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Global food contact regulation updates for 1st quarter 2023 2023年第一季度全球食品接触法规更新
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221147974
Huqiu Zhang
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引用次数: 0
A maddock mixer design that mitigates gels in polyethylene resin film applications 一种maddock混合器设计,可减轻聚乙烯树脂薄膜应用中的凝胶
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221124172
M. Spalding, Xiaofei Sun, S. Kodjie, Libo Du, T. Womer, N. Uzelac
Maddock mixers are ubiquitous in plastics processing for single-screw extruders and injection molding plasticators due to their low cost to build and their ability to provide a uniform level of dispersive mixing. If the mixer is designed properly, all entering solid polymer fragments and certain types of gels can be trapped and dispersed into the matrix resin. Many mixers that are used commercially, however, provide lower levels of dispersive stress mixing than required by the process and they can degrade polyethylene (PE) resins. This paper will describe the mechanisms that are occurring in a Maddock mixer and develop guidelines for obtaining optimal mixing stresses while mitigating resin degradation.
Maddock混合器在单螺杆挤出机和注射成型增塑机的塑料加工中无处不在,因为它们的建造成本低,并且能够提供均匀的分散混合水平。如果混合器设计得当,所有进入的固体聚合物碎片和某些类型的凝胶都可以被捕获并分散到基体树脂中。然而,商业上使用的许多混合器提供的分散应力混合水平低于工艺要求,并且它们可以降解聚乙烯(PE)树脂。本文将描述在Maddock混合器中发生的机制,并制定指导方针,以获得最佳的混合应力,同时减轻树脂降解。
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引用次数: 0
Blade coating analysis of carreau fluid model with Magnetohydrodynamics and slip effects 考虑磁流体力学和滑移效应的卡鲁流体模型叶片涂层分析
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221117533
M. Mughees, M. Sajid, M. Sadiq, H. Shahzad, N. Ali
Coating is a process that improves and enhances life, quality and efficiency of the web. Common industrial adhesive application to board and paper, metal foils polymer coatings, photographic film emulsions, recording films, textile fabrics, paints, coating on food items, medicine, catalogues are common examples. There are many fluids that are used as coatings. This paper analyses blade coating using both plane as well as exponential geometries along with slip and magnetohydrodynamics effects for a Carreau fluid model. To study the blade coating phenomenon, slip is introduced at the blade surface and a magnetic field is applied normal to the fluid flow. The LAT (Lubrication approximation theory) has been introduced to convert governing partial differential equations into a simpler form and a numerical solution is obtained by using shooting method. The significant physical quantities like volumetric flow rate, pressure, velocity, load, coated film thickness and pressure gradient are discussed in detail. The effects of power law index, slip parameter, Weissenberg number and Hartmann number on these physical quantities are presented. The observations are depicted in tabular data and in the graphical form as well. The Weissenberg number and Hartmann number play a very important role in controlling the load and coated film thickness.
涂布是一种改善和提高织网寿命、质量和效率的过程。常见的工业粘合剂应用于纸板和纸张、金属箔、聚合物涂层、照相胶片乳剂、记录薄膜、纺织织物、油漆、食品、药品、目录上的涂层。有许多液体可用作涂料。本文用平面几何和指数几何分析了卡罗流体模型的叶片涂层,并考虑了滑移和磁流体力学效应。为了研究叶片涂层现象,在叶片表面引入滑移,并向流体流动方向施加磁场。引入润滑近似理论(LAT),将控制偏微分方程转化为更简单的形式,并采用射击法得到数值解。详细讨论了体积流量、压力、速度、载荷、涂膜厚度和压力梯度等重要物理量。给出了幂律指数、滑移参数、Weissenberg数和Hartmann数对这些物理量的影响。观测结果以表格数据和图形形式描述。Weissenberg数和Hartmann数在控制负载和涂膜厚度方面起着非常重要的作用。
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引用次数: 5
Randomization done right 随机化是否正确
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221134858
Shari Kraber
Randomization is essential for success with planned experimentation (DOE) to protect factor effects against bias by lurking variables. For example, consider the 8-run, two-level factorial design shown in Table 1. It lays out the low ( ) and high (+) coded levels of each factor in standard, not random, order. Notice that factor C changes level only once throughout the experiment—first being set at the low (minus) level for four runs, followed by the remaining four runs set at the high (plus) level. Now, let’s say that the humidity in the room increases throughout the day—affecting the measured response. Since the DOE runs are not randomized, the change in humidity biases the calculated effect of the nonrandomized factor C. Therefore, the effect of factor C includes the humidity change – it is no longer purely due to the change from low to high. This will cause analysis problems!
