Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science最新文献_第6页

Organic Material Reduced Positive Priming Effect in Continuous Cropping Soil by Regulating Microbial Community and Alleviating Nitrogen Restriction 有机质通过调控微生物群落和缓解氮素限制降低连作土壤的正激发效应

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70010

Yan Li, Xian He, Wei Long, Binbin Hu, Min Lu, Congming Zou

Background

Long-term continuous cropping alters soil physicochemical properties, causing nutrient imbalances and disruptions in microbial communities. However, the priming effect (PE) in long-term continuous cropping systems remains poorly understood.

Aims

The objective of this study is to investigate the direction and magnitude of soil PE under varying organic amendments (quality and quantity) and mineral nitrogen (N) co-inputs.

Methods

The soil of a long-term continuous cropping tobacco field was collected and incubated for 32 days. Six treatments were designed: CK (no additions), mineral N, low ¹³C glucose + mineral N, high ¹³C glucose + mineral N, low ¹³C straw + mineral N, and high ¹³C straw + mineral N. This study investigated how organic amendments regulate soil PEs by mediating microbial nutrient limitation, community structure, and soil aggregation, based on measurements of carbon dioxide release, microbial biomass carbon (C) and N, extracellular enzyme activities, phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and aggregate stability.

Results

Mineral N addition reduced microbial N immobilization and soil aggregate stability, while stimulating soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization (positive PE). The addition of glucose or straw provides C sources and energy for microorganisms, stimulating soil microbial activity and enhancing community stability, whereas increased extracellular enzyme activities alleviate nitrogen limitation and improve soil nitrogen availability. The direction of PEs was determined by the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of external organic inputs and mineral nitrogen, with low C/N ratios inducing negative PEs and high C/N ratios producing positive PEs. Straw addition induced weaker PEs (both directions) than labile glucose, while enhancing fungal biomass (K-strategists) to promote soil aggregation and aggregate stability, thereby facilitating soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration (negative PE).

Conclusions

Excessive mineral-N addition and deficient organic material inputs are key drivers of SOC loss in continuous cropping fields. The quality and quantity of the organic substrates regulate the magnitude and direction of the PEs, underscoring the importance of organic substrate inputs in the long-term continuous cropping field.

长期连作改变了土壤的理化性质，造成养分失衡和微生物群落的破坏。然而，对长期连作系统的启动效应（PE）仍知之甚少。目的研究不同有机改良剂（质量和数量）和矿质氮(N)共同投入下土壤PE的变化方向和变化幅度。方法收集长期连作烟田土壤，培养32 d。设计了六种处理方法：本研究通过二氧化碳释放量、微生物生物量碳(C)和氮、胞外酶活性、磷脂脂肪酸分析，探讨了有机添加剂如何通过调节微生物养分限制、群落结构和土壤聚集，调控土壤PEs。总体稳定性。结果矿质氮的添加降低了微生物氮的固定作用和土壤团聚体的稳定性，同时促进了土壤有机质矿化（正PE）。添加葡萄糖或秸秆为微生物提供了C源和能量，刺激了土壤微生物活性，增强了群落稳定性，而增加的胞外酶活性则缓解了氮的限制，提高了土壤氮的有效性。PEs的方向受外部有机输入和矿物氮碳氮比的影响，低碳氮比诱发负PEs，高碳氮比诱发正PEs。秸秆添加诱导的PE（双向）均弱于不稳定葡萄糖，但增加真菌生物量（K-strategists），促进土壤团聚体和团聚体稳定性，从而促进土壤有机碳（SOC）固存（负PE）。结论过量的矿物氮添加和有机质投入不足是连作农田有机碳流失的主要驱动因素。有机基质的质量和数量决定了pe的大小和方向，强调了有机基质投入在长期连作田中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Agricultural Management on Water Retention via Changes in Organic Carbon in Topsoil and Subsoil 农业管理对表土和底土有机碳变化对保水的影响

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70004

Laura E. Skadell, Ullrich Dettmann, Georg Guggenberger, Axel Don

Background

Increases in soil organic carbon (SOC) through agricultural management can alter soil water retention. This is determined via changes in pore size distribution, namely, air capacity (AC), plant-available water capacity (PAWC), and hygroscopic water capacity (HWC). However, it is uncertain how much soil water retention in topsoil and subsoil can be increased with agricultural management practices.

