Christine Alewell, Surya Gupta, Jerome Poulenard, Noémie Niquille, Antonia Kaiser, Nima Shokri, Simon Scheper, Miriam Gross-Schmölders, David A. Robinson, Grant Campbell, Cezary Kabala, Friederike Lang, Nancy Dise, Panos Panagos, Pasquale Borrelli
Background
Soil health degradation is a major threat to European food security, biodiversity, and climate stability. While scientists have debated how to define soil health during recent decades, a quantifiable framework for monitoring, management, and policy remains lacking.
Aim
We introduce SHERPA (Soil Health Evaluation, Rating Protocol, and Assessment) as a framework for discussion and present a first quantitative soil health assessment across Europe.
Methods
All major soil degradation processes (with the exception of organic contamination) were scored, averaged, and subtracted from the intrinsic soil health resulting in quantitative final scores.
Results
As reported before, cropland soils throughout Europe are highly degraded. Surprisingly, soil health of grasslands is also very negatively impacted. Soil erosion, nutrient surplus, and pesticide risk are largely driving poor soil health aligning with reported high biodiversity loss in agricultural land. Forest soils are also surprisingly low in health, mainly because of nitrogen surplus, reflecting documented widespread forest decline from nutrient imbalances. Interactive maps highlight specific threats to soil health across Europe, offering valuable insights for targeted action.
Conclusions
SHERPA is able to quantify soil health across Europe. However, at the current state of data availability, soil health is likely to be overestimated. Monitoring data of soil structure, compaction, pesticide spread and, in forest ecosystems, disturbance of humus layer are urgently needed for final assessment of soil health.
{"title":"A First Quantitative Assessment of Soil Health at European Scale Considering Soil Genesis","authors":"Christine Alewell, Surya Gupta, Jerome Poulenard, Noémie Niquille, Antonia Kaiser, Nima Shokri, Simon Scheper, Miriam Gross-Schmölders, David A. Robinson, Grant Campbell, Cezary Kabala, Friederike Lang, Nancy Dise, Panos Panagos, Pasquale Borrelli","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil health degradation is a major threat to European food security, biodiversity, and climate stability. While scientists have debated how to define soil health during recent decades, a quantifiable framework for monitoring, management, and policy remains lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce SHERPA (Soil Health Evaluation, Rating Protocol, and Assessment) as a framework for discussion and present a first quantitative soil health assessment across Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All major soil degradation processes (with the exception of organic contamination) were scored, averaged, and subtracted from the intrinsic soil health resulting in quantitative final scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As reported before, cropland soils throughout Europe are highly degraded. Surprisingly, soil health of grasslands is also very negatively impacted. Soil erosion, nutrient surplus, and pesticide risk are largely driving poor soil health aligning with reported high biodiversity loss in agricultural land. Forest soils are also surprisingly low in health, mainly because of nitrogen surplus, reflecting documented widespread forest decline from nutrient imbalances. Interactive maps highlight specific threats to soil health across Europe, offering valuable insights for targeted action.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SHERPA is able to quantify soil health across Europe. However, at the current state of data availability, soil health is likely to be overestimated. Monitoring data of soil structure, compaction, pesticide spread and, in forest ecosystems, disturbance of humus layer are urgently needed for final assessment of soil health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146130300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Leers, Ute Arnold, Hannes Herzel, Christian Adam, Jürgen Burkhardt
Background
P-fertilizers made from sewage sludge ash (SSA) may be suitable substitutes for rock phosphate (RP)-based fertilizers and contribute to sustainable use of waste. In this context, the thermochemical AshDec treatment of SSA (TC-SSA) has been continuously improved and has emerged as a possible method to produce plant-available and low-pollutant P-fertilizers.
Aim
Evaluation of the P-fertilizer efficacy of TC-SSA produced in pilot trials in vegetation experiments with different plants, soils, and fertilizer doses.
