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Theoretical Analysis of Roll-over-web Coating of a Non-Newtonian Polymer Using Lubrication Approximation Theory 用润滑近似理论分析非牛顿聚合物的滚轧膜
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221150751
H. Atif, Mobeen Akhtar, Muhammad A. Javed
Roll-coating process plays an important role in many industries for its practical applications such as paint, PVC coated fabrics and plastic industries. There are several roll-to-roll coating methods including forward and reverse roll-coating. However, the roll-over-web coating study of the Rabinowitsch model is presented in this paper. The flow equations for the problem are developed and converted into dimensionless form with the help of dimensionless variables and then finally simplified by a well-known lubrication approximation theory. We employ the regular perturbation technique to get analytical expressions for velocity, pressure, and pressure gradient. Engineering quantities such as power input function and roll-separating force are calculated by Runge-Kutta method. The dimensionless Rabinowitsch parameter effect on velocity, pressure, pressure gradient, load-carrying force, and power input are shown graphically. It is interesting to note that for the shear thickening case, the Rabinowitsch model predicts 35% higher pressure, while in the shear thinning case it predicts 29% less pressure in the nip region when compared to the Newtonian model. The force and power show a decreasing trend on increasing the dimensionless Rabinowitsch parameter a. Moreover, the separation point shifts right of its Newtonian value when fluid behaves like shear thickening and volumetric flow rate increases which causes the coating thickness to increase.
滚涂工艺在许多行业中发挥着重要的作用,如油漆、PVC涂层织物和塑料行业。有几种卷对卷涂布方法,包括正向涂布和反向涂布。然而,本文提出了Rabinowitsch模型的滚轧涂层研究。利用无量纲变量建立了该问题的流动方程,并将其转化为无量纲形式,最后利用著名的润滑近似理论进行了简化。我们采用正则摄动技术得到了速度、压力和压力梯度的解析表达式。采用龙格-库塔法计算了动力输入函数和分辊力等工程量。无因次Rabinowitsch参数对速度、压力、压力梯度、承载力和功率输入的影响用图形表示。有趣的是,在剪切增厚的情况下,Rabinowitsch模型预测的压力比牛顿模型高35%,而在剪切变薄的情况下,与牛顿模型相比,它预测的压痕区域压力比牛顿模型低29%。随着无量纲Rabinowitsch参数a的增大,力和功率均呈减小趋势。当流体表现为剪切增稠,体积流量增大时,分离点向牛顿值右移,导致涂层厚度增大。
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引用次数: 2
A rheology and processing study on controlling material and process defects in polymer melt extrusion film casting using polymer blends 用聚合物共混物控制聚合物熔体挤出膜铸造材料和工艺缺陷的流变学及工艺研究
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221150764
D. Rokade, P. Patil, Sheetal Nandimath, H. Pol
The primary objective of this research paper is to control the material and process defects in polymer melt extrusion film casting (EFC) process for linear chain architecture polyethylene (PE) resins through polymer blending methodology. Extrusion film casting is a well-known industrially important manufacturing process that is used to manufacture thousands of tons of polymer/plastic films/sheets and coated products. In this research, the necking defect in an EFC process has been studied experimentally for a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin and attempts have been made to control its necking by blending in a long chain branched (LCB) low density polyethylene (LDPE) resin. The blending methodology is based on the understanding that a LDPE resin displays enhanced resistance to necking as compared to the LLDPE resin. It is found that added LDPE resin enhances necking resistance for the primary LLDPE resin. Further, as the LDPE concentration increases in the blend formulation, the necking is further reduced as compared to pure LLDPE. Analogous to past studies on EFC of linear and long chain branched architecture containing PEs, it is observed that as the LDPE is increased in the blend formulations, the formulations displayed enhanced melt elasticity and extensional strain hardening in rheological studies. It is concluded from this study that polyethylene resins having linear chain architecture can be made amenable to enhanced resistance to necking using appropriate amount of a long chain branched resins. Finally, process defects such as the draw resonance onset could be shifted to higher draw ratios as the LDPE level is increased in the LLDPE-LDPE blend formulation.
