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Effectiveness of reinforcement on soil subsidence 加固对土壤沉降的有效性
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-107-115
A. Tulebekova, G. Tanyrbergenova, A. Zhankina, G. Baizakova
The application of methods of improvement of ground bases in subsidence areas is an urgent issue today. This is evidenced by the continuing difficulties with the operation of transport structures. This study presents experimental studies of soil reinforcement. An important factor is to determine the properties of the soil, so the paper presents the results of laboratory tests. The angle of internal friction and the deformation increases to a greater extent when the reinforcing element is embedded in the ground, which will increase the bearing capacity of the foundations and reduce the deformability and settlement of the soil mass. The use of a reinforcing element in the ground not only makes it possible to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the soil but also gives an economic effect. It allows you to reduce the cost of the volume of earthworks. The results obtained in this study have considerable potential for eliminating problems arising from the construction of structures in subsidence areas.
塌陷区地基改善方法的应用是当前迫切需要解决的问题。运输结构的操作仍然存在困难就是证明。本文介绍了土壤加固的试验研究。一个重要的因素是确定土壤的性质,因此本文介绍了实验室试验的结果。当加筋单元嵌入地基时,内摩擦角和变形增大的程度更大,这将增加地基的承载能力,降低土体的变形能力和沉降。在地基中使用加固元素不仅可以改善土壤的物理和机械性能,而且还可以产生经济效果。它可以让你减少土方工程的体积成本。本研究的结果对于消除沉陷区构筑物施工所产生的问题具有相当大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Еnvironmental assessment of the impact of mixed fuel on the main indicators of diesel engines Еnvironmental混合燃料对柴油机主要指标的影响评估
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-89-97
A. Karazhanov, Zh. Alipbayev, U. Kokaev, A. Zabieva, S. Torebekova
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of existing types of alternative fuels, including in-depth studies of chemical and physical properties. According to the results of the study, dimethyl ether was selected. When mixing a certain amount of dimethyl alcohol with diesel fuel and using the resulting mixture to evaluate engine performance, a linear regression analysis method was used. Finding the values of linear regression coefficients was carried out using an application software package (MATLAB) to solve technical calculation problems. Studies have shown that the addition of one third of dimethyl ether to diesel fuel is the most effective additive for reducing the residual gases emitted by diesel engines. A decrease in the indicators of residual gases leads to an improvement in environmental indicators.
本文对现有的替代燃料类型进行了全面的分析,包括对化学和物理特性的深入研究。根据研究结果,选择了二甲醚。将一定量的二甲醇与柴油混合,利用混合后的混合物对发动机性能进行评价,采用线性回归分析方法。利用应用软件包(MATLAB)求解线性回归系数的取值,解决技术计算问题。研究表明,在柴油中加入三分之一的二甲醚是减少柴油机残余气体排放最有效的添加剂。残余气体指标的降低导致环境指标的改善。
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引用次数: 0
The Experimental Investigation of a New Design of Stirred Media Mill 一种新型搅拌介质磨机的试验研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2022-142-1-32-43
S. Baigereyev, G. Guryanov, O. Vasilyeva
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the need to improve the efficiency of material grinding processes has increased. One of the criteria for the effectiveness of the process is the product fineness. There are various types of mills for grinding materials, one of which is stirred media mills. The article presents the results of experimental studies of a new design of stirred media mill on the example of sand particles size reduction. The principle of operation of the new mill is based on the organization of complex radial and axial impact on the particles of the material by grinding balls. To ensure this principle, a typical stirred media mill design includes an ellipsoidal rotor and a vibratory drive with springs. The results of the study demonstrated that the maximal product fineness of the mill with an initial sand particle size of 100 μm accounted for 2.32 μm, which is 2.6 times higher than the product fineness obtained in typical stirred media mill designs.