Aims

The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of different agricultural management practices commonly used in Central Europe on AC, PAWC, and HWC in topsoil and subsoil as a result of SOC changes in different soil types.

Methods

We sampled topsoil and subsoil at 11 sites across Germany that showed a management-induced SOC increase and a wide range of soil texture and measured the volumetric water content at different pressure heads from saturation to permanent wilting point.

Results

In topsoil, AC increased on average by 1.3 mm 100 mm⁻¹ (+17%), PAWC by 1.6 mm 100 mm⁻¹ (+8%), and HWC by 1.6 mm 100 mm⁻¹ (+15%) per 10 g kg⁻¹ increase in SOC. In subsoil, SOC was increased by incorporating compost or topsoil material, which increased AC by 10.0 mm 100 mm⁻¹ (+134%), PAWC by 0.7 mm 100 mm⁻¹ (+3%), and HWC by 0.5 mm 100 mm⁻¹ (+7%) per 10 g kg⁻¹ increase in SOC. The total average increase in PAWC was 1 mm in topsoil and 1 mm in subsoil, with SOC increases by 4 and 5 g kg⁻¹, respectively.

Conclusions

More than 50 years of additional farmyard manure addition resulted in an average SOC increase of 3.4 g kg⁻¹, but PAWC increased only slightly by 2.5%, showing the limited impact of agricultural management on water retention capacities.

背景：通过农业管理增加土壤有机碳（SOC）可以改变土壤保水能力。这是通过孔径分布的变化来确定的，即空气容量（AC）、植物有效水量（PAWC）和吸湿水量（HWC）。然而，目前还不确定表土和底土的土壤保水能力可以通过农业管理措施增加多少。本研究的目的是量化中欧常用的不同农业管理措施对表土和底土中AC、PAWC和HWC的影响，这是不同土壤类型有机碳变化的结果。方法对德国11个土壤表层土壤和底土进行取样，这些土壤土壤有机碳含量因管理而增加，土壤质地各异，并测量了从饱和到永久萎蔫点不同压力头下的体积含水量。结果耕层土壤有机碳每增加10 g kg−1，AC平均增加1.3 mm 100 mm−1 (+17%)，PAWC平均增加1.6 mm 100 mm−1 (+8%)，HWC平均增加1.6 mm 100 mm−1（+15%）。在底土中，添加堆肥或表土材料可增加有机碳，每增加10 g kg - 1有机碳，AC增加10.0 mm 100 mm−1 (+134%)，PAWC增加0.7 mm 100 mm−1 (+3%)，HWC增加0.5 mm 100 mm−1（+7%）。表层土壤PAWC平均增加1 mm，底土平均增加1 mm，有机碳平均增加4 g kg−1和5 g kg−1。结论添加农家肥50余年可使土壤有机碳平均增加3.4 g kg−1，而PAWC仅增加2.5%，表明农业管理对保水能力的影响有限。

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引用次数: 0

Current Practices for Analyzing Soils and Sediments via Mössbauer Spectroscopy 通过Mössbauer光谱学分析土壤和沉积物的当前实践

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.12024

Aaron Thompson, James M. Byrne, Carolin L. Dreher, Andrew R. C. Grigg, Prachi Joshi, Drew E. Latta, Anke Neumann, Luiza Notini, Katie E. B. O'Neill, Katherine A. Rothwell

