Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.143227
The use of biostimulants and cultivar selection play an important role in modern potato farming because they influence tuber yield and quality. The nutritional value and processing suitability of potato tubers are affected by their content of total protein, reducing sugars and sucrose. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content of total protein, glucose, fructose and sucrose in potato tubers (skin, flesh and whole tubers with skin), at harvest and after 5 months of storage. The experimental materials included tubers of five edible potato cultivars: Irga, Satina, Valfi, Blaue St. Galler and HB Red. During the growing season, potato plants were treated with the following biostimulants: Asahi SL, Bio-Algeen S-90, Kelpak SL and Trifender WP. Control plants were not treated with biostimulants. The total protein content of tubers was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Simple sugars and sucrose were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At harvest, total protein concentration was significantly higher in purple-and red-fleshed cultivars than in cream-and yellow-fleshed cultivars. An analysis of tuber parts revealed that flesh had the highest protein content. The total protein content of tubers increased during storage. Biostimulants had no significant effect on total protein concentration in tubers at harvest or after storage. The content of simple sugars and sucrose was higher in the skin, flesh and whole tubers of purple-and red-fleshed cultivars, than in cream-and yellow-fleshed cultivars. Potato tubers with colored flesh accumulated the highest amounts of total sugars. Biostimulants, in particular Bio-Algeen S-90 and Kelpak SL, contributed to the accumulation of monosaccharides and the disaccharide in potato tubers, and, in consequence, total sugars. Their concentrations in potato tubers increased during storage.
{"title":"Protein and sugar content of tubers in potato plants treated with biostimulants","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2022.143227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2022.143227","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biostimulants and cultivar selection play an important role in modern potato farming because they influence tuber yield and quality. The nutritional value and processing suitability of potato tubers are affected by their content of total protein, reducing sugars and sucrose. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content of total protein, glucose, fructose and sucrose in potato tubers (skin, flesh and whole tubers with skin), at harvest and after 5 months of storage. The experimental materials included tubers of five edible potato cultivars: Irga, Satina, Valfi, Blaue St. Galler and HB Red. During the growing season, potato plants were treated with the following biostimulants: Asahi SL, Bio-Algeen S-90, Kelpak SL and Trifender WP. Control plants were not treated with biostimulants. The total protein content of tubers was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Simple sugars and sucrose were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At harvest, total protein concentration was significantly higher in purple-and red-fleshed cultivars than in cream-and yellow-fleshed cultivars. An analysis of tuber parts revealed that flesh had the highest protein content. The total protein content of tubers increased during storage. Biostimulants had no significant effect on total protein concentration in tubers at harvest or after storage. The content of simple sugars and sucrose was higher in the skin, flesh and whole tubers of purple-and red-fleshed cultivars, than in cream-and yellow-fleshed cultivars. Potato tubers with colored flesh accumulated the highest amounts of total sugars. Biostimulants, in particular Bio-Algeen S-90 and Kelpak SL, contributed to the accumulation of monosaccharides and the disaccharide in potato tubers, and, in consequence, total sugars. Their concentrations in potato tubers increased during storage.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146879
Essential oils (EOs) are alternatives to synthetic insecticides used to control aphids that attack brassica species. However, the effects of species such as the Brazilian pepper tree (BPEO) Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi), lemon eucalyptus tree (LEEO) Eucalyptus citrio-dora (Hook), and citronella grass (CGEO) Cymbopogon winterianus (Jowitt) on these organisms, as well as on beneficial insects, has been poorly studied. This work was aimed to evaluate the activity of BPEO, LEEO, and CGEO, at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, on aphids Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphidi-dae) applied on leaf discs and/or cabbages, as well as the chemotaxic effects on its natural enemy Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The results showed that the essential oil of C. winterianus had a higher mortality rate for B. brassicae (100%) (0.5%, 48 h) and M. persicae (98.99%) (1%, 48 h). The average number of aphids (both species) found on cabbage leaf discs treated with 0.5% and 1% of the three essential oils (separately) was always lower than those found on leaf discs treated with water. Essential oils at 1% presented significantly higher mortality rates for B. brassicae and M. persicae than the con-trol treatment. Females of D. rapae were attracted to plants of green cabbage with essential oil (0.5%) of S. terebinthifolius , but did not respond to E. citriodora and were significantly responsive to plants sprayed with water when contrasted with those in the presence of C. winterianus oil.
