Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/87560879241264460
Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan, Piyada Areerug, Mohammad Hossein Azarian, Chumphon Laungchaisri
This work investigates the feasibility of using scrap poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) film derived from laminated glass factories as an ion-conductive interlayer film for producing electrochromic glass. The process uses PVB films made from masterbatches containing 10 to 60 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The investigation focused on how LiTFSI loading affected both the PVB masterbatches and the final PVB films. Higher LiTFSI loading correlated with increased ionic conductivity. The best electrochromic devices are obtained when the PVB films are directly prepared from the masterbatch without additional PVB flakes dilution during extrusion. The highest ionic conductivity 2.72 × 10−4 S/cm, is achieved from a masterbatch containing neat PVB and scrap PVB flakes with 60 wt% LiTFSI. Additionally, LiTFSI acted as a plasticizer for PVB, lowering the glass transition temperature and increasing the PVB film percent elongation.
{"title":"Effects of Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide loading on thermal, mechanical and ion conducting properties of specialty interlayer films derived from scrap Polyvinyl butyral","authors":"Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan, Piyada Areerug, Mohammad Hossein Azarian, Chumphon Laungchaisri","doi":"10.1177/87560879241264460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241264460","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the feasibility of using scrap poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) film derived from laminated glass factories as an ion-conductive interlayer film for producing electrochromic glass. The process uses PVB films made from masterbatches containing 10 to 60 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The investigation focused on how LiTFSI loading affected both the PVB masterbatches and the final PVB films. Higher LiTFSI loading correlated with increased ionic conductivity. The best electrochromic devices are obtained when the PVB films are directly prepared from the masterbatch without additional PVB flakes dilution during extrusion. The highest ionic conductivity 2.72 × 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup> S/cm, is achieved from a masterbatch containing neat PVB and scrap PVB flakes with 60 wt% LiTFSI. Additionally, LiTFSI acted as a plasticizer for PVB, lowering the glass transition temperature and increasing the PVB film percent elongation.","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1177/87560879241261863
Mark J Anderson
{"title":"Making the most from measuring counts","authors":"Mark J Anderson","doi":"10.1177/87560879241261863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241261863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/87560879241252941
A Hanif, S Khaliq, Z Abbas
Reverse roll coating is a high-speed coating process used in many applications. The single largest application for reverse roll coating is applying architectural paint to coils of sheet metal; however, in the converting industry reverse roll coating is used for some thermal coatings, adhesives, color laser paper receivers, wax coatings, magnetic coatings, vinyl dispersions for wallcovering, some specialty light sensitive applications, and many specialty products that require a high precision application process. This work presents a mathematical model for the steady flow of non-isothermal, incompressible, micropolar fluid in the metering nip of a reverse roll coater with velocity slip applied at both roll’s surfaces. Lubrication approximation theory (LAT) is utilized to reduce the complexity of the non-dimensional equations. Exact solutions for pressure gradient, velocity, and temperature are achieved. At the same time, numerical techniques (Simpson’s 3/8 rule with Newton Raphson method) are used to compute the pressure distribution, coating thickness, flow rate, and separation points. Effects of coupling number, slip parameter, microrotation, and velocity ratio on velocity, pressure, temperature, and pressure gradient are presented in graphs. It is observed from the current analysis that the intrinsic rotations of the fluid particles prove to be the controlling parameter of the pressure gradient, which significantly varies the coating thickness. Also, as a result of velocity slip, the flow rate declines and the coating thickness reduces as the fluid moves faster along the boundary walls.
