Simone Kilian Salas, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Diana Boy, Elisa Díaz García, Susanne K. Woche, Jens Boy, Georg Guggenberger, Stephan Peth, Paul. A. Schroeder, Hermann F. Jungkunst
Despite knowing better, water-stable aggregates like pseudosands are still disintegrated into their clay- and silt-sized bits and pieces to serve standardization in texture determination. Lacking yet a viable alternative, this deliberately committed mistake seems the contemporary best practice for modeling purposes, which is far from being ideal. Here, we propose this misconception to be a major cause for flawed process understanding of tropical soils, leading to substantial uncertainties in model development. There is enough evidence as to why pseudosands are neither sand nor the plain sum of their clay- and silt-sized units and should therefore better be defined as an additional soil texture class for which properties have yet to be examined across the tropics.
{"title":"The “extra pinch” of pseudosand to enhance tropical biogeochemical processes understanding","authors":"Simone Kilian Salas, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Diana Boy, Elisa Díaz García, Susanne K. Woche, Jens Boy, Georg Guggenberger, Stephan Peth, Paul. A. Schroeder, Hermann F. Jungkunst","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202400090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite knowing better, water-stable aggregates like pseudosands are still disintegrated into their clay- and silt-sized bits and pieces to serve standardization in texture determination. Lacking yet a viable alternative, this deliberately committed mistake seems the contemporary best practice for modeling purposes, which is far from being ideal. Here, we propose this misconception to be a major cause for flawed process understanding of tropical soils, leading to substantial uncertainties in model development. There is enough evidence as to why pseudosands are neither sand nor the plain sum of their clay- and silt-sized units and should therefore better be defined as an additional soil texture class for which properties have yet to be examined across the tropics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202470024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202470024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202470024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wet‐chemical extraction of soil to quantify pedogenic species or to remove specific compounds prior to other analyses is an established approach in analytical soil mineralogy and soil chemistry. Interpretation and informational value of data derived from long‐established and frequently used extractions, for instance involving dithionite, oxalate/oxalic acid in the dark (AOD), and pyrophosphate (PYR), suffers from nonuniform practical regulation and missing knowledge about potential methodical limitations. In this review, we analyzed potential pitfalls of these frequently used extractions, with the focus on selectivity and completeness of the methods as derived from effects of time dependency and of phase separation. Major problems we identified comprised that time‐dependency of extraction differed between analytical targets, that a multitude of species is attacked, reducing the selectivity for the original analytical target, and that studies on extraction from model compounds, including analytical targets and nontargets, are not universally present. The latter aspect is crucial for the completeness of AOD and PYR extraction that has not been proven for all potential analytical targets of the methods yet. We practically tested citrate (CIT) extraction of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) in organic association, using selected models of soil constituents. Apart from a synthesized poorly ordered Si‐rich short‐range ordered aluminosilicate, CIT did not extract Al from nontarget phases, confirming previous studies, but did extract Al and Fe completely from organic associations. In addition to recommendations on the practical use of dithionite‐based, AOD, citrate‐ascorbate (CA), and CIT extraction, we suggest replacing highly problematic PYR extraction by CIT extraction for metals in organic association in soil and using AOD extraction in combination with CA and CIT extraction to avoid potential misinterpretation of ambiguous data.
{"title":"Potential pitfalls when using popular chemical extractions to characterize Al‐ and Fe‐containing soil constituents","authors":"Thilo Rennert, Katharina R. Lenhardt","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300268","url":null,"abstract":"Wet‐chemical extraction of soil to quantify pedogenic species or to remove specific compounds prior to other analyses is an established approach in analytical soil mineralogy and soil chemistry. Interpretation and informational value of data derived from long‐established and frequently used extractions, for instance involving dithionite, oxalate/oxalic acid in the dark (AOD), and pyrophosphate (PYR), suffers from nonuniform practical regulation and missing knowledge about potential methodical limitations. In this review, we analyzed potential pitfalls of these frequently used extractions, with the focus on selectivity and completeness of the methods as derived from effects of time dependency and of phase separation. Major problems we identified comprised that time‐dependency of extraction differed between analytical targets, that a multitude of species is attacked, reducing the selectivity for the original analytical target, and that studies on extraction from model compounds, including analytical targets and nontargets, are not universally present. The latter aspect is crucial for the completeness of AOD and PYR extraction that has not been proven for all potential analytical targets of the methods yet. We practically tested citrate (CIT) extraction of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) in organic association, using selected models of soil constituents. Apart from a synthesized poorly ordered Si‐rich short‐range ordered aluminosilicate, CIT did not extract Al from nontarget phases, confirming previous studies, but did extract Al and Fe completely from organic associations. In addition to recommendations on the practical use of dithionite‐based, AOD, citrate‐ascorbate (CA), and CIT extraction, we suggest replacing highly problematic PYR extraction by CIT extraction for metals in organic association in soil and using AOD extraction in combination with CA and CIT extraction to avoid potential misinterpretation of ambiguous data.","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbas Shoukat, Britta Pitann, Md. Sazzad Hossain, Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib, Allah Nawaz, Karl Hermann Mühling
Background
Salinity stress, an escalating concern in the realm of agriculture, significantly hampers crop productivity worldwide. In recent years, nano-fertilizers have been identified as an innovative and promising avenue for improving nutrient use efficiency and mitigating salt stress in plants.