Methods
TC-SSA was tested in pot experiments for spring wheat and maize on different soils and at two doses (0.2 and 0.4 g fertilizer P pot−1) and is compared to untreated SSA (USSA), RP, Struvite, triple superphosphate (TSP), and a control without P-fertilization (Zero P). Pot experiments are complemented by an analysis of fertilizer P-solubility.
Results
P-solubility of SSA with different extraction methods increased due to the thermochemical treatment, whereas the water-insoluble property remained. In contrast to RP or USSA, TC-SSA enriched calcium–acetate–lactate extractable soil P to the same extent as TSP. Plant biomass and P-uptake increased with TC-SSA compared to Zero P, RP, and USSA and were in most cases equal to TSP fertilization under different soil conditions. In contrast, the effects of RP and USSA varied among soils but, mostly, did not exceed plant biomass and P-uptake of the unfertilized control.
Conclusion
TC-SSA has an increased fertilizer efficacy compared to USSA and is an effective P-fertilizer for spring wheat and maize in different soil conditions.
{"title":"Thermochemically Treated Sewage Sludge Ash From Pilot-Scale Production as P-Fertilizer for Spring Wheat and Maize in Different Soil Conditions","authors":"Kai Leers, Ute Arnold, Hannes Herzel, Christian Adam, Jürgen Burkhardt","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P-fertilizers made from sewage sludge ash (SSA) may be suitable substitutes for rock phosphate (RP)-based fertilizers and contribute to sustainable use of waste. In this context, the thermochemical AshDec treatment of SSA (TC-SSA) has been continuously improved and has emerged as a possible method to produce plant-available and low-pollutant P-fertilizers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation of the P-fertilizer efficacy of TC-SSA produced in pilot trials in vegetation experiments with different plants, soils, and fertilizer doses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TC-SSA was tested in pot experiments for spring wheat and maize on different soils and at two doses (0.2 and 0.4 g fertilizer P pot<sup>−1</sup>) and is compared to untreated SSA (USSA), RP, Struvite, triple superphosphate (TSP), and a control without P-fertilization (Zero P). Pot experiments are complemented by an analysis of fertilizer P-solubility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P-solubility of SSA with different extraction methods increased due to the thermochemical treatment, whereas the water-insoluble property remained. In contrast to RP or USSA, TC-SSA enriched calcium–acetate–lactate extractable soil P to the same extent as TSP. Plant biomass and P-uptake increased with TC-SSA compared to Zero P, RP, and USSA and were in most cases equal to TSP fertilization under different soil conditions. In contrast, the effects of RP and USSA varied among soils but, mostly, did not exceed plant biomass and P-uptake of the unfertilized control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TC-SSA has an increased fertilizer efficacy compared to USSA and is an effective P-fertilizer for spring wheat and maize in different soil conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Leers, Ute Arnold, Hannes Herzel, Christian Adam, Jürgen Burkhardt
Background
P-fertilizers made from sewage sludge ash (SSA) may be suitable substitutes for rock phosphate (RP)-based fertilizers and contribute to sustainable use of waste. In this context, the thermochemical AshDec treatment of SSA (TC-SSA) has been continuously improved and has emerged as a possible method to produce plant-available and low-pollutant P-fertilizers.
Aim
Evaluation of the P-fertilizer efficacy of TC-SSA produced in pilot trials in vegetation experiments with different plants, soils, and fertilizer doses.
Methods
TC-SSA was tested in pot experiments for spring wheat and maize on different soils and at two doses (0.2 and 0.4 g fertilizer P pot−1) and is compared to untreated SSA (USSA), RP, Struvite, triple superphosphate (TSP), and a control without P-fertilization (Zero P). Pot experiments are complemented by an analysis of fertilizer P-solubility.
Results
P-solubility of SSA with different extraction methods increased due to the thermochemical treatment, whereas the water-insoluble property remained. In contrast to RP or USSA, TC-SSA enriched calcium–acetate–lactate extractable soil P to the same extent as TSP. Plant biomass and P-uptake increased with TC-SSA compared to Zero P, RP, and USSA and were in most cases equal to TSP fertilization under different soil conditions. In contrast, the effects of RP and USSA varied among soils but, mostly, did not exceed plant biomass and P-uptake of the unfertilized control.