随机化对于计划实验(DOE)的成功至关重要,以保护因子效应免受潜伏变量的影响。例如,考虑表1中所示的8次运行、两级析因设计。它以标准(而不是随机)顺序列出每个因子的低()和高(+)编码级别。注意,在整个实验过程中,因子C只改变一次水平——首先在四次运行中设置为低(减)水平,然后在其余四次运行中设置为高(加)水平。现在,假设房间里的湿度全天都在增加,影响了测量的响应。由于DOE运行不是随机的,湿度的变化会影响非随机因素C的计算效果。因此,因素C的影响包括湿度的变化——它不再纯粹是由于从低到高的变化。这将导致分析问题!
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引用次数: 0
From the Editor 来自编辑
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221131869
J. Wagner
: Accelerometry data enables scientists to extract personal digital features that can benefit precision health decision making. Existing methods in accelerometry data analysis typically begin with discretizing summary single-axis counts by certain fixed cutoffs into several activity categories, such as Vigorous, Moderate, Light, and Sedentary. One well-known limitation is that the chosen cutoffs have often been validated with restricted settings, and thus they cannot be generalizable across populations, devices, or studies. In this paper, we develop a data-driven approach to overcome this bot-tleneck in the analysis of activity data, in which we holistically summarize a subject ’ s activity pro-file using Occupation-Time curves (OTCs). Being a functional predictor, OTC describes the percentage of time spent at or above a continuum of activity count levels. We develop multi-step adaptive learning algorithms to perform a supervised learning via a scale-functional regression model that con-tains OTC as the functional predictor of interest as well as other covariates. Our learning algorithm first incorporates a hybrid approach of fused lasso for grouping and Hidden Markov Model for change-point detection, and then executes a few refinement learning steps to yield activity windows of interest. We demonstrate good performances of this learning algorithm using simulations as well as real world data analysis to assess the influence of physical activity on biological aging. Abstract: The of Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular methods for dimension reduction. In light of the rapidly increasing large-scale data in federated ecosystems, the traditional PCA method is often not applicable due to privacy protection considerations and large computational burden. Fast PCA algorithms have been proposed to lower the computational cost but cannot handle federated data. Distributed PCA algorithms have been developed to handle federated data but are not computationally efficient when data at each site are very large. In this paper, we propose the FAst DIstributed (FADI) PCA method which applies fast PCA to site specific data using multiple random sketches and aggregates the results across sites. We perform a non-asymptotic We perform studies and show that We apply Abstract: Sequential process monitoring has broad applications. In practice, process character-istics to monitor often have a high dimensionality, partly due to the fast progress in data acquisition techniques. Thus, statistical process control (SPC) research for monitoring high dimensional processes is in rapid development in recent years. Most existing SPC charts for monitoring high-dimensional processes are designed for conventional cases in which the in-control (IC) process observations at different time points are assumed to be independent and identically distributed. In practice, however, serial correlation almost always exists in the observed sequential data, and the
