The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (Ps) causes diseases in a broad range of hosts including important cash crops from several climate zones. In particular for woody crops, effective and environmentally friendly disease control strategies are not available. Although there is increasing evidence of a link between plant nutritional status and disease susceptibility, optimization of plant nutrition is often neglected in efforts to control Ps diseases. This review brings current knowledge on this topic together with the aim of facilitating the development of treatment recommendations in specific contexts.
Literature review
The article consists of three parts. First, we compiled data on the impact of mineral nutrients on Ps disease severity in woody and herbaceous species. Next, we discuss how nutrients may be related to plant defense and/or Ps virulence. Last, we consider these findings in the context of woody hosts and give suggestions for future research.
Conclusions
We encourage a research focus on typical nutrient imbalances (deficiencies and surpluses) in specific orchard regions; testing the role of foliar fertilizers in spring (the period of highest infection risk); analyses of the interaction between nutrient supply and the microbiome in the phyllosphere; investigating the interaction between nutrient supply and other control measures, and the impact of nutrient supply on Ps diseases in the presence of other stress factors.
{"title":"Liebig review: The role of mineral nutrients in the development of Pseudomonas syringae diseases—Lessons learned and implications for disease control in woody plants","authors":"Nathalie Soethe, Michelle T. Hulin, Antje Balasus, Gail Preston, Christoph-Martin Geilfus","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The plant pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> (<i>Ps</i>) causes diseases in a broad range of hosts including important cash crops from several climate zones. In particular for woody crops, effective and environmentally friendly disease control strategies are not available. Although there is increasing evidence of a link between plant nutritional status and disease susceptibility, optimization of plant nutrition is often neglected in efforts to control <i>Ps</i> diseases. This review brings current knowledge on this topic together with the aim of facilitating the development of treatment recommendations in specific contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Literature review</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The article consists of three parts. First, we compiled data on the impact of mineral nutrients on <i>Ps</i> disease severity in woody and herbaceous species. Next, we discuss how nutrients may be related to plant defense and/or <i>Ps</i> virulence. Last, we consider these findings in the context of woody hosts and give suggestions for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We encourage a research focus on typical nutrient imbalances (deficiencies and surpluses) in specific orchard regions; testing the role of foliar fertilizers in spring (the period of highest infection risk); analyses of the interaction between nutrient supply and the microbiome in the phyllosphere; investigating the interaction between nutrient supply and other control measures, and the impact of nutrient supply on <i>Ps</i> diseases in the presence of other stress factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"301-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Munz, Joachim Ingwersen, Xiaotang Ju, Thilo Streck
Background
The respiratory quotient, that is, the CO2–O2-exchange ratio during aerobic heterotrophic soil respiration, (RQAHR) is one of the key variables of the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique. For reliable application, the BaPS method requires the adjustment of RQAHR to soil-specific substrate conditions.
Aim
The objective of the present study was to determine RQAHR in five arable soils varying between pH 4 and 8 and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios between 8.4 and 11.9 using the BaPS–15N method. Further, we aimed to elucidate whether RQAHR can be estimated from basic soil properties.
Results
Determined RQAHRs were soil specific and ranged between 0.74 and 1.53. RQAHR particularly affected the calculation of gross nitrification rates but not soil respiration rates. Based on a multiple linear regression analysis, soil pH and the C/N ratio of the soil organic matter pool were identified to explain well (R2 = 0.984) the measured RQAHRs. Applying the thus derived RQMLR to the calculation procedure led to good agreement between gross nitrification rates derived by the 15N pool dilution technique.
Conclusions
Future studies are needed to test whether this empirical relationship between RQAHR, pH, and C/N ratio is generalizable. If this would be the case, the BaPS method could be applied without the use of a stable isotope and thus, being less resource demanding than the 15N pool dilution technique.