Conclusion
TC-SSA has an increased fertilizer efficacy compared to USSA and is an effective P-fertilizer for spring wheat and maize in different soil conditions.
{"title":"Thermochemically Treated Sewage Sludge Ash From Pilot-Scale Production as P-Fertilizer for Spring Wheat and Maize in Different Soil Conditions","authors":"Kai Leers, Ute Arnold, Hannes Herzel, Christian Adam, Jürgen Burkhardt","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P-fertilizers made from sewage sludge ash (SSA) may be suitable substitutes for rock phosphate (RP)-based fertilizers and contribute to sustainable use of waste. In this context, the thermochemical AshDec treatment of SSA (TC-SSA) has been continuously improved and has emerged as a possible method to produce plant-available and low-pollutant P-fertilizers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation of the P-fertilizer efficacy of TC-SSA produced in pilot trials in vegetation experiments with different plants, soils, and fertilizer doses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TC-SSA was tested in pot experiments for spring wheat and maize on different soils and at two doses (0.2 and 0.4 g fertilizer P pot<sup>−1</sup>) and is compared to untreated SSA (USSA), RP, Struvite, triple superphosphate (TSP), and a control without P-fertilization (Zero P). Pot experiments are complemented by an analysis of fertilizer P-solubility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P-solubility of SSA with different extraction methods increased due to the thermochemical treatment, whereas the water-insoluble property remained. In contrast to RP or USSA, TC-SSA enriched calcium–acetate–lactate extractable soil P to the same extent as TSP. Plant biomass and P-uptake increased with TC-SSA compared to Zero P, RP, and USSA and were in most cases equal to TSP fertilization under different soil conditions. In contrast, the effects of RP and USSA varied among soils but, mostly, did not exceed plant biomass and P-uptake of the unfertilized control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TC-SSA has an increased fertilizer efficacy compared to USSA and is an effective P-fertilizer for spring wheat and maize in different soil conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 5/2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital image analysis combined with deep learning offers powerful tools for detecting plant nutrient deficiency (ND), a critical challenge in precision agriculture.
Aims
This study aims to develop an ensemble transfer learning approach for ND detection in black pepper (BP) and evaluate its effectiveness for classification and yield-loss (YL) prediction.
Methods
An ensemble of MobileNetV2 and a custom-made shallow convolutional neural network was implemented, with U2Net-based background removal to improve feature extraction. The model was validated on the BP Dataset (DS)—BPNutriDef03 (4469 images)—and tested on a rice DS (4399 images). The framework included (1) ND classification using leaf imagery analysis and (2) YL forecasting based on nutrient deficiency severity (NDS).
Results
The ensemble achieved classification accuracies of 99.22% for BP and 95.14% for rice. The yield prediction based on the NDS model estimated the YL of 27.83% for BP and 33.42% for rice.
Conclusions
The proposed approach demonstrates robust performance and generalizability, offering a scalable, automated decision-support system for ND monitoring and yield prediction in precision crop management.