Environmental scientists are increasingly returning to Mössbauer spectroscopy (MBS) to reveal details about iron (Fe)-bearing phases in soils and sediments. MBS is particularly powerful at distinguishing between Fe(II) and Fe(III) and, given appropriate background information, can offer exceptionally precise information on Fe speciation in compositionally complex environmental samples. However, there are relatively few accessible guides for analyzing environmental samples by MBS. In this review, we seek to distill the essential understanding of MBS for earth scientists and provide guidance on analysis, spectral fitting, and interpretation for new practitioners and a consolidation of approaches for experienced users. As a rule, Fe phases in soils and sediments are more disordered and complex than synthetic or geogenic Fe minerals. We cover the most successful ways MBS can be applied to soils, including the determination of Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios, characterization of Fe (oxyhydr)oxide crystallinity, and the use of ⁵⁷Fe isotope spikes, as well as highlighting how to avoid common pitfalls and arrive at Fe phase identification and quantification by leveraging complimentary data and environment context. We outline procedures for sample preparation, analysis, and spectral fitting using decision trees based on the analytical goals and sample conditions. The fitting and interpretation of magnetically ordered ferrous phases at low temperature is lacking in the literature and so we offer an expanded discussion of approaches to these challenging spectra. We provide a discussion and fitting guidance for the most common Fe phases in soils and sediments organized around environmental contexts: young soils (and sediments derived from them) dominated by aluminosilicates, highly weathered soils rich in Fe oxides, organic-rich soils, soils in sulfur-rich environments, and soils exposed to anoxia. For each context, we describe expected Fe phases and their characteristic spectral features while emphasizing the importance of complementary analyses for reliable interpretation. Finally, we identify two critical needs in the field: improved theoretical frameworks for fitting low-temperature ferrous octets and Fe–sulfur phases and a need for standardization of parameter reporting and data sharing within the environmental MBS community. This review aims to both facilitate broader adoption of MBS in the environmental sciences and advance the technique's application to complex natural samples.

环境科学家越来越多地回到Mössbauer光谱（MBS）来揭示土壤和沉积物中含铁相的细节。MBS在区分铁（II）和铁（III）方面特别强大，并且在给定适当的背景信息的情况下，可以提供组成复杂环境样品中铁形态形成的非常精确的信息。然而，使用MBS分析环境样本的可访问指南相对较少。在这篇综述中，我们试图为地球科学家提炼出对MBS的基本理解，为新的从业者提供分析、光谱拟合和解释的指导，并为有经验的用户提供方法的整合。通常，土壤和沉积物中的铁相比合成的或地成因的铁矿物更无序和复杂。我们介绍了MBS应用于土壤的最成功的方法，包括铁(II)/铁（III）比率的测定，铁（氧）氧化物结晶度的表征，以及57Fe同位素峰值的使用，以及如何避免常见的陷阱，并通过利用互补数据和环境背景来实现铁相识别和定量。我们概述了基于分析目标和样品条件的决策树的样品制备、分析和光谱拟合程序。在文献中缺乏低温下磁有序铁相的拟合和解释，因此我们提供了对这些具有挑战性的光谱方法的扩展讨论。我们为围绕环境背景组织的土壤和沉积物中最常见的铁相提供了讨论和适当的指导：以铝硅酸盐为主的年轻土壤（及其衍生的沉积物），富含铁氧化物的高度风化土壤，富有机土壤，富硫环境中的土壤，以及暴露于缺氧的土壤。对于每种情况，我们描述了预期的铁相及其特征光谱特征，同时强调了补充分析对可靠解释的重要性。最后，我们确定了该领域的两个关键需求：改进适合低温铁八元体和铁硫相的理论框架，以及环境MBS社区内参数报告和数据共享的标准化需求。本综述旨在促进MBS在环境科学中的广泛采用，并推进该技术在复杂自然样品中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Agricultural Mulching and Fungicides—Impacts on Structure and Function of the Soil Microbial Community 农业覆盖和杀菌剂对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70009

Maximilian Meyer, Zacharias Steinmetz, Giselle Berenstein, Gabriele Ellen Schaumann, Katherine Muñoz

Background

Plastic mulching and fungicides are frequently applied agricultural practices in strawberry cultivation, which may have an impact on the structure and function of the soil microbiome.

Aim

To understand their combined effects on soil quality, this study investigated the impact of the fungicides fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and fludioxonil on specific microbial responses in two mulching systems: plastic (PC) and straw coverage (SC).

Methods

We conducted a field experiment in a commercial strawberry cultivation, collecting soil samples at four time points (4 weeks before and 1, 5, and 16 weeks after fungicide application) in the 0–10 cm and the 10–30 cm soil layer. Soil analyses comprised phospholipid-derived fatty acids (microbial structure), substrate-induced respiration pattern (microbial function), fungicide concentrations in soil, and soil physicochemical parameters.