随着纳米技术的快速发展,人们对提高材料磨削加工效率的要求越来越高。工艺效果的标准之一是产品的细度。粉碎物料的磨机有多种类型,其中一种是搅拌介质磨机。本文以减砂为例,介绍了一种新型搅拌介质磨机的试验研究结果。新型磨机的工作原理是基于磨球对物料颗粒的复杂径向和轴向冲击的组织。为了保证这一原则,一个典型的搅拌介质磨机设计包括一个椭球转子和一个带弹簧的振动驱动器。研究结果表明,初始砂粒度为100 μm时,磨机的最大产品细度为2.32 μm,是典型搅拌介质磨机的2.6倍;
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引用次数: 0
Design and calculation of a press for the production of safflower oil 红花榨油机的设计与计算
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-74-88
M. Mursalykova, M. Kakimov, L. Kassenov, B. Lobassenko, B. Iskakov
Recently, the demand for safflower products has been growing from year to year, which includes an increase in acreage and the popularity of safflower oil among consumers. In this article, based on scientific research, a screw press for the production of safflower oil was considered. The method of regulating the pressure difference of pressing by means of gaps between the screw and the core cylinder is given. A mathematical and nomogram model is proposed, which gives qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the press. As the literature reviews of studies conducted in the modern world and the Republic of Kazakhstan have shown, we will focus on the differences and features of the press, including of a fundamental nature from modern analogues of screw equipment. In any industry, the screw device is a unique working tool of wide application, since it simultaneously and continuously performs several functions. Therefore, the mathematical nature of the screw device, including the pressing screw device, is so complex that in all works in the literary review, due to their target features, they are limited to individual solutions. A feature of the work is not only mathematical, but also nomogram modeling, which allows you to choose the optimal pressure difference and productivity, taking into account the geometric design of the press screw and the seed cylinder and the structural and mechanical properties of raw materials.
最近,对红花产品的需求逐年增长,包括种植面积的增加和消费者对红花油的喜爱。本文在科学研究的基础上,对螺旋榨油机生产红花油进行了研究。给出了利用螺杆与芯筒间隙调节压紧压差的方法。提出了一个数学模型和模态图模型,给出了压力机的定性和定量特征。正如在现代世界和哈萨克斯坦共和国进行的研究的文献综述所显示的那样,我们将把重点放在压力机的差异和特点上,包括与现代螺杆设备类似物的基本性质。在任何行业中,螺杆装置都是一种独特的广泛应用的工作工具,因为它同时连续地执行几种功能。因此,螺杆装置,包括压螺杆装置的数学性质是如此复杂,以至于在文献综述中的所有作品中,由于它们的目标特征,它们仅限于个别的解。这项工作的一个特点不仅是数学,而且是nomogram modeling,它可以让你选择最优的压差和生产率,同时考虑到压螺杆和种筒的几何设计以及原材料的结构和机械性能。
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引用次数: 0
Principles of harmonization of the natural environment in architectural space 建筑空间中自然环境的协调原则
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-146-156
Ye. Duysebay, R. Bokachyov
The reason for writing this article was long-term residence in the city, with a number of negative factors, both natural and anthropogenic. Being an integral part of nature, man managed to plunder its wealth, directing everything to his needs. Moreover, changing the environment to suit his needs, he in no way thought about the consequences, polluting the air, land and water every day, and also depriving nature of the opportunity to put itself in order. Thus, environmental problems have become especially relevant in our time. There have always been enthusiasts trying to help and fix the problem of pollution, but on a global scale, the search for a solution has been relatively recent. The first major changes can be considered the projects of new master plans and reconstructions of large cities in Europe in the 19th century. So decisions were made to separate the industrial and residential areas, as well as the introduction of park areas in the residential part of the city. Parks, which for the most part were a luxury item, being only on the estates of rich people, have now reached the masses, thereby providing ordinary people with access to a more environmentally friendly area, and also gave rise to a new vector of architectural development, which resulted a hundred years later in the work of Frank Lloyd Wright and his concept of "prairie houses". Architecture, being one of the largest instruments of influence on public life, has hoisted the banner to bring the idea of unity with nature into society. This will embody the ideas of harmony between man and nature, will improve the microclimate both in a single apartment and in the city as a whole, will set a trend for preserving nature and correcting existing mistakes. Astana, a city that does not have natural features that would create favorable weather and climate conditions, such as the Alps in Switzerland, or dense forests, as in Russia. The location in an open field makes it necessary to take a more careful approach to improving the microclimate in the city.