Aims
This study delves into the comparative efficacy of nano-fertilizers (Zn and Si) and their conventional sources in bolstering maize's resilience against salt stress.
Methods
The hydroponic experiment was conducted to test maize plants under salt stress along with Zn and Si nanoparticles (NPs) application. The analysis extends to their impacts on ionic homeostasis, specifically focusing on potassium and sodium concentrations, K/Na ratio, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and the osmotic potential (OP) within the shoots and roots of maize.
Results
Nanoparticles relatively helped plants better under stress, compared to their respective bulk mode of applications. Nano-Zn treatment considerably boosts the K+ concentration and enhanced K/Na ratio, as a key physiological trait in salt-resistant species, while nano-Si demonstrates a prominent role in modulating OP and limiting Na+ accumulation along with higher Zn and Si accumulation in plants. The salt tolerance index confirmed the contribution of these ionic and osmotic adjustments in helping maize plant against salt stress.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm that the application of nutrients as nano-fertilizers, particularly nano-Zn, enhanced K/Na ratio and improved nutrient availability and uptake of the plant. Si nanoparticles are also attributed to better osmotic adjustment and facilitating water movement, thus highlighting the potential of nano-fertilizers in improving overall agricultural productivity and related environmental issues.
{"title":"Zinc and silicon fertilizers in conventional and nano-forms: Mitigating salinity effects in maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Abbas Shoukat, Britta Pitann, Md. Sazzad Hossain, Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib, Allah Nawaz, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salinity stress, an escalating concern in the realm of agriculture, significantly hampers crop productivity worldwide. In recent years, nano-fertilizers have been identified as an innovative and promising avenue for improving nutrient use efficiency and mitigating salt stress in plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study delves into the comparative efficacy of nano-fertilizers (Zn and Si) and their conventional sources in bolstering maize's resilience against salt stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hydroponic experiment was conducted to test maize plants under salt stress along with Zn and Si nanoparticles (NPs) application. The analysis extends to their impacts on ionic homeostasis, specifically focusing on potassium and sodium concentrations, K/Na ratio, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and the osmotic potential (OP) within the shoots and roots of maize.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanoparticles relatively helped plants better under stress, compared to their respective bulk mode of applications. Nano-Zn treatment considerably boosts the K<sup>+</sup> concentration and enhanced K/Na ratio, as a key physiological trait in salt-resistant species, while nano-Si demonstrates a prominent role in modulating OP and limiting Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation along with higher Zn and Si accumulation in plants. The salt tolerance index confirmed the contribution of these ionic and osmotic adjustments in helping maize plant against salt stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings confirm that the application of nutrients as nano-fertilizers, particularly nano-Zn, enhanced K/Na ratio and improved nutrient availability and uptake of the plant. Si nanoparticles are also attributed to better osmotic adjustment and facilitating water movement, thus highlighting the potential of nano-fertilizers in improving overall agricultural productivity and related environmental issues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 5","pages":"678-689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Heger, Joscha N. Becker, Lizeth K. Vásconez, Annette Eschenbach
Background
Floodplains play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, particularly due to their large soil organic carbon (SOC) storage potential. However, a heterogeneous microrelief and anthropogenic landscape modifications complicate the understanding of stabilization processes of SOC in floodplains.
Aim
Determining the predominant drivers for SOC stabilization in Elbe River floodplain soils.
Methods
We measured SOC density fractions, microbial biomass, and mineralization characteristics in top- and subsoils of eight floodplain sites of the lower middle Elbe River.