{"title":"Effects of essential oils from the Brazilian pepper tree, eucalyptus and citronella on brassica aphids Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.146879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.146879","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) are alternatives to synthetic insecticides used to control aphids that attack brassica species. However, the effects of species such as the Brazilian pepper tree (BPEO) Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi), lemon eucalyptus tree (LEEO) Eucalyptus citrio-dora (Hook), and citronella grass (CGEO) Cymbopogon winterianus (Jowitt) on these organisms, as well as on beneficial insects, has been poorly studied. This work was aimed to evaluate the activity of BPEO, LEEO, and CGEO, at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, on aphids Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphidi-dae) applied on leaf discs and/or cabbages, as well as the chemotaxic effects on its natural enemy Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The results showed that the essential oil of C. winterianus had a higher mortality rate for B. brassicae (100%) (0.5%, 48 h) and M. persicae (98.99%) (1%, 48 h). The average number of aphids (both species) found on cabbage leaf discs treated with 0.5% and 1% of the three essential oils (separately) was always lower than those found on leaf discs treated with water. Essential oils at 1% presented significantly higher mortality rates for B. brassicae and M. persicae than the con-trol treatment. Females of D. rapae were attracted to plants of green cabbage with essential oil (0.5%) of S. terebinthifolius , but did not respond to E. citriodora and were significantly responsive to plants sprayed with water when contrasted with those in the presence of C. winterianus oil.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146875
Taro leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae affects plant health and is a major threat to taro culture in Cameroon. Chemical fertilizers used often harm the ecosystem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are better alternatives that increase plant growth promotion and suppress phytopathogens. In the present study, a total of 67 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was characterized by 17.91, 5.97, and 4.47% populations of P. fluores-cens , P. chlororaphis , and P. putida , respectively, among the most represented. More than 36% of bacteria showed antagonistic potential through the production of both diffusible and volatile compounds. Some of them (03) exhibited antagonistic activity in dual culture against P. colocasiae with a diameter greater than 13 mm. These rhizobacteria produced a significant amount of siderophore, IAA, SA, HCN, protease, lipases, and cellulases. For the pot experiment, treatment by Pseudomonas significantly increased the enzymatic activity involved in the resistance of taro, such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The two antagonists also increased plant growth parameters of taro such as chlorophyll, plant height, shoot length, total leaf surface, fresh root biomass, and fresh leaf biomass. These findings showed that fluorescent Pseudomonas have an intriguing and undeniable potential in the fight against P. colocasiae , which could lead to the development of a biopesticide in the future.
{"title":"Antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonads: rhizobacteria with suppressive and plant growth promoting properties against Phytophthora colocasiae, the causal agent of taro leaf blight","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.146875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.146875","url":null,"abstract":"Taro leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae affects plant health and is a major threat to taro culture in Cameroon. Chemical fertilizers used often harm the ecosystem. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are better alternatives that increase plant growth promotion and suppress phytopathogens. In the present study, a total of 67 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was characterized by 17.91, 5.97, and 4.47% populations of P. fluores-cens , P. chlororaphis , and P. putida , respectively, among the most represented. More than 36% of bacteria showed antagonistic potential through the production of both diffusible and volatile compounds. Some of them (03) exhibited antagonistic activity in dual culture against P. colocasiae with a diameter greater than 13 mm. These rhizobacteria produced a significant amount of siderophore, IAA, SA, HCN, protease, lipases, and cellulases. For the pot experiment, treatment by Pseudomonas significantly increased the enzymatic activity involved in the resistance of taro, such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The two antagonists also increased plant growth parameters of taro such as chlorophyll, plant height, shoot length, total leaf surface, fresh root biomass, and fresh leaf biomass. These findings showed that fluorescent Pseudomonas have an intriguing and undeniable potential in the fight against P. colocasiae , which could lead to the development of a biopesticide in the future.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146874
