Mst. Marium Begum, Minhazur Rahman, R. Swarna, Munny Das, A. Imon, I. Jahan, M. M. Rahman, M. E. Haque, R. R. Saha, A.H.M. Quamruzzam, Md A. Obaida, M. Maniruzzam, A. Islam, M. Islam, A. Sarker
{"title":"Antidiabetic Agent in Combination with Simvastatin Reduces Blood Glucose and Elevated Liver Enzymes Level in Diabetic Rats for Extended Period of Time","authors":"Mst. Marium Begum, Minhazur Rahman, R. Swarna, Munny Das, A. Imon, I. Jahan, M. M. Rahman, M. E. Haque, R. R. Saha, A.H.M. Quamruzzam, Md A. Obaida, M. Maniruzzam, A. Islam, M. Islam, A. Sarker","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2016.20.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2016.20.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"11 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84946856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Willis, J. Boateng, K. Busambwa, L. Shackelfor, M. Verghese
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Bitter Melon and Blueberry Leaf Teas on Endogenous Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes","authors":"S. Willis, J. Boateng, K. Busambwa, L. Shackelfor, M. Verghese","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2016.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2016.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79915627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscular Sulphadimidine in Non-starved and Starved Grower Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)","authors":"Agbo Joseph Odeh, S. Saganuwan, O. Azubuike","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2016.11.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2016.11.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"4 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82458691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Busambwa, M. Verghse, R. M. Cebert, L. Dalrymple, J. Allen, J. Boateng, L. Shackelfor, L. Walker
Lentils, green and yellow split-peas have been reported to provide health benefits against colon cancer due to the amount of nutrients and non-nutrient phytochemical compounds present. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the chemopreventive potential of sprouted and non-sprouted lentils (LS, LNS), green (GS, GNS) and yellow split-peas (YS, YNS) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. Following a 1 week acclimatization period, 42 Fisher-344 male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 6). Five groups were fed treatment diets consisting of the selected legumes (Sprouted and non-sprouted), while the control group (C) was fed AIN-93 growth and maintenance of diet. Colon tumors were induced by administration of AOM at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Rats were killed by CO 2 asphyxiation at age 46 weeks. Results showed lower tumor incidence in treatment groups at 66.7% in GS compared to 100% in LNS and the control. Rats fed control diet had higher Tumors/Tumor Bearing Rat (TBR) ratio (4.33) compared to those in treatment groups (1.2-2). Cecal pH was significantly higher in control (7.81) compared to the treatment diets. Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity was significantly higher in sprouted legumes (8.55-14.04 μM minG 1 mLG 1 ) compared to non-sprouted legumes (4.53-5.67 μM minG 1 mLG 1 ). Glutathione concentration (GSH) ranged from a low of 636.34 μM in rats fed GNS to a high of 791.07 μM in rats fed YNS. Selected legumes were effective in reducing incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors in Fisher-344 male rats (2.1-4.3 times) and may be promoted for consumption as part of healthy eating habits to prevent chronic diseases such as cancer.
{"title":"Lentils, Green and Yellow Split-Peas (Sprouted and Non-Sprouted) on Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis","authors":"K. Busambwa, M. Verghse, R. M. Cebert, L. Dalrymple, J. Allen, J. Boateng, L. Shackelfor, L. Walker","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.36.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.36.48","url":null,"abstract":"Lentils, green and yellow split-peas have been reported to provide health benefits against colon cancer due to the amount of nutrients and non-nutrient phytochemical compounds present. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the chemopreventive potential of sprouted and non-sprouted lentils (LS, LNS), green (GS, GNS) and yellow split-peas (YS, YNS) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. Following a 1 week acclimatization period, 42 Fisher-344 male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 6). Five groups were fed treatment diets consisting of the selected legumes (Sprouted and non-sprouted), while the control group (C) was fed AIN-93 growth and maintenance of diet. Colon tumors were induced by administration of AOM at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Rats were killed by CO 2 asphyxiation at age 46 weeks. Results showed lower tumor incidence in treatment groups at 66.7% in GS compared to 100% in LNS and the control. Rats fed control diet had higher Tumors/Tumor Bearing Rat (TBR) ratio (4.33) compared to those in treatment groups (1.2-2). Cecal pH was significantly higher in control (7.81) compared to the treatment diets. Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity was significantly higher in sprouted legumes (8.55-14.04 μM minG 1 mLG 1 ) compared to non-sprouted legumes (4.53-5.67 μM minG 1 mLG 1 ). Glutathione concentration (GSH) ranged from a low of 636.34 μM in rats fed GNS to a high of 791.07 μM in rats fed YNS. Selected legumes were effective in reducing incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors in Fisher-344 male rats (2.1-4.3 times) and may be promoted for consumption as part of healthy eating habits to prevent chronic diseases such as cancer.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"413 1","pages":"36-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76096555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. I. Aziba, P. Vanhoutte, Charlotte M. Detremmeri, O. Baretella
