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Current state of the wheel - rail interaction system 轮轨相互作用系统的现状
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-72-78
U. Bakyt, A. Karazhanov, Zh. Alipbayev, S. Torebekova
The article considers the current state of stable interaction of the wheel-rail system, one of the main and resource-intensive problems that has long remained acute in the field of railway transport. The types of wear between the wheel and the rail have been thoroughly studied, and the results are shown in a graph and diagram. It can be seen from the results that intensive wear of the rolling surface of wheels and rails on curved sections of the road prevails over other types of wear. So far, many proposals have been proposed and work has been done to prevent this wear and tear. However, the work done clearly showed that it was not possible to completely solve the problem of intensive wear of wheels and rails on curves. The costs of material resources associated with excessive wear of the wheel-rail system in the locomotive, wagon and road facilities, primarily on curved sections of the track, are at a fairly high level. Therefore, it is necessary to continue work on their reduction.
本文考虑了轮轨系统稳定相互作用的现状,这是铁路运输领域长期存在的主要问题之一,也是资源密集型问题。对轮轨之间的磨损类型进行了深入的研究,并以图形和图表的形式显示了结果。从结果可以看出,在道路弯曲路段,轮轨滚动面的剧烈磨损比其他类型的磨损更为严重。到目前为止,已经提出了许多建议,并且已经做了很多工作来防止这种磨损。然而,所做的工作清楚地表明,不可能完全解决弯道上轮轨剧烈磨损的问题。机车、货车和道路设施中轮轨系统(主要是轨道的弯曲路段)的过度磨损所带来的物质资源成本处于相当高的水平。因此,有必要继续减少它们的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the stress-strain state of the loaded assembly for friction welded device 摩擦焊接装置加载组件应力-应变状态研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-225-236
N. Abisheva, K. Sherov, T. Nasad, M. Usserbayev, D. Abulkhairov, I. Sagynganova, A.B. Yerzhanova
This article presents the results of the study of methods for friction welding of dissimilar materials and the calculations to determine the structural strength of the most loaded part of a special friction welding device were made. The analysis showed that the friction welding method has wide technological capabilities and it is used in various industries. The designs of existing devices and machines for friction welding were also investigated. It was revealed that the method of friction welding in the conditions of machine-building plants of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) has not found application due to the little knowledge and high cost of technological equipment. The authors have developed a special device for friction welding of dissimilar materials. To optimize the parameters of the parts, in particular the bracket part, the stress-strain state calculations were performed using the ANSYS software package and the strength calculation by determining the acting external critical loads. The results of the calculation showed the applicability of the developed design of the bracket part.
本文介绍了异种材料摩擦焊接方法的研究结果,并对一种特殊摩擦焊接装置最大载荷部分的结构强度进行了计算。分析表明,摩擦焊接技术具有广泛的技术能力,在各行业都有广泛的应用。对现有摩擦焊装置和机械的设计进行了研究。据透露,在哈萨克斯坦共和国(RK)的机械制造厂的条件下,由于技术设备的知识少和成本高,摩擦焊接方法尚未得到应用。研制了一种用于异种材料摩擦焊接的专用装置。为了优化零件参数,特别是支架零件,利用ANSYS软件包进行应力应变状态计算,并通过确定作用外临界载荷进行强度计算。计算结果表明了支架部分开发设计的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of compaction conditions on the liquefaction characteristics of pumice sand with non-plastic fines 压实条件对非塑性细粒浮石砂液化特性的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-8-18
Y. Watabe
In this study, the liquefaction characteristics of pumice sand were investigated focusing on the relationship with compaction conditions. The new findings obtained in this study are summarized as follows. In the pumice sand with a large amount of non-plastic fines, liquefaction resistance RL20 can be expected to be only about 0.2 at a degree of compaction of 90%, however, it can be increased to be 0.3 or more if the soil is densified by compaction up to degree of compaction of 95% or more. In addition, the skeletal structure is also important even at the same dry density, and a higher liquefaction resistance can be expected under the compaction conditions on a dryer condition in water content at compaction. On the other hand, the tenacity for deformation in liquefaction under cyclic loading may be lost in the compaction conditions on the dryer condition, so the tenacity for liquefaction should also be noted.