Results

We observed that the soil under PC was exposed to lower fungicide levels than under SC. However, no significant differences were found in the structure and function of the soil microbial community between both mulching systems. In both mulching systems, we observed temporary declines in microbial abundances and soil respiration rates following fungicide application. However, full recovery was achieved within the 6-month experiment period. Additionally, there was a shift in the structure of the microbial community toward larger bacterial and smaller fungal fractions, as well as larger gram+ and smaller gram− bacterial fractions.

Conclusions

Overall, we found no evidence of long-lasting impairment to the soil microbiome that could compromise soil quality or sustainable agriculture under the conditions investigated.

背景覆膜和杀菌剂是草莓栽培中常用的农业措施，可能对土壤微生物群的结构和功能产生影响。目的研究杀菌剂芬赛明、环虫腈和嘧菌腈在塑料覆盖和秸秆覆盖两种覆盖方式下对土壤特定微生物反应的影响，以了解它们对土壤质量的综合影响。方法对商品草莓栽培进行田间试验，在0 ~ 10 cm土层和10 ~ 30 cm土层分别于施用杀菌剂前4周和施用杀菌剂后1、5、16周采集土壤样品。土壤分析包括磷脂衍生的脂肪酸（微生物结构）、底物诱导的呼吸模式（微生物功能）、土壤中的杀菌剂浓度和土壤理化参数。结果有机肥覆盖下土壤杀菌剂用量低于有机肥覆盖，但两种覆盖方式土壤微生物群落结构和功能无显著差异。在两种覆盖系统中，我们观察到施用杀菌剂后微生物丰度和土壤呼吸速率暂时下降。然而，在6个月的实验期内，完全恢复了。此外，微生物群落的结构向较大的细菌和较小的真菌组分以及较大的革兰氏+和较小的革兰氏−细菌组分转变。总的来说，我们没有发现证据表明在所调查的条件下，土壤微生物组的长期损害可能会损害土壤质量或可持续农业。

{"title":"Agricultural Mulching and Fungicides—Impacts on Structure and Function of the Soil Microbial Community","authors":"Maximilian Meyer, Zacharias Steinmetz, Giselle Berenstein, Gabriele Ellen Schaumann, Katherine Muñoz","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plastic mulching and fungicides are frequently applied agricultural practices in strawberry cultivation, which may have an impact on the structure and function of the soil microbiome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To understand their combined effects on soil quality, this study investigated the impact of the fungicides fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and fludioxonil on specific microbial responses in two mulching systems: plastic (PC) and straw coverage (SC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a field experiment in a commercial strawberry cultivation, collecting soil samples at four time points (4 weeks before and 1, 5, and 16 weeks after fungicide application) in the 0–10 cm and the 10–30 cm soil layer. Soil analyses comprised phospholipid-derived fatty acids (microbial structure), substrate-induced respiration pattern (microbial function), fungicide concentrations in soil, and soil physicochemical parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed that the soil under PC was exposed to lower fungicide levels than under SC. However, no significant differences were found in the structure and function of the soil microbial community between both mulching systems. In both mulching systems, we observed temporary declines in microbial abundances and soil respiration rates following fungicide application. However, full recovery was achieved within the 6-month experiment period. Additionally, there was a shift in the structure of the microbial community toward larger bacterial and smaller fungal fractions, as well as larger gram+ and smaller gram− bacterial fractions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, we found no evidence of long-lasting impairment to the soil microbiome that could compromise soil quality or sustainable agriculture under the conditions investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 6","pages":"964-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coated Fertilizers Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Reducing Ammonia Volatilization While Increasing Crop Yield 包膜肥通过减少氨挥发提高氮素利用效率，同时提高作物产量

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70001

Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf, Ashar Rauf, Waqar Ahmad, Muhammad Aamer Maqsood, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Moaz Khursheed, Muhammad Ahmed Waqas, Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq, Abdullah A. Alarfaj, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi

Background

Soil nitrogen (N) losses present significant environmental and economic challenges. Therefore, it is imperative to implement strategies aimed at mitigating N loss and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).

Aims

We conducted incubation and pot experiments to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of coated urea against conventional urea applications in reducing N loss via ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) release, as well as ammonia (NH₃) volatilization and improving crop yield.