M. Mossa, Eman E.S. El-Sharkawy, A. Elsharawy
This study illustrates the antifungal activity of green biosynthesis of a silver nanoparticle solution using one of Sinai’s natural plant extracts, namely Zygophyllum album which was used as a stabilizer and reducing agent to reduce Ag+ to metallic silver. In this study the plant extract was prepared by boiling in water for 10 min., 70% ethanol and wet au-toclaving for 5 min. AgNPs were prepared using these three different extract methods. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential techniques were employed to characterize the synthesis of nanoparticles. The size of particles ranged from 6.28 nm to 28.89 nm at x100 and the zeta potential had one peak at –16.6 mean (mV) at area 100% for green synthesized AgNPs from Z. album prepared from boiling in water for 10 min. The size of particles ranged from 6.64 nm to 54.82nm at 100x and the zeta potential had one peak at – 12.9 mean (mV) at 100% area for green synthesized AgNPs from the plant ethanol extract. The size of particles ranged from 9.39 nm to 31.93 nm at 100x and the zeta potential had one peak – 19.8 mean (mV) at 100% area for green synthesized AgNPs from the wet autoclaved plant extract of Z. album for 5 min. All treatments of plant extract and AgNPs solutions, prepared from these plant extracts of Zygophyllum album, were compared with the positive control and Tachigaren – 30% W/P was conducted on the radial growth of F. oxysporium and caused antifungal activity with a high inhibition percent. There was a highly significant difference between the various extraction techniques. Increasing the concentration of treatments was accompanied with a significant effect on Fusarium wilt. Thus, this study may provide a good alternative approach to control Fusarium wilt disease in the field and under storage conditions of vegetables. Our study suggests that silver nano-particles of plant extracts can be used for controlling Fusarium wilt.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles green biosynthesis from the extract of Zygophyllum album (L.f.) on Fusarium wilt","authors":"M. Mossa, Eman E.S. El-Sharkawy, A. Elsharawy","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.146874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.146874","url":null,"abstract":"This study illustrates the antifungal activity of green biosynthesis of a silver nanoparticle solution using one of Sinai’s natural plant extracts, namely Zygophyllum album which was used as a stabilizer and reducing agent to reduce Ag+ to metallic silver. In this study the plant extract was prepared by boiling in water for 10 min., 70% ethanol and wet au-toclaving for 5 min. AgNPs were prepared using these three different extract methods. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential techniques were employed to characterize the synthesis of nanoparticles. The size of particles ranged from 6.28 nm to 28.89 nm at x100 and the zeta potential had one peak at –16.6 mean (mV) at area 100% for green synthesized AgNPs from Z. album prepared from boiling in water for 10 min. The size of particles ranged from 6.64 nm to 54.82nm at 100x and the zeta potential had one peak at – 12.9 mean (mV) at 100% area for green synthesized AgNPs from the plant ethanol extract. The size of particles ranged from 9.39 nm to 31.93 nm at 100x and the zeta potential had one peak – 19.8 mean (mV) at 100% area for green synthesized AgNPs from the wet autoclaved plant extract of Z. album for 5 min. All treatments of plant extract and AgNPs solutions, prepared from these plant extracts of Zygophyllum album, were compared with the positive control and Tachigaren – 30% W/P was conducted on the radial growth of F. oxysporium and caused antifungal activity with a high inhibition percent. There was a highly significant difference between the various extraction techniques. Increasing the concentration of treatments was accompanied with a significant effect on Fusarium wilt. Thus, this study may provide a good alternative approach to control Fusarium wilt disease in the field and under storage conditions of vegetables. Our study suggests that silver nano-particles of plant extracts can be used for controlling Fusarium wilt.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146871
Priscila Monteiro Pereira, Flávio Martins, A. Dallegrave, Sueli Teresinha, Van der Sand