写这篇文章的原因是长期居住在这个城市,有一些负面因素,自然和人为的。作为自然不可分割的一部分,人类设法掠夺自然的财富,使一切都满足自己的需要。而且,为了满足自己的需要而改变环境,他从来没有考虑过后果,每天污染空气、土地和水,也剥夺了大自然恢复秩序的机会。因此,环境问题在我们这个时代变得尤为重要。一直有热心人士试图帮助解决污染问题,但在全球范围内,寻找解决方案的时间相对较短。第一次重大变化可以被认为是19世纪欧洲大城市的新总体规划和重建项目。因此,决定将工业区和住宅区分开,并在城市的住宅区引入公园区域。公园在很大程度上是一种奢侈品,只存在于富人的庄园里,现在已经进入了大众,从而为普通人提供了一个更环保的地区,也产生了一种新的建筑发展载体,这导致了一百年后弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特的工作和他的“草原房屋”的概念。建筑作为影响公共生活的最大工具之一,已经将与自然统一的理念带入社会。这将体现人与自然和谐相处的理念,将改善单个公寓和整个城市的小气候,将树立保护自然和纠正现有错误的趋势。阿斯塔纳,一个既没有瑞士阿尔卑斯山那样的自然地貌,也没有俄罗斯那样的茂密森林,无法创造有利天气和气候条件的城市。该项目位于开阔的场地,因此有必要采取更谨慎的方法来改善城市的小气候。
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引用次数: 0
Renovation and modernization issues of residential development in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦住宅开发的改造和现代化问题
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-44-55
N. Sarzhanov, A. Abdrakhman
Mass urban development in Kazakhstan has been the subject of discussions and scientific research for many years. Unsatisfactory housing conditions, unhealthy urban environment require specific proposals for housing renovation. This study reveals the specifics of mass housing in Kazakhstan and determines the feasibility of residential buildings’ renovation. Despite the fact that specialists from the economic, social and architectural fields of sciences have studied the topic, there is still ambiguity in solving the following issues: renovation strategy in the country; the possibility of residential buildings' renovation; types of residential buildings to be renovated. As a result of a comparative analysis of design materials, literary sources and statistical data, the authors determined the classification of multi-apartment residential buildings of mass series in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This classification combines the chronological order of construction, the type of structural scheme of buildings and the name of the series of residential buildings. The systematization of statistical data of the housing stock by various parameters made it possible to identify, with a small error, the proportion of multi-apartment housing subject to renovation. In addition, this work generally reveals the problem of renovation in the country related to the structure of the housing stock, the peculiarity of housing and communal services and the process of architectural and urban planning design.
哈萨克斯坦的大规模城市发展是多年来讨论和科学研究的主题。住房条件不理想,城市环境不健康,需要提出具体的住房改造建议。本研究揭示了哈萨克斯坦大众住宅的特点,确定了住宅建筑改造的可行性。尽管来自经济、社会和建筑科学领域的专家已经研究了这一主题,但在解决以下问题时仍然存在歧义:国家的改造战略;住宅建筑改造的可能性;待改造住宅的类型。通过对设计材料、文献资料和统计数据的比较分析,作者确定了哈萨克斯坦共和国群众系列多公寓住宅建筑的分类。这种分类结合了建筑的时间顺序、建筑结构方案的类型和住宅建筑系列的名称。通过各种参数对存量住房的统计数据进行系统化处理,可以在很小的误差下确定需要改造的多户型住房的比例。此外,这项工作总体上揭示了该国与住房存量结构、住房和公共服务的特殊性以及建筑和城市规划设计过程有关的改造问题。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental determination on cleaning the exhaust gas of an automobile muffler by an electric pulse 电脉冲清洗汽车消声器废气的实验测定
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-23-31
Y. Kryuchkov, A. Kukesheva, A. Kadyrov, B. Kurmasheva, K. Sinelnikov
Nowadays, creating an environmentally reliable car by reducing the volume of harmful gases in it is a global problem of mankind. For this reason, one of the main areas of research is to improve the exhaust gas cleaning system of internal combustion engines. However, to date, there are no universal designs that would improve the performance of the purification system. In this regard, the development of new vehicle exhaust system designs based on an effective cleaning method is an urgent task. The article highlights the results of scientific and experimental research of the authors on the development of new designs of automobile exhaust muffler working on the basis of the method of electro-pulsed cleaning, designed to reduce the concentration of harmful exhaust gases. The developed experimental installation of the electric-pulse muffler performs gas purification by feeding an electric shock discharge to the electrodes installed in the muffler. The experimental data obtained show changes in the gas transparency depending on changes in the distance between the electrodes. Regression-correlation analysis established empirical dependences of gas transparency values on changes in the distance between the electrodes.