{"title":"New aspects on the determination of soil-specific respiration quotients of arable soils for the application in the barometric process separation technique","authors":"Hannah Munz, Joachim Ingwersen, Xiaotang Ju, Thilo Streck","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202200443","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202200443","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The respiratory quotient, that is, the CO<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub>-exchange ratio during aerobic heterotrophic soil respiration, (RQ<sub>AHR</sub>) is one of the key variables of the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique. For reliable application, the BaPS method requires the adjustment of RQ<sub>AHR</sub> to soil-specific substrate conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of the present study was to determine RQ<sub>AHR</sub> in five arable soils varying between pH 4 and 8 and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios between 8.4 and 11.9 using the BaPS–<sup>1</sup><sup>5</sup>N method. Further, we aimed to elucidate whether RQ<sub>AHR</sub> can be estimated from basic soil properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determined RQ<sub>AHR</sub>s were soil specific and ranged between 0.74 and 1.53. RQ<sub>AHR</sub> particularly affected the calculation of gross nitrification rates but not soil respiration rates. Based on a multiple linear regression analysis, soil pH and the C/N ratio of the soil organic matter pool were identified to explain well (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.984) the measured RQ<sub>AHR</sub>s. Applying the thus derived RQ<sub>MLR</sub> to the calculation procedure led to good agreement between gross nitrification rates derived by the <sup>15</sup>N pool dilution technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future studies are needed to test whether this empirical relationship between RQ<sub>AHR</sub>, pH, and C/N ratio is generalizable. If this would be the case, the BaPS method could be applied without the use of a stable isotope and thus, being less resource demanding than the <sup>15</sup>N pool dilution technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"388-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202200443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mairaj Khalid, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, Ghulam Haider, Zaib Jahan, Munir Zia, Rafiq Ahmad, Asim Hayat, Tariq Shah
Background
The poor nutrient recovery of phosphatic (P) fertilizers in calcareous soils is a serious worldwide problem resulting in sub-optimal P use efficiency. This is mainly attributed to P fixation with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions in the soil solution. As a result, most of the applied P (in the form of fertilizer) becomes insoluble or immobilized in soil due to complex edaphic processes, making it unavailable to plants. Polymer-coated fertilizers are relatively new approaches to minimizing P-fixation. However, concerns have been recently raised on the environmental effects of synthetic polymers and microplastic loads in agroecosystems.
Aim
Here we developed and investigated the effectiveness of biodegradable polymer-coating on commercial diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer to improve P availability in the soil, hence making P more accessible for plant uptake.
Methods
The polymers were coated on DAP fertilizer granules, and two products based on increasing polymer concentration (namely, C-1 and C-2, respectively) were achieved. The coated and uncoated DAP granules were characterized for surface properties to confirm the appropriate coating of polymers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crushing strength by a universal telson machine. The biodegradable polymer-coated C-1 and C-2 fertilizers were tested for P availability compared to commercial DAP using spinach as a test plant.
Results
The SEM micrographs indicated a uniform coating of biodegradable polymers on DAP granules. Application of C-1 increased the plant's fresh and dry biomass (+10.71% and +18.09%) over commercial DAP, respectively. The C-1 application increased the N, P, and K uptake by +24.9%, +66.7%, and +11% over commercial DAP. In contrast, C-2 produced less biomass than C-1 due to relatively less nutrient uptake and different concentrations of ingredients in C-2.
Conclusion
Together, our results showed that the novel biodegradable polymer approach has demonstrated the potential to improve P recovery and agronomic yield in alkaline soils.
