Pub Date : 2016-11-07DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000156
Mohamed M Helal, A. Hashem, Madeha O. I. Ghobashy, A. G. Shalaby
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can be used as food preservatives to improve food stability and safety. This is due to its ability to produce antimicrobial substances which can inhibit the growth of the food poisoning organisms. LAB produce antimicrobial compounds named bacteriocins. This study focused on bacteriocin named reuterin which produced from Lactobacillus reuteri strain and its optimal production condition. The metabolite L. reuteri bacteriocin (reuterin) was extracted and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against some hospitalized bacterial and fungal pathogens. The reuterin producing L. reuteri exhibited the highest inhibition zone (22.2, 22.5 and 22.7 mm) against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively, when grown on optimized condition, i.e., growth on 2% glucose, soy bean (sb) or yeast extract as nitrogen source, all MRS salts medium and inoculated by 21 × 108 cfu/ml, pH 6.5 at 37°C for 24 hr anaerobically. This study gave us the possibility to use reuterin as food preservative to control pathogenic microorganisms and food spoilage.
{"title":"Some Physiological and Biological Studies on Reuterin Production from Lactobacillus reuteri","authors":"Mohamed M Helal, A. Hashem, Madeha O. I. Ghobashy, A. G. Shalaby","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000156","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can be used as food preservatives to improve food stability and safety. This is due to its ability to produce antimicrobial substances which can inhibit the growth of the food poisoning organisms. LAB produce antimicrobial compounds named bacteriocins. This study focused on bacteriocin named reuterin which produced from Lactobacillus reuteri strain and its optimal production condition. The metabolite L. reuteri bacteriocin (reuterin) was extracted and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against some hospitalized bacterial and fungal pathogens. The reuterin producing L. reuteri exhibited the highest inhibition zone (22.2, 22.5 and 22.7 mm) against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively, when grown on optimized condition, i.e., growth on 2% glucose, soy bean (sb) or yeast extract as nitrogen source, all MRS salts medium and inoculated by 21 × 108 cfu/ml, pH 6.5 at 37°C for 24 hr anaerobically. This study gave us the possibility to use reuterin as food preservative to control pathogenic microorganisms and food spoilage.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89250356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-24DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000155
S. Holowacz, C. Blondeau, I. Guinobert, A. Guilbot, Sophie Hidalgo-Lucas, J. Bisson
Probiotics have been shown to have preventive and therapeutic effects on diarrhea. Because effects tend to be strain specific, benefit of a strain or mixture has to be substantiated by experimental evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects of a probiotic mixture (Lactibiane Imedia®, PiLeJe). Castor oil-induced diarrhea test was performed in Wistar rats following oral administration of probiotics (20 × 109, 30 × 109 or 40 × 109 CFU/kg), loperamide (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (water; 10 mL/kg). Time to initial evacuation, number of feces and diarrheal feces, fresh weight and water content of the feces and body weight loss were monitored. Behavioral parameters (eye closing, abnormal posture, activity, fur aspect) were used as pain indices. Probable mechanisms of action were evaluated by using the castor oil-induced enteropooling and charcoal meal transit tests. Probiotics significantly and dose-dependently delayed onset time to first feces and had a beneficial effect on all other parameters (p 90%) at the two highest doses tested (30 × 109 or 40 × 109 CFU/kg) without completely blocking defecation (65.7% at 30 × 109 CFU/kg). Behavioral parameters were improved with probiotics compared to vehicle, improvement that was not observed with loperamide. Probiotics significantly and dose-dependently decreased the volume of intestinal fluid (p<0.05 versus vehicle) in the enteropooling test and transit time of charcoal meal. These results indicate that the probiotic mixture tested is strongly antidiarrheic through the combination of antimotility and antisecretory properties. Observations are also in favor of an antinociceptive effect. Agents that can decrease both intestinal hypersecretion and motility are very useful in the management of diarrhea therefore, our probiotic mixture could be an effective alternative to standard drugs.
