Silymarin (SIL) is a natural occurring antioxidant and has a free radical scavenging property. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent associated with nephrotoxicity. This study aims at investigating the antioxidant effect of SIL against CDDP-induced oxidative stress and renal toxicity in rat kidney. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. The first group (G1) received no chemical treatment, G2 injected with 0.15 mL vehicle (propylene glycol and saline) intraperitoneally (i.p.), G3 injected with a single dose of CDDP 5 mg kgG1, i.p. only at the first day, G4 received SIL (50 mg kgG1 dayG1, i.p.) 2 h after a single dose of CDDP (5 mg kgG1; i.p.) and G5 received SIL (50 mg kgG1 dayG1, i.p.) 2 h before a single dose of CDDP (5 mg kgG1; i.p.). On day fifteen, animals sacrificed, serum and/or kidney tissues were used to determine renal functional markers (serum urea, creatinine), oxidative stress index (lipid peroxidation: Malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and light microscopical analysis. The CDDP-induced oxidative stress was indicated by a marked increase in: Serum urea and creatinine concentration and tissue MDA and a significant reduction in SOD and GPx activities. The CDDP also caused severe histopahtological changes and histochemical depletion of total protein contents in kidney cells. Results suggest that pretreatment with SIL protect kidney tissues fully against CDDP toxicity, since renal markers, MDA levels; activities of antioxidant enzymes, histological and histochemical features were restored to normal levels. Hence, SIL could be a promising nephroprotective and antioxidant agent for reducing CDDP-induced renal oxidative stress and toxicity.
{"title":"Antioxidant Effect of Silymarin on Cisplatin-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats","authors":"N. S. Abouzeinab","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2015.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2015.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Silymarin (SIL) is a natural occurring antioxidant and has a free radical scavenging property. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent associated with nephrotoxicity. This study aims at investigating the antioxidant effect of SIL against CDDP-induced oxidative stress and renal toxicity in rat kidney. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. The first group (G1) received no chemical treatment, G2 injected with 0.15 mL vehicle (propylene glycol and saline) intraperitoneally (i.p.), G3 injected with a single dose of CDDP 5 mg kgG1, i.p. only at the first day, G4 received SIL (50 mg kgG1 dayG1, i.p.) 2 h after a single dose of CDDP (5 mg kgG1; i.p.) and G5 received SIL (50 mg kgG1 dayG1, i.p.) 2 h before a single dose of CDDP (5 mg kgG1; i.p.). On day fifteen, animals sacrificed, serum and/or kidney tissues were used to determine renal functional markers (serum urea, creatinine), oxidative stress index (lipid peroxidation: Malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and light microscopical analysis. The CDDP-induced oxidative stress was indicated by a marked increase in: Serum urea and creatinine concentration and tissue MDA and a significant reduction in SOD and GPx activities. The CDDP also caused severe histopahtological changes and histochemical depletion of total protein contents in kidney cells. Results suggest that pretreatment with SIL protect kidney tissues fully against CDDP toxicity, since renal markers, MDA levels; activities of antioxidant enzymes, histological and histochemical features were restored to normal levels. Hence, SIL could be a promising nephroprotective and antioxidant agent for reducing CDDP-induced renal oxidative stress and toxicity.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89646691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.3923/JPT.2014.129.133
SirishaRani Siddaiahga, Darshak Makadia, L. Lingappa
{"title":"PEG Asparginase Induced Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis with Status Epilepticus Pediatric in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Report of 2 Cases from India","authors":"SirishaRani Siddaiahga, Darshak Makadia, L. Lingappa","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.129.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.129.133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"3 1","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81754025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.3923/JPT.2014.119.128
A. Manilal, A. Abdu, B. Merdekios, Xiangxiong Chen, Akbar Idhayadhul
{"title":"Synthesis of Novel and Diverse 1, 4-dihydropyridine Analogues and their Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities","authors":"A. Manilal, A. Abdu, B. Merdekios, Xiangxiong Chen, Akbar Idhayadhul","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.119.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.119.128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"397 1","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77372606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.3923/JPT.2014.110.118
Swathi Putta, Eswar Kumar Kila
{"title":"Effect of Methonolic Pericarp Extract of Feronia limonia on Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities in Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Swathi Putta, Eswar Kumar Kila","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.110.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.110.118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"80 1","pages":"110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85585724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toxic Effect of Potassium Dichromate on Sex Hormones and Possible Protective Effect of Rice Bran Oil in Female Albino Rats","authors":"M. Assasa, Mohammed Fa","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.90.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.90.96","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"49 1","pages":"90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85715220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akingbade, L. Saalu, O. Oyebanji, D. Oyeniran, O. O. Akande, G. Akunna
{"title":"Rhodinol-based Incense Testiculotoxicity in Albino Rats: Testicular Histology, Spermatogenic and Biochemical Evaluations","authors":"A. Akingbade, L. Saalu, O. Oyebanji, D. Oyeniran, O. O. Akande, G. Akunna","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.68.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.68.81","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"85 1","pages":"68-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73439843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun Kumar, M. Ali, J. Kumari, J. Singh, Ranjit Kumar