{"title":"Biodegradable maleic–itaconic polymer-coated phosphatic fertilizer improved phosphorous recovery in calcareous soil","authors":"Mairaj Khalid, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, Ghulam Haider, Zaib Jahan, Munir Zia, Rafiq Ahmad, Asim Hayat, Tariq Shah","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The poor nutrient recovery of phosphatic (P) fertilizers in calcareous soils is a serious worldwide problem resulting in sub-optimal P use efficiency. This is mainly attributed to P fixation with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions in the soil solution. As a result, most of the applied P (in the form of fertilizer) becomes insoluble or immobilized in soil due to complex edaphic processes, making it unavailable to plants. Polymer-coated fertilizers are relatively new approaches to minimizing P-fixation. However, concerns have been recently raised on the environmental effects of synthetic polymers and microplastic loads in agroecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we developed and investigated the effectiveness of biodegradable polymer-coating on commercial diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer to improve P availability in the soil, hence making P more accessible for plant uptake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The polymers were coated on DAP fertilizer granules, and two products based on increasing polymer concentration (namely, C-1 and C-2, respectively) were achieved. The coated and uncoated DAP granules were characterized for surface properties to confirm the appropriate coating of polymers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crushing strength by a universal telson machine. The biodegradable polymer-coated C-1 and C-2 fertilizers were tested for P availability compared to commercial DAP using spinach as a test plant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SEM micrographs indicated a uniform coating of biodegradable polymers on DAP granules. Application of C-1 increased the plant's fresh and dry biomass (+10.71% and +18.09%) over commercial DAP, respectively. The C-1 application increased the N, P, and K uptake by +24.9%, +66.7%, and +11% over commercial DAP. In contrast, C-2 produced less biomass than C-1 due to relatively less nutrient uptake and different concentrations of ingredients in C-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, our results showed that the novel biodegradable polymer approach has demonstrated the potential to improve P recovery and agronomic yield in alkaline soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"415-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Biochar can enhance phytoremediation in petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils, making it an intriguing soil amendment option for remediating polluted soil. Biochar can improve the fertility of depleted soils through a range of mechanisms. This study can contribute valuable insights into the origin of biochar and enhance our understanding of the efficacy of different biochar types in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To assess the efficacy of different biochar types and plant growth in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A field experiment was conducted at the automobile workshop (commonly called mechanic village) from July to October 2021, using a randomized complete block design. The land was sectioned into designated plots with three replicates. Maize stalk biochar (MSB) and nipa palm biochar (NPB) were treated differently in each plot at a rate of 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>. Plots containing no biochar were used as controls. Initial and final soil analyses were conducted.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Preliminary soil assessments revealed higher values of soil bulk density (1.51 g cm<sup>−3</sup>), moisture content (35.02%), organic carbon (41.01 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), cation exchange capacity (13.27 cmol kg<sup>−1</sup>), total petroleum hydrocarbon content (PHC<sub>t</sub>) (775.83 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), cadmium (Cd) (5.41 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), chromium (Cr) (25 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), lead (Pb) (33.51 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), and zinc (Zn) (0.91 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in the polluted soil than in the unpolluted counterpart. The polluted soil displayed lower hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i><sub>s</sub>) (1.17 cm h<sup>−1</sup>), available phosphorus (69.46 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), manganese (Mn) (6.38 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and iron (Fe) (4.18 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) contents than the unpolluted soil. The PHC<sub>t</sub>, Cd, and Cr were significantly decreased following the application of biochar. NPB recorded the lowest petroleum hydrocarbon (19%), lead (37%), manganese (57%), and zinc (69%) contents, whereas MSB had the lowest cadmium (50%) and chromium (27%) contents when compared with the control. Between heavy metal accumulations in the leaves and fruits, a greater accumulation of Cd, Cr, and Pb was found in the leaves, whereas Ni accumulation was found in the fruits. The highest Cd (47.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Ni (8.3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) accumulations in the leaves were recorded in NPB treated plots. Similarly, Cd (5.3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), Cr (3.7 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), Pb (21.6 mg
{"title":"The effectiveness of various biochar types in enhancing the phytoremediation of soils polluted with petroleum hydrocarbon","authors":"Abasiama Sunday Umoren, Yahaya Mijinyawa, Mynepali Sridhar, Obadia Bishoge","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300285","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biochar can enhance phytoremediation in petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils, making it an intriguing soil amendment option for remediating polluted soil. Biochar can improve the fertility of depleted soils through a range of mechanisms. This study can contribute valuable insights into the origin of biochar and enhance our understanding of the efficacy of different biochar types in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the efficacy of different biochar types and plant growth in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A field experiment was conducted at the automobile workshop (commonly called mechanic village) from July to