎的性状。结果与HP处理相比，LP显著降低了地上部生物量和磷含量。在第四叶期，与WW处理相比，DS处理在9-18 cm和0-18 cm层的根系生物量分别增加了69.3%和27.1%。在第10叶期，退耕使根系生物量减少至少41%，并降低了地上部生长和磷吸收。在DS处理下，与M-DS和U-DS处理相比，L-DS处理增加了9-18 cm层的根系生长和根长，但没有改善地上部性状。结论在干旱和缺磷条件下，深层施磷促进了根系的深层发育。然而，其对芽部生长的益处在早期阶段并不明显，这表明需要更长期的田间验证。
{"title":"Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Placement Depth, Amount, and Soil Water Content on Early Maize Growth","authors":"Fangfang Ning, Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe, Sebastian Munz, Jens Hartung, Ping Zhang, Shoubing Huang, Simone Graeff-Hönninger","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought stress (DS) reduces soil phosphorus (P) availability by limiting P diffusion and uptake, while global P resource scarcity exacerbates nutrient limitations for crops.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated whether deep subsurface P placement could alleviate the combined effects of P deficiency and DS on maize growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A greenhouse trial with maize (cv. Ricardinio) was conducted involving three factors: three P fertilizer amounts (0 mg P pot<sup>−1</sup> [NP], 109 mg P pot<sup>−1</sup> [LP], and 655 mg P pot<sup>−1</sup> [HP]), three placement depths (0–9 cm [U, upper layer], 9–18 cm [L, lower layer], and uniformly mixed throughout 0–18 cm [M]), and two soil water contents (45% of soil water holding capacity [WHC] [DS] and 75% WHC [WW]). Root and shoot traits were assessed at the fourth- and tenth-leaf stages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LP significantly reduced shoot biomass and P content compared to HP treatment. At the fourth-leaf stage, DS increased root biomass by 69.3% and 27.1% in the 9–18 cm and 0–18 cm layers compared to WW treatment. At the tenth-leaf stage, DS reduced root biomass by at least 41% across layers and decreased shoot growth and P uptake. Under DS, L-DS increased root growth and root length in the 9–18 cm layer compared to M-DS and U-DS treatments but did not improve shoot traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deep subsurface P placement promoted deeper root development under drought and P deficiency. However, its benefits on shoot growth were not evident in early stages, indicating the need for longer term field validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"992-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josephine Kooij, Marc Stutter, Dorette Müller-Stöver
Background
Although phosphorus (P) is an essential element for human life, it is currently sourced unsustainably primarily from non-renewable phosphate rock sources. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is a method that concentrates nutrients in sludge, a large renewable P source, to produce a sustainable phosphorus fertilizer. However, plant P availability from sewage sludge biochars may vary widely depending on P speciation and soil properties.
Aim
Our study aimed to assess the fertilizer value of sludge and derived biochar materials with different P speciation.
Methods
Biochars were produced at 400°C and 600°C from two types of sewage sludge, one iron precipitated (FeSS) and one biologically treated (BioSS), and applied to two types of soil (loamy and sandy) in pot trials with ryegrass. The P fertilizer value was assessed by plant P uptake at four harvests and subsequent comparison with a mineral fertilizer (triple superphosphate [TSP]) treatment, as well as sequential extraction of the P pools in soil samples after the final harvest.
Results
P uptake by ryegrass was similar in both soils (TSP > BioSS > FeSS > Bio600 = Bio400 > Fe600 = Fe400 > Control), although generally lower in the sandy soil. P uptake from sewage sludges was 10%–12% higher for FeSS and 18%–25% higher for BioSS compared to their biochars. For the BioSS, this was reflected in sequential soil extractions following the final harvest, as water and bicarbonate extractable P was higher for this treatment in both soils. No significant difference in P uptake was found between sewage sludge biochars of different origins or temperatures. However, P uptake from biochar produced from the BioSS was slightly higher in both soils, possibly due to more polymeric phosphate species in the material.
Conclusions
The results emphasize the negative impact of using chemical phosphorus removal during wastewater treatment on the P plant availability of sludge. After pyrolysis, the P fertilizer effect of the materials decreased significantly, with differences between biochars from differently treated sewage sludges being minimized.