:加速度测量数据使科学家能够提取个人数字特征,从而有利于精确的健康决策。现有的加速度计数据分析方法通常首先通过某些固定的截止点将汇总单轴计数离散为几个活动类别,如剧烈、中度、轻度和久坐。一个众所周知的限制是,所选择的截止值通常是在有限的设置下验证的,因此它们不能在人群、设备或研究中推广。在本文中,我们开发了一种数据驱动的方法来克服活动数据分析中的这一瓶颈,其中我们使用职业时间曲线(OTCs)全面总结了受试者的活动概况。作为一个功能预测指标,OTC描述了在连续活动计数水平或以上花费的时间百分比。我们开发了多步自适应学习算法,通过包含OTC作为感兴趣的功能预测器以及其他协变量的规模函数回归模型来执行监督学习。我们的学习算法首先结合融合套索分组和隐马尔可夫模型的混合方法进行变化点检测,然后执行一些细化学习步骤来产生感兴趣的活动窗口。我们使用模拟和现实世界的数据分析来评估身体活动对生物衰老的影响,证明了这种学习算法的良好性能。摘要:主成分分析(PCA)是最常用的降维方法之一。在联邦生态系统中大规模数据快速增长的情况下,由于隐私保护的考虑和计算量大,传统的主成分分析方法往往不适用。快速PCA算法可以降低计算成本,但无法处理联邦数据。分布式PCA算法已被开发用于处理联邦数据,但当每个站点的数据非常大时,计算效率不高。在本文中,我们提出了快速分布(FAst DIstributed, FADI)主成分分析方法,该方法使用多个随机草图对特定站点的数据进行快速主成分分析,并跨站点汇总结果。摘要:序贯过程监控具有广泛的应用前景。在实践中,要监测的过程特征往往具有很高的维度,部分原因是由于数据采集技术的快速发展。因此,用于监测高维过程的统计过程控制(SPC)研究近年来得到了迅速发展。大多数现有的用于监控高维过程的SPC图都是为传统情况而设计的,在这种情况下,不同时间点的控制(IC)过程观测被假设为独立且均匀分布。然而,在实践中,序列相关性几乎总是存在于观测到的序列数据中,并且要监测的过程的纵向模式可能是动态的,因为其IC分布会随时间而变化(例如,季节性)。在本文中,我们开发了一种新的SPC图用于监控高维动态过程。该方法基于非参数纵向建模来描述监测过程的纵向模式,基于主成分分析来降维,基于顺序学习算法来制定有效的决策规则。它能很好地适应时变IC工艺分布、序列数据相关和非参数数据分布。该方法已被证明是有效的空气污染监测方法。摘要:利用观察性数据估计治疗效果对于许多生物医学应用具有重要意义。特别是,对许多生物医学研究人员来说,治疗效果的可解释性是可取的。本文首先进行了理论分析,提出了在强可忽略性假设下平均处理效果估计偏差的上界。提出的上界由两部分组成:事实结果的训练误差,以及处理分布和控制分布之间的距离。流行病学、生物统计学和数据科学是包含各种实质性领域的广泛学科。其中的共同点是关注解决复杂问题的定量方法。当实质性领域是卫生和保健时,这种重叠进一步巩固。这些学科的研究人员精通统计学、数据管理和分析、健康和医学,仅举几例。然而,这些领域有一些重要的,也许是相互排斥的属性,需要更紧密的集成。例如,流行病学家在研究设计、测量和因果推理的艺术方面接受了大量的培训。 生物统计学家精通方法论技术的理论和应用,以及公共卫生研究的设计和实施。数据科学家在高维数据的计算和可视化方法方面接受同样严格的训练。与数据科学家相比,流行病学家和生物统计学家在计算机科学和信息学方面的专业知识可能较少,而数据科学家可能受益于研究设计和因果推理的工作知识。合作和交叉培训提供了分享和学习这些领域的结构、框架、理论和方法的机会,目的是为解决健康和医疗保健领域的挑战性问题提供新鲜和创新的视角。在本文中,我们首先描述了这些领域的演变,重点关注它们在电子健康数据时代的融合,特别是电子医疗记录(emr)。接下来,我们将介绍协作团队如何设计、分析和实施基于电子病历的研究。最后,我们回顾了主要流行病学、生物统计学和数据科学培训项目的课程,找出差距并为该领域的发展提供建议。
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引用次数: 0
Polymer/graphene nanofoam nanocomposites: Properties and potential 聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫纳米复合材料:性能和潜力
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221084353
Ayesha Kausar
Graphene is a nano-allotrope of carbon. It is a two dimensional (2D) one atom thick single layer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. An important form of graphene is the three dimensional (3D) graphene, also known as graphene nanofoam. This review article précises progress in the field of 3D graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites. The 3D macroscopic graphene nanostructures when used to reinforce polymer matrices attain superior structural and physical properties. This article considers the design, fabrication, characteristics, and promising applications of polymer/graphene nanofoam nanocomposites. The graphene nanofoam and polymer/graphene nanofoam nanocomposites have been prepared through advance approaches. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, specific capacitance, radiation shielding, mechanical properties, and other physical properties of the polymer/graphene nanofoam architectures have been studied. Interactions between the polymers and 3D graphene architecture are essential to enhance the nanocomposite performance. Polymer/graphene nanofoam nanocomposites applications are for solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.
