Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.137947
F. Kornobis
More than 4,100 plant-parasitic nematodes species have been described to date, some of which are of significant economic importance since they cause losses in agriculture. This paper presents new data on three species of the genus Longidorus: L. attenuatus, L. elongatus and L. euonymus from Poland. The study was based on 1,138 soil samples taken from different regions of the country. A total of 77 populations of L. elongatus, 23 of L. attenuatus and 7 of L. euonymus were found which corresponds with 6.76%, 2.02% and 0.62% of all analyzed samples, respectively. Distribution maps are presented together with data on the morphometrics, molecular markers D2-D3 28S rDNA and data on host plants on which the nematodes were found.
{"title":"New data on three plant-parasitic nematode species of the genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Poland","authors":"F. Kornobis","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2021.137947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2021.137947","url":null,"abstract":"More than 4,100 plant-parasitic nematodes species have been described to date, some of which are of significant economic importance since they cause losses in agriculture. This paper presents new data on three species of the genus Longidorus: L. attenuatus, L. elongatus and L. euonymus from Poland. The study was based on 1,138 soil samples taken from different regions of the country. A total of 77 populations of L. elongatus, 23 of L. attenuatus and 7 of L. euonymus were found which corresponds with 6.76%, 2.02% and 0.62% of all analyzed samples, respectively. Distribution maps are presented together with data on the morphometrics, molecular markers D2-D3 28S rDNA and data on host plants on which the nematodes were found.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47287944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.141358
Reports of weed resistance to herbicides have increased in recent years and differentiation in resistance mechanisms is considered to be a concern for the future of weed science. The aim of this work was to characterize the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides associated with Conyza sp. complex and analyze their implications. Aspects of the action of herbicides commonly used in their control will be addressed, in addition to a description of the mechanisms involved in multiple resistance in Conyza species.
{"title":"Mechanisms of multiple resistance to herbicides in Conyza sp. complex","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2022.141358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2022.141358","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of weed resistance to herbicides have increased in recent years and differentiation in resistance mechanisms is considered to be a concern for the future of weed science. The aim of this work was to characterize the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides associated with Conyza sp. complex and analyze their implications. Aspects of the action of herbicides commonly used in their control will be addressed, in addition to a description of the mechanisms involved in multiple resistance in Conyza species.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46624196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water samples were collected from irrigation ditches and drainage canals surrounding fields in southern Greater Poland. Initially, the samples were subjected to low and highspeed centrifugation and obtained pellets were used to perform biological assays. Viral identification involved biological, electron microscopic as well as molecular methods. The occurrence of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was demonstrated in 12 of the 17 examined water sources. The molecular analysis results showed TMV and ToMV co-infections in the analysed water samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tobamoviruses being found in environmental water in Poland.
{"title":"Detection of infectious tobamoviruses in irrigation and drainage canals in Greater Poland","authors":"M. Jeżewska, A. Zarzyńska‐Nowak, K. Trzmiel","doi":"10.24425/119126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119126","url":null,"abstract":"Water samples were collected from irrigation ditches and drainage canals surrounding fields in southern Greater Poland. Initially, the samples were subjected to low and highspeed centrifugation and obtained pellets were used to perform biological assays. Viral identification involved biological, electron microscopic as well as molecular methods. The occurrence of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was demonstrated in 12 of the 17 examined water sources. The molecular analysis results showed TMV and ToMV co-infections in the analysed water samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tobamoviruses being found in environmental water in Poland.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45090806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinga Zatoń, A. Skwiercz, E. Adamiak, P. Szelągowska, G. Hury
The species structure of plant parasitic nematode populations from the rhizosphere of winter wheat grown with crop rotation or in 48-year-old monoculture was analyzed and compared. Dominating species: Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius microdorus, Paratylenchus neglectus and Heterodera avenae, in monoculture plots, had higher populations than in crop rotation plots. Heterodera avenae eggs and larvae were infected by pathogenic fungi in 68% of the monoculture crops (vs. 65–66% of the cysts from crop rotation), 12–20% of Paratylenchus sp. specimens were colonized by bacteria, mainly by Bacillus penetrans. This study shows nematological changes occurring in long-term wheat breeding, thus providing additional information necessary to fight dangerous viral vectors of the examined cereal.
