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Revisiting the Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions and Mineral Nitrogen Extraction Methods: Further Experimental Work Considering the Pasda et al. (2023) Opinion Paper 重新审视不同土壤湿度条件下硝化抑制剂和矿物氮提取方法的有效性：考虑Pasda等（2023）意见文件的进一步实验工作
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70044
Mubashir Husnain, Pablo L. Ribeiro, Britta Pitann, Karl H. Mühling
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>In a recent opinion article, Pasda et al. indicated that the findings from our previous study (Guo et al.) were misleading due to the inappropriateness of the experimental work. The mentioned study focused on the effectiveness of four nitrification inhibitors (NIs) in reducing nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions as affected by temperature and moisture.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>We assessed to what extent the issues raised by Pasda et al. impact the findings presented by Guo et al. The points considered were (1) the lack of distinction between pure NIs, commercial formulations, and NI-treated fertilizers, (2) unsuitable application rates of nitrogen (N) and NIs, and (3) inappropriate soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N extraction method.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We conducted an incubation experiment to evaluate the efficacy of dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (pure NIs), ENTEC (DMPP-treated fertilizer), and PIADIN (commercial NI formulation) under 60% and 80% water-holding capacity (WHC). Application rates of N and NIs followed Guo et al. but were adjusted according to Pasda et al. comments. The measurements included periodic monitoring of soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentrations, as well as N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions. We compared 0.0125 M CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 M KCl extraction solutions to assess the effectiveness of NIs in regulating soil mineral N concentrations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The control treatments at the both 60% and 80% WHC exhibited highest N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions; however, emissions were higher at 80% WHC compared to 60%. NIs effectively reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions although the efficiency was slightly lower 80% WHC. Furthermore, NI treatments also retained higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N levels and suppressed NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation. KCl extractions consistently yielded higher amount of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N as compared to CaCl<sub>2</sub>.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The study proves that the dilution of ENTEC significantly affected Guo et al.’s results. In the current study, ENTEC effectively reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, performing similar to DMPP, DCD, and PIADIN. The high efficiency of these inhibitors remains consistent and in line with the earlier findings. Although the KCl extraction is more pr
在最近的一篇评论文章中，Pasda等人指出，由于实验工作的不恰当，我们之前的研究（Guo等人）的结果具有误导性。上述研究侧重于四种硝化抑制剂（NIs）在温度和湿度影响下减少一氧化二氮（N2O）排放的有效性。我们评估了Pasda等人提出的问题在多大程度上影响了Guo等人的研究结果。考虑的问题是：(1)缺乏对纯氮肥、商业配方和ni处理肥料的区分；(2)氮肥和NIs的施用量不合适；(3)土壤NH4+-N提取方法不合适。方法通过培养实验，评价双氰胺（DCD）、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸（DMPP）（纯NI）、ENTEC （DMPP处理过的肥料）和PIADIN（商业NI配方）在60%和80%持水量（WHC）条件下的效果。N和NIs的施用量参照Guo等人，但根据Pasda等人的评论进行了调整。测量包括定期监测土壤NH4+-N和NO3 -N浓度，以及N2O-N排放。我们比较了0.0125 M CaCl2和1 M KCl萃取溶液，以评估NIs对土壤矿质氮浓度的调节效果。结果60% WHC和80% WHC对照处理的N2O-N排放量最高；然而，80% WHC的排放量高于60% WHC的排放量。NIs有效地减少了N2O的排放，但效率略低于80% WHC。此外，NI处理还保留了较高的NH4+-N水平，抑制了NO3−-N的积累。与CaCl2相比，KCl萃取始终产生更高量的NH4+-N。结论本研究证明ENTEC的稀释对Guo等人的结果有显著影响。在目前的研究中，ENTEC有效地减少了N2O的排放，其效果与DMPP、DCD和PIADIN相似。这些抑制剂的高效率保持一致，并与早期的发现一致。虽然KCl的提取对于NH4+-N的测量更为精确，但CaCl2仍然可以检测NI效应，并且可能适合于具体的研究背景。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions and Mineral Nitrogen Extraction Methods: Further Experimental Work Considering the Pasda et al. (2023) Opinion Paper 重新审视不同土壤湿度条件下硝化抑制剂和矿物氮提取方法的有效性：考虑Pasda等（2023）意见文件的进一步实验工作