{"title":"Nutrient Deficiency Detection and Yield Loss Prediction in Black Pepper Using U2Net and Ensemble of Shallow CNN and MobileNetV2","authors":"Ratheesh Raju, T M Thasleema","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 <p>Digital image analysis combined with deep learning offers powerful tools for detecting plant nutrient deficiency (ND), a critical challenge in precision agriculture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 <p>This study aims to develop an ensemble transfer learning approach for ND detection in black pepper (BP) and evaluate its effectiveness for classification and yield-loss (YL) prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 <p>An ensemble of MobileNetV2 and a custom-made shallow convolutional neural network was implemented, with U2Net-based background removal to improve feature extraction. The model was validated on the BP Dataset (DS)—BPNutriDef03 (4469 images)—and tested on a rice DS (4399 images). The framework included (1) ND classification using leaf imagery analysis and (2) YL forecasting based on nutrient deficiency severity (NDS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 <p>The ensemble achieved classification accuracies of 99.22% for BP and 95.14% for rice. The yield prediction based on the NDS model estimated the YL of 27.83% for BP and 33.42% for rice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 <p>The proposed approach demonstrates robust performance and generalizability, offering a scalable, automated decision-support system for ND monitoring and yield prediction in precision crop management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The idea for this special issue originated during a 2-day workshop organized by the ‘Commission VII: Soil Minerals’ of the German Soil Science Society, held in Giessen in July 2017. Without the backing of a major research project or other external funding, this issue came to life purely from our shared enthusiasm for soil minerals—and perhaps also due to the exceptionally hot weather, which may have made us immune to any reasonable doubts about pursuing the project. And here we are as follows:</p><p>Soil scientists are among those studying the most complex ecosystems on earth. As natural bodies, soils on average typically consist of approximately 50% mineral matter by volume, or 95% on a weight basis. The mineralogical characteristics of soils on the one hand may reflect both the parent material as well as soil-forming processes (see example, Figure 1) and on the other hand offer the surfaces and interfaces for numerous reactions and interactions with their chemical and biological environment (see example, Figure 2). Soil chemical properties depend upon soil mineralogy to a large extent, but the complex interactions with organic matter and impacts on soil (micro-)biological properties are no less important and being realized in recent decades. Current scientific focus lies on soil minerals in the context of mineral-associated organic matter and the stabilization of organic carbon. When searching for the topic ‘soil minerals’ in the Web of Sciences, 8 out of 10 (Chen et al. <span>2021</span>; Feng et al. <span>2022</span>; Garcia-Palacios et al. <span>2024</span>; Georgiou et al. <span>2022, 