{"title":"Plant parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots of winter wheat grown in crop rotation and long-term monoculture","authors":"Kinga Zatoń, A. Skwiercz, E. Adamiak, P. Szelągowska, G. Hury","doi":"10.24425/122934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/122934","url":null,"abstract":"The species structure of plant parasitic nematode populations from the rhizosphere of winter wheat grown with crop rotation or in 48-year-old monoculture was analyzed and compared. Dominating species: Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius microdorus, Paratylenchus neglectus and Heterodera avenae, in monoculture plots, had higher populations than in crop rotation plots. Heterodera avenae eggs and larvae were infected by pathogenic fungi in 68% of the monoculture crops (vs. 65–66% of the cysts from crop rotation), 12–20% of Paratylenchus sp. specimens were colonized by bacteria, mainly by Bacillus penetrans. This study shows nematological changes occurring in long-term wheat breeding, thus providing additional information necessary to fight dangerous viral vectors of the examined cereal.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important plant disease occurring in many potato-producing areas throughout the world. In this study, a specific diagnostic method was used to detect and quantify S. sclerotiorum ascospores, and its forecasting ability was assessed in potato fields during flowering periods of 2011 to 2014 in Bahar County, Hamedan Province. Using GenEMBL database, a primer pair, HZSCREV and HZSCFOR, was designed and optimized for the pathogen. After testing the sensitivity of primers, DNA was extracted from samples of outdoor Burkard traps from potato fields. A linear association was observed between pathogen DNA and the number of ascospores using the quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique in the presence of SYBR dye. The qPCR could successfully detect DNA amounts representing two S. sclerotiorum ascospores and was not sensitive to a variety of tested fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium solani. In contrast to the amount of rainfall, a direct relationship was found between ascospore numbers and the incidence of potato white mold from 2011 to 2014.
{"title":"Forecasting potato white mold by assessment of ascospores in Iran fields","authors":"Seyedmohammadreza Ojaghian, A. Mirzaei, W. Ling","doi":"10.24425/122932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/122932","url":null,"abstract":"Potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important plant disease occurring in many potato-producing areas throughout the world. In this study, a specific diagnostic method was used to detect and quantify S. sclerotiorum ascospores, and its forecasting ability was assessed in potato fields during flowering periods of 2011 to 2014 in Bahar County, Hamedan Province. Using GenEMBL database, a primer pair, HZSCREV and HZSCFOR, was designed and optimized for the pathogen. After testing the sensitivity of primers, DNA was extracted from samples of outdoor Burkard traps from potato fields. A linear association was observed between pathogen DNA and the number of ascospores using the quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique in the presence of SYBR dye. The qPCR could successfully detect DNA amounts representing two S. sclerotiorum ascospores and was not sensitive to a variety of tested fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium solani. In contrast to the amount of rainfall, a direct relationship was found between ascospore numbers and the incidence of potato white mold from 2011 to 2014.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46572001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe leaf spot disease was observed on Aloe vera plants in the winters of 2011 and 2012 during a survey of various nurseries of Gwalior, India. Irregular, sunken, dark creamish brown spots having reddish brown margin were noticed on both surfaces of the leaves. The causal organism was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves on potato dextrose agar media (PDA). A total 59 isolates of fungi were recovered from diseased A. vera leaves, and 37 isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Fusarium. On the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA amplified using the primers ITS4/ITS5 the pathogen was identified as Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by using Koch’s postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease caused by Fusarium proliferatum on A. vera plants in India.