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ( Ptr ), is a worrisome destructive foliar disease of wheat-growing areas around the world. Streptomyces spp. have been investigated as biocontrol agents because they beneficially interact with host plants and produce important bioactive substances that can act in the suppression of diseases in plants. In the present study, antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting of Streptomyces spp. strains 6(4), R18(6), and their consortium, were evaluated through in vitro and greenhouse assays. The Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) technique was used to analyze the crude extract of each strain. The results of the in vitro tests showed that the 6(4) metabolites caused several abnormalities in the conidial germination of Ptr. This strain also produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores. Strain R18(6) did not alter conidial germination of Ptr, and produced IAA and phosphate solubilizers. In the greenhouse, the treatment ‘seed inoculation plus foliar spray’ with streptomycetes propagules and metabolites contributed to biomass gain, with no statistical difference between the strains ( p < 0.05). Treatments with 6(4) ‘seed inoculation’, ‘seed inoculation plus foliar spray’, and consortium ‘seed in-oculation’ showed the lowest percentage of injured area compared to other treatments ( p < 0.05). UHPLC-QTOF MS data showed that erucamide is present in the culture of 6(4), but not in the culture of R18(6). Therefore, this substance is one of those involved in Ptr hyphal abnormalities, and R18(6) use indirect mechanisms of action to control Ptr . We concluded that these Streptomyces spp. and their metabolites have a promising potential for biological control of Ptr to protect wheat plants from tan spot damage.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of Streptomyces spp. against Pyrenophora tritici-repentis the causal agent of tan spot in wheat","authors":"Priscila Monteiro Pereira, Flávio Martins, A. Dallegrave, Sueli Teresinha, Van der Sand","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.146871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.146871","url":null,"abstract":"Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ( Ptr ), is a worrisome destructive foliar disease of wheat-growing areas around the world. Streptomyces spp. have been investigated as biocontrol agents because they beneficially interact with host plants and produce important bioactive substances that can act in the suppression of diseases in plants. In the present study, antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting of Streptomyces spp. strains 6(4), R18(6), and their consortium, were evaluated through in vitro and greenhouse assays. The Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) technique was used to analyze the crude extract of each strain. The results of the in vitro tests showed that the 6(4) metabolites caused several abnormalities in the conidial germination of Ptr. This strain also produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores. Strain R18(6) did not alter conidial germination of Ptr, and produced IAA and phosphate solubilizers. In the greenhouse, the treatment ‘seed inoculation plus foliar spray’ with streptomycetes propagules and metabolites contributed to biomass gain, with no statistical difference between the strains ( p < 0.05). Treatments with 6(4) ‘seed inoculation’, ‘seed inoculation plus foliar spray’, and consortium ‘seed in-oculation’ showed the lowest percentage of injured area compared to other treatments ( p < 0.05). UHPLC-QTOF MS data showed that erucamide is present in the culture of 6(4), but not in the culture of R18(6). Therefore, this substance is one of those involved in Ptr hyphal abnormalities, and R18(6) use indirect mechanisms of action to control Ptr . We concluded that these Streptomyces spp. and their metabolites have a promising potential for biological control of Ptr to protect wheat plants from tan spot damage.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banana blood disease (BBD), caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis ( Rsc ), is a major threat to banana production in Southeast Asia. This study aimed to assess the resistance of cultivated and wild banana accessions to Rsc and investigate the expression of patho-genesis-related (PR) protein genes, namely PR3 and PR10 , in disease-resistant bananas. Bacterial isolates were isolated from infected bananas in Yala Province, Thailand, and their pathogenicity and phylotype were confirmed, along with Rsc -specific PCR. Rsc -resistance banana screening was conducted on 16 banana accessions, including cultivated and wild types, using representative Rsc isolates. ‘Khai Kasetsart 2’ exhibited resistance (R), followed by ‘Raksa’ with moderate resistance (MR). The expression of PR3 and PR10 genes was analyzed in the resistant ‘Khai Kasetsart 2’ and susceptible ‘Hin’ bananas, revealing distinct expression patterns. PR3 showed rapid upregulation on day 1 after inoculation (DAI), while PR10 exhibited sustained upregulation from 1 to 7 DAI in the resistant cultivar. These findings indicate the involvement of PR proteins in the defense response against Rsc and hold promise for future breeding and disease management strategies in bananas.