Methods

A pot experiment was conducted to explore the potential of coated urea to enhance the NUE and yield of wheat crops cultivated in two soils with distinct textures. Treatments included (1) no fertilizer control (CK), (2) conventional urea (ordinary urea [OU]), (3) neem-coated urea (NCU), (4) moringa-coated urea (MCU), (5) sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and (6) biochar-coated urea (BCU).

Results

The results from the incubation experiment indicated that all the coated fertilization strategies performed well, but BCU significantly reduced NH₃ volatilization up to 34% and 18% more than OU in clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively, followed by SCU, NCU, and MCU. In pot experiment, the same treatment yielded highest biological (+142% and 127%), straw (+167% and 153%), grain yield (105% and 85%), and 1000-grain weight (+34% and 49%) than the CK in clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Overall, the trend of coated urea treatment in improving plant physiological and yield parameters was BCU > SCU > MCU > NCU > OU > CK. Moreover, NUE was significantly enhanced in all coated fertilizers compared to CK, with BCU showing the highest increase in NUE (75%) in clay loam soil and 62% in sandy loam soil relative to CK. The order of agronomic and recovery NUE trend is expressed as BCU > SCU > MCU > NCU > OU > CK in sandy loam and clay loam soil.

Conclusions

All the coated fertilizers performed well, enhanced the NUE, and reduced NH₃ volatilization, but BCU was suggested as the best option among all coated fertilizers to minimize the N losses and balance crop productivity with environmental protection in diverse soil types.

土壤氮(N)的损失是一个重大的环境和经济挑战。因此，实施旨在减少氮素损失和提高氮素利用效率（NUE）的策略势在必行。目的通过培养和盆栽试验，比较包膜尿素与常规尿素在减少铵态氮（NH4+）和硝态氮（NO3−）释放、氨（NH3）挥发和提高作物产量方面的效果。方法通过盆栽试验，探讨包膜尿素在两种不同质地土壤中提高小麦氮肥利用率和产量的潜力。处理包括(1)无肥控制（CK）、(2)常规尿素（普通尿素[OU]）、(3)尼姆包覆尿素（NCU）、(4)辣木包覆尿素（MCU）、(5)硫包覆尿素（SCU）和(6)生物炭包覆尿素（BCU）。结果3种包膜施肥方式均有较好的效果，但包膜施肥方式对粘壤土和砂壤土NH3挥发的抑制作用分别比普通包膜施肥方式高34%和18%，其次是SCU、NCU和MCU。盆栽试验中，相同处理在粘壤土和砂壤土上的生物产量（+142%和127%）、秸秆产量（+167%和153%）、籽粒产量（105%和85%）和千粒重（+34%和49%）分别高于对照。总体而言，包膜尿素处理对植株生理和产量参数的改善趋势为BCU >； SCU > MCU > NCU > OU >； CK。与对照相比，包膜肥显著提高了氮素利用效率，其中BCU对粘壤土氮素利用效率的提高幅度最大，分别为75%和62%。砂壤土和粘壤土的农艺和恢复氮肥趋势顺序为BCU >； SCU > MCU > NCU > OU >； CK。结论在不同土壤类型下，包膜肥均表现良好，可提高氮肥利用效率，降低NH3挥发，但BCU是包膜肥中最大限度减少氮素损失、平衡作物生产力与环境保护的最佳选择。

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引用次数: 0

Different Amounts of Added Litter Do Not Affect Long-Term Carbon Mineralization and Stabilization in Topsoils and Subsoils 不同凋落物添加量不影响表层土和底土长期碳矿化和稳定

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70002

Neha Begill, Christopher Poeplau, Henning Meesenburg, Corinna Rebmann, Axel Don

Background

Over half of global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are stored in subsoil. A larger fraction of carbon (C) input may be retained and stabilized in subsoil as compared to topsoil. This retained fraction determines C sequestration efficiency, which may also depend on the amount of C input.

Aims

This study aimed to determine how litter decomposition and stabilization differ between topsoil and subsoil and how these processes respond to increasing amounts of added litter.

Methods

A field incubation experiment was initiated at three forest sites (Braunschweig, Hohes Holz and Krofdorf). At each site, ¹³C-enriched pre-decomposed beech litter was added at doses of 2–64 g kg⁻¹ of soil and buried in mesocosms in topsoils and subsoils. After 1, 2 and 4 years, samples were excavated and size-fractionated (<20 µm).