{"title":"Comparative in vitro Studies on Isolated Smooth Muscles Contractions from Different Anatomical Sites of the Same Animal under Same Experimental Conditions","authors":"P. I. Aziba, P. Vanhoutte, Charlotte M. Detremmeri, O. Baretella","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.71.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.71.78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89964031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressant used for the management of transplant rejection as well as the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Despite its effectiveness, nephrotoxicity still a main complication of CsA treatment. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ) and/or selenium (Se) against CsA nephrotoxicity in rats. CsA (25 mg kgG, po) was administered to rats for 21 days while TQ (10 mg kgG, po) and/or Se (0.2 mg kgG, po) were given for 7 days before CsA and continued through the 21 days of CsA administration. CsA nephrotoxicity was evidenced by marked elevation in the level of urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum. The levels of total protein and albumin were decreased. Significant increase in renal lipid peroxidation along with decreased levels of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were also major features for CsA nephrotoxicity. Supplementation with TQ or Se to CsA-intoxicated animals improved the functioning of the kidney and restored its oxidative/antioxidative homeostasis. Furthermore, a combination therapy of both was more effective in mitigating the above mentioned disturbances than each monotherapy. In conclusion, joint supplementation with TQ and Se may be a new approach for management of renal complications associated with clinical use of CsA.
{"title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Thymoquinone and Selenium Against Cyclosporine A Nephrotoxicity in Rats","authors":"Wessam Mohamad Abdel-Waha","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.60.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.60.70","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressant used for the management of transplant rejection as well as the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Despite its effectiveness, nephrotoxicity still a main complication of CsA treatment. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ) and/or selenium (Se) against CsA nephrotoxicity in rats. CsA (25 mg kgG, po) was administered to rats for 21 days while TQ (10 mg kgG, po) and/or Se (0.2 mg kgG, po) were given for 7 days before CsA and continued through the 21 days of CsA administration. CsA nephrotoxicity was evidenced by marked elevation in the level of urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum. The levels of total protein and albumin were decreased. Significant increase in renal lipid peroxidation along with decreased levels of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were also major features for CsA nephrotoxicity. Supplementation with TQ or Se to CsA-intoxicated animals improved the functioning of the kidney and restored its oxidative/antioxidative homeostasis. Furthermore, a combination therapy of both was more effective in mitigating the above mentioned disturbances than each monotherapy. In conclusion, joint supplementation with TQ and Se may be a new approach for management of renal complications associated with clinical use of CsA.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"108 1","pages":"60-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88954457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. F. Abdou, M. Aldosari, I. M. Rayes, S. A. Badahdah
{"title":"Screening for Abused Drugs in Donated Blood","authors":"S. F. Abdou, M. Aldosari, I. M. Rayes, S. A. Badahdah","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.79.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.79.84","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"65 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80015223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii), native to South Asian countries are commonly used as a food flavoring agent and known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. The objectives of this study were to investigate the anticancer and toxic effects of Curry Leaf Extracts (CLE) in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells and to assess the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of CLE. The Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma (ATCC HTB-37) cells and Hep2G human liver cells (ATCC HB-8065) and were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). For assay, 5×10cells/well were seeded in a 24 well culture plate and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 until development of a monolayer. Cells were incubated with aqueous CLE at selected concentrations (0.2-0.8 μg mLG) for 12 and 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, histone-related DNA fragmentation and detoxification enzymes were determined. Phytochemical content and antioxidative activities of the extract were determined using in vitro methods. After 24 h, LDH release was highest in Caco-2 cells treated at 0.8 μg mLG (45.83 μg mLG). The LDH of HepG2 cells peaked at 15.74% (12 h-0.8 μg mLG), inferring low acute cytotoxicity. The GST activity in Caco-2 cells increased with increasing concentration of CLE, however, SOD activity decreased. Histone-related DNA fragmentation was highest in cells treated with 0.4 μg mLG for both cell lines. Total phenolics and flavonoids of methanolic CLE were 541.11±12.41 GAE/100 g CLE and 192.22±2.75 CE/100 g CLE. The results from this study indicate that curry leaf may be effective in colon cancer prevention while causing minimal toxic effects to liver cells.