研究了浮石砂的液化特性,重点研究了其与压实条件的关系。本研究的新发现总结如下:在含有大量非塑性细粒的浮石砂中,当压实度为90%时,其抗液化能力RL20仅为0.2左右,而当压实度达到95%以上时,其抗液化能力RL20可提高到0.3以上。此外,即使在相同的干密度下,骨架结构也很重要,并且在干燥条件下的压实条件下,压实含水量可以预期更高的抗液化能力。另一方面,循环载荷作用下的液化变形强度在干燥条件下的压实条件下可能会损失,因此也应注意液化强度。
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引用次数: 0
Intensification of the use of transport fleets of grain production complex 集约化利用运输船队进行粮食综合生产
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-167-176
I. Mizanbekov, K. Kalym, L. Lytkina
Possibilities of intensification of the use of transport parks of grain products complex by increasing their technological adaptability have been studied. As a factor, in relation to which the level of technical adaptivity of trucks was considered, a variable factor of volumetric capacity of agricultural cargo was chosen. Transportation process of grain subcomplex has its own specifics and requires optimal formation and rational use of vehicles. Given short periods, seasonality and high volume of transported cargo, as well as the fact that agriculture is mainly engaged in small and medium-sized farms that can not afford to allocate a separate rolling stock of cars only for transportation of grain crops it makes sense to explore ways of increasing technological adaptability of existing cargo vehicles in the economy to variable factors of cargo volume weight. One of the most effective and economical ways of influencing the adaptation coefficient of the vehicle to the variable volume weight factor of the cargo can be considered as changing the height of the sides of the cargo body.
通过提高粮食产品综合体运输园区的技术适应性来加强其使用的可能性已经进行了研究。作为考虑卡车技术适应性水平的一个因素,选择了农业货物容量的可变因素。粮食亚综合体的运输过程有其特殊性,需要车辆的优化编队和合理使用。考虑到运输货物的周期短、季节性强、运输量大,以及农业主要以中小型农场为主,这些农场没有能力为粮食作物分配单独的车辆,因此,探索提高经济中现有货运车辆对货物体积重量可变因素的技术适应性的方法是有意义的。影响车辆对货物可变体积重量系数的适应系数的最有效、最经济的方法之一可以认为是改变货物车身侧面的高度。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a cpg repair kit with the application of a new tribo joint as a type of functional tuning cpg修复套件的开发,应用新型摩擦关节作为一种功能调谐
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-67-73
D. Kushaliev, R. Korabay
This article presents a new design of an innovative repair kit for vehicles. New principles and effects for reducing friction in vehicle joints are considered. The main difference of the new solution is the use of spring rings instead of ordinary compression piston rings. According to the proposed solution, a physical model was created and a patent was obtained. The main purpose of functional tuning is to increase the durability of the engine and technical indicators of the engine. The article describes the original spring rings and their working principles. In the preliminary works, it is planned to install the new technology in a practical round on an internal combustion engine and obtain new data as a result of the experiment.
本文介绍了一种新型车辆维修工具的设计。考虑了减少汽车关节摩擦的新原理和新效果。新方案的主要区别在于使用了弹簧环而不是普通的压缩活塞环。根据提出的解决方案,建立了物理模型,并获得了专利。功能性调校的主要目的是提高发动机的耐久性和发动机的技术指标。本文介绍了原弹簧环及其工作原理。在前期工作中,计划在内燃机上实际安装新技术,并通过实验获得新的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of "green" architecture of residential complexes (using the example of the Astana, Sydney) 住宅综合体“绿色”建筑的形成(以悉尼阿斯塔纳为例)
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-56-66
A.A. Toishiyeva, A.D. Toishiyeva, D. Mukanova
In this paper, as part of the study of the "green" architecture of buildings, two large developing cities of Astana and Sydney are considered, where, according to the authors, the most pronounced forms of environmental pollution, due to a number of similar reasons for their occurrence. Today it has become obvious that the natural component of the environment is noticeably decreasing in large cities of the Earth and the appeal of the world architectural community to the environmental aspects of design and construction, contributing to the comfortable, sustainable development of urban space, has been particularly relevant for the past decades. Different cities have their own ecological situation, and depending on the climatic, socio-economic conditions, the nature of the development, their effective mechanisms for optimizing the state of urban spaces are determined. Against the background of the unfavorable environmental situation in the world, in the cities of Astana and Sydney, guidelines are being created today in the direction of the formation of environmental quality, where the relevance of issues of harmonious human interaction with the natural environment increases every year. The article discusses modern projects of residential complexes "Green Quarter" and "One Central Park". As a result of their comparative analysis, it was possible to identify distinctive and similar features in the search for methods of creating "green" architecture, defining objective prerequisites and solutions for the further development of modern housing architecture.