Results
The heavy fraction (HF) was the most important SOC pool, with a contribution of >64% at both depth intervals. With soil depth, HF pool size increased and the occluded light fraction (oLF) decreased, whereas the free LF (fLF) stayed the same. The contribution of the HF to SOC was positively related to fine texture (R2 = 0.64). Mineralizable C was negatively related to fine texture at both depth intervals. Both results suggest a positive effect of fine texture on SOC stabilization. The metabolic quotient was related to the amount of available SOC in the topsoil, but no relation was found in the subsoil. However, in top- and subsoil, the mineralization rate constant was positively related to the C/N ratios of the fLF and the oLF, indicating that the quality of fresh plant litter is an important energy source for microbial mineralization.
Conclusion
Sedimentation of fine-textured material is the most important driver for SOC stabilization rather than fresh plant litter input. Thus, SOC stabilization strongly depends on relief, flooding, and sedimentation.
{"title":"Drivers for soil organic carbon stabilization in Elbe River floodplains","authors":"Adrian Heger, Joscha N. Becker, Lizeth K. Vásconez, Annette Eschenbach","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202200402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202200402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Floodplains play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, particularly due to their large soil organic carbon (SOC) storage potential. However, a heterogeneous microrelief and anthropogenic landscape modifications complicate the understanding of stabilization processes of SOC in floodplains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determining the predominant drivers for SOC stabilization in Elbe River floodplain soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured SOC density fractions, microbial biomass, and mineralization characteristics in top- and subsoils of eight floodplain sites of the lower middle Elbe River.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The heavy fraction (HF) was the most important SOC pool, with a contribution of >64% at both depth intervals. With soil depth, HF pool size increased and the occluded light fraction (oLF) decreased, whereas the free LF (fLF) stayed the same. The contribution of the HF to SOC was positively related to fine texture (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.64). Mineralizable C was negatively related to fine texture at both depth intervals. Both results suggest a positive effect of fine texture on SOC stabilization. The metabolic quotient was related to the amount of available SOC in the topsoil, but no relation was found in the subsoil. However, in top- and subsoil, the mineralization rate constant was positively related to the C/N ratios of the fLF and the oLF, indicating that the quality of fresh plant litter is an important energy source for microbial mineralization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sedimentation of fine-textured material is the most important driver for SOC stabilization rather than fresh plant litter input. Thus, SOC stabilization strongly depends on relief, flooding, and sedimentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202200402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing the productivity of plants. However, low nutrient use efficiencies of conventional fertilizers (CFs) associated with several losses have led to widespread multi-nutrient deficiencies in the soil and lower productivity. Furthermore, their excess application has caused serious damage to the soil and environment. Recently, nanotechnology has broadened its applicability in plant nutrition and has paved a way for the production of nanoparticle-induced fertilizers. Therefore, nanofertilizers stand out as promising alternative to CFs for sustainable agriculture. Nanofertilizers are composed of nanoparticles that contain macro- and micronutrients and deliver them in a controlled way to the plant's rhizosphere. This contributes to the enhanced nutrient utilization efficiency. This review delves into the effect of nanotechnology-based nanofertilizers in different forms and dosages on soil properties and plant development. Additionally, the mechanism underlying absorption of nanofertilizers and their advantages and limitations have also been discussed. A thorough comparison between conventional and nanofertilizers has also been made in this review in terms of their nutrient delivery mechanism, efficiency and application. As the use of nanoparticle-embedded fertilizers in plant nutrition is still in its infancy, this review can serve as a guide for future investigations to enhance the knowledge of the use of nanoparticles in the mineral nutrition of different crops.
