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Convex cover – formation of the name of the domed surface and a new wayof designing the surface 凸盖的形成是圆顶曲面的名称和一种新的曲面设计方法
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-26-35
A. Baidabekov, E. Kemelbekova, B. Yermekbayev
In the article we examined the origin of the name of the dome and its connection with the sunny surface of a yurt. The new design of the dome surface is also shown. In this study, using a graphical model of the biquadrate transformation, each point of the transformed line, i.e. n of the prototype, is transformed into points forming a cross-section of the dome surface, while the transformed line gives a cross-section of the surface of the Sun. Then we rotate this section of the found dome surface relative to the vertical section Oх2and get the desired dome surface. When designing a removable dome surface, the format and dimensions of the section are set in accordance with the preliminary requirements. Thus, the biquadrate transformation method that we propose when designing a section of a domed surface, that is, a project of a domed curved surface, is practical and simple for designers. The proposed method in its simplicity is designed to solve various similar curved surfaces and engineering problems.
在文章中,我们研究了圆顶的名字的起源,以及它与蒙古包的阳光表面的联系。文中还介绍了圆顶表面的新设计。在本研究中,采用双曲面变换的图形模型,将变换后的直线上的每个点,即原型的n点,变换后的直线给出太阳表面的截面。然后我们旋转找到的圆顶表面的这一部分相对于垂直部分Oх2and得到所需的圆顶表面。设计可移动圆顶面时,截面的格式和尺寸按初步要求设定。因此,我们在设计一个圆顶曲面的截面,即一个圆顶曲面的方案时提出的双曲面变换方法,对于设计师来说是实用和简单的。该方法简单,可用于求解各种相似曲面和工程问题。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a V-belt variator v带式变速器的研制
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-118-128
B. Koyaidarov, R. Sakhybayev
For stepless regulation of the operating speed of technological machines, in the ranges provided by the technology, it is recommended to use a V-belt variator. However, currently having V-belt variators with a special V-belt have significant disadvantages that reduce their effectiveness. In this regard, a V-belt variator with a standard drive V-belt is proposed, the driven pulley of which is divided into identical sectors, the diameter of the driven pulley is changed by synchronous movement of these sectors in radial directions. Studying a V-belt variator with a standard V-belt drive and a multi-sector driven pulley, the main parameters such as the number of sectors, the traction capacity of a multi-sector pulley, the diameters of a multi-sector pulley, the force of normal belt pressure on a multi-sector pulley, which are necessary when designing a variator, were determined.
对于工艺机器运行速度的无级调节,在工艺提供的范围内,建议使用v带变速机。然而,目前有一个特殊的v带变送器有显著的缺点,降低其有效性。为此,提出了一种采用标准驱动v带的v带式变速机,其从动皮带轮被划分为相同的扇区,通过这些扇区在径向上的同步运动来改变从动皮带轮的直径。以标准v带驱动+多扇形从动皮带轮的v带式变速装置为研究对象,确定了变速装置设计时所需的主要参数,如扇形数、多扇形皮带轮的牵引能力、多扇形皮带轮的直径、多扇形皮带轮的法向带压力。
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引用次数: 0
Overview of the developed systems of the hydraulic excavator quick release device 液压挖掘机快速释放装置研制系统综述
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-193-203
B. Togizbayeva, K. Sherov, A. Danyarova, D. Mambetov
Nowadays the hydraulic excavator is one of the leading multifunctional machines that are operated for multi-purpose goals and are also finding increasing use due to the widespread use of replaceable working bodies and working equipment. It is important to note that the use of a wide range of replaceable working equipment and working bodies of excavators not only increases the productivity of machines, but also the level of mechanization of work. The possibility of easy replacement of nozzles increases efficiency and minimizes the likelihood of damage or wear of equipment associated with manual replacement of nozzles. Besides, this will reduce the time for replacing the working body and speed up the work process.This article analyzes and reviews research: publications, patents; also provides an assessment of the quality of the proposed solutions for quick fastening systems on hydraulic excavators.
如今,液压挖掘机是主要的多用途机械之一,由于可更换的工作机构和工作设备的广泛使用,液压挖掘机的使用也越来越多。需要注意的是,挖掘机广泛采用可更换的工作设备和工作机构,不仅提高了机器的生产率,而且提高了工作的机械化水平。简单更换喷嘴的可能性提高了效率,并最大限度地减少了与手动更换喷嘴相关的设备损坏或磨损的可能性。此外,这将减少更换工作体的时间,加快工作进程。本文对相关研究进行了分析和综述:出版物、专利;对液压挖掘机快速紧固系统提出的解决方案的质量进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
Research of hybrid car technologies and conditions for choosing an electrical installation 混合动力汽车技术及电气装置选择条件的研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-79-91
Y. Nazarbayev, Zh. Alipbayev, A. Karazhanov, U. Kokayev
It is known that in accordance with the rapid development of the industrial industry in the XX-XXI centuries, the use of oil and gas products has increased dramatically. This factor, in turn, has led to problems such as environmental pollution, changes in global temperatures, and a shortage of oil resources. For these reasons, car companies have begun to conduct research in order to introduce hybrid technologies into everyday life. The article examines the history of the emergence of hybrid technologies, as well as the principles and fundamentals of their functioning, as well as an overview of the technologies used at the present stage. The article is based on research concerning the manufacturing technologies of existing commercial vehicles, such as Toyota Prius, Astrolab, as well as fuel and raw materials used in hybrid cars. The article presents the pros and cons of the technologies considered, conclusions that hybrid cars will become an alternative to gasoline and diesel cars in the future.