反向辊涂是一种高速涂覆工艺，应用广泛。反向辊涂的最大应用是将建筑涂料涂覆到金属板卷材上；然而，在加工业中，反向辊涂还用于某些热涂料、粘合剂、彩色激光纸接收器、蜡涂料、磁性涂料、用于墙纸的乙烯基分散体、某些特殊光敏应用以及许多需要高精度涂覆工艺的特殊产品。本研究提出了一个数学模型，用于非等温、不可压缩、微极性流体在反向辊涂机计量压区的稳定流动，两辊表面均有速度滑移。利用润滑近似理论（LAT）降低了非尺寸方程的复杂性。实现了压力梯度、速度和温度的精确求解。同时，利用数值技术（Simpson's 3/8 规则与 Newton Raphson 方法）计算压力分布、涂层厚度、流速和分离点。耦合数、滑移参数、微气浮和速度比对速度、压力、温度和压力梯度的影响用图表表示。从目前的分析中可以看出，流体颗粒的固有旋转被证明是压力梯度的控制参数，会显著改变涂层厚度。此外，由于速度滑移，当流体沿边界壁快速移动时，流速下降，涂层厚度减小。
{"title":"Coating of micropolar fluid during non-isothermal reverse roll coating phenomena","authors":"A Hanif, S Khaliq, Z Abbas","doi":"10.1177/87560879241252941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241252941","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse roll coating is a high-speed coating process used in many applications. The single largest application for reverse roll coating is applying architectural paint to coils of sheet metal; however, in the converting industry reverse roll coating is used for some thermal coatings, adhesives, color laser paper receivers, wax coatings, magnetic coatings, vinyl dispersions for wallcovering, some specialty light sensitive applications, and many specialty products that require a high precision application process. This work presents a mathematical model for the steady flow of non-isothermal, incompressible, micropolar fluid in the metering nip of a reverse roll coater with velocity slip applied at both roll’s surfaces. Lubrication approximation theory (LAT) is utilized to reduce the complexity of the non-dimensional equations. Exact solutions for pressure gradient, velocity, and temperature are achieved. At the same time, numerical techniques (Simpson’s 3/8 rule with Newton Raphson method) are used to compute the pressure distribution, coating thickness, flow rate, and separation points. Effects of coupling number, slip parameter, microrotation, and velocity ratio on velocity, pressure, temperature, and pressure gradient are presented in graphs. It is observed from the current analysis that the intrinsic rotations of the fluid particles prove to be the controlling parameter of the pressure gradient, which significantly varies the coating thickness. Also, as a result of velocity slip, the flow rate declines and the coating thickness reduces as the fluid moves faster along the boundary walls.","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1177/87560879241247075
Carlos Henrique Michelin Beraldo, Augusto Versteg, Nico Scharnagl, Thiago Ferreira da Conceição
Partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) as anticorrosive coating for AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Four phosphoric acid levels were used to modify PVA, resulting in four PPVA products. They were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), and swelling test. PPVA-coated Mg alloys were evaluated using hydrogen evolution, cathodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TGA indirectly revealed crosslinked regions in the PPVA structure that increased with acid content. WCA and hydrogen evolution tests suggested that PPVA is a promising polymer for biomedical applications. Corrosion tests showed that the PPVA with 10% acid addition significantly improved the impedance modulus and lowered the cathodic kinetics compared to uncoated samples. The findings of the study suggested that the acid addition in PVA must be at least 10 % to guarantee improved corrosion resistance in HBSS, which indicates this material has potential for biological applications.
{"title":"Partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) – A promising candidate in corrosion protection of magnesium for the biomedical industry?","authors":"Carlos Henrique Michelin Beraldo, Augusto Versteg, Nico Scharnagl, Thiago Ferreira da Conceição","doi":"10.1177/87560879241247075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241247075","url":null,"abstract":"Partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) as anticorrosive coating for AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Four phosphoric acid levels were used to modify PVA, resulting in four PPVA products. They were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), and swelling test. PPVA-coated Mg alloys were evaluated using hydrogen evolution, cathodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TGA indirectly revealed crosslinked regions in the PPVA structure that increased with acid content. WCA and hydrogen evolution tests suggested that PPVA is a promising polymer for biomedical applications. Corrosion tests showed that the PPVA with 10% acid addition significantly improved the impedance modulus and lowered the cathodic kinetics compared to uncoated samples. The findings of the study suggested that the acid addition in PVA must be at least 10 % to guarantee improved corrosion resistance in HBSS, which indicates this material has potential for biological applications.","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have investigated a self-healing thermally conductive Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) hot melt adhesive (NAEDS, which denotes the addition of nano-alumina and disulfide bonded EVA hot melt adhesives) that can be used to effectively solve adhesive layer separation problem in photovoltaic (PV) modules and the difficulty of recycling. More specifically, we used diallyl disulfide as a cross-linking agent for EVA and alumina nanofillers as a reinforcing phase. The nano alumina filler gave the EVA better thermal conductivity. We used FTIR, SEM, and DSC to characterize and analyze NAEDS properties. The disulfide bonds in NAEDS underwent a rearrangement reaction under ultraviolet light, resulting in the self-healing of the resin (self-healing efficiency of 78.8%). The added nano alumina not only reduced the resin curing activation energy, improving its curing performance but also enhanced its thermal conductivity, achieving a 2.61 W/(m*k) thermal conductivity coefficient. The overall NAEDS performance is improved.