{"title":"Anticancer and Toxic Effects of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) Extracts","authors":"J. Patterson, M. Verghese","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.49.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.49.59","url":null,"abstract":"Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii), native to South Asian countries are commonly used as a food flavoring agent and known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. The objectives of this study were to investigate the anticancer and toxic effects of Curry Leaf Extracts (CLE) in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells and to assess the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of CLE. The Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma (ATCC HTB-37) cells and Hep2G human liver cells (ATCC HB-8065) and were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). For assay, 5×10cells/well were seeded in a 24 well culture plate and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 until development of a monolayer. Cells were incubated with aqueous CLE at selected concentrations (0.2-0.8 μg mLG) for 12 and 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, histone-related DNA fragmentation and detoxification enzymes were determined. Phytochemical content and antioxidative activities of the extract were determined using in vitro methods. After 24 h, LDH release was highest in Caco-2 cells treated at 0.8 μg mLG (45.83 μg mLG). The LDH of HepG2 cells peaked at 15.74% (12 h-0.8 μg mLG), inferring low acute cytotoxicity. The GST activity in Caco-2 cells increased with increasing concentration of CLE, however, SOD activity decreased. Histone-related DNA fragmentation was highest in cells treated with 0.4 μg mLG for both cell lines. Total phenolics and flavonoids of methanolic CLE were 541.11±12.41 GAE/100 g CLE and 192.22±2.75 CE/100 g CLE. The results from this study indicate that curry leaf may be effective in colon cancer prevention while causing minimal toxic effects to liver cells.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Patterson, S. Ogutu, S. Willis, L. Walker, M. Verghese
{"title":"Toxicokinetics of N-nitrosamine in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Absorption, Metabolism and Human Health Risk Implications","authors":"J. Patterson, S. Ogutu, S. Willis, L. Walker, M. Verghese","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.20.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.20.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"36 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80775323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khodakarm, D. Mehrabani, L. Homafar, G. Farjanikis
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that involves mostly the mucosa of the colon and increases the possibility of colon cancer. Elaeagnus angustifolia is one of traditional herbal medicines widely used for treatment of digestive diseases. In the present study, 70 Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups including negative control, positive control, enamel gel 10 and 20%, edible extract 300 and 600 mg and also pure base gel enema groups. Ulcerative colitis was induced by 3% acetic acid enema in all rats except negative control group. Positive control group received distilled water enema and all treatment groups received gel enema or edible extract daily during two weeks. Histopathological findings in the colon including regeneration and healing of mucosa, erosion and ulceration, cryptitis, cystic dilatation of the crypts and aggregation of inflammatory cells were compared in all control and experimental groups. The results showed edible extract 600 mg had the best effect on healing process. Edible extract 300 mg and 20% gel had lesser effects. In conclusion, 600 mg kgG1 edible extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia can be used for improvement of healing process in colon ulcers.
{"title":"Healing Effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia Extract in Experimentally Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats","authors":"A. Khodakarm, D. Mehrabani, L. Homafar, G. Farjanikis","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.29.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.29.35","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that involves mostly the mucosa of the colon and increases the possibility of colon cancer. Elaeagnus angustifolia is one of traditional herbal medicines widely used for treatment of digestive diseases. In the present study, 70 Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups including negative control, positive control, enamel gel 10 and 20%, edible extract 300 and 600 mg and also pure base gel enema groups. Ulcerative colitis was induced by 3% acetic acid enema in all rats except negative control group. Positive control group received distilled water enema and all treatment groups received gel enema or edible extract daily during two weeks. Histopathological findings in the colon including regeneration and healing of mucosa, erosion and ulceration, cryptitis, cystic dilatation of the crypts and aggregation of inflammatory cells were compared in all control and experimental groups. The results showed edible extract 600 mg had the best effect on healing process. Edible extract 300 mg and 20% gel had lesser effects. In conclusion, 600 mg kgG1 edible extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia can be used for improvement of healing process in colon ulcers.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"65 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86063656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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