众所周知,随着二十一世纪工业的快速发展,石油和天然气产品的使用量急剧增加。这一因素反过来又导致了环境污染、全球气温变化和石油资源短缺等问题。由于这些原因,汽车公司已经开始进行研究,以便将混合动力技术引入日常生活。本文考察了混合技术出现的历史,以及其功能的原理和基本原理,并概述了现阶段使用的技术。这篇文章是基于对现有的商用车制造技术的研究,如丰田普锐斯,Astrolab,以及混合动力汽车使用的燃料和原材料。文章提出了考虑的技术的优点和缺点,结论是混合动力汽车将成为未来汽油和柴油汽车的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the reliability of the hydromechanical gearbox model u35. 615 based on the optimization of maintenance volumes 提高u35型液压机械齿轮箱的可靠性。615基于维护卷的优化
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-147-155
G. Baiguzhina, A. Sagatbekova, G. Utepova, L. Izanova
Calculation of the costs of creating operational reliability when troubleshooting gearbox in the hydromechanical gearbox and eliminating the regularities of the restoration processes of its operation took into account the nature of the ongoing repair work. Calculation of the main deficit function is carried out in relation to the processes of restoring computer operability, including non-stationary processes in general, using a computer simulation program developed by a computer.
考虑到正在进行的修理工作的性质,计算液压机械齿轮箱故障排除和消除其运行恢复过程的规律性时创造运行可靠性的成本。利用计算机开发的计算机模拟程序,对恢复计算机可操作性的过程(包括一般的非平稳过程)进行了主要赤字函数的计算。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the effect of fibers on the strength characteristics of concrete 纤维对混凝土强度特性影响的评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-36-45
M. Nurbаyevа, L. Аruovа, R. Lukpаnov
The article presents the results of research of different fibers on the effect of strength characteristics of fine-grained concrete. The basic characteristics of the types of fibers used for the manufacture of fiber concrete are given. The results of laboratory research of polypropylene and basalt fibers for dispersion reinforcement of concrete are given. To estimate the strength changes the samples were made and tested in compression at the age of 3, 14 and 28 days of normal-moist hardening. The results of determining the compressive strength of fine-grained fiber concrete without adding fiber (control composition) and with the addition of polypropylene fiber 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5% of the mass of cement and basalt fiber 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5% of the mass of cement are given. It is shown that the most optimal limits of the introduction of polypropylene fiber in the mixture can be considered 0.5% of the weight of cement, which leads to an increase in compressive strength up to 9.09%, compared with the control composition. The introduction of basalt fiber in the mixture of fine-grained concrete in an amount of 0.1% of the weight of cement can increase the compressive strength by 11.4%.
本文介绍了不同纤维对细粒混凝土强度特性影响的研究结果。介绍了用于制造纤维混凝土的各种纤维的基本特性。给出了聚丙烯纤维和玄武岩纤维在混凝土分散配筋中的室内研究结果。为了估计强度变化,在正常湿硬化3、14和28天的压缩条件下对样品进行了测试。给出了不添加纤维(对照成分)和添加水泥质量的0.1、0.5、1.5、2.5%的聚丙烯纤维和水泥质量的0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5%的玄武岩纤维对细粒纤维混凝土抗压强度的测定结果。结果表明,混合料中聚丙烯纤维的最优掺量为水泥质量的0.5%,与对照成分相比,抗压强度可提高9.09%。细粒混凝土中掺入玄武岩纤维,掺量为水泥重量的0.1%,抗压强度可提高11.4%。
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引用次数: 0
Overview of the use of lifting equipment in auto maintenance in Astana 阿斯塔纳汽车维修中起重设备的使用概况
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-136-146
S. Nurkusheva, M. Bembenek, O. Kostyuchenkova
This article discusses the problem of the effective use of car lifts for passenger cars, as well as the analysis of the technical parameters of lifts at car service stations in Astana. The purpose of the study is to create theoretical foundations for improving the efficiency and safety of the use of lifts at car service enterprises. The object of the study is the labor productivity of a car service with the use of lifting equipment. Based on the analysis of the review of existing structures, a classification has been developed in order to modernize and create new types of lifts, which allows you to evaluate existing lifts. The results of comparing individual types of lifts that are used in the capital of Kazakhstan, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and their use at a car service station in order to increase the efficiency of their use are presented.