{"title":"First report of leaf spot disease of Aloe vera caused by Fusarium proliferatum in India","authors":"S. Avasthi, A. Gautam, R. Bhadauria","doi":"10.24425/119125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/119125","url":null,"abstract":"Severe leaf spot disease was observed on Aloe vera plants in the winters of 2011 and 2012 during a survey of various nurseries of Gwalior, India. Irregular, sunken, dark creamish brown spots having reddish brown margin were noticed on both surfaces of the leaves. The causal organism was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves on potato dextrose agar media (PDA). A total 59 isolates of fungi were recovered from diseased A. vera leaves, and 37 isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Fusarium. On the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA amplified using the primers ITS4/ITS5 the pathogen was identified as Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by using Koch’s postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease caused by Fusarium proliferatum on A. vera plants in India.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.144509
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis isolates from oil palm plantations in Cameroon","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.144509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.144509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42410259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.144500
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extracts from five traditional Egyptian medicinal plants in preventing Sphaerotheca fuliginea’ s powdery mildew disease, which affects cucumber plants. Aqueous extracts from each of the examined plants suppressed the pathogen’s conidia germination in vitro . In trials using detached leaves and greenhouses, these extracts lessened the severity of the disease. Compared to other plant extracts, Curcuma longa rhizome extract showed the greatest potency against the patho-gen. The aqueous extract of Curcuma longa showed the largest improvement in disease suppression compared to the control in the greenhouse experiment. The results showed that total phenol and associated defense enzyme levels (POD and PPO) were elevated by plant extracts from all studied plants. These findings might suggest that total phenol and associated defense enzymes strengthen the cucumber’s resistance to the disease. The C. longa extract had more total phenol than the extracts from the other plants. The phenolic components in the C. longa rhizome extract were varied, and these variations were detected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of curcumin (3220.8 µg · g –1 dry weight) was the highest. In comparison to the control, the foliar application of the C. longa extract considerably increased the cucumber fruit yield and its constituent parts. This is the first time, to my knowledge, that the C. longa rhizome extract has been utilized to improve cucumber plants’ production and its constituent parts. The pathogen appeared as small colonies with fewer mycelia and immature conidia in the treated cucumber leaves with 20% of C. longa rhizome extract according to an examination by SEM. Overall, the results indicated that the extract of C. longa rhizome, was a promising, effective, and environmentally friendly management measure against powdery mil-dew disease of cucumbers, and thus could be used in the production of organically grown
{"title":"Biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea, the causal agent of powdery mildew of cucumber by using aqueous extracts from five traditional Egyptian medicinal plants","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.144500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.144500","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extracts from five traditional Egyptian medicinal plants in preventing Sphaerotheca fuliginea’ s powdery mildew disease, which affects cucumber plants. Aqueous extracts from each of the examined plants suppressed the pathogen’s conidia germination in vitro . In trials using detached leaves and greenhouses, these extracts lessened the severity of the disease. Compared to other plant extracts, Curcuma longa rhizome extract showed the greatest potency against the patho-gen. The aqueous extract of Curcuma longa showed the largest improvement in disease suppression compared to the control in the greenhouse experiment. The results showed that total phenol and associated defense enzyme levels (POD and PPO) were elevated by plant extracts from all studied plants. These findings might suggest that total phenol and associated defense enzymes strengthen the cucumber’s resistance to the disease. The C. longa extract had more total phenol than the extracts from the other plants. The phenolic components in the C. longa rhizome extract were varied, and these variations were detected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of curcumin (3220.8 µg · g –1 dry weight) was the highest. In comparison to the control, the foliar application of the C. longa extract considerably increased the cucumber fruit yield and its constituent parts. This is the first time, to my knowledge, that the C. longa rhizome extract has been utilized to improve cucumber plants’ production and its constituent parts. The pathogen appeared as small colonies with fewer mycelia and immature conidia in the treated cucumber leaves with 20% of C. longa rhizome extract according to an examination by SEM. Overall, the results indicated that the extract of C. longa rhizome, was a promising, effective, and environmentally friendly management measure against powdery mil-dew disease of cucumbers, and thus could be used in the production of organically grown","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.140302
Knowing the tritrophic interactions between plant-virus-insect is important in developing sustainable pest management practices. Myzus persicae is a well-known plant viral vector which can transmit over 40 plant viruses. We studied the impact of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum on the colony development of M. persicae to understand how plant virus infection can affect vector growth and reproduction. Aphid growth, reproduction and fecundity were significantly affected by the virus infection. The mean relative growth rate of M. persicae on healthy plants was 0.29 mg –1 · mg –1 · day –1 and was significantly higher than that of CMV-infected plants (0.23 mg –1 · mg –1 · day –1 ). In contrast, the percentage of survival was significantly higher on CMV-infected plants. The estimated survival percentages of aphids at 20 days after introduction to CMV-infected and healthy plants were 55.8 and 25.8%, respectively. Therefore, the total population of aphids on CMV-infected plants was significantly higher on the 25th day after the introduction of aphids. The total population of aphids on the CMV-infected plants was 1,225 compared to that of healthy plants which was 713. Similarly, mean fecundity over a 30 day observation period was 61.25 and 35.65 for aphids grown on CMV-infected and healthy plants, respectively. Jasmonic acid (JA) upstream gene OPR3 and downstream gene COI1 was measured to quantify the changes in JA expression in the plants under the virus infection. Both genes tested were significantly downregulated in CMV-infected plants. From our results, it was evident that the JA related insect resistance was reduced in CMV-infected plants and hence aphid colony development was increased.