2024</span>; Han et al. <span>2016</span>; See et al. <span>2022</span>; Zhu et al. <span>2024</span>) scientific publications actually deal with the stabilization of organic carbon by minerals—but only rarely is actual soil mineralogical composition addressed. Based on the example of a large topic such as carbon stabilization in soils, there is a compelling case for detailed mineralogical characterization in soils than the current practice—as it does matter which minerals are present (Bramble et al. <span>2025</span>; Jones and Singh <span>2014</span>; Kaiser and Guggenberger <span>2000</span>; Konrad et al. 2025; Yeasmin et al. <span>2014</span>).</p><p>Soil mineralogy is as diverse as the soil processes, and both of these are intricately related. In particular, phyllosilicates, hydrous metal oxides and short-range ordered phases not only govern organic matter storage in soil environments but also control the cycling of many pollutants and nutrients and strongly influence soil microstructure.</p><p>Despite their importance for soil functioning, the identification and quantification of minerals in the soil clay fraction remain a challenge owing to their small size and complex, defective and variable structures. The precise and reproducible analysis and description of soil minerals therefore remains a challenge even today.</p><p>Classical books on analytica
本期特刊的想法源于2017年7月在吉森举行的为期两天的研讨会，该研讨会由德国土壤科学学会“委员会VII：土壤矿物质”组织。在没有重大研究项目或其他外部资金支持的情况下，这个问题纯粹是出于我们对土壤矿物质的共同热情，也可能是由于异常炎热的天气，这可能使我们对从事这个项目的任何合理怀疑都免疫。土壤科学家是研究地球上最复杂的生态系统的人之一。作为天然体，土壤一般由大约50%的体积矿物质组成，或95%的重量矿物质组成。土壤的矿物学特征一方面可以反映母质和土壤形成过程（见示例，图1），另一方面为与其化学和生物环境的许多反应和相互作用提供了表面和界面（见示例，图2）。土壤化学性质在很大程度上取决于土壤矿物学，但其与有机质的复杂相互作用及其对土壤（微）生物特性的影响也同样重要，并在近几十年得到了认识。目前的科学重点是在矿物伴生有机质和有机碳稳定的背景下研究土壤矿物质。在Web of Sciences中搜索“土壤矿物质”主题时，10篇科学出版物中有8篇（Chen et al. 2021; Feng et al. 2022; Garcia-Palacios et al. 2024; Georgiou et al. 2022, 2024; Han et al. 2016; See et al. 2022; Zhu et al. 2024）实际上涉及矿物对有机碳的稳定作用，但很少涉及实际的土壤矿物组成。基于诸如土壤中的碳稳定等大型主题的例子，与目前的做法相比，有一个令人信服的案例，可以对土壤进行详细的矿矿学表征，因为它与存在哪些矿物质有关（Bramble等人，2025；Jones和Singh, 2014； Kaiser和Guggenberger, 2000； Konrad等人，2025；Yeasmin等人，2014）。土壤矿物学和土壤过程一样多样，两者之间有着错综复杂的联系。特别是层状硅酸盐、含水金属氧化物和短程有序相不仅控制着土壤环境中有机质的储存，还控制着许多污染物和养分的循环，对土壤微观结构产生强烈影响。尽管它们对土壤功能具有重要意义，但由于其体积小、结构复杂、有缺陷和多变，土壤黏性组分中的矿物质的鉴定和定量仍然是一个挑战。因此，即使在今天，对土壤矿物质的精确和可重复的分析和描述仍然是一个挑战。关于矿物及其与土壤环境有关的特性的分析方法的经典书籍包括SSSA丛书：5关于土壤矿物学分析（Klute 1986； Ulery和Drees 2015），以及一些关于土壤矿物学和化学的教科书，这些教科书也提供了土壤矿物分析方法方面的细节（例如，Dixon和Schulze 2002）。康奈尔和施韦特曼合著的《氧化铁：结构、性质、反应、发生和用途》（2003年）和施韦特曼和康奈尔合著的《实验室中的氧化铁》（2000年）是研究氧化铁（水合）的最全面的资料来源，而对层状硅酸盐感兴趣的人可能需要参考《粘土科学手册》（Bergaya和Lagaly 2013年）中介绍的方法。从这个综合矿物学方法的简短概述，很明显，土壤矿物是一个跨学科的主题。虽然该领域在不断发展，土壤矿物分析的最新发展的集合是相当稀少的。本期特刊汇集了一组八篇论文，这些论文共同推进了土壤科学中矿物分析的现状，涵盖了方法创新、批判性评估和跨学科应用。这些贡献说明了长期存在的分析挑战和解决这些挑战的新工具的出现。特刊中的论文范围从带有详细解释和说明的动手方法（Dietel等人，2025；Thompson等人，2025），带有详细方法描述的实际示例（Braun等人，2025；Gustafsson等人，2025），带有方法讨论的案例研究，包括对经典方法的关键评估(Gustafsson等人，2025；Prietzel等人，2025；Rennert等人，2024；Villalba-Ayala et al. 2025)和跨学科方法在土壤科学中的应用（Böhm et al. 2017）。几篇论文改进或扩展了现代土壤矿物学的核心光谱和衍射方法。Villalba-Ayala等人。 （2025）将密度分选与Ca-K-edge XANES （x射线吸收近边结构光谱，也简称NEXAFS）相结合，展示了母质如何控制森林土壤中som -矿物质的结合，强调了钙在有机碳稳定中的关键作用。同样，Prietzel等人（2024）应用磷酸钾边XANES揭示了铁氧氢氧化物和饱和铝蒙脱土之间磷的ph依赖分配，为酸性土壤中矿物特异性磷吸附途径提供了直接证据。