October 2021, using a randomized complete block design. The land was sectioned into designated plots with three replicates. Maize stalk biochar (MSB) and nipa palm biochar (NPB) were treated differently in each plot at a rate of 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>. Plots containing no biochar were used as controls. Initial and final soil analyses were conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preliminary soil assessments revealed higher values of soil bulk density (1.51 g cm<sup>−3</sup>), moisture content (35.02%), organic carbon (41.01 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), cation exchange capacity (13.27 cmol kg<sup>−1</sup>), total petroleum hydrocarbon content (PHC<sub>t</sub>) (775.83 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), cadmium (Cd) (5.41 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), chromium (Cr) (25 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), lead (Pb) (33.51 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), and zinc (Zn) (0.91 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in the polluted soil than in the unpolluted counterpart. The polluted soil displayed lower hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i><sub>s</sub>) (1.17 cm h<sup>−1</sup>), available phosphorus (69.46 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), manganese (Mn) (6.38 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and iron (Fe) (4.18 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) contents than the unpolluted soil. The PHC<sub>t</sub>, Cd, and Cr were significantly decreased following the application of biochar. NPB recorded the lowest petroleum hydrocarbon (19%), lead (37%), manganese (57%), and zinc (69%) contents, whereas MSB had the lowest cadmium (50%) and chromium (27%) contents when compared with the control. Between heavy metal accumulations in the leaves and fruits, a greater accumulation of Cd, Cr, and Pb was found in the leaves, whereas Ni accumulation was found in the fruits. The highest Cd (47.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Ni (8.3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) accumulations in the leaves were recorded in NPB treated plots. Similarly, Cd (5.3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), Cr (3.7 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), Pb (21.6 mg","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"426-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ciro A. Rosolem, Carlos A. C. Nascimento, Karina M. Bertolino, Lais B. Picoli
Background
Most of the phosphorus (P) applied to low fertility, acidic tropical soils with high iron and aluminum oxide contents end up adsorbed to soil colloids and not available to crops. Diffusion of P from fertilizers was found to be facilitated by coating with humic substances and by soil moisture.
Aim
However, there is still controversy on the effect of humic substances on soil P forms and diffusion, and there is a gap in the knowledge of how coating the fertilizer interacts with soil water.
Methods
We studied P diffusion and availability from a conventional single superphosphate and a humic acid-coated superphosphate in Petry dishes as affected by soil moisture and the effect of the distance of the fertilizer to the roots using a root-matt methodology.
Results
Coating single superphosphate with humic substances from leonardite (0.5%) and increasing water moisture resulted in improved P diffusion in the soil and plant P uptake. Maize dry matter increased by humic acid-coated phosphate from 3% to 26%, depending on the distance from the fertilizer to the roots. Therefore, there is evidence of a lower P adsorption to soil colloids. The coated fertilizer increased labile P by 76% around the fertilizer granule, while higher levels of less labile P were observed with the use of conventional single superphosphate.
Conclusion
All this resulted in facilitated P transport from the soil to the roots, which is important mainly in double-cropped systems where the second crop is usually exposed to temporary drought.
{"title":"Humic acid enhances phosphorus transport in soil and uptake by maize","authors":"Ciro A. Rosolem, Carlos A. C. Nascimento, Karina M. Bertolino, Lais B. Picoli","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300413","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most of the phosphorus (P) applied to low fertility, acidic tropical soils with high iron and aluminum oxide contents end up adsorbed to soil colloids and not available to crops. Diffusion of P from fertilizers was found to be facilitated by coating with humic substances and by soil moisture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>However, there is still controversy on the effect of humic substances on soil P forms and diffusion, and there is a gap in the knowledge of how coating the fertilizer interacts with soil water.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied P diffusion and availability from a conventional single superphosphate and a humic acid-coated superphosphate in Petry dishes as affected by soil moisture and the effect of the distance of the fertilizer to the roots using a root-matt methodology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coating single superphosphate with humic substances from leonardite (0.5%) and increasing water moisture resulted in improved P diffusion in the soil and plant P uptake. Maize dry matter increased by humic acid-coated phosphate from 3% to 26%, depending on the distance from the fertilizer to the roots. Therefore, there is evidence of a lower P adsorption to soil colloids. The coated fertilizer increased labile P by 76% around the fertilizer granule, while higher levels of less labile P were observed with the use of conventional single superphosphate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All this resulted in facilitated P transport from the soil to the roots, which is important mainly in double-cropped systems where the second crop is usually exposed to temporary drought.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"401-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elcio Ferreira Santos, Fernando Giovannetti Macedo, Marcos Rodrigues, Paulo Sérgio Pavinato, José Lavres
Background
Cotton productivity is commonly limited by the imbalanced nutritional status of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in Brazil. Evaluating the effect of the P–Zn interaction on nutrient availability in soil is crucial, as this interaction promotes plant adaptations that modify the availability of these nutrients in the rhizosphere. However, the influence of root growth on the P–Zn interaction and its adsorption in rhizosphere soil remains poorly understood.