石墨烯是碳的纳米同素异形体。它是一个二维(2D)单原子厚的sp2杂化碳原子单层。石墨烯的一种重要形式是三维(3D)石墨烯,也称为石墨烯纳米泡沫。本文综述了三维石墨烯基聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展。三维宏观石墨烯纳米结构用于增强聚合物基体,可获得优越的结构和物理性能。本文介绍了聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫复合材料的设计、制备、特点及其应用前景。采用先进的方法制备了石墨烯纳米泡沫和聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫复合材料。研究了聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫结构的微观结构、电导率、比电容、辐射屏蔽、机械性能和其他物理性能。聚合物与三维石墨烯结构之间的相互作用是提高纳米复合材料性能的关键。聚合物/石墨烯纳米泡沫纳米复合材料应用于太阳能电池、燃料电池、超级电容器和电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽。
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引用次数: 0
Global food contact regulation updates for 4th quarter 2022 2022年第四季度全球食品接触法规更新
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221134856
Huqiu Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Tetra functional epoxy/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, anticorrosion and dielectric properties 四官能团环氧树脂/多面体低聚硅氧烷(POSS)纳米复合材料具有增强的机械、热、防腐和介电性能
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221114650
Dhanapal Duraibabu, S. Kumar, M. Alagar
Tetra functional epoxy resin namely tetraglycidyl 1,4’-bis (4-amine-phenoxy) sulphone benzene epoxy (TGBAPSB) was developed via 1,4’-bis (4-amine-phenoxy) sulphone benzene (BAPSB) and epichlorohydrin. TGBAPSB was reinforced with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanomaterial in various weight percentages (1–2 wt%) and polyamidoimidazoline (Aradur 140) was used as curing agent. FT-IR results validated the molecular structure of the synthesized POSS. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) evaluated the thermo-mechanical and thermal behaviour of TGBAPSB epoxy matrix and its organic-inorganic hybrid epoxy nanocomposites (TGBAPSB/POSS). X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigated the surface morphological behaviour of the organic-inorganic hybrid epoxy nanocomposites. TGBAPSB epoxy resin with optimized POSS reinforcement exhibited excellent thermo-mechanical, thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and water absorption properties, making it a suitable material for advanced high-performance applications.