Dietel等人（2025）开发了层间伊利石-羟基-层间蒙脱石的无序结构模型，同样与酸性土壤环境相关，并通过x射线衍射（XRD）数据的Rietveld细化进行了验证。这种羟基层间酸性风化环境发生在Al3+插入蒙脱石层时，改变了土壤肥力和阳离子交换能力，作者为土壤中羟基层间矿物的量化提供了可靠的模型。Thompson等人（2025）为土壤和沉积物中的Mössbauer光谱提供了全面的审查和实践指南。作者还提供了用于样本准备和拟合的决策树。特别注意区分Fe(II)/Fe（III）和短程有序，Fe- s和磁性Fe（II）相，并为光谱解释提供实用建议。其他贡献批判性地重新评估湿化学和操作分馏技术。作者还提供了用于样本准备和拟合的决策树。Gustaffson（2025）比较了三种用于酸性森林土壤的交换碱阳离子的常用方法，强调了系统偏差，并提供了传递函数来协调bacl2提取的Ca2+和从乙酸铵（pH 7）方法中提取的Mg2+之间的数据集。Rennert等人（2024）回顾了广泛使用的草酸二硫代盐/草酸暗（AOD）和焦磷酸盐（PYR）萃取有机结合中Fe和al相的缺陷，并对后者和过度解释提出了警告。他们的关键方法评估也为改进提取程序提供了指导方针。Braun等人（2025）提出了一个重要的方法学警告，表明储存和提取过程显著改变了胶体结合营养物质的数量和组成，强调了标准化样品处理的重要性。最后，这个问题包括矿物分析到污染物动力学的跨学科扩展。Böhm（2024）介绍了一种小型吸附实验，结合固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析来量化粘土矿物和疏水性有机化合物之间的相互作用，揭示了矿物吸附的重要性可以与有机物相匹敌。重要的是，这些作者发现，吸附变化了两个数量级，并受到21种不同富蒙脱石膨润土的层电荷密度和阳离子交换容量的影响，强调了深入了解矿物学性质的必要性。本特刊中对土壤矿物分析领域的更全面概述和研究分配在板块1中提供，旨在作为工具箱使用，旨在帮助您确定适合土壤矿物研究问题的方法（图3）。总而言之，本期特刊的贡献说明了当今土壤矿物质分析的广度-连接营养物质和污染物，经典化学和先进的基于同步加速器的光谱学，并加强了方法精度的重要性。这一收集为未来土壤中矿物-有机-污染物相互作用的研究奠定了基准。我们衷心感谢所有的作者和审稿人，他们的辛勤工作使本期特刊成为可能。他们的贡献使这次努力成为一次真正有益的经历。但愿这期特刊能鼓励大家关注土壤矿物质表征方面的方法学进展，或者保持最新进展。土壤矿物质是活性的、无序的，通常是纳米颗粒的，毫无疑问是迷人的。它们非常值得继续和扩大科学关注。
{"title":"Methods in Soil Mineral Analysis—A Toolbox and Updates","authors":"Ines Mulder, Karin Eusterhues, Balwant Singh","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The idea for this special issue originated during a 2-day workshop organized by the ‘Commission VII: Soil Minerals’ of the German Soil Science Society, held in Giessen in July 2017. Without the backing of a major research project or other external funding, this issue came to life purely from our shared enthusiasm for soil minerals—and perhaps also due to the exceptionally hot weather, which may have made us immune to any reasonable doubts about pursuing the project. And here we are as follows:</p><p>Soil scientists are among those studying the most complex ecosystems on earth. As natural bodies, soils on average typically consist of approximately 50% mineral matter by volume, or 95% on a weight basis. The mineralogical characteristics of soils on the one hand may reflect both the parent material as well as soil-forming processes (see example, Figure 1) and on the other hand offer the surfaces and interfaces for numerous reactions and interactions with their chemical and biological environment (see example, Figure 2). Soil chemical properties depend upon soil mineralogy to a large extent, but the complex interactions with organic matter and impacts on soil (micro-)biological properties are no less important and being realized in recent decades. Current scientific focus lies on soil minerals in the context of mineral-associated organic matter and the stabilization of organic carbon. When searching for the topic ‘soil minerals’ in the Web of Sciences, 8 out of 10 (Chen et al. <span>2021</span>; Feng et al. <span>2022</span>; Garcia-Palacios et al. <span>2024</span>; Georgiou et al. <span>2022, 2024</span>; Han et al. <span>2016</span>; See et al. <span>2022</span>; Zhu et al. <span>2024</span>) scientific publications actually deal with the stabilization of organic carbon by minerals—but only rarely is actual soil mineralogical composition addressed. Based on the example of a large topic such as carbon stabilization in soils, there is a compelling case for detailed mineralogical characterization in soils than the current practice—as it does matter which minerals are present (Bramble et al. <span>2025</span>; Jones and Singh <span>2014</span>; Kaiser and Guggenberger <span>2000</span>; Konrad et al. 2025; Yeasmin et al. <span>2014</span>).