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70044
Mubashir Husnain, Pablo L. Ribeiro, Britta Pitann, Karl H. Mühling
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>In a recent opinion article, Pasda et al. indicated that the findings from our previous study (Guo et al.) were misleading due to the inappropriateness of the experimental work. The mentioned study focused on the effectiveness of four nitrification inhibitors (NIs) in reducing nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions as affected by temperature and moisture.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>We assessed to what extent the issues raised by Pasda et al. impact the findings presented by Guo et al. The points considered were (1) the lack of distinction between pure NIs, commercial formulations, and NI-treated fertilizers, (2) unsuitable application rates of nitrogen (N) and NIs, and (3) inappropriate soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N extraction method.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We conducted an incubation experiment to evaluate the efficacy of dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (pure NIs), ENTEC (DMPP-treated fertilizer), and PIADIN (commercial NI formulation) under 60% and 80% water-holding capacity (WHC). Application rates of N and NIs followed Guo et al. but were adjusted according to Pasda et al. comments. The measurements included periodic monitoring of soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentrations, as well as N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions. We compared 0.0125 M CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 M KCl extraction solutions to assess the effectiveness of NIs in regulating soil mineral N concentrations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The control treatments at the both 60% and 80% WHC exhibited highest N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions; however, emissions were higher at 80% WHC compared to 60%. NIs effectively reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions although the efficiency was slightly lower 80% WHC. Furthermore, NI treatments also retained higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N levels and suppressed NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation. KCl extractions consistently yielded higher amount of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N as compared to CaCl<sub>2</sub>.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The study proves that the dilution of ENTEC significantly affected Guo et al.’s results. In the current study, ENTEC effectively reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, performing similar to DMPP, DCD, and PIADIN. The high efficiency of these inhibitors remains consistent and in line with the earlier findings. Although the KCl extraction is more pr
在最近的一篇评论文章中，Pasda等人指出，由于实验工作的不恰当，我们之前的研究（Guo等人）的结果具有误导性。上述研究侧重于四种硝化抑制剂（NIs）在温度和湿度影响下减少一氧化二氮（N2O）排放的有效性。我们评估了Pasda等人提出的问题在多大程度上影响了Guo等人的研究结果。考虑的问题是：(1)缺乏对纯氮肥、商业配方和ni处理肥料的区分；(2)氮肥和NIs的施用量不合适；(3)土壤NH4+-N提取方法不合适。方法通过培养实验，评价双氰胺（DCD）、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸（DMPP）（纯NI）、ENTEC （DMPP处理过的肥料）和PIADIN（商业NI配方）在60%和80%持水量（WHC）条件下的效果。N和NIs的施用量参照Guo等人，但根据Pasda等人的评论进行了调整。测量包括定期监测土壤NH4+-N和NO3 -N浓度，以及N2O-N排放。我们比较了0.0125 M CaCl2和1 M KCl萃取溶液，以评估NIs对土壤矿质氮浓度的调节效果。结果60% WHC和80% WHC对照处理的N2O-N排放量最高；然而，80% WHC的排放量高于60% WHC的排放量。NIs有效地减少了N2O的排放，但效率略低于80% WHC。此外，NI处理还保留了较高的NH4+-N水平，抑制了NO3−-N的积累。与CaCl2相比，KCl萃取始终产生更高量的NH4+-N。结论本研究证明ENTEC的稀释对Guo等人的结果有显著影响。在目前的研究中，ENTEC有效地减少了N2O的排放，其效果与DMPP、DCD和PIADIN相似。这些抑制剂的高效率保持一致，并与早期的发现一致。虽然KCl的提取对于NH4+-N的测量更为精确，但CaCl2仍然可以检测NI效应，并且可能适合于具体的研究背景。
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引用次数: 0
Issue Information: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 6/2025 期刊信息：J. Plant nur。土壤科学，6/2025
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70041
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引用次数: 0
Cover Picture: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 6/2025 封面图片：J. Plant nur。土壤科学，6/2025
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70039