以1,4′-双(4-胺-苯氧基)磺苯(BAPSB)和环氧氯丙烷为原料,制备了四功能环氧树脂——四缩水甘油酯1,4′-双(4-胺-苯氧基)磺苯环氧树脂(TGBAPSB)。采用不同重量百分比(1-2 wt%)的多面体低聚硅氧烷(POSS)纳米材料和聚酰胺咪唑啉(Aradur 140)作为固化剂对TGBAPSB进行增强。FT-IR结果验证了合成的POSS的分子结构。动态力学分析(DMA)和热重分析(TGA)评价了TGBAPSB环氧基及其有机-无机杂化环氧纳米复合材料(TGBAPSB/POSS)的热力学和热行为。x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了有机-无机杂化环氧纳米复合材料的表面形态行为。具有优化POSS增强的TGBAPSB环氧树脂具有优异的热机械,热,机械,介电和吸水性能,使其成为先进高性能应用的合适材料。
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引用次数: 1
Coating of a viscoplastic material onto a moving porous web during forward roll coating process: A theoretical study 前滚涂覆过程中粘塑性材料在移动多孔腹板上的涂覆:理论研究
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221113638
M. Zahid, I. Siddique, Rifaqat Ali
In this paper, a mathematical model of forward roll for coating a thin viscoplastic fluid onto a moving porous web is developed when the web passes through a small gap between the two rigid rolls. The conservation equations in the light of lubrication approximation theory are non-dimensionalized and solutions for the velocity profile, flow rate, pressure distribution are calculated numerically by using Range-Kutta-Fehlberg’s method. It is found that by changing (increasing/decreasing) the material parameters, one can really control the engineering quantities like velocity distribution, flow rate, pressure distribution, and penetration depth The velocity graphs show that the gap between the velocity curves decrease, as fluid moves toward the separation point. This has a significant effect on the final volume of fluid flowing as at the separation point the fluid splits evenly. It was also found that the degree of fluid penetration is affected by the web flexibility and permeability. It has also been found that viscoelastic parameter and ratio of viscous to elastic forces have great impact on the emerging parameters, furthermore, the pressure gradient has been significantly affected with the variation in permeability and deformability. It is worth mentioning that the present study is a quick reference for the engineer working in coating industries and to compare the results with experimental data. Some results are shown graphically.
本文建立了当移动的多孔腹板通过两个刚性辊之间的小间隙时,将薄粘塑性流体涂覆在多孔腹板上的前辊的数学模型。根据润滑近似理论对守恒方程进行无量纲化处理,采用Range-Kutta-Fehlberg方法对速度剖面、流量、压力分布进行数值计算。通过改变(增加/减少)材料参数,可以真正控制速度分布、流量、压力分布和侵彻深度等工程量。速度图显示,随着流体向分离点移动,速度曲线之间的间隙减小。这对流体流动的最终体积有显著的影响,因为在分离点流体均匀地分裂。研究还发现,流体的渗透程度受腹板柔韧性和渗透率的影响。黏弹性参数和粘弹性比对新兴参数有较大影响,渗透率和变形能力的变化对压力梯度有显著影响。值得一提的是,本研究为涂料行业的工程师提供了快速参考,并可将结果与实验数据进行比较。一些结果用图形显示。
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引用次数: 1
Rheological impact of Sutterby fluid in isothermal forward roll coating process: a theoretical study 萨特比流体在等温前滚涂布过程中的流变性影响的理论研究
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221111820
Alia Hanif, Z. Abbas, S. Khaliq
In this paper, the incompressible and isothermal flow of Sutterby fluid is investigated during the forward roll coating process. The mass and momentum equations are non-dimensionalized and simplified using lubrication approximation theory (LAT). Perturbative results are obtained for the velocity, pressure gradient, flow rate, and shear stress, while coating thickness, maximum pressure, separating point, roll separating force and roll-transmitted power are found by Simpson’s 3/8 rule. Outcomes exhibit that velocity, pressure gradient and coating thickness are substantially influenced by the non-Newtonian fluid parameter, which may increase the coating efficiency. Also, power input and roll separating force is directly proportional to the non-Newtonian parameter.
本文研究了前滚涂覆过程中萨特比流体的不可压缩等温流动。采用润滑近似理论(LAT)对质量和动量方程进行了无量纲化和简化。得到了速度、压力梯度、流量和剪切应力的微扰结果,而涂层厚度、最大压力、分离点、辊分离力和辊传力均采用Simpson的3/8规则。结果表明,速度、压力梯度和涂层厚度受非牛顿流体参数的影响较大,这可能会提高涂层效率。同时,动力输入与滚压分离力与非牛顿参数成正比。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting
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