Aim
We tested the interaction of P and Zn rates in two classes of soil cultivated with cotton. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the P and Zn availability and adsorption capacity by rhizosphere soils cultivated with cotton plants subjected to P and Zn rates.
Methods
Cotton plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in two different soils (Entisol and Oxisol), with different P and Zn rates. Phosphorus fractionation and Zn sequential extraction were assessed in rhizosphere soil, while total P and Zn concentrations were measured in the shoot and roots.
Results
Soil type significantly affected the P–Zn availabilities on rhizosphere soils. Although increased P-rates raised P-soil availability on bulk and rhizosphere soils, cotton growth was not increased under low soil-Zn availability. The labile inorganic P content was influenced by P and Zn rates just in Oxisol. In both soils, the Zn- Zn-exchangeable content was decreased by P rates, while Zn bound to oxides increased.
Conclusions
Soil-type effects on P–Zn interaction could have important implications for increasing cotton productivity. Increased cotton productivity by P application was only achieved with an adequate supply of Zn.
背景巴西的棉花产量通常受到磷（P）和锌（Zn）营养状况失衡的限制。评估磷锌相互作用对土壤养分供应的影响至关重要，因为这种相互作用会促进植物的适应性，从而改变这些养分在根圈中的供应。然而，人们对根瘤土壤中根系生长对 P-Zn 相互作用及其吸附的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估棉花根瘤土壤中 P 和 Zn 的可用性和吸附能力。方法在温室条件下，在两种不同的土壤（Entisol 和 Oxisol）中种植不同 P 和 Zn 含量的棉花。结果土壤类型对根瘤土壤的磷锌利用率有显著影响。虽然增加磷酸盐的施用量提高了松散土壤和根瘤土壤中磷的利用率，但在土壤中锌的利用率较低的情况下，棉花的生长并没有增加。仅在 Oxisol 土壤中，可溶性无机钾含量受到钾和锌含量的影响。结论土壤类型对 P-Zn 相互作用的影响可能对提高棉花产量有重要影响。只有在锌供应充足的情况下，施用钾才能提高棉花产量。
{"title":"Low zinc availability limits the response to phosphorus fertilization in cotton","authors":"Elcio Ferreira Santos, Fernando Giovannetti Macedo, Marcos Rodrigues, Paulo Sérgio Pavinato, José Lavres","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300453","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300453","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cotton productivity is commonly limited by the imbalanced nutritional status of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in Brazil. Evaluating the effect of the P–Zn interaction on nutrient availability in soil is crucial, as this interaction promotes plant adaptations that modify the availability of these nutrients in the rhizosphere. However, the influence of root growth on the P–Zn interaction and its adsorption in rhizosphere soil remains poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We tested the interaction of P and Zn rates in two classes of soil cultivated with cotton. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the P and Zn availability and adsorption capacity by rhizosphere soils cultivated with cotton plants subjected to P and Zn rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cotton plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in two different soils (Entisol and Oxisol), with different P and Zn rates. Phosphorus fractionation and Zn sequential extraction were assessed in rhizosphere soil, while total P and Zn concentrations were measured in the shoot and roots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil type significantly affected the P–Zn availabilities on rhizosphere soils. Although increased P-rates raised P-soil availability on bulk and rhizosphere soils, cotton growth was not increased under low soil-Zn availability. The labile inorganic P content was influenced by P and Zn rates just in Oxisol. In both soils, the Zn- Zn-exchangeable content was decreased by P rates, while Zn bound to oxides increased.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil-type effects on P–Zn interaction could have important implications for increasing cotton productivity. Increased cotton productivity by P application was only achieved with an adequate supply of Zn.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"375-387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Pistachio nuts provide many health benefits in human diet. Nutrient levels in plant leaves and fertilizer schedules are determined based on traditional soil and leaf chemical analyses. However, these methods require additional labor, time, and cost, which is why most farmers do not prefer them and cannot detect nutrient deficiencies in time. Fast, easy-to-use and low-cost nutrient level assessment techniques are needed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>This study aims to explore the viability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a fast, user friendly, and cost effective technique for evluating the major macro- and micronutrient contents of dried and ground pistachio leaf sample.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The feasibility of NIRS for estimating nutrient contents was investigated by analyzing samples from 200 pistachio trees. Dried and ground pistachio leaves were subjected to NIRS analysis. PLSR (Partial least square regression) analyses were performed to develop nutrient content prediction models using spectral information of samples.