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引用次数: 0
Contents: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 7/2025 内容：J.植物营养。土壤科学，7/2025
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70040
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引用次数: 0
Nutrients, Metals, and Carbon in Soils Irrigated With Treated Versus Untreated Wastewater 经处理与未处理废水灌溉土壤中的养分、金属和碳
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70042
Benjamin J. Heyde, Kathia Lüneberg, Nicole Hahn, Melanie Braun, Jan Siemens, Christina Siebe

Background

Reuse of wastewater for irrigation can mitigate pressure on water resources and support closing nutrient cycles in an agriculture–sanitary economy but is associated with health and environmental risks, which can be mitigated by wastewater treatment.

Aim

This study investigates the effects of water treatment on soluble metals, nutrients, and organic carbon (Corg) in an incubation experiment with soils, long-term irrigated with untreated wastewater.

Methods

Leptosol, Phaeozem, and Vertisol topsoils were mixed with either wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent (unspiked or spiked with antibiotics and disinfectants) or WWTP effluent (unspiked or spiked).

Results

WWTP effluent contained less total Corg, N, and P than influent. Soil type significantly influenced almost all analyzed parameters, including soil pH and contents of water-extractable Corg, nutrients (N, P, and S), and metals, except for Na. Irrigation with WWTP effluent instead of influent reduced the availability of N and ortho-P in soils but increased soluble concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, and Ni.

Conclusion

This indicates that treatment of wastewater used for irrigation bears the risks of decreasing nutrient availability in soils and mobilization of metals, including previously accumulated trace metals. Further, considering soil properties is essential for assessing the effects of water treatment on soil nutrients, carbon, and metals.

背景：在农业卫生经济中，将废水用于灌溉可以减轻对水资源的压力，支持封闭的营养循环，但与健康和环境风险有关，可通过废水处理来减轻这些风险。目的研究了水处理对土壤中可溶性金属、营养物质和有机碳（Corg）的影响。方法将Leptosol、Phaeozem和Vertisol表土分别与污水处理厂（WWTP）进水（未加标或加标抗生素和消毒剂）或污水处理厂出水（未加标或加标）混合。结果污水处理出水总碳、氮、磷含量低于进水。土壤类型显著影响几乎所有分析参数，包括土壤pH值、可水溶碳含量、养分（N、P、S）和金属（Na除外）。用污水排放代替进水灌溉降低了土壤中N和正磷的有效性，但增加了Cr、Fe、Mn、Na和Ni的可溶性浓度。结论灌溉废水处理有降低土壤养分有效性和金属动员（包括先前积累的微量金属）的风险。此外，考虑土壤性质对于评估水处理对土壤养分、碳和金属的影响至关重要。
{"title":"Nutrients, Metals, and Carbon in Soils Irrigated With Treated Versus Untreated Wastewater","authors":"Benjamin J. Heyde,&nbsp;Kathia Lüneberg,&nbsp;Nicole Hahn,&nbsp;Melanie Braun,&nbsp;Jan Siemens,&nbsp;Christina Siebe","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reuse of wastewater for irrigation can mitigate pressure on water resources and support closing nutrient cycles in an agriculture–sanitary economy but is associated with health and environmental risks, which can be mitigated by wastewater treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effects of water treatment on soluble metals, nutrients, and organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>) in an incubation experiment with soils, long-term irrigated with untreated wastewater.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leptosol, Phaeozem, and Vertisol topsoils were mixed with either wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent (unspiked or spiked with antibiotics and disinfectants) or WWTP effluent (unspiked or spiked).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WWTP effluent contained less total C<sub>org</sub>, N, and P than influent. Soil type significantly influenced almost all analyzed parameters, including soil pH and contents of water-extractable C<sub>org</sub>, nutrients (N, P, and S), and metals, except for Na. Irrigation with WWTP effluent instead of influent reduced the availability of N and <i>ortho</i>-P in soils but increased soluble concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, and Ni.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This indicates that treatment of wastewater used for irrigation bears the risks of decreasing nutrient availability in soils and mobilization of metals, including previously accumulated trace metals. Further, considering soil properties is essential for assessing the effects of water treatment on soil nutrients, carbon, and metals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutrients, Metals, and Carbon in Soils Irrigated With Treated Versus Untreated Wastewater 经处理与未处理废水灌溉土壤中的养分、金属和碳
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70042
Benjamin J. Heyde, Kathia Lüneberg, Nicole Hahn, Melanie Braun, Jan Siemens, Christina Siebe

Background

Reuse of wastewater for irrigation can mitigate pressure on water resources and support closing nutrient cycles in an agriculture–sanitary economy but is associated with health and environmental risks, which can be mitigated by wastewater treatment.