{"title":"Nanotechnology in plant nutrition: Ensuring sustainable agriculture through nanofertilizers","authors":"Shabnam Mehta, Anjali Thakur, Ibajanai Kurbah, Neha Chauhan, Rimpika Thakur","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300288","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing the productivity of plants. However, low nutrient use efficiencies of conventional fertilizers (CFs) associated with several losses have led to widespread multi-nutrient deficiencies in the soil and lower productivity. Furthermore, their excess application has caused serious damage to the soil and environment. Recently, nanotechnology has broadened its applicability in plant nutrition and has paved a way for the production of nanoparticle-induced fertilizers. Therefore, nanofertilizers stand out as promising alternative to CFs for sustainable agriculture. Nanofertilizers are composed of nanoparticles that contain macro- and micronutrients and deliver them in a controlled way to the plant's rhizosphere. This contributes to the enhanced nutrient utilization efficiency. This review delves into the effect of nanotechnology-based nanofertilizers in different forms and dosages on soil properties and plant development. Additionally, the mechanism underlying absorption of nanofertilizers and their advantages and limitations have also been discussed. A thorough comparison between conventional and nanofertilizers has also been made in this review in terms of their nutrient delivery mechanism, efficiency and application. As the use of nanoparticle-embedded fertilizers in plant nutrition is still in its infancy, this review can serve as a guide for future investigations to enhance the knowledge of the use of nanoparticles in the mineral nutrition of different crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 5","pages":"589-603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birgit W. Hütsch, Franziska Faust, Stephan Jung, Sven Schubert
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Drought stress during flowering of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) frequently results in decreased kernel setting, leading to grain yield depressions. Plasma membrane (PM) H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was identified as a key enzyme responsible for supply of assimilates to the developing maize kernels shortly after pollination. The activity of this enzyme was strongly inhibited under salt stress, pointing to an involvement in kernel abortion.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>This study aimed to determine whether also drought stress causes inhibition of PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in developing maize kernels shortly after pollination, leading to diminished hexose uptake and finally kernel abortion. The key questions are as follows: What are the limiting factors for grain yield production of maize plants facing drought? Are physiologically relevant parameters, quantified at flowering, reflected by yield determinants at maturity?</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Maize plants were cultivated using the container technique, and drought stress was imposed during 3 weeks bracketing flowering compared to well-watered conditions throughout the entire growth period. The developing kernels were harvested 2 days after pollination, and PM vesicles were isolated and purified using two-phase partitioning.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Water deficit caused a significant decrease in grain yield at maturity (−35%), which was determined by a reduced kernel number (−42%). Source limitation in the developing kernels under stress could be excluded. Acid invertase activity was unaffected by water deficit. Hexose availability was also no limiting factor for kernel setting and development. However, <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> of in vitro hydrolytic activity of PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was significantly decreased in the developing maize kernels under drought stress and the maximal pH gradient at the PM was also significantly reduced. The observed inhibiting effects on PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase were mainly of quantitative nature, as a lower number of proton pumps was present in the kernel PM. Qualitative changes of the enzyme (activation energy <i>E</i><sub>a</sub>, Michaelis constant <i>K</i><sub>m</sub>) due to drought were not observed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The lower pH gradient probably decreased the proton-driven transport of hexoses by carriers into the cytosol of the kernel cells, leading
{"title":"Drought stress during maize flowering may cause kernel abortion by inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity","authors":"Birgit W. Hütsch, Franziska Faust, Stephan Jung, Sven Schubert","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought stress during flowering of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) frequently results in decreased kernel setting, leading to grain yield depressions. Plasma membrane (PM) H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was identified as a key enzyme responsible for supply of assimilates to the developing maize kernels shortly after pollination. The activity of this enzyme was strongly inhibited under salt stress, pointing to an involvement in kernel abortion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine whether also drought stress causes inhibition of PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in developing maize kernels shortly after pollination, leading to diminished hexose uptake and finally kernel abortion. The key questions are as follows: What are the limiting factors for grain yield production of maize plants facing drought? Are physiologically relevant parameters, quantified at flowering, reflected by yield determinants at maturity?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize plants were cultivated using the container technique, and drought stress was imposed during 3 weeks bracketing flowering compared to well-watered conditions throughout the entire growth period. The developing kernels were harvested 2 days after pollination, and PM vesicles were isolated and purified using two-phase partitioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water deficit caused a significant decrease in grain yield at maturity (−35%), which was determined by a reduced kernel number (−42%). Source limitation in the developing kernels under stress could be excluded. Acid invertase activity was unaffected by water deficit. Hexose availability was also no limiting factor for kernel setting and development. However, <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> of in vitro hydrolytic activity of PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was significantly decreased in the developing maize kernels under drought stress and the maximal pH gradient at the PM was also significantly reduced. The observed inhibiting effects on PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase were mainly of quantitative nature, as a lower number of proton pumps was present in the kernel PM. Qualitative changes of the enzyme (activation energy <i>E</i><sub>a</sub>, Michaelis constant <i>K</i><sub>m</sub>) due to drought were not observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lower pH gradient probably decreased the proton-driven transport of hexoses by carriers into the cytosol of the kernel cells, leading","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140125107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A host-plant and its associated microbiota are interdependent, with the enduring root zone microbial communities evolving over an extended period for a specific plant species. However, the long-term stability and functioning of host-associated microbiota, and their potential to be influenced by introduced plants, remain poorly understood.