在本文中,作为“绿色”建筑研究的一部分,考虑了阿斯塔纳和悉尼这两个大型发展中城市,根据作者的说法,由于许多类似的原因,它们的环境污染形式最为明显。今天,很明显,在地球上的大城市中,环境的自然组成部分正在显著减少,世界建筑界对设计和建造的环境方面的呼吁,有助于城市空间的舒适、可持续发展,在过去的几十年里尤为重要。不同的城市都有自己的生态状况,根据城市的气候、社会经济条件、发展性质,确定了城市空间状态优化的有效机制。在世界环境形势不利的背景下,在阿斯塔纳和悉尼等城市,今天正在制定指导方针,以形成环境质量,其中人类与自然环境的和谐互动问题的相关性每年都在增加。本文讨论了“绿色小区”和“一个中央公园”的现代住宅项目。通过比较分析,他们可以在寻找创造“绿色”建筑的方法中识别出不同的和相似的特征,为现代住宅建筑的进一步发展确定客观的先决条件和解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Reduction of vehicle vibration during the transportation of ready-mixed concrete 减少预拌混凝土运输过程中的车辆振动
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-157-164
G. Kalenov, N. Karbaev, B. Orazaliev, A. Sarsenkyzy
This article discusses the research of one of the urgent problems of transportation of binding materials by cars on domestic highways. The study examined the oscillations of cars by disturbing forces, as well as the main sources of disturbances of the oscillations of cars, i.e. road surface bumps; eccentricity, uneven movement and imbalance of the wheels; rotating parts of the engine; transmissions. The idea of the dependence of vehicle vibrations on a road with an uneven surface is traced, while usually experiencing random vibrations. The microprofile of the road is compared as a random function of the length of the road, the distance traveled is taken as the value of X, this tells us that its ordinates at any value of X are a random value. The article clearly explains the statistical characteristics of the random function in relation to the microprofile of the road. It represents the average values, which are different if averaged over the aggregate implementation or for one implementation, i.e. on time.
本文讨论了国内公路粘结材料汽车运输的一个亟待解决的问题。该研究通过干扰力考察了汽车的振动,以及汽车振动的主要干扰源,即路面颠簸;车轮偏心、运动不均匀、不平衡;发动机的旋转部件;传输。在路面不平坦的情况下,车辆的振动依赖于路面不平,而路面通常是随机振动。将道路的微轮廓作为道路长度的随机函数进行比较,所走过的距离作为X的值,这告诉我们它在X的任何值处的坐标都是随机值。本文清楚地解释了随机函数与道路微观轮廓的统计特征。它表示平均值,如果在聚合实现上取平均值,或在一个实现上取平均值,即在时间上取平均值,则会有所不同。
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引用次数: 0
Survey of overpass foundation in engineering-geological condition of Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦立交桥基础工程地质条件调查
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-116-126
Zh. Shakhmov, G. Tleulenova, Y. Utepov
The aim of the work is to present the results of the inspection of the foundations of the overpass and to determine the causes of the defects. This is a particularly relevant task for countries with a large and extensive territory, such as Kazakhstan. This area is located in the centre of Eurasia, where many international routes between Europe and Asian countries have crossed since ancient times until the present day. One of the main international highways is Yekaterinburg - Almaty (2336 km), which is one of the main transport routes between Russia and Kazakhstan. This road was intensively reconstructed in 2013. An overpass was built on the 1114-1137 km section of the Yekaterinburg - Almaty Road. Unfortunately, there was downtime in the construction process. It is therefore proposed to inspect the foundations of the structures, the subgrade soil before continuing the construction. The overpass is located in the village of Zhaltyr, Akmola region.