{"title":"Evaluation of banana cultivars and the pathogenesis-related class 3 and 10 proteins in defense against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, the causal agent of banana blood disease","authors":"Jariya Nitayaros, Thanwanit Thanyasiriwat, A. Sangdee, Ladawan Rattanapolsan, Ratri Boonruangrod, Praphat Kawicha","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.146873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.146873","url":null,"abstract":"Banana blood disease (BBD), caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis ( Rsc ), is a major threat to banana production in Southeast Asia. This study aimed to assess the resistance of cultivated and wild banana accessions to Rsc and investigate the expression of patho-genesis-related (PR) protein genes, namely PR3 and PR10 , in disease-resistant bananas. Bacterial isolates were isolated from infected bananas in Yala Province, Thailand, and their pathogenicity and phylotype were confirmed, along with Rsc -specific PCR. Rsc -resistance banana screening was conducted on 16 banana accessions, including cultivated and wild types, using representative Rsc isolates. ‘Khai Kasetsart 2’ exhibited resistance (R), followed by ‘Raksa’ with moderate resistance (MR). The expression of PR3 and PR10 genes was analyzed in the resistant ‘Khai Kasetsart 2’ and susceptible ‘Hin’ bananas, revealing distinct expression patterns. PR3 showed rapid upregulation on day 1 after inoculation (DAI), while PR10 exhibited sustained upregulation from 1 to 7 DAI in the resistant cultivar. These findings indicate the involvement of PR proteins in the defense response against Rsc and hold promise for future breeding and disease management strategies in bananas.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42506445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146872
Takashi Hanagasaki, A. Ajitomi, Emi Miwa, Tomohiko Kiyuna
Lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum ) has become a major flowering plant in Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. Its cultivation area has increased steadily with each passing year for two decades. Simultaneously, many types of lisianthus diseases related to damping-off symptoms have also increased dramatically. To create a strategy for preventing the disease, disease symptoms and pathogenic organisms of primary problematic disease with seasonal variation in the emergence were investigated. The symptoms were diagnosed as Fusarium stem rot (Kukigusare-byo) and the pathogen of the disease was identified as Fusarium avenaceum based on multigene sequences analyses. Indeed, the PCR result of the isolated strain in this study was the same as that isolated from lisianthus plants with Fusarium stem rot in Hokkaido Prefecture. Furthermore, the pathogen is clustered separately from the other F. avenaceum strains isolated from lisianthus in the USA. Diseased lisianthus plants spread throughout greenhouses even though several fungicides were applied. Additionally, they appeared from November to January and increased to 0.3% of the total number. Fusarium stem rot was found in 43.8% of the total number of farms from 2020–2021 in Okinawa Main Island.
{"title":"Field survey of Fusarium stem rot of lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum) cultivated in Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Takashi Hanagasaki, A. Ajitomi, Emi Miwa, Tomohiko Kiyuna","doi":"10.24425/jppr.2023.146872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2023.146872","url":null,"abstract":"Lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum ) has become a major flowering plant in Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. Its cultivation area has increased steadily with each passing year for two decades. Simultaneously, many types of lisianthus diseases related to damping-off symptoms have also increased dramatically. To create a strategy for preventing the disease, disease symptoms and pathogenic organisms of primary problematic disease with seasonal variation in the emergence were investigated. The symptoms were diagnosed as Fusarium stem rot (Kukigusare-byo) and the pathogen of the disease was identified as Fusarium avenaceum based on multigene sequences analyses. Indeed, the PCR result of the isolated strain in this study was the same as that isolated from lisianthus plants with Fusarium stem rot in Hokkaido Prefecture. Furthermore, the pathogen is clustered separately from the other F. avenaceum strains isolated from lisianthus in the USA. Diseased lisianthus plants spread throughout greenhouses even though several fungicides were applied. Additionally, they appeared from November to January and increased to 0.3% of the total number. Fusarium stem rot was found in 43.8% of the total number of farms from 2020–2021 in Okinawa Main Island.","PeriodicalId":16848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45074166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146870
R. Abdullah, A. El-Rokh
As alternatives to chemical insecticides, entomopathogenic fungi or wild plants and their secondary metabolites are being used. These biocontrol agents are significant because of their biodegradability, specificity, eco-friendliness, and utility as agents to reduce insecticide resistance. In this study five ethyl acetate extracts of locally isolated fungal strains ( Ta laromyces atroroseus, Fusarium chlamydosporum , Talaromyces stipitatus , Trichoderma lixii, Beauveria bassiana ) as well as alkaloid extract of Haloxylon salicornicum were extracted and investigated as biocontrol agents against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. The results indicated that all extracts had toxic effects against P. solenopsis except the extract of T. stipitatus. The LC 50 values and toxicity index indicated that the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum was the most toxic one (26 ppm) after 72 hours of treatment followed by the extracts of F. chlamydosporum (77 ppm), then B. bassiana (84 ppm) and T. lixii (118 ppm). On the other hand, there were significant changes in tested insect enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and acetyl choline esterase (AchE) as well as total proteins and lipids in the insects treated with the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum , and ethyl acetate extracts of F. chlamydosporum and B. bassiana after 24 hours of treatment compared to the control. GC/MS analyses of fungal extracts indicated that there were some bioactive compounds like hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid. In addition, the anaba-sine compound was found as a major constituent of the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum and identified by 1H NMR and GC/MS analysis. In conclusion, according to this study, it was recommended that the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum and the ethyl acetate extracts of F. chlamydosporum, B. bassiana, and T. lixii be used as alternatives to chemical insecticides for controlling the cotton mealybug P.
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