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>It was found that the NIRS system had a very good potential to estimate the K, Ca, Cu, and Mg contents of the leaf samples (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.80). It was also found that Fe and Mn concentrations could also be estimated with good accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.70–0.80). However, the NIRS system did not give good results for the prediction of N, P, and Zn (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> < 0.40).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>In conclusion, the NIRS system can be used to quickly, easily, and economically assess the K, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, and Mn contents of dried and ground pistachio leaves. This technique has the potential to improve nutrient management practices in pistachio farming within a sustainable and environmentally conscious framework. Fourier transform NIRS (FT-NIRS) can provide valuable insights by complementing rather than replacing traditional chemical analysis. Laboratory analysis is still required for definitive nutrient content information, but FT-NIRS can significantly reduce the reliance on such analysis, thereby mitigating the environmental impact caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and minimizing the health risks to laboratory staff. In addition, the rapid information-gathering capabilities of the FT-NIRS can be emphasized.</p>
{"title":"Rapid and cost-effective assessment of nutrients in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) leaves through Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS)","authors":"Yunus Emre Sekerli, Gokhan Buyuk, Muharrem Keskin, Nafiz Celiktas","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pistachio nuts provide many health benefits in human diet. Nutrient levels in plant leaves and fertilizer schedules are determined based on traditional soil and leaf chemical analyses. However, these methods require additional labor, time, and cost, which is why most farmers do not prefer them and cannot detect nutrient deficiencies in time. Fast, easy-to-use and low-cost nutrient level assessment techniques are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore the viability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a fast, user friendly, and cost effective technique for evluating the major macro- and micronutrient contents of dried and ground pistachio leaf sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The feasibility of NIRS for estimating nutrient contents was investigated by analyzing samples from 200 pistachio trees. Dried and ground pistachio leaves were subjected to NIRS analysis. PLSR (Partial least square regression) analyses were performed to develop nutrient content prediction models using spectral information of samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was found that the NIRS system had a very good potential to estimate the K, Ca, Cu, and Mg contents of the leaf samples (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.80). It was also found that Fe and Mn concentrations could also be estimated with good accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.70–0.80). However, the NIRS system did not give good results for the prediction of N, P, and Zn (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> < 0.40).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, the NIRS system can be used to quickly, easily, and economically assess the K, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, and Mn contents of dried and ground pistachio leaves. This technique has the potential to improve nutrient management practices in pistachio farming within a sustainable and environmentally conscious framework. Fourier transform NIRS (FT-NIRS) can provide valuable insights by complementing rather than replacing traditional chemical analysis. Laboratory analysis is still required for definitive nutrient content information, but FT-NIRS can significantly reduce the reliance on such analysis, thereby mitigating the environmental impact caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and minimizing the health risks to laboratory staff. In addition, the rapid information-gathering capabilities of the FT-NIRS can be emphasized.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salt stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses, reducing plant growth and productivity. Thus, the development of suitable management practices to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress has become necessary.
Aims
This study was conducted to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying salt tolerance conferred by jasmonic acid (JA).
Methods
Salt-stressed wheat seedlings were supplemented with 1 mM JA and/or 1 mM ibuprofen (IBU), an inhibitor of endogenous JA biosynthesis, in the culture medium.