本文的主要目的是通过聚合物共混的方法来控制线性链结构聚乙烯(PE)树脂熔体挤出薄膜铸造(EFC)过程中的材料和工艺缺陷。挤出薄膜铸造是一种众所周知的工业重要制造工艺,用于制造数千吨聚合物/塑料薄膜/片材和涂层产品。在本研究中,实验研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)树脂在EFC过程中的缩颈缺陷,并试图通过与长链支链(LCB)低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)树脂共混来控制其缩颈。混合方法是基于这样一种认识,即与LLDPE树脂相比,LDPE树脂具有更强的抗颈缩性。结果表明,LDPE树脂的加入提高了原LLDPE树脂的抗颈缩性能。此外,随着共混配方中LDPE浓度的增加,与纯LLDPE相比,颈缩进一步减少。与过去对含聚乙烯的线性和长链支链结构的EFC研究类似,我们观察到,随着共混配方中LDPE含量的增加,在流变学研究中,该配方表现出增强的熔体弹性和拉伸应变硬化。研究结果表明,采用适量的长链支化树脂可以使具有线性链结构的聚乙烯树脂具有增强的抗缩性。最后,随着LLDPE-LDPE共混配方中LDPE含量的增加,拉伸共振发作等工艺缺陷可以转移到更高的拉伸比。
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引用次数: 2
Populismus und Kino 民粹主义和电影
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.14361/9783839465400
J. Pause
Die 1930er-Jahre gelten als das populistische Jahrzehnt Hollywoods. Regisseure wie Frank Capra, Leo McCarey und John Ford entwerfen in ihren Werken Szenarien geglückter oder gescheiterter politischer Repräsentation, in denen sich demokratische Ideale mit politischer Theologie und amerikanischem Exzeptionalismus verbinden. Die Szenographie dieser Filme hat sich tief in das kulturelle Gedächtnis der USA eingeschrieben und prägt die politische Inszenierung von Repräsentation bis heute. Johannes Pause liest die damals entstandene Bildsprache als eine Typologie populistischer Repräsentation neu und nutzt sie als Folie, um aktuelle politische Tendenzen zu analysieren.
20世纪30年代是好莱坞民粹主义的十年。这样的导演包括弗兰克·卡普拉,李奥·麦卡锡和约翰·福特,他们的作品描绘着获得成功或失败的政治代表,将民主理想与政治神学和美国例外论结合起来。这些电影的封面已经深深地植根于美国的文化记忆,直到今天,它还在见证政治集会的过程。约翰·图恩(john plan)最近的画法表现得很好,将其作为分析近期政治趋势的幻灯片。
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引用次数: 0
From the Editor 来自编辑
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221147989
G. Crossley
No This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
不这篇文章受版权保护。版权所有。
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引用次数: 0
Augmenting one-factor-at-a-time data to build a DOE 增加一次一个因素的数据来构建一个DOE
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221147984
Shari Kraber
from
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引用次数: 1
Global food contact regulation updates for 1st quarter 2023 2023年第一季度全球食品接触法规更新
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221147974
Huqiu Zhang
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引用次数: 0
A maddock mixer design that mitigates gels in polyethylene resin film applications 一种maddock混合器设计,可减轻聚乙烯树脂薄膜应用中的凝胶
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221124172
M. Spalding, Xiaofei Sun, S. Kodjie, Libo Du, T. Womer, N. Uzelac
Maddock mixers are ubiquitous in plastics processing for single-screw extruders and injection molding plasticators due to their low cost to build and their ability to provide a uniform level of dispersive mixing. If the mixer is designed properly, all entering solid polymer fragments and certain types of gels can be trapped and dispersed into the matrix resin. Many mixers that are used commercially, however, provide lower levels of dispersive stress mixing than required by the process and they can degrade polyethylene (PE) resins. This paper will describe the mechanisms that are occurring in a Maddock mixer and develop guidelines for obtaining optimal mixing stresses while mitigating resin degradation.
Maddock混合器在单螺杆挤出机和注射成型增塑机的塑料加工中无处不在,因为它们的建造成本低,并且能够提供均匀的分散混合水平。如果混合器设计得当,所有进入的固体聚合物碎片和某些类型的凝胶都可以被捕获并分散到基体树脂中。然而,商业上使用的许多混合器提供的分散应力混合水平低于工艺要求,并且它们可以降解聚乙烯(PE)树脂。本文将描述在Maddock混合器中发生的机制,并制定指导方针,以获得最佳的混合应力,同时减轻树脂降解。
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引用次数: 0
Blade coating analysis of carreau fluid model with Magnetohydrodynamics and slip effects 考虑磁流体力学和滑移效应的卡鲁流体模型叶片涂层分析
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221117533
M. Mughees, M. Sajid, M. Sadiq, H. Shahzad, N. Ali
Coating is a process that improves and enhances life, quality and efficiency of the web. Common industrial adhesive application to board and paper, metal foils polymer coatings, photographic film emulsions, recording films, textile fabrics, paints, coating on food items, medicine, catalogues are common examples. There are many fluids that are used as coatings. This paper analyses blade coating using both plane as well as exponential geometries along with slip and magnetohydrodynamics effects for a Carreau fluid model. To study the blade coating phenomenon, slip is introduced at the blade surface and a magnetic field is applied normal to the fluid flow. The LAT (Lubrication approximation theory) has been introduced to convert governing partial differential equations into a simpler form and a numerical solution is obtained by using shooting method. The significant physical quantities like volumetric flow rate, pressure, velocity, load, coated film thickness and pressure gradient are discussed in detail. The effects of power law index, slip parameter, Weissenberg number and Hartmann number on these physical quantities are presented. The observations are depicted in tabular data and in the graphical form as well. The Weissenberg number and Hartmann number play a very important role in controlling the load and coated film thickness.