Aim

This study investigates the effects of water treatment on soluble metals, nutrients, and organic carbon (Corg) in an incubation experiment with soils, long-term irrigated with untreated wastewater.

Methods

Leptosol, Phaeozem, and Vertisol topsoils were mixed with either wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent (unspiked or spiked with antibiotics and disinfectants) or WWTP effluent (unspiked or spiked).

Results

WWTP effluent contained less total Corg, N, and P than influent. Soil type significantly influenced almost all analyzed parameters, including soil pH and contents of water-extractable Corg, nutrients (N, P, and S), and metals, except for Na. Irrigation with WWTP effluent instead of influent reduced the availability of N and ortho-P in soils but increased soluble concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, and Ni.

Conclusion

This indicates that treatment of wastewater used for irrigation bears the risks of decreasing nutrient availability in soils and mobilization of metals, including previously accumulated trace metals. Further, considering soil properties is essential for assessing the effects of water treatment on soil nutrients, carbon, and metals.

背景：在农业卫生经济中，将废水用于灌溉可以减轻对水资源的压力，支持封闭的营养循环，但与健康和环境风险有关，可通过废水处理来减轻这些风险。目的研究了水处理对土壤中可溶性金属、营养物质和有机碳（Corg）的影响。方法将Leptosol、Phaeozem和Vertisol表土分别与污水处理厂（WWTP）进水（未加标或加标抗生素和消毒剂）或污水处理厂出水（未加标或加标）混合。结果污水处理出水总碳、氮、磷含量低于进水。土壤类型显著影响几乎所有分析参数，包括土壤pH值、可水溶碳含量、养分（N、P、S）和金属（Na除外）。用污水排放代替进水灌溉降低了土壤中N和正磷的有效性，但增加了Cr、Fe、Mn、Na和Ni的可溶性浓度。结论灌溉废水处理有降低土壤养分有效性和金属动员（包括先前积累的微量金属）的风险。此外，考虑土壤性质对于评估水处理对土壤养分、碳和金属的影响至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Goethite Contributes to Increased N2O Emissions From Autotrophic Nitrification in Paddy Soils 针铁矿增加了水稻土自养硝化过程中N2O的排放
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70036
Jichao Zuo, Qingling Fu, Hongqing Hu, Jun Zhu
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Iron (Fe) oxides play a crucial role in biogeochemical processes governing nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. However, the precise impacts of Fe oxides on various N<sub>2</sub>O production pathways remain inadequately understood.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>To elucidate how goethite influences the relative contributions of both principal biotic pathways, specifically autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, and denitrification, as well as abiotic processes, to N<sub>2</sub>O production.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Sterilization and inhibition experiments were carried out in acidic (pH 5.5) and alkaline paddy (pH 7.9) soils with/without goethite addition under N-fertilizer and non-N-fertilizer conditions. Low-concentration acetylene and high-pressure O<sub>2</sub> were used to distinguish biotic nitrification and denitrification pathways, whereas high-pressure steam sterilization differentiated biotic and abiotic N<sub>2</sub>O production.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>On the basis of the comparison of sterilized and unsterilized setups, we found that under the condition of 60% water-holding capacity (WHC), N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from the acidic and alkaline paddy soils were mainly from biological processes (>82%), whereas abiotic reactions made a minimal contribution. Nitrification (including autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification) produced 14.2–17.3 µg N kg<sup>−1</sup> in the acidic soils and 71.4–79.7 µg N kg<sup>−1</sup> in the alkaline soils, accounting for 48%–55% and 79%–84% of total emissions, respectively. Moreover, autotrophic nitrification contributed 78%–83% to N<sub>2</sub>O production in the alkaline soil, which was significantly higher than the 38%–47% in the acidic paddy soil. Denitrification also played a substantial role in the acidic paddy soil, contributing 29%–49% to N<sub>2</sub>O production. Goethite addition altered the contributions of these pathways. In the untreated soils, the contribution of non-denitrification pathways (such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification) to N<sub>2</sub>O production was 38% and 78% in the acidic and alkaline paddy soils, respectively. After supplementing with goethite, these contributions increased to 47% and 83%. Conversely, the contributions of denitrification to N<sub>2</sub>O production decreased from 49% to 20% in the untreated the acidic and alkaline paddy soils to 42% and 15% in the goethite-supplemented soils.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3>
铁（Fe）氧化物在控制一氧化二氮（N2O）排放的生物地球化学过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，铁氧化物对各种N2O生成途径的确切影响仍未充分了解。目的阐明针铁矿如何影响两种主要生物途径，特别是自养硝化、异养硝化和反硝化，以及非生物过程对N2O产生的相对贡献。方法在酸性（pH 5.5）和碱性水稻（pH 7.9）土壤中分别添加针铁矿和不添加针铁矿，分别在氮肥和非氮肥条件下进行杀菌和抑制试验。低浓度乙炔和高压O2用于区分生物硝化和反硝化途径，而高压蒸汽灭菌用于区分生物和非生物N2O的产生。结果在灭菌和未灭菌条件下，在持水能力为60%的条件下，酸性和碱性水稻土的N2O排放主要来自生物过程（82%），而非生物反应的贡献最小。硝化作用（包括自养硝化和异养硝化）在酸性土壤中产生14.2 ~ 17.3µg N kg - 1，在碱性土壤中产生71.4 ~ 79.7µg N kg - 1，分别占总排放量的48% ~ 55%和79% ~ 84%。碱性土壤自养硝化作用对N2O产量的贡献率为78% ~ 83%，显著高于酸性水稻土的38% ~ 47%。在酸性水稻土中，反硝化作用也发挥了重要作用，对N2O产量的贡献为29% ~ 49%。针铁矿的加入改变了这些通路的贡献。在未经处理的土壤中，非反硝化途径（如自养和异养硝化）对N2O生成的贡献在酸性和碱性水稻土中分别为38%和78%。在补充针铁矿后，这些贡献分别增加到47%和83%。相反，反硝化对N2O产量的贡献从未经处理的酸性和碱性水稻土的49% - 20%下降到添加针铁矿的42% - 15%。结论60% WHC下添加针铁矿主要通过促进自养硝化作用（尤其是在碱性水稻土中）提高N2O产量，而降低酸性土壤的反硝化作用。这些发现促进了我们对铁氧化物在土壤氮循环和N2O释放中的作用的理解，为减少农业生态系统中温室气体的排放提供了见解。