{"title":"Effect of Cucumber mosaic virus infection on aphid colony development on aphid colony development","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2022.140302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2022.140302","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the tritrophic interactions between plant-virus-insect is important in developing sustainable pest management practices. Myzus persicae is a well-known plant viral vector which can transmit over 40 plant viruses. We studied the impact of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum on the colony development of M. persicae to understand how plant virus infection can affect vector growth and reproduction. Aphid growth, reproduction and fecundity were significantly affected by the virus infection. The mean relative growth rate of M. persicae on healthy plants was 0.29 mg –1 · mg –1 · day –1 and was significantly higher than that of CMV-infected plants (0.23 mg –1 · mg –1 · day –1 ). In contrast, the percentage of survival was significantly higher on CMV-infected plants. The estimated survival percentages of aphids at 20 days after introduction to CMV-infected and healthy plants were 55.8 and 25.8%, respectively. Therefore, the total population of aphids on CMV-infected plants was significantly higher on the 25th day after the introduction of aphids. The total population of aphids on the CMV-infected plants was 1,225 compared to that of healthy plants which was 713. Similarly, mean fecundity over a 30 day observation period was 61.25 and 35.65 for aphids grown on CMV-infected and healthy plants, respectively. Jasmonic acid (JA) upstream gene OPR3 and downstream gene COI1 was measured to quantify the changes in JA expression in the plants under the virus infection. Both genes tested were significantly downregulated in CMV-infected plants. From our results, it was evident that the JA related insect resistance was reduced in CMV-infected plants and hence aphid colony development was increased.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68949516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.141356
An efficient application of phytosanitary products depends, among other factors, on a good selection of nozzles and the application volume rate of the solution used. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different models of hydraulic tips and application volume rates on spray coverage on targets positioned in the upper, middle and lower thirds of corn plants. The application volume rates evaluated were: 50 l · ha − 1 ; 100 l · ha − 1 ; 150 l · ha − 1 ; 200 l · ha − 1 ; 300 l · ha − 1 and 400 l · ha − 1 . The following nozzles were used: TT 11001, TTJ60 11002, TXA 8003, 30HCX 12, GRD120 02 and GAT11002. Appli cations were carried out in phenological stages V6–V7 of corn plants. There was a directly proportional relationship between an increase in application volume rate and the levels of spray coverage and droplet density in the three thirds of corn plants. The application vol ume rate evaluated, except for 50 l · ha − 1 in the lower third, provided a number of droplets compatible with the literature recommendations for the application of systemic fungicides. All tips evaluated provided a number of droplets compatible with the recommendations in the literature for the application of systemic fungicides, therefore, they can be recom mended for use in spraying on corn crops.
{"title":"Coverage of corn plants using different hydraulic nozzles and application volume rates","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2022.141356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2022.141356","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient application of phytosanitary products depends, among other factors, on a good selection of nozzles and the application volume rate of the solution used. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different models of hydraulic tips and application volume rates on spray coverage on targets positioned in the upper, middle and lower thirds of corn plants. The application volume rates evaluated were: 50 l · ha − 1 ; 100 l · ha − 1 ; 150 l · ha − 1 ; 200 l · ha − 1 ; 300 l · ha − 1 and 400 l · ha − 1 . The following nozzles were used: TT 11001, TTJ60 11002, TXA 8003, 30HCX 12, GRD120 02 and GAT11002. Appli cations were carried out in phenological stages V6–V7 of corn plants. There was a directly proportional relationship between an increase in application volume rate and the levels of spray coverage and droplet density in the three thirds of corn plants. The application vol ume rate evaluated, except for 50 l · ha − 1 in the lower third, provided a number of droplets compatible with the literature recommendations for the application of systemic fungicides. All tips evaluated provided a number of droplets compatible with the recommendations in the literature for the application of systemic fungicides, therefore, they can be recom mended for use in spraying on corn crops.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45848775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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