Results

Different amounts of substrate addition did not affect the mineralization of this substrate or the formation efficiency of new fine fraction carbon (OC_fine). Furthermore, soil depth had little impact, with 75% and 71% of the added substrate mineralized in the topsoils and subsoils, respectively, after 4 years. Substrate addition also did not significantly enhance the mineralization of native SOC. The lowest formation of new OC_fine was observed at the Braunschweig site characterized by sandy soils, suggesting a potential link between soil texture and OC_fine formation.

Conclusions

The SOC formation efficiency is decoupled from the amount of C added; nevertheless, increasing the amount of C input will lead to a continuous linear rise in SOC stocks.

全球土壤有机碳（SOC）储量的一半以上储存在底土中。与表层土壤相比，更大比例的碳(C)输入可以在底土中保留和稳定。这一保留分数决定了碳的固存效率，而固存效率也可能取决于碳的输入量。目的研究凋落物分解和稳定在表土和底土之间的差异，以及这些过程如何响应凋落物添加量的增加。方法在布伦瑞克、霍什霍尔茨和克罗夫多夫3个森林站点进行田间孵化试验。在每个地点，以2-64 g kg - 1的剂量添加富含13c的预分解山毛榉凋落物，并在表层土和底土中埋置。在1年、2年和4年后，对样品进行挖掘和粒度分馏（<20µm）。结果不同添加量的底物对该底物的矿化和新细粒碳（OCfine）的形成效率没有影响。此外，土壤深度的影响不大，4年后，添加的基质在表层土和底土中矿化的比例分别为75%和71%。添加基质也没有显著提高原生有机碳的矿化。在以沙质土壤为特征的布伦瑞克遗址，新OCfine的形成最低，这表明土壤质地与OCfine的形成之间存在潜在的联系。结论有机碳的形成效率与碳的添加量无关；然而，增加C的投入将导致SOC库存的持续线性上升。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in Clay Mineral Composition and Soil Potassium Pools Under 50 Years of Soybean–Wheat Cropping in an Alfisol 大豆小麦种植50年土壤黏土矿物组成和钾库的变化

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.12023

Harshit Aman, Amlan Kumar Ghosh, Dibyajyoti Panda, Chandni Pradhan, Prabhakar Mahapatra, Ranjan Paul, Gopal Tiwari

Background

Potassium fertilizers are imported in India, and hence, potassium fertilization is a costly input. Resource poor cultivators variably use potassium fertilization for crop production which disturbs potassium dynamics in soil impacting soil health.

Aim

A long-term negative potassium balance in the cropping system can result in the release of potassium from the non-exchangeable pool, ultimately resulting in changes in clay mineralogy, amounting to chemical degradation of soil.

Method

Soils from a long-term soybean–wheat cropping system receiving variable amounts of potassium fertilizers, which was in the 50th cropping cycle, were used to investigate the potassium pools and clay mineralogy.

Result

There was considerable reduction in yield both in control (78.7%) and 100% NP treatments (15.95%). The negative K balance followed the order 100% NP > 100% NPK > 50% NPK > 150% NPK. To meet the potassium requirement and negative potassium balances, potassium was being released from interlayers resulting in the annual loss of non-exchangeable K up to 2.42, 1.06, 0.74, and 1.34 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ under 100% NP, Control, 50% NPK, and 100% NPK, respectively. The 100% NP treatment showed the smallest intensity of illite followed by 100% NPK, 50% NPK, Control, and 150% NPK. The illite intensity was reduced by 41.6%, 11.7%, 8.49%, and 1.6% in the 100% NP, 100% NPK, 50% NPK, and Control treatments, respectively, compared to 150% NPK.

Conclusion

The correlation studies revealed a positive association between negative balance, non-exchangeable K, and illite, supporting the hypothesis that a reduction in non-exchangeable K under negative K balances results in alterations in the clay mineralogical composition.