{"title":"Goethite Contributes to Increased N2O Emissions From Autotrophic Nitrification in Paddy Soils","authors":"Jichao Zuo,&nbsp;Qingling Fu,&nbsp;Hongqing Hu,&nbsp;Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Iron (Fe) oxides play a crucial role in biogeochemical processes governing nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) emissions. However, the precise impacts of Fe oxides on various N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production pathways remain inadequately understood.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To elucidate how goethite influences the relative contributions of both principal biotic pathways, specifically autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, and denitrification, as well as abiotic processes, to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sterilization and inhibition experiments were carried out in acidic (pH 5.5) and alkaline paddy (pH 7.9) soils with/without goethite addition under N-fertilizer and non-N-fertilizer conditions. Low-concentration acetylene and high-pressure O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were used to distinguish biotic nitrification and denitrification pathways, whereas high-pressure steam sterilization differentiated biotic and abiotic N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;On the basis of the comparison of sterilized and unsterilized setups, we found that under the condition of 60% water-holding capacity (WHC), N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from the acidic and alkaline paddy soils were mainly from biological processes (&gt;82%), whereas abiotic reactions made a minimal contribution. Nitrification (including autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification) produced 14.2–17.3 µg N kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the acidic soils and 71.4–79.7 µg N kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the alkaline soils, accounting for 48%–55% and 79%–84% of total emissions, respectively. Moreover, autotrophic nitrification contributed 78%–83% to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production in the alkaline soil, which was significantly higher than the 38%–47% in the acidic paddy soil. Denitrification also played a substantial role in the acidic paddy soil, contributing 29%–49% to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production. Goethite addition altered the contributions of these pathways. In the untreated soils, the contribution of non-denitrification pathways (such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification) to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production was 38% and 78% in the acidic and alkaline paddy soils, respectively. After supplementing with goethite, these contributions increased to 47% and 83%. Conversely, the contributions of denitrification to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production decreased from 49% to 20% in the untreated the acidic and alkaline paddy soils to 42% and 15% in the goethite-supplemented soils.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Goethite Contributes to Increased N2O Emissions From Autotrophic Nitrification in Paddy Soils 针铁矿增加了水稻土自养硝化过程中N2O的排放
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70036
Jichao Zuo, Qingling Fu, Hongqing Hu, Jun Zhu
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Iron (Fe) oxides play a crucial role in biogeochemical processes governing nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. However, the precise impacts of Fe oxides on various N<sub>2</sub>O production pathways remain inadequately understood.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>To elucidate how goethite influences the relative contributions of both principal biotic pathways, specifically autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, and denitrification, as well as abiotic processes, to N<sub>2</sub>O production.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Sterilization and inhibition experiments were carried out in acidic (pH 5.5) and alkaline paddy (pH 7.9) soils with/without goethite addition under N-fertilizer and non-N-fertilizer conditions. Low-concentration acetylene and high-pressure O<sub>2</sub> were used to distinguish biotic nitrification and denitrification pathways, whereas high-pressure steam sterilization differentiated biotic and abiotic N<sub>2</sub>O production.