涂布是一种改善和提高织网寿命、质量和效率的过程。常见的工业粘合剂应用于纸板和纸张、金属箔、聚合物涂层、照相胶片乳剂、记录薄膜、纺织织物、油漆、食品、药品、目录上的涂层。有许多液体可用作涂料。本文用平面几何和指数几何分析了卡罗流体模型的叶片涂层,并考虑了滑移和磁流体力学效应。为了研究叶片涂层现象,在叶片表面引入滑移,并向流体流动方向施加磁场。引入润滑近似理论(LAT),将控制偏微分方程转化为更简单的形式,并采用射击法得到数值解。详细讨论了体积流量、压力、速度、载荷、涂膜厚度和压力梯度等重要物理量。给出了幂律指数、滑移参数、Weissenberg数和Hartmann数对这些物理量的影响。观测结果以表格数据和图形形式描述。Weissenberg数和Hartmann数在控制负载和涂膜厚度方面起着非常重要的作用。
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引用次数: 5
Randomization done right 随机化是否正确
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221134858
Shari Kraber
Randomization is essential for success with planned experimentation (DOE) to protect factor effects against bias by lurking variables. For example, consider the 8-run, two-level factorial design shown in Table 1. It lays out the low ( ) and high (+) coded levels of each factor in standard, not random, order. Notice that factor C changes level only once throughout the experiment—first being set at the low (minus) level for four runs, followed by the remaining four runs set at the high (plus) level. Now, let’s say that the humidity in the room increases throughout the day—affecting the measured response. Since the DOE runs are not randomized, the change in humidity biases the calculated effect of the nonrandomized factor C. Therefore, the effect of factor C includes the humidity change – it is no longer purely due to the change from low to high. This will cause analysis problems!
随机化对于计划实验(DOE)的成功至关重要,以保护因子效应免受潜伏变量的影响。例如,考虑表1中所示的8次运行、两级析因设计。它以标准(而不是随机)顺序列出每个因子的低()和高(+)编码级别。注意,在整个实验过程中,因子C只改变一次水平——首先在四次运行中设置为低(减)水平,然后在其余四次运行中设置为高(加)水平。现在,假设房间里的湿度全天都在增加,影响了测量的响应。由于DOE运行不是随机的,湿度的变化会影响非随机因素C的计算效果。因此,因素C的影响包括湿度的变化——它不再纯粹是由于从低到高的变化。这将导致分析问题!
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引用次数: 0
From the Editor 来自编辑
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/87560879221131869
J. Wagner
: Accelerometry data enables scientists to extract personal digital features that can benefit precision health decision making. Existing methods in accelerometry data analysis typically begin with discretizing summary single-axis counts by certain fixed cutoffs into several activity categories, such as Vigorous, Moderate, Light, and Sedentary. One well-known limitation is that the chosen cutoffs have often been validated with restricted settings, and thus they cannot be generalizable across populations, devices, or studies. In this paper, we develop a data-driven approach to overcome this bot-tleneck in the analysis of activity data, in which we holistically summarize a subject ’ s activity pro-file using Occupation-Time curves (OTCs). Being a functional predictor, OTC describes the percentage of time spent at or above a continuum of activity count levels. We develop multi-step adaptive learning algorithms to perform a supervised learning via a scale-functional regression model that con-tains OTC as the functional predictor of interest as well as other covariates. Our learning algorithm first incorporates a hybrid approach of fused lasso for grouping and Hidden Markov Model for change-point detection, and then executes a few refinement learning steps to yield activity windows of interest. We demonstrate good performances of this learning algorithm using simulations as well as real world data analysis to assess the influence of physical activity