印度钾肥是进口的，因此，钾肥是一项昂贵的投入。资源贫乏的农户在作物生产中施用钾肥的多样性，扰乱了土壤中的钾动态，影响了土壤健康。目的种植系统长期的负钾平衡会导致钾从不可交换池中释放出来，最终导致粘土矿物的变化，相当于土壤的化学降解。方法采用长期施用钾肥的大豆-小麦种植体系第50个种植周期的土壤，对土壤的钾库和粘土矿学进行了研究。结果对照（78.7%）和100% NP处理（15.95%）产量均显著降低。负K余额的顺序为100% NP >；100% NPK >；50%氮磷钾>；氮磷钾的150%。在100% NP、对照、50% NPK和100% NPK处理下，为了满足钾的需要量和钾的负平衡，钾从层间释放，导致非交换性钾的年损失分别高达2.42、1.06、0.74和1.34 kg ha - 1 - 1年。100% NP处理的伊利石强度最小，其次是100% NPK、50% NPK、对照和150% NPK。与150%氮磷钾相比，100% NP、100% NPK、50% NPK和对照处理的伊利石强度分别降低了41.6%、11.7%、8.49%和1.6%。结论相关研究揭示了负平衡、非交换性钾和伊利石之间的正相关关系，支持了负平衡下非交换性钾的减少导致粘土矿物组成改变的假设。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution to the HiStory Series in Plant Nutrition 植物营养历史丛书的贡献

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.12019

Wolfgang Böhm, Alexander H. Wissemeier

After Justus von Liebig had largely recognized the necessity of nitrogen fertilization to achieve high yields from 1862 onwards, the question of why legumes are particularly beneficial for crop rotation remained unanswered. Schultz-Lupitz (1831–1899), who convincingly proved the preceding crop effect of legumes for cereals as a subsequent crop in his fertilization system, assumed that legumes, in contrast to cereals, can absorb nitrogen from deeper soil layers. The debate led to numerous experiments, ultimately leading to the discovery by Hermann Hellriegel (1831–1985) that legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen with the help of nodule bacteria. He conducted comparative container experiments with legumes and cereals under sterile and non-sterile conditions with soil extracts. This represented a scientific breakthrough, which Hellriegel presented for the first time in 1886 at the meeting of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte (Society of German Naturalists and Physicians) in Berlin and published in detail together with Wilfarth in 1888. This scientifically substantiated the practical value of legumes in crop rotations, which was already empirical knowledge of Roman agricultural authors.

1862年起，李比希（Justus von Liebig）在很大程度上认识到氮肥对实现高产的必要性之后，关于为什么豆科作物特别有利于轮作的问题仍然没有答案。舒尔茨-卢皮茨（1831-1899）在他的施肥系统中令人信服地证明了豆类对谷物的前茬作物效应作为后继作物，他假设豆类与谷物不同，可以从较深的土层吸收氮。这场争论引发了大量的实验，最终导致赫尔曼·赫尔里格尔（Hermann Hellriegel, 1831-1985）发现豆科植物可以在结核细菌的帮助下固定大气中的氮。他在无菌和非无菌条件下用土壤提取物对豆科植物和谷类植物进行了容器对比试验。这代表了一项科学突破，1886年，海尔里格尔在柏林举行的德国博物学家和医生协会（Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte）会议上首次提出了这一观点，并于1888年与威尔法斯一起详细发表了这一观点。这科学地证实了豆类在作物轮作中的实用价值，这已经是罗马农业作者的经验知识。

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引用次数: 0

Theoretical and Methodological Framework for Monitoring Feedback Mechanisms Among Soil Moisture Dynamics, Soil Organic Matter and Deadwood in Forests 森林土壤水分动态、土壤有机质和枯木间反馈机制监测的理论与方法框架

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.12008

Stefan Julich, Alina Azekenova, Patrick Wordell-Dietrich, Robin Schäfferling, Alexandra Koller, Britt Kniesel, Peter Petrik, Gabriela Fontenla-Razzetto, Lili Zeh, Karl-Heinz Feger, Goddert von Oheimb, Karsten Kalbitz

Background

Deadwood in forests may counteract climate change by enhancing water and carbon cycle. Feedback mechanisms and long-term impacts are yet to be uncovered.

Aims

This study established a comprehensive monitoring system to assess the interactions among soil moisture dynamics, soil organic matter, and coarse woody debris (CWD).

Methods

We conducted a literature review of the current state of the art in measuring and monitoring the various elements of the water and carbon cycles in forest stands as a basis for developing a model setup for an integrated monitoring system. A near-natural beech forest was used as an example.