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>On the basis of the comparison of sterilized and unsterilized setups, we found that under the condition of 60% water-holding capacity (WHC), N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from the acidic and alkaline paddy soils were mainly from biological processes (>82%), whereas abiotic reactions made a minimal contribution. Nitrification (including autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification) produced 14.2–17.3 µg N kg<sup>−1</sup> in the acidic soils and 71.4–79.7 µg N kg<sup>−1</sup> in the alkaline soils, accounting for 48%–55% and 79%–84% of total emissions, respectively. Moreover, autotrophic nitrification contributed 78%–83% to N<sub>2</sub>O production in the alkaline soil, which was significantly higher than the 38%–47% in the acidic paddy soil. Denitrification also played a substantial role in the acidic paddy soil, contributing 29%–49% to N<sub>2</sub>O production. Goethite addition altered the contributions of these pathways. In the untreated soils, the contribution of non-denitrification pathways (such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification) to N<sub>2</sub>O production was 38% and 78% in the acidic and alkaline paddy soils, respectively. After supplementing with goethite, these contributions increased to 47% and 83%. Conversely, the contributions of denitrification to N<sub>2</sub>O production decreased from 49% to 20% in the untreated the acidic and alkaline paddy soils to 42% and 15% in the goethite-supplemented soils.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3>
铁（Fe）氧化物在控制一氧化二氮（N2O）排放的生物地球化学过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，铁氧化物对各种N2O生成途径的确切影响仍未充分了解。目的阐明针铁矿如何影响两种主要生物途径，特别是自养硝化、异养硝化和反硝化，以及非生物过程对N2O产生的相对贡献。方法在酸性（pH 5.5）和碱性水稻（pH 7.9）土壤中分别添加针铁矿和不添加针铁矿，分别在氮肥和非氮肥条件下进行杀菌和抑制试验。低浓度乙炔和高压O2用于区分生物硝化和反硝化途径，而高压蒸汽灭菌用于区分生物和非生物N2O的产生。结果在灭菌和未灭菌条件下，在持水能力为60%的条件下，酸性和碱性水稻土的N2O排放主要来自生物过程（82%），而非生物反应的贡献最小。硝化作用（包括自养硝化和异养硝化）在酸性土壤中产生14.2 ~ 17.3µg N kg - 1，在碱性土壤中产生71.4 ~ 79.7µg N kg - 1，分别占总排放量的48% ~ 55%和79% ~ 84%。碱性土壤自养硝化作用对N2O产量的贡献率为78% ~ 83%，显著高于酸性水稻土的38% ~ 47%。在酸性水稻土中，反硝化作用也发挥了重要作用，对N2O产量的贡献为29% ~ 49%。针铁矿的加入改变了这些通路的贡献。在未经处理的土壤中，非反硝化途径（如自养和异养硝化）对N2O生成的贡献在酸性和碱性水稻土中分别为38%和78%。在补充针铁矿后，这些贡献分别增加到47%和83%。相反，反硝化对N2O产量的贡献从未经处理的酸性和碱性水稻土的49% - 20%下降到添加针铁矿的42% - 15%。结论60% WHC下添加针铁矿主要通过促进自养硝化作用（尤其是在碱性水稻土中）提高N2O产量，而降低酸性土壤的反硝化作用。这些发现促进了我们对铁氧化物在土壤氮循环和N2O释放中的作用的理解，为减少农业生态系统中温室气体的排放提供了见解。
{"title":"Goethite Contributes to Increased N2O Emissions From Autotrophic Nitrification in Paddy Soils","authors":"Jichao Zuo,&nbsp;Qingling Fu,&nbsp;Hongqing Hu,&nbsp;Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.70036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Iron (Fe) oxides play a crucial role in biogeochemical processes governing nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) emissions. However, the precise impacts of Fe oxides on various N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production pathways remain inadequately understood.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To elucidate how goethite influences the relative contributions of both principal biotic pathways, specifically autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, and denitrification, as well as abiotic processes, to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sterilization and inhibition experiments were carried out in acidic (pH 5.5) and alkaline paddy (pH 7.9) soils with/without goethite addition under N-fertilizer and non-N-fertilizer conditions. Low-concentration acetylene and high-pressure O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were used to distinguish biotic nitrification and denitrification pathways, whereas high-pressure steam sterilization differentiated biotic and abiotic N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;On the basis of the comparison of sterilized and unsterilized setups, we found that under the condition of 60% water-holding capacity (WHC), N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions from the acidic and alkaline paddy soils were mainly from biological processes (&gt;82%), whereas abiotic reactions made a minimal contribution. Nitrification (including autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification) produced 14.2–17.3 µg N kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the acidic soils and 71.4–79.7 µg N kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the alkaline soils, accounting for 48%–55% and 79%–84% of total emissions, respectively. Moreover, autotrophic nitrification contributed 78%–83% to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production in the alkaline soil, which was significantly higher than the 38%–47% in the acidic paddy soil. Denitrification also played a substantial role in the acidic paddy soil, contributing 29%–49% to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production. Goethite addition altered the contributions of these pathways. In the untreated soils, the contribution of non-denitrification pathways (such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification) to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production was 38% and 78% in the acidic and alkaline paddy soils, respectively. After supplementing with goethite, these contributions increased to 47% and 83%. Conversely, the contributions of denitrification to N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O production decreased from 49% to 20% in the untreated the acidic and alkaline paddy soils to 42% and 15% in the goethite-supplemented soils.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a Model of Effective Thermal Conductivity in Soils by Power Averaging Partial Conductivities 用功率平均部分导电性评价土壤有效导热系数模型
IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.70037
Claus Florian Stange, Ulrich Dehner