{"title":"Phosphorus Plant Availability of Biochars Derived From Contrasting Sewage Sludges to Ryegrass","authors":"Josephine Kooij, Marc Stutter, Dorette Müller-Stöver","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although phosphorus (P) is an essential element for human life, it is currently sourced unsustainably primarily from non-renewable phosphate rock sources. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is a method that concentrates nutrients in sludge, a large renewable P source, to produce a sustainable phosphorus fertilizer. However, plant P availability from sewage sludge biochars may vary widely depending on P speciation and soil properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aimed to assess the fertilizer value of sludge and derived biochar materials with different P speciation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biochars were produced at 400°C and 600°C from two types of sewage sludge, one iron precipitated (FeSS) and one biologically treated (BioSS), and applied to two types of soil (loamy and sandy) in pot trials with ryegrass. The P fertilizer value was assessed by plant P uptake at four harvests and subsequent comparison with a mineral fertilizer (triple superphosphate [TSP]) treatment, as well as sequential extraction of the P pools in soil samples after the final harvest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P uptake by ryegrass was similar in both soils (TSP > BioSS > FeSS > Bio600 = Bio400 > Fe600 = Fe400 > Control), although generally lower in the sandy soil. P uptake from sewage sludges was 10%–12% higher for FeSS and 18%–25% higher for BioSS compared to their biochars. For the BioSS, this was reflected in sequential soil extractions following the final harvest, as water and bicarbonate extractable P was higher for this treatment in both soils. No significant difference in P uptake was found between sewage sludge biochars of different origins or temperatures. However, P uptake from biochar produced from the BioSS was slightly higher in both soils, possibly due to more polymeric phosphate species in the material.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results emphasize the negative impact of using chemical phosphorus removal during wastewater treatment on the P plant availability of sludge. After pyrolysis, the P fertilizer effect of the materials decreased significantly, with differences between biochars from differently treated sewage sludges being minimized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"1027-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 4/2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami ur Rehman, Mudassar Hussain, Federica De Castro, Michele Benedetti, Alessio Aprile, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
In recent years, microplastics (MPs) have become a major environmental pollutant, posing threats to both human health and ecological sustainability. These small plastic particles have been found to have negative impacts on soil physicochemical properties, soil microorganisms, soil enzymes, and nutrient availability, ultimately hindering plant growth. Recent research highlights the crucial role of soil fauna, particularly earthworms (EWs), in facilitating the degradation of MPs. EWs enhance MPs biodegradation by extracellular enzymes released by microbes. Furthermore, the mucus secreted by EWs significantly enhances decomposition during vermicomposting, thereby promoting microbial activity and diversity. This review presents a comprehensive compilation of scientific data to provide: (1) an extensive overview of the fate of MPs in soil environments, including their effects on soil structure, microbial communities, enzymatic activity, and plant-nutrient interactions; and (2) examining the role of EWs in MPs degradation and remediation. It also explores how MPs affect EWs growth and metabolism. EWs offer a promising pathway for environmental remediation, and their use in plastic-contaminated soil or waste can effectively mitigate MPs pollution. The findings presented in this review offer a novel perspective on addressing MPs contamination through the implementation of EWs as a sustainable bioremediation strategy.
{"title":"Microplastics in Agricultural Soil: Fate, Impacts, and Bioremediation by Earthworms","authors":"Sami ur Rehman, Mudassar Hussain, Federica De Castro, Michele Benedetti, Alessio Aprile, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, microplastics (MPs) have become a major environmental pollutant, posing threats to both human health and ecological sustainability. These small plastic particles have been found to have negative impacts on soil physicochemical properties, soil microorganisms, soil enzymes, and nutrient availability, ultimately hindering plant growth. Recent research highlights the crucial role of soil fauna, particularly earthworms (EWs), in facilitating the degradation of MPs. EWs enhance MPs biodegradation by extracellular enzymes released by microbes. Furthermore, the mucus secreted by EWs significantly enhances decomposition during vermicomposting, thereby promoting microbial activity and diversity. This review presents a comprehensive compilation of scientific data to provide: (1) an extensive overview of the fate of MPs in soil environments, including their effects on soil structure, microbial communities, enzymatic activity, and plant-nutrient interactions; and (2) examining the role of EWs in MPs degradation and remediation. It also explores how MPs affect EWs growth and metabolism. EWs offer a promising pathway for environmental remediation, and their use in plastic-contaminated soil or waste can effectively mitigate MPs pollution. The findings presented in this review offer a novel perspective on addressing MPs contamination through the implementation of EWs as a sustainable bioremediation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"873-893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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