这项工作的目的是提出立交桥基础检查的结果,并确定缺陷的原因。对于像哈萨克斯坦这样幅员辽阔的国家来说,这是一项特别重要的任务。这个地区位于欧亚大陆的中心,自古至今,许多欧亚国家之间的国际航线都在这里经过。叶卡捷琳堡-阿拉木图是主要的国际公路之一(2336公里),这是俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦之间的主要运输路线之一。这条路在2013年进行了大规模改造。在叶卡捷琳堡-阿拉木图公路1114-1137公里路段上修建了一座立交桥。不幸的是,在施工过程中有停机时间。因此,建议在继续施工前检查结构的基础和路基土壤。这座立交桥位于阿克莫拉地区的Zhaltyr村。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive approach to concrete strength testing: combining destructive, non-destructive and wireless sensor methods 混凝土强度测试的综合方法:结合破坏性、非破坏性和无线传感器方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-98-106
I. Taubaldy, D. Akhmetov, A. Rakisheva
To assess the condition of the structures of buildings and structures it is necessary to perform a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting their performance characteristics - concrete strength, thermal conductivity and humidity of concrete, frost resistance, and water resistance. However, with a variety of controllable parameters the control of concrete strength takes a special place because the main factor of structure condition estimation is the correspondence of actual concrete strength to the design requirements. The paper presented the basic methods of concrete strength control which are used while examining the constructions of buildings and structures. The results of the experiments comparing the data obtained by destructive, non-destructive, and alternative methods were investigated. A wireless sensor of concrete strength, produced in Kazakhstan, was used when carrying out the tests with the use of smart technology. And the graphical quantitative-qualitative method "web" used by the authors allowed to determine and identify the features of each method.
为了评估建筑物和构筑物的结构状况,有必要对影响其性能特征的因素进行综合分析-混凝土强度,混凝土的导热性和湿度,抗冻性和耐水性。然而,在各种可控参数下,混凝土强度的控制占有特殊的地位,因为结构状态估计的主要因素是混凝土实际强度与设计要求的对应关系。本文介绍了建筑物和构筑物结构检验中混凝土强度控制的基本方法。实验结果比较了破坏性、非破坏性和替代方法所获得的数据。在使用智能技术进行测试时,使用了哈萨克斯坦生产的混凝土强度无线传感器。作者使用的图形定量定性方法“web”可以确定和识别每种方法的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Factors affecting the cost of grain transportion in Northern Kazakhstan 影响哈萨克斯坦北部粮食运输成本的因素
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-137-145
I. Mizanbekov, S. Bekbosynov, L. Lytkina
The article considers the factors influencing the cost calculation for thegrain transportation in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Grain production is the leading branch of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Therefore, it has great strategic importance in implementing priority state programs aimed at developing the agro-industrial complex and rural regions. In turn, the sustainable development of agriculture is the provision of the food security strategy of Kazakhstan. The grain industry is costly due to substantial production volumes, the involvement of many human resources, technical support, and transportation. Minimizing grain transportation costs by identifying factors affecting them will increase competitiveness and accelerate the development of grain logistics. When planning for harvesting and transporting grain, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of transporting agricultural goods. Finally, implications for pricing, capacity, and understanding the basis of pricing are discussed.
本文探讨了在哈萨克斯坦北部条件下影响粮食运输成本计算的因素。粮食生产是哈萨克斯坦农业的主要部门。因此,在实施旨在发展农工综合体和农村地区的国家优先计划方面具有重要的战略意义。反过来,农业的可持续发展是哈萨克斯坦粮食安全战略的规定。由于产量巨大、涉及大量人力资源、技术支持和运输,粮食工业成本高昂。找出影响粮食运输成本的因素,最大限度地降低粮食运输成本,提高粮食物流的竞争力,加快粮食物流的发展。在规划粮食的收获和运输时,必须考虑到农产品运输的特殊性。最后,讨论了定价、容量和理解定价基础的含义。
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