我们研究了一种自愈合导热乙烯-醋酸乙烯（EVA）热熔胶（NAEDS，表示添加纳米氧化铝和二硫化物粘合的 EVA 热熔胶），它可用于有效解决光伏（PV）模块中的胶层分离问题和回收困难问题。具体而言，我们使用二烯丙基二硫化物作为 EVA 的交联剂，并使用纳米氧化铝填料作为增强相。纳米氧化铝填料使 EVA 具有更好的导热性。我们使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电热恒温分析仪（DSC）来表征和分析 NAEDS 的特性。在紫外线照射下，NAEDS中的二硫键发生了重排反应，从而实现了树脂的自愈合（自愈合效率为78.8%）。添加的纳米氧化铝不仅降低了树脂的固化活化能，改善了其固化性能，还提高了其导热性能，导热系数达到 2.61 W/（m*k）。NAEDS 的整体性能得到了改善。
{"title":"The curing kinetics and properties of self-healing and thermally conductive polymeric composites based on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer filled with nano alumina","authors":"Hongyi Lin, Yuchi Zhang, Renjin Gao, Liwei Wang, Jianrong Xia, Hanyu Xue","doi":"10.1177/87560879241251901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241251901","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated a self-healing thermally conductive Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) hot melt adhesive (NAEDS, which denotes the addition of nano-alumina and disulfide bonded EVA hot melt adhesives) that can be used to effectively solve adhesive layer separation problem in photovoltaic (PV) modules and the difficulty of recycling. More specifically, we used diallyl disulfide as a cross-linking agent for EVA and alumina nanofillers as a reinforcing phase. The nano alumina filler gave the EVA better thermal conductivity. We used FTIR, SEM, and DSC to characterize and analyze NAEDS properties. The disulfide bonds in NAEDS underwent a rearrangement reaction under ultraviolet light, resulting in the self-healing of the resin (self-healing efficiency of 78.8%). The added nano alumina not only reduced the resin curing activation energy, improving its curing performance but also enhanced its thermal conductivity, achieving a 2.61 W/(m*k) thermal conductivity coefficient. The overall NAEDS performance is improved.","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1177/87560879241240242
Mark J Anderson
{"title":"Know the SCOR for a winning strategy of experimentation","authors":"Mark J Anderson","doi":"10.1177/87560879241240242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241240242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1177/87560879241240243
Huqiu Zhang
{"title":"Global food contact regulation updates for first quarter 2024","authors":"Huqiu Zhang","doi":"10.1177/87560879241240243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241240243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140116972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1177/87560879241238858
{"title":"Industry News","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/87560879241238858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241238858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/87560879241235640
Len Czuba
Flexible intravenous solution containers (IV bags) were introduced to the marketplace in the early 1970s. These new containers were designed to replace glass IV bottles and were quickly adopted widely for delivering medical solutions to patients throughout the world. The 40 years during which commercially available IV solutions in glass bottles were used, the healthcare industry grew dramatically with better patient outcomes while also reducing operational costs. These early developments then led to the rapid expansion of new medical devices that have been further developed to improve healthcare and reduce overall costs of the products and devices. It is not an exaggeration to suggest that the medical device industry was founded on the development of the flexible poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic IV tubing and bag. After the IV bag product lines grew to serve many markets, a new unmet need was discovered for an aseptically produced premixed drug container. This article will review how a new film was developed and used to produce the required aseptically made IV premixed drug product. It was, after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave “clearance to market”, a ground-breaking product, never before thought possible for the highly FDA-regulated and controlled industry.
20 世纪 70 年代初，市场上出现了柔性静脉注射液容器（静脉注射袋）。这些新型容器旨在取代玻璃输液瓶，并很快被广泛采用，为世界各地的患者提供医疗解决方案。在使用市售玻璃瓶静脉注射液的 40 年间，医疗保健行业取得了显著的发展，患者的治疗效果得到了改善，同时也降低了运营成本。这些早期的发展促使新型医疗设备迅速发展，并得到进一步开发，从而改善了医疗服务，降低了产品和设备的总体成本。毫不夸张地说，医疗器械行业是建立在柔性聚氯乙烯（PVC）塑料输液管和输液袋的发展基础上的。在静脉输液袋产品线发展壮大并服务于众多市场后，人们发现了一种无菌生产的预混药物容器，这是新的未满足需求。本文将回顾一种新型薄膜是如何开发并用于生产所需的无菌静脉注射预混药物产品的。在食品与药物管理局（FDA）批准 "上市 "后，这是一种开创性的产品，对于高度受 FDA 监管和控制的行业来说，这是前所未有的。
{"title":"Development of a multilayer film for the first US Food and Drug Administration cleared aseptically-produced intravenous solution bags with a short history of key medical device milestones","authors":"Len Czuba","doi":"10.1177/87560879241235640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87560879241235640","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible intravenous solution containers (IV bags) were introduced to the marketplace in the early 1970s. These new containers were designed to replace glass IV bottles and were quickly adopted widely for delivering medical solutions to patients throughout the world. The 40 years during which commercially available IV solutions in glass bottles were used, the healthcare industry grew dramatically with better patient outcomes while also reducing operational costs. These early developments then led to the rapid expansion of new medical devices that have been further developed to improve healthcare and reduce overall costs of the products and devices. It is not an exaggeration to suggest that the medical device industry was founded on the development of the flexible poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic IV tubing and bag. After the IV bag product lines grew to serve many markets, a new unmet need was discovered for an aseptically produced premixed drug container. This article will review how a new film was developed and used to produce the required aseptically made IV premixed drug product. It was, after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave “clearance to market”, a ground-breaking product, never before thought possible for the highly FDA-regulated and controlled industry.","PeriodicalId":16823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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