{"title":"Phytoremedial Potential of Azolla filiculoides against Profenofos Induced Nephrotoxicity on Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"Arun Kumar, M. Ali, J. Kumari, J. Singh, Ranjit Kumar","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.97.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.97.104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"26 4","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72549869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.3923/JPT.2014.105.109
M. Rajanandh, S. Santhosh
{"title":"Retrospective Assessment of Poisoning Cases in a Multi Specialty Hospital in Tamilnadu","authors":"M. Rajanandh, S. Santhosh","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.105.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.105.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91528696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ngokere, C. Ezeofor, Jude Ogechukwu Okoye, S. Ibekailo, T. Ude, C. J. Awalu, M. Amadi
{"title":"Antiprogesteronic and Estrogenic Effect of Mangifera indica in Female Rabbits","authors":"A. Ngokere, C. Ezeofor, Jude Ogechukwu Okoye, S. Ibekailo, T. Ude, C. J. Awalu, M. Amadi","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.82.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.82.89","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"36 1","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78305141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samy Ali Hussei, Omnia, M. Abd El-Ham, Ahmad M. Sabry F
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known human carcinogen and a potent nephrotoxin. The protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin against cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative stress to erythrocytes in rats were evaluated. One hundred male albino rats were divided into five groups containing 20 rats each. Group I: (control) administered distilled water. Group II :( Cadmium exposed group) received cadmium chloride (4.4 mg/kg body weight of 1/20th of LD50 / day) orally for 10 weeks. Group III :( Cadmium +alpha-lipoic acid) received cadmium chloride (4.4 mg/kg body weight) and treated daily with alphalipoic acid (54 mg/kg body weight/ i.p). Group IV :( Cadmium +Melatonin) received cadmium chloride (4.4 mg/kg body weight) and treated daily with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/orally). Group V :( Cadmium +alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin). Urea and creatinine concentrations were determined in plasma. However, erythrocyte hemolysate were processed for the determination of L-Malondialdhyde (LMDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), GlutathioneS-transferase (GST) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) in addition to erythrocytes Glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity. Also, kidney specimens were used for cadmium residues determination. The obtained results revealed that, a significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine concentrations and erythrocyte L-MDA level, SOD activity in addition to kidney cadmium residue concentrations were observed in cadmium intoxicated rats. However, administration of alpha-lipoic acid, melatonin and their combination exhibited a significant decreased in all mentioned parameters. On the other hand, a significant decreased in erythrocyte CAT, GST and G-6-PDH activities, GSH concentration were observed in cadmium intoxicated rats. Meanwhile, treatment with alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin resulted in significant increase in all mentioned parameters. It could be concluded that, the potential protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin as a powerful agents and may be useful as an antioxidants in combating free radical-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury that is a result of cadmium toxicity.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid and Melatonin Against Cadmium-induced Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of Rats","authors":"Samy Ali Hussei, Omnia, M. Abd El-Ham, Ahmad M. Sabry F","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2014.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2014.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known human carcinogen and a potent nephrotoxin. The protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin against cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative stress to erythrocytes in rats were evaluated. One hundred male albino rats were divided into five groups containing 20 rats each. Group I: (control) administered distilled water. Group II :( Cadmium exposed group) received cadmium chloride (4.4 mg/kg body weight of 1/20th of LD50 / day) orally for 10 weeks. Group III :( Cadmium +alpha-lipoic acid) received cadmium chloride (4.4 mg/kg body weight) and treated daily with alphalipoic acid (54 mg/kg body weight/ i.p). Group IV :( Cadmium +Melatonin) received cadmium chloride (4.4 mg/kg body weight) and treated daily with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/orally). Group V :( Cadmium +alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin). Urea and creatinine concentrations were determined in plasma. However, erythrocyte hemolysate were processed for the determination of L-Malondialdhyde (LMDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), GlutathioneS-transferase (GST) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) in addition to erythrocytes Glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity. Also, kidney specimens were used for cadmium residues determination. The obtained results revealed that, a significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine concentrations and erythrocyte L-MDA level, SOD activity in addition to kidney cadmium residue concentrations were observed in cadmium intoxicated rats. However, administration of alpha-lipoic acid, melatonin and their combination exhibited a significant decreased in all mentioned parameters. On the other hand, a significant decreased in erythrocyte CAT, GST and G-6-PDH activities, GSH concentration were observed in cadmium intoxicated rats. Meanwhile, treatment with alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin resulted in significant increase in all mentioned parameters. It could be concluded that, the potential protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin as a powerful agents and may be useful as an antioxidants in combating free radical-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury that is a result of cadmium toxicity.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"2004 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88334160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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