on biological aging. Abstract: The of Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular methods for dimension reduction. In light of the rapidly increasing large-scale data in federated ecosystems, the traditional PCA method is often not applicable due to privacy protection considerations and large computational burden. Fast PCA algorithms have been proposed to lower the computational cost but cannot handle federated data. Distributed PCA algorithms have been developed to handle federated data but are not computationally efficient when data at each site are very large. In this paper, we propose the FAst DIstributed (FADI) PCA method which applies fast PCA to site specific data using multiple random sketches and aggregates the results across sites. We perform a non-asymptotic We perform studies and show that We apply Abstract: Sequential process monitoring has broad applications. In practice, process character-istics to monitor often have a high dimensionality, partly due to the fast progress in data acquisition techniques. Thus, statistical process control (SPC) research for monitoring high dimensional processes is in rapid development in recent years. Most existing SPC charts for monitoring high-dimensional processes are designed for conventional cases in which the in-control (IC) process observations at different time points are assumed to be independent and identically distributed. In practice, however, serial correlation almost always exists in the observed sequential data, and the
:加速度测量数据使科学家能够提取个人数字特征,从而有利于精确的健康决策。现有的加速度计数据分析方法通常首先通过某些固定的截止点将汇总单轴计数离散为几个活动类别,如剧烈、中度、轻度和久坐。一个众所周知的限制是,所选择的截止值通常是在有限的设置下验证的,因此它们不能在人群、设备或研究中推广。在本文中,我们开发了一种数据驱动的方法来克服活动数据分析中的这一瓶颈,其中我们使用职业时间曲线(OTCs)全面总结了受试者的活动概况。作为一个功能预测指标,OTC描述了在连续活动计数水平或以上花费的时间百分比。我们开发了多步自适应学习算法,通过包含OTC作为感兴趣的功能预测器以及其他协变量的规模函数回归模型来执行监督学习。我们的学习算法首先结合融合套索分组和隐马尔可夫模型的混合方法进行变化点检测,然后执行一些细化学习步骤来产生感兴趣的活动窗口。我们使用模拟和现实世界的数据分析来评估身体活动对生物衰老的影响,证明了这种学习算法的良好性能。摘要:主成分分析(PCA)是最常用的降维方法之一。在联邦生态系统中大规模数据快速增长的情况下,由于隐私保护的考虑和计算量大,传统的主成分分析方法往往不适用。快速PCA算法可以降低计算成本,但无法处理联邦数据。分布式PCA算法已被开发用于处理联邦数据,但当每个站点的数据非常大时,计算效率不高。在本文中,我们提出了快速分布(FAst DIstributed, FADI)主成分分析方法,该方法使用多个随机草图对特定站点的数据进行快速主成分分析,并跨站点汇总结果。摘要:序贯过程监控具有广泛的应用前景。在实践中,要监测的过程特征往往具有很高的维度,部分原因是由于数据采集技术的快速发展。因此,用于监测高维过程的统计过程控制(SPC)研究近年来得到了迅速发展。大多数现有的用于监控高维过程的SPC图都是为传统情况而设计的,在这种情况下,不同时间点的控制(IC)过程观测被假设为独立且均匀分布。然而,在实践中,序列相关性几乎总是存在于观测到的序列数据中,并且要监测的过程的纵向模式可能是动态的,因为其IC分布会随时间而变化(例如,季节性)。在本文中,我们开发了一种新的SPC图用于监控高维动态过程。该方法基于非参数纵向建模来描述监测过程的纵向模式,基于主成分分析来降维,基于顺序学习算法来制定有效的决策规则。它能很好地适应时变IC工艺分布、序列数据相关和非参数数据分布。该方法已被证明是有效的空气污染监测方法。摘要:利用观察性数据估计治疗效果对于许多生物医学应用具有重要意义。特别是,对许多生物医学研究人员来说,治疗效果的可解释性是可取的。本文首先进行了理论分析,提出了在强可忽略性假设下平均处理效果估计偏差的上界。提出的上界由两部分组成:事实结果的训练误差,以及处理分布和控制分布之间的距离。流行病学、生物统计学和数据科学是包含各种实质性领域的广泛学科。其中的共同点是关注解决复杂问题的定量方法。当实质性领域是卫生和保健时,这种重叠进一步巩固。这些学科的研究人员精通统计学、数据管理和分析、健康和医学,仅举几例。然而,这些领域有一些重要的,也许是相互排斥的属性,需要更紧密的集成。例如,流行病学家在研究设计、测量和因果推理的艺术方面接受了大量的培训。 生物统计学家精通方法论技术的理论和应用,以及公共卫生研究的设计和实施。数据科学家在高维数据的计算和可视化方法方面接受同样严格的训练。与数据科学家相比,流行病学家和生物统计学家在计算机科学和信息学方面的专业知识可能较少,而数据科学家可能受益于研究设计和因果推理的工作知识。合作和交叉培训提供了分享和学习这些领域的结构、框架、理论和方法的机会,目的是为解决健康和医疗保健领域的挑战性问题提供新鲜和创新的视角。在本文中,我们首先描述了这些领域的演变,重点关注它们在电子健康数据时代的融合,特别是电子医疗记录(emr)。接下来,我们将介绍协作团队如何设计、分析和实施基于电子病历的研究。最后,我们回顾了主要流行病学、生物统计学和数据科学培训项目的课程,找出差距并为该领域的发展提供建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting
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