本文论述了客车升降机有效利用的问题,并对阿斯塔纳汽车服务站升降机的技术参数进行了分析。研究的目的是为提高汽车服务企业使用电梯的效率和安全性提供理论依据。研究的对象是使用起重设备的汽车服务的劳动生产率。基于对现有结构的分析,为了使电梯现代化并创造新型电梯,已经开发了一种分类,这使您可以评估现有的电梯。介绍了在哈萨克斯坦首都使用的各种升降机的比较结果、评估其有效性的标准以及在汽车服务站使用升降机以提高其使用效率的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the Superpave Mixture Design Approach for Hot-Mix Asphalt in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦热混合沥青超铺料设计方法探讨
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-62-71
S. Kosparmakova, Zh. A. Shashpan, D. Bazarbayev
The purpose of this research was to assess the feasibility of constructing high-performance paving (Superpave) for Kazakhstan with only locally sourced ingredients. Similarly, a standard Marshall technique combination that meets the technical requirements of Kazakhstan was compared. One granite aggregate supplier, 2 aggregate grading, and 2 types of asphalt binder made up the test design. Consensus and source aggregate characteristics requirements met with the Superpave design mix method using locally manufactured granite aggregate. Also, the mixtures volumetric parameters indicated that the asphalt binder content of the superpave combination has shown lower than locally-traditionally Marshall mix. The combinations of Superpave fared better in rutting and moisture resistance tests than those made in the conventional manner. After the ITS values from both samples were averaged, the decrease in significance for the superpave mixtures was 9.1%. It was below the 20% loss level required by the Superpave guidelines. Also by rutting resistance results were significantly differences for 85.5% PG70 with 9.5mm NMAS. All of these results point to the superiority of new method Superpave over the Marshall method.
本研究的目的是评估仅使用当地原料为哈萨克斯坦建造高性能铺装材料(Superpave)的可行性。同样,比较了符合哈萨克斯坦技术要求的标准马歇尔技术组合。试验设计由1家花岗岩骨料供应商、2种骨料级配、2种沥青粘结剂组成。采用本地生产的花岗岩骨料,Superpave设计混合方法满足了共识和源骨料特性要求。此外,混合料的体积参数表明,超级铺装组合的沥青粘结剂含量低于当地传统的马歇尔混合料。Superpave组合在车辙和抗湿性测试中表现优于传统方式。将两个样品的ITS值取平均值后,superpave混合物的显著性下降为9.1%。这低于Superpave指南所要求的20%的损失水平。85.5% PG70与9.5mm NMAS的车辙阻力也有显著差异。这些结果都表明了Superpave方法相对于Marshall方法的优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the deformation characteristics of soils with a change in humidity 湿度变化下土体变形特性的研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-215-224
А. Aitkazina
This paper discusses the anisotropic properties of soils and the issue of the influence of soil wetness on the stress-strain state of an anisotropic foundation. The study of material properties and the nature of these properties is directly related to the origin and structure of the object under study. The most important of them from the point of view of calculations of foundations, design of buildings, and structures are deformation, strength, and filtration anisotropy, which introduce changes to a greater or lesser extent in the stress-strain state of soil massifs. The entire set of physical and mathematical properties of soils is determined by their structure and texture, which, in turn, are formed depending on the composition and genesis of soil deposits, as well as under the influence of external factors leading to the transformation of the stress state of the soil mass. Practically in all experiments in which the deformation, filtration, strength, and other properties of soils were studied in various directions, a difference in their indicators was noted. Such results testify to the anisotropic manifestation of these properties. An elastic (linearly deformable) soil model is considered a design model of soils that make up an anisotropic base.
本文讨论了土壤的各向异性特性以及土壤湿度对各向异性地基应力-应变状态的影响问题。材料性质的研究和这些性质的性质直接关系到所研究对象的起源和结构。从基础计算、建筑设计和结构设计的角度来看,其中最重要的是变形、强度和过滤各向异性,它们或多或少地引起土体应力-应变状态的变化。土壤的全部物理和数学性质是由其结构和质地决定的,而这些结构和质地又取决于土壤沉积物的组成和成因,以及导致土体应力状态转变的外部因素的影响。实际上,在所有从不同方向研究土壤的变形、过滤、强度和其他特性的实验中,都注意到它们的指标存在差异。这些结果证明了这些性质的各向异性表现。弹性(线性变形)土模型被认为是构成各向异性地基的土的设计模型。
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引用次数: 0
Models and methods for forecasting electrical loads 电力负荷预测的模型和方法
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-260-268
G. Tolegenova, A. Zakirova, A. Astankevich
Currently, the prediction of electrical loads is an important task. On the basis of forecasts, the operating modes of stations, the network configuration are calculated, the efficiency and quality of electric power is estimated, the schedule of repair work is calculated, etc. The electric load forecasting model is one of the foresight tools for making management decisions when managing electric power systems. This article consists in the construction, evaluation and comparative study of various models for forecasting electricity consumption. The following approaches and methods in forecasting were studied and analyzed: neural network, neuro fuzzy.
目前,电力负荷预测是一项重要的工作。在预测的基础上,计算电站的运行方式、网络配置、估计电力的效率和质量、计算检修工作的进度等。电力负荷预测模型是电力系统管理决策的预测工具之一。本文主要是对各种用电量预测模型的构建、评价和比较研究。对神经网络、神经模糊等预测方法进行了研究和分析。
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引用次数: 0
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BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series
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