Aims
Our objective was to ascertain the relative contributions of core and rare microbiota in maintaining community stability and soil nutrient cycling in the presence of introduced plants.
Methods
We executed a pot experiment where four plant species at varying successional stages were planted in soil collected from the root area of Pyracantha fortuneana. Soil samples were collected 2 years post-planting. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial networks under different introduced plants were analyzed.
Results
The growth of Betula luminifera significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity, multi-nutrient cycling level, and microbial community diversity, compared to soils cultivated with Imperata cylindrica and Zanthoxylum simulans. Furthermore, the treatment involving B. luminifera planting exhibited a lower clustering coefficient and higher average path length than other treatments. Core taxa demonstrated higher node degree and betweenness centrality than rare taxa, favoring the stability of the microbial network. Importantly, the core taxa, particularly their co-occurrence network properties, were the primary drivers for multi-nutrient cycles of P. fortuneana root zone soils. Among the core taxa, Mortierellomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Thermoleophili, and Rubrobacteria were abundant in the treatment involving B. luminifera and were significantly positively correlated with most soil nutrient extracellular enzymes, thereby contributing to soil multi-nutrient cycling.
Conclusion
Core taxa significantly influence the microbial stability in the root zone soil of P. fortuneana. The introduction of B. luminifera can enhance the stability of the microbial community structure within this soil, thereby promoting soil nutrient cycles.
{"title":"Regulation of soil nutrient cycling in the root zone of Pyracantha fortuneana: The role of core microbiome induced by plant species","authors":"Caili Sun, Xiaoyu Lu, Yiwei Wang, Mosheng Qiu","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A host-plant and its associated microbiota are interdependent, with the enduring root zone microbial communities evolving over an extended period for a specific plant species. However, the long-term stability and functioning of host-associated microbiota, and their potential to be influenced by introduced plants, remain poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our objective was to ascertain the relative contributions of core and rare microbiota in maintaining community stability and soil nutrient cycling in the presence of introduced plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We executed a pot experiment where four plant species at varying successional stages were planted in soil collected from the root area of <i>Pyracantha fortuneana</i>. Soil samples were collected 2 years post-planting. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial networks under different introduced plants were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growth of <i>Betula luminifera</i> significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity, multi-nutrient cycling level, and microbial community diversity, compared to soils cultivated with <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> and <i>Zanthoxylum simulans</i>. Furthermore, the treatment involving <i>B. luminifera</i> planting exhibited a lower clustering coefficient and higher average path length than other treatments. Core taxa demonstrated higher node degree and betweenness centrality than rare taxa, favoring the stability of the microbial network. Importantly, the core taxa, particularly their co-occurrence network properties, were the primary drivers for multi-nutrient cycles of <i>P. fortuneana</i> root zone soils. Among the core taxa, <i>Mortierellomycetes</i>, <i>Dothideomycetes</i>, <i>Thermoleophili</i>, and <i>Rubrobacteria</i> were abundant in the treatment involving <i>B. luminifera</i> and were significantly positively correlated with most soil nutrient extracellular enzymes, thereby contributing to soil multi-nutrient cycling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Core taxa significantly influence the microbial stability in the root zone soil of <i>P. fortuneana</i>. The introduction of <i>B. luminifera</i> can enhance the stability of the microbial community structure within this soil, thereby promoting soil nutrient cycles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"333-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140114768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whether soil structure should be viewed mostly as a system of pores or a set of aggregates is a question soil scientists keep debating in the literature, but it is unclear whether the wider soil science community is also divided. In a quick survey among mainly German soil scientists of all career levels and sub-disciplines, most participants agreed that both pores and aggregates are important to describe soil structure. The debate can nevertheless be fruitful if it is led more efficiently, avoiding generalisations, misunderstandings and potential emotional barriers.
{"title":"Aggregates versus pores – is the soil science community torn apart? A survey","authors":"Svenja Roosch","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202400089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whether soil structure should be viewed mostly as a system of pores or a set of aggregates is a question soil scientists keep debating in the literature, but it is unclear whether the wider soil science community is also divided. In a quick survey among mainly German soil scientists of all career levels and sub-disciplines, most participants agreed that both pores and aggregates are important to describe soil structure. The debate can nevertheless be fruitful if it is led more efficiently, avoiding generalisations, misunderstandings and potential emotional barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140106597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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