Results
The obtained results showed that salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contents. This was associated with a noteworthy reduction in leaf and root ascorbate (AsA) concentrations, as well as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities. Exogenously supplied JA did not affect GS and GOGAT activities in leaves and roots of salt-treated seedlings. However, noticeable enhancements were observed in growth, AsA concentrations, as well as GDH activities. Likewise, the inhibition of JA biosynthesis by IBU application was accompanied by a significant decrease in seedlings’ growth associated with a noticeable reduction in AsA concentrations and GDH activities. The decreases in growth and GDH activities were also obtained following inhibition of AsA biosynthesis by lycorine (Lyc) application. By contrast, increased GDH activities and enhanced growth were obtained following exogenous AsA supplementation, with or without JA biosynthesis inhibition.
Conclusions
The findings implied that exogenous JA enhanced AsA biosynthesis and induced GDH activity, which further promoted the growth of wheat seedlings in salt-stressed conditions. Therefore, the stimulation of AsA biosynthesis and GDH activity through JA application in the rhizosphere may be suggested as a vital strategy for strengthening the salt tolerance of wheat plants, at least at the seedling stage.
背景盐胁迫是最常见的非生物胁迫之一，会降低植物的生长和生产力。方法在盐胁迫小麦幼苗的培养基中添加 1 mM JA 和/或 1 mM 布洛芬（IBU）（内源 JA 生物合成的抑制剂）。结果结果表明，盐胁迫显著降低了嫩枝和根的干重产量和相对含水量。这与叶片和根的抗坏血酸（AsA）浓度以及谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性的显著降低有关。外源提供的 JA 不会影响盐处理秧苗叶片和根部的 GS 和 GOGAT 活性。然而，在生长、AsA 浓度和 GDH 活性方面观察到了明显的提高。同样，施用 IBU 抑制 JA 生物合成的同时，秧苗的生长也显著下降，ASA 浓度和 GDH 活性也明显降低。施用番茄红素（Lyc）抑制 AsA 生物合成后，生长和 GDH 活性也会降低。结论 研究结果表明，外源 JA 可促进 AsA 的生物合成并诱导 GDH 活性，从而进一步促进盐胁迫条件下小麦幼苗的生长。因此，通过在根瘤中施用 JA 来刺激 AsA 的生物合成和 GDH 的活性可能是加强小麦植株耐盐性的一个重要策略，至少在幼苗阶段是如此。
{"title":"Does jasmonic acid mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat through the enhancement of ascorbate biosynthesis and the induction of glutamate dehydrogenase activity?","authors":"Faouzi Horchani, Amal Bouallegue, Zouhaier Abbes","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300437","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300437","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salt stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses, reducing plant growth and productivity. Thus, the development of suitable management practices to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress has become necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying salt tolerance conferred by jasmonic acid (JA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salt-stressed wheat seedlings were supplemented with 1 mM JA and/or 1 mM ibuprofen (IBU), an inhibitor of endogenous JA biosynthesis, in the culture medium.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The obtained results showed that salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contents. This was associated with a noteworthy reduction in leaf and root ascorbate (AsA) concentrations, as well as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities. Exogenously supplied JA did not affect GS and GOGAT activities in leaves and roots of salt-treated seedlings. However, noticeable enhancements were observed in growth, AsA concentrations, as well as GDH activities. Likewise, the inhibition of JA biosynthesis by IBU application was accompanied by a significant decrease in seedlings’ growth associated with a noticeable reduction in AsA concentrations and GDH activities. The decreases in growth and GDH activities were also obtained following inhibition of AsA biosynthesis by lycorine (Lyc) application. By contrast, increased GDH activities and enhanced growth were obtained following exogenous AsA supplementation, with or without JA biosynthesis inhibition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings implied that exogenous JA enhanced AsA biosynthesis and induced GDH activity, which further promoted the growth of wheat seedlings in salt-stressed conditions. Therefore, the stimulation of AsA biosynthesis and GDH activity through JA application in the rhizosphere may be suggested as a vital strategy for strengthening the salt tolerance of wheat plants, at least at the seedling stage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"356-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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