Results

There is a lack of systems that integrate water and carbon cycles of forest stands so feedback mechanisms could not be detected. In addition, few studies consider the effects of variability of water and carbon fluxes, which are necessary to determine the effects of deadwood on ecosystem functions.

Conclusions

Hence, we developed a setup which provides a novel, integrated approach to monitoring forest ecosystem processes, focusing on the critical role of deadwood. This framework enables the assessment of feedback mechanisms between hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, providing valuable insights for climate-resilient forest management.

森林枯木可以通过促进水和碳循环来抵消气候变化。反馈机制和长期影响尚未发现。目的建立土壤水分动态、土壤有机质和粗木屑相互作用的综合监测系统。方法对林分水循环和碳循环中各种元素的测量和监测现状进行文献综述，为建立综合监测系统的模型奠定基础。以近乎自然的山毛榉林为例。结果缺乏整合林分水碳循环的系统，因此无法检测到反馈机制。此外，很少有研究考虑枯木对生态系统功能影响所必需的水通量和碳通量变异性的影响。因此，我们开发了一种新的、综合的方法来监测森林生态系统过程，重点关注枯木的关键作用。该框架能够评估水文和生物地球化学循环之间的反馈机制，为气候适应型森林管理提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Hydrolyzed Keratin Derived From Waste Sheep Wool on Growth Regulation and Nitrate Accumulation in Lettuce Grown Under Various LED Lighting Conditions 废羊毛水解角蛋白对不同LED光照条件下生菜生长调控及硝酸盐积累的影响

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.12021

Ozge Sahin, Gamze Cakirer Seyrek, Nevin Kocak, Koksal Demir, Aydin Gunes

Background

Nitrate accumulation in leafy vegetables poses health risks for humans.

Aims

The effect of hydrolyzed keratin (HK) on the development of lettuce grown under natural and various LED light sources, as well as its impact on reducing nitrate accumulation, was investigated in hydroponic systems.

Methods

HK was obtained from sheep wool, and its structural and molecular properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The plants were grown in a cocopeat. The light sources used in the experiment included Blue, Blue + Far-red, Red, Red + Blue, Red + Far-red, Red + Blue + Far-red, White, and natural light (NL), with HK concentrations in the nutrient solution set at 0, 25, and 50 mg N L⁻¹ for the plants grown under these conditions.

Results

According to the results obtained from the research, the best plant growth and the highest nitrate accumulation were observed in plants grown under NL conditions. Among the LED light sources, the most ideal treatments for high yield and low nitrate accumulation were those with Red and Red + Blue + Far-red. The most significant outcome of this study was that the addition of HK to the nutrient solution led to a significant reduction in nitrate concentrations in the lettuce plants across all treatments except for the blue light source. The addition of HK to the nutrient solution decreased nitrate in most light treatments, highlighting its potential as a valuable additive in controlled agriculture.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the potential to optimize light conditions and nutrient formulations to enhance plant health and safety in indoor cultivation.

背景：叶菜中的硝酸盐积累对人类健康构成威胁。目的研究水培系统中水解角蛋白（HK）对天然光源和不同LED光源下生菜生长发育的影响，以及对减少硝酸盐积累的影响。方法从绵羊羊毛中提取HK，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和共聚焦拉曼光谱（confocal Raman spectroscopy）对HK的结构和分子性质进行分析。这些植物是在椰子树里种植的。实验采用蓝光、蓝+远红、红、红+蓝、红+远红、红+蓝+远红、白光和自然光，在这些条件下生长的植株，营养液中的HK浓度分别为0、25和50 mg NL−1。结果NL条件下植株生长最佳，硝态氮积累量最高。在LED光源中，最理想的高产低硝态氮积累处理是红色和红+蓝+远红处理。本研究最显著的结果是，除蓝色光源外，在营养液中添加HK导致生菜植株中硝酸盐浓度在所有处理中显著降低。在大多数光照处理中，向营养液中添加HK可降低硝酸盐含量，突出了其作为一种有价值的添加剂在控制农业中的潜力。结论通过优化光照条件和营养配方，提高室内栽培植物的健康和安全。

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引用次数: 0