如今,通过减少有害气体的体积来创造一种环境可靠的汽车是人类的一个全球性问题。为此,改进内燃机排气净化系统是目前研究的主要领域之一。然而,到目前为止,还没有通用的设计,将提高净化系统的性能。在这方面,开发基于有效清洁方法的新型汽车排气系统设计是一项紧迫的任务。本文重点介绍了作者在开发基于电脉冲清洗法的汽车排气消声器的新设计方面的科学研究和实验研究成果,旨在降低有害废气的浓度。研制的电脉冲消声器实验装置通过向消声器内的电极输入电击放电来净化气体。得到的实验数据表明,气体透明度的变化取决于电极之间距离的变化。回归相关分析建立了气体透明度值与电极之间距离变化的经验依赖关系。
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引用次数: 0
Finite Element Investigation of Anisotropic Circular Plates 各向异性圆板的有限元研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-7-22
V. Kaliakin
The mathematical modeling and finite element analysis of solid circular plates, analyzed using continuum finite elements under conditions of axisymmetry, is investigated in this paper. Both isotropic and anisotropic material characterizations are considered. Once a suitable “baseline” model is developed, parametric analyses are performed so as to gain insight into the behavior of anisotropic solid circular plates.
本文采用连续体有限元法对轴对称条件下的实心圆板进行了数学建模和有限元分析。考虑了各向同性和各向异性材料的特性。一旦建立了合适的“基线”模型,就可以进行参数分析,以便深入了解各向异性固体圆板的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a multi-agent system for operational management of smart city housing and communal services resources in real time 开发智能城市住房和公共服务资源实时运营管理的多智能体系统
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-127-136
Zh.B. Akhayeva, А. Zakirova, G. Tolegenova, L. Aldasheva
The principles of the development of a multi-agent system designed to manage the resources of the housing and communal services of a smart city in real time are described. The multi-agent system provides the ability to flexibly respond to unforeseen events arising in the working process, which allows you to plan, optimize and monitor the work of personnel and housing and communal services equipment in real time. The developed method of adaptive resource planning, the main functions, architecture and interface of the system are presented. It is shown that the introduction of an intelligent system makes it possible to complete the work in optimal time.
介绍了一种多智能体系统的开发原理,该系统用于实时管理智慧城市的住房和公共服务资源。多代理系统提供了灵活响应工作过程中出现的不可预见事件的能力,使您能够实时规划、优化和监控人员、住房和公共服务设备的工作。介绍了自适应资源规划的开发方法、系统的主要功能、体系结构和接口。结果表明,智能系统的引入使得在最佳时间内完成工作成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Ways to optimize long-distance, local and suburban passenger transportation in modern conditions 现代条件下的长途、本地和近郊客运优化方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-165-172
L. Vakhitova, Zhanar Altayeva, D. Utegenov, T. Sagymbayev
In this article, the authors consider the issue of optimizing passenger transportation by rail in terms of competition with other modes of transport that carry passengers both on the territory of Kazakhstan (local and suburban passenger transportation) and in the international direction. The analysis of the current state of passenger transportation in the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out, divided by types of transport. The trends of changes in passenger traffic by the main modes of transport of the Republic of Kazakhstan are studied. The main priority directions of the development of railway passenger transport are highlighted, which can increase the demand for passenger transportation. The foreign experience of implementation and features of implementation of projects of high-speed and high-speed movement of passenger trains of developed countries are considered. Recommendations of the most cost-effective approach to increasing the speeds of passenger trains on the railway transport network are presented.
在本文中,作者从与哈萨克斯坦境内(本地和郊区客运)和国际方向上运载乘客的其他运输方式的竞争角度考虑了铁路客运优化问题。对哈萨克斯坦共和国的客运现状进行了分析,并按运输类型进行了划分。研究了哈萨克斯坦共和国主要运输方式的客运量变化趋势。强调了铁路客运发展的主要优先方向,可以增加客运需求。综合考虑了国外高速客运项目的实施经验和发达国家高速客运项目的实施特点。提出了提高铁路运输网客运列车速度的最具成本效益的方法建议。
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引用次数: 0
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