Background

Soil thermal conductivity is a key factor for the soil heat balance and is widely used in many fields of soil science. However, it is necessary to measure thermal conductivity of soils that have different porosities and degrees of saturation.

Aims and Methods

In this study, a new approach based on the power mean is presented by calculating the effective thermal conductivity as the mean of the partial conductivities of soil components (typically of the solid, liquid, and gaseous phase). A function is proposed to describe the exponent p of the power mean exponent for all soil types.

Results

The model was evaluated using three extensive sets of measured data selected from the literature and was found to achieve comparable agreement with measured data to the best previous soil models. The study shows that the power mean approach is a suitable method for determining the effective conductivity of soils from the specific conductivities of their constituent phases. This approach can be used universally with all soil types, including organic soils.

Conclusion

The power mean approach is a valuable tool for studying and describing how soil structure influences effective thermal conductivity. Further research will demonstrate the applicability of this approach to investigating the anisotropy of thermal conductivity and its transferability to frozen soils. However, to increase the model accuracy, more knowledge about the specific thermal conductivity of the solid substances in the soil is required.

土壤导热系数是影响土壤热平衡的关键因素，在土壤科学的许多领域都有广泛的应用。然而，测量不同孔隙度和饱和度的土壤的导热系数是必要的。在本研究中，提出了一种基于功率平均值的新方法，将有效导热系数计算为土壤组分（通常是固体、液体和气相）部分导热系数的平均值。提出了一个函数来描述所有土壤类型的幂平均指数的指数p。结果使用从文献中选择的三组广泛的测量数据对模型进行了评估，发现与测量数据达到了与以前最好的土壤模型相当的一致性。研究表明，幂平均法是一种从组成相的比电导率来确定土壤有效电导率的合适方法。这种方法可以普遍应用于所有土壤类型，包括有机土壤。结论幂平均法是研究和描述土壤结构对有效导热系数影响的有效方法。进一步的研究将证明这种方法在研究导热系数各向异性及其对冻土的可转移性方面的适用性。然而，为了提高模型的准确性，需要更多关于土壤中固体物质的比热导率的知识。
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