</p><p>Soil mineralogy is as diverse as the soil processes, and both of these are intricately related. In particular, phyllosilicates, hydrous metal oxides and short-range ordered phases not only govern organic matter storage in soil environments but also control the cycling of many pollutants and nutrients and strongly influence soil microstructure.</p><p>Despite their importance for soil functioning, the identification and quantification of minerals in the soil clay fraction remain a challenge owing to their small size and complex, defective and variable structures. The precise and reproducible analysis and description of soil minerals therefore remains a challenge even today.</p><p>Classical books on analytica","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"188 5","pages":"725-729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manisha Koirala, Yang Ding, Osman Mustafa, Lichao Fan, Tianpeng Li, Nataliya Bilyera, Callum C. Banfield, Michaela A. Dippold
Background and aims
Soil microbes adapt to varying nutrient inputs by modifying their utilization strategies, with root exudates and animal urine serving as key carbon (C) and nutrient sources in grasslands. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms by which cow urine and root exudates influence microbial community and resource utilization remain elusive. This study investigates the differential effects of cow urine on microbial biomass, community composition and enzymatic activity in C-rich (rooted) and C-poor (vegetation-free) soil.
Methods
A laboratory experiment was conducted using synthetic cow urine applied to a Vertic Cambisol soil, either densely rooted with Dactylis glomerata (C-rich) or vegetation-free (C-poor). Destructive sampling occurred on days 1, 4 and 14. Microbial biomass (MBC, MBN and MBP), phospholipid fatty acids, DNA and enzymatic activities (acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase) were analysed to assess microbial responses.
Results
DNA content was twice as high in C-rich rooted as in C-poor bulk soil. In C-poor soil, urine strongly reduced DNA-to-MBC (−166%, day 14) and MBP-to-MBC (−23%, day 14), while increased MBN-to-MBC (+23% day 14). After 14 days of urine addition, phosphatase-to-β-glucosidase ratios increased from 0.76 to 1.1 in C-rich but declined in C-poor soil. In C-poor bulk soil, urine shaped the microbial community, whereas in C-rich soil, root exudates dominated. Abundance of bacterial fatty acids increased from 2% to 22% over 14 days.
Conclusions
In C-rich soil, urine stimulated microbial growth through C and nutrients availability from both roots and urine, thereby shifting enzymatic activity towards P mining. In contrast, microbial communities in C-poor soil exhibited restrained growth and stable stoichiometric ratios, adapting to low nutrient supply. These findings highlight that microbial responses to urine input varied between rooted and bulk soil, emphasizing their relevance in soil microbial ecology.
{"title":"The Effect of Synthetic Cow Urine on Microorganisms and Their Potential Phosphorus Mining Activity in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil","authors":"Manisha Koirala, Yang Ding, Osman Mustafa, Lichao Fan, Tianpeng Li, Nataliya Bilyera, Callum C. Banfield, Michaela A. Dippold","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil microbes adapt to varying nutrient inputs by modifying their utilization strategies, with root exudates and animal urine serving as key carbon (C) and nutrient sources in grasslands. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms by which cow urine and root exudates influence microbial community and resource utilization remain elusive. This study investigates the differential effects of cow urine on microbial biomass, community composition and enzymatic activity in C-rich (rooted) and C-poor (vegetation-free) soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A laboratory experiment was conducted using synthetic cow urine applied to a Vertic Cambisol soil, either densely rooted with <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> (C-rich) or vegetation-free (C-poor). Destructive sampling occurred on days 1, 4 and 14. Microbial biomass (MBC, MBN and MBP), phospholipid fatty acids, DNA and enzymatic activities (acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase) were analysed to assess microbial responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA content was twice as high in C-rich rooted as in C-poor bulk soil. In C-poor soil, urine strongly reduced DNA-to-MBC (−166%, day 14) and MBP-to-MBC (−23%, day 14), while increased MBN-to-MBC (+23% day 14). After 14 days of urine addition, phosphatase-to-β-glucosidase ratios increased from 0.76 to 1.1 in C-rich but declined in C-poor soil. In C-poor bulk soil, urine shaped the microbial community, whereas in C-rich soil, root exudates dominated. Abundance of bacterial fatty acids increased from 2% to 22% over 14 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In C-rich soil, urine stimulated microbial growth through C and nutrients availability from both roots and urine, thereby shifting enzymatic activity towards P mining. In contrast, microbial communities in C-poor soil exhibited restrained growth and stable stoichiometric ratios, adapting to low nutrient supply. These findings highlight that microbial responses to urine input varied between rooted and bulk soil, emphasizing their relevance in soil microbial ecology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jens Torsten Mackens, Sebastian Neumann, Britta Pitann, Thorsten Reinsch, Karl Hermann Mühling
Background
Efficient application of organic fertilizers contributes to resource-efficient agriculture. Acidification of liquid manure effectively reduces ammonia (NH3) emissions. However, the effect of acidification on other plant nutrients, such as Mn, often a yield-limiting nutrient in cereal production, is not well understood.
Aims
This study aimed to investigate the effect of fertilization with acidified biogas residues (ABGR) on yield, Mn concentration, and Mn uptake from winter wheat.
Methods
A fully randomized field trial with winter wheat was established on a sandy/loam soil in northern Germany in 2016 and 2017, with sowing each September and harvest in the following year. Fertilizer treatments of untreated biogas residues (UBGR) and ABGR, respectively, were applied on NH4+-N basis. The effects of UBGR application at three NH4+ fertilization levels were compared with each other and with three corresponding ABGR fertilization levels. Yield, Mn concentration, and Mn uptake were determined at the early milk stage during intermediate sampling and again at final harvest before the early dough stage.
Results
Fertilizing with ABGR increased yield and Mn uptake at early dough stage under low fertilizer rates in both years. However, grain yield was significantly increased by ABGR application in the first year only. Significant increases in Mn concentrations were observed at the two higher fertilizer levels as a result of ABGR application.
Conclusions
Fertilizing with ABGR has the potential to improve Mn uptake by cereals. This yield-limiting factor could therefore be minimized by acidification, especially in years with low rainfall, when Mn deficiency is frequently observed.
{"title":"Acidification of Biogas Residues Stimulates Manganese Uptake in Wheat","authors":"Jens Torsten Mackens, Sebastian Neumann, Britta Pitann, Thorsten Reinsch, Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1002/jpln.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efficient application of organic fertilizers contributes to resource-efficient agriculture. Acidification of liquid manure effectively reduces ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions. However, the effect of acidification on other plant nutrients, such as Mn, often a yield-limiting nutrient in cereal production, is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of fertilization with acidified biogas residues (ABGR) on yield, Mn concentration, and Mn uptake from winter wheat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A fully randomized field trial with winter wheat was established on a sandy/loam soil in northern Germany in 2016 and 2017, with sowing each September and harvest in the following year. Fertilizer treatments of untreated biogas residues (UBGR) and ABGR, respectively, were applied on NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N basis. The effects of UBGR application at three NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> fertilization levels were compared with each other and with three corresponding ABGR fertilization levels. Yield, Mn concentration, and Mn uptake were determined at the early milk stage during intermediate sampling and again at final harvest before the early dough stage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fertilizing with ABGR increased yield and Mn uptake at early dough stage under low fertilizer rates in both years. However, grain yield was significantly increased by ABGR application in the first year only. Significant increases in Mn concentrations were observed at the two higher fertilizer levels as a result of ABGR application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fertilizing with ABGR has the potential to improve Mn uptake by cereals. This yield-limiting factor could therefore be minimized by acidification, especially in years with low rainfall, when Mn deficiency is frequently observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"189 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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