{"title":"Antidiarrheal and Antinociceptive Effects of a Probiotic Mixture in Rats","authors":"S. Holowacz, C. Blondeau, I. Guinobert, A. Guilbot, Sophie Hidalgo-Lucas, J. Bisson","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics have been shown to have preventive and therapeutic effects on diarrhea. Because effects tend to be strain specific, benefit of a strain or mixture has to be substantiated by experimental evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiarrheal and antinociceptive effects of a probiotic mixture (Lactibiane Imedia®, PiLeJe). Castor oil-induced diarrhea test was performed in Wistar rats following oral administration of probiotics (20 × 109, 30 × 109 or 40 × 109 CFU/kg), loperamide (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (water; 10 mL/kg). Time to initial evacuation, number of feces and diarrheal feces, fresh weight and water content of the feces and body weight loss were monitored. Behavioral parameters (eye closing, abnormal posture, activity, fur aspect) were used as pain indices. Probable mechanisms of action were evaluated by using the castor oil-induced enteropooling and charcoal meal transit tests. Probiotics significantly and dose-dependently delayed onset time to first feces and had a beneficial effect on all other parameters (p 90%) at the two highest doses tested (30 × 109 or 40 × 109 CFU/kg) without completely blocking defecation (65.7% at 30 × 109 CFU/kg). Behavioral parameters were improved with probiotics compared to vehicle, improvement that was not observed with loperamide. Probiotics significantly and dose-dependently decreased the volume of intestinal fluid (p<0.05 versus vehicle) in the enteropooling test and transit time of charcoal meal. These results indicate that the probiotic mixture tested is strongly antidiarrheic through the combination of antimotility and antisecretory properties. Observations are also in favor of an antinociceptive effect. Agents that can decrease both intestinal hypersecretion and motility are very useful in the management of diarrhea therefore, our probiotic mixture could be an effective alternative to standard drugs.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86348231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-04DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000151
R. Murugaiah, Praneetha Palasuberniam, M. Falah, H. Al-Talib
Prompt restoration of lost fluids and salts is the primary goal of cholera treatment. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with high-osmolarity mixture of glucose and salts has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and proved to be safe and effective in treating and preventing dehydration in cholera patient. The standard WHO-oral rehydration salt (WHO-ORS) prevents millions of deaths each year. Studies of food-based ORS versus WHO-ORS, demonstrated an improved outcome such as reduce purging, short duration of watery diarrhoeas, early recovery and low hospitalization rate. Moreover, food-based ORS provide additional nutrients to supplement WHOORS. In the short term, recommending food-based ORS will probably benefit a greater number of cholera patients.
{"title":"Food based Oral Rehydration Therapy: Towards a Better Cholera Treatment","authors":"R. Murugaiah, Praneetha Palasuberniam, M. Falah, H. Al-Talib","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"Prompt restoration of lost fluids and salts is the primary goal of cholera treatment. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with high-osmolarity mixture of glucose and salts has been recommended by the World Health Organization \u0000 (WHO) and proved to be safe and effective in treating and preventing dehydration in cholera patient. The standard \u0000 WHO-oral rehydration salt (WHO-ORS) prevents millions of deaths each year. Studies of food-based ORS versus \u0000 WHO-ORS, demonstrated an improved outcome such as reduce purging, short duration of watery diarrhoeas, early \u0000 recovery and low hospitalization rate. Moreover, food-based ORS provide additional nutrients to supplement WHOORS. \u0000 In the short term, recommending food-based ORS will probably benefit a greater number of cholera patients.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79352138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-21DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000150
O. S. Egbule, U. Owhe-Ureghe, E. E. Odih
A survey of the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains obtained from stool samples collected from children with diarrhea attending General hospital Warri, General Hospital Agbor, Eku General Hospital and University of Benin teaching Hospital was carried out. All isolates were obtained using standard microbiological and biochemical procedures. Serological analysis to detect E. coli O157 strains was carried out using the dry spot E. coli O157 test kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disc diffusion method. A total of 46 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from the 60 stool samples. All Escherichia coli isolated were 100% resistant to cefixime. The lowest level of resistance was observed in nitrofuratoin (15%). Serotypes O157 exhibited 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime and cefixime. The ability of E. coli O157 strains to transfer antimicrobial resistance traits by conjugation was detected using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as recipient. High level of resistance transferred was observed. The ease of transfer exhibited by E. coli O157 strains amongst children in this study is an issue of concern. As such, an early identification and understanding of the epidemiology of this resistance will enable the development of preventive strategies which can curtail this emerging resistance, thereby facilitating a timely and appropriate public health response.
{"title":"Occurrence of Multidrug Resistance among E. coli O157:H7 Isolated fromStool Samples Obtained from Hospitalized Children","authors":"O. S. Egbule, U. Owhe-Ureghe, E. E. Odih","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000150","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains obtained from stool samples collected from children with diarrhea attending General hospital Warri, General Hospital Agbor, Eku General Hospital and University of Benin teaching Hospital was carried out. All isolates were obtained using standard microbiological and biochemical procedures. Serological analysis to detect E. coli O157 strains was carried out using the dry spot E. coli O157 test kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disc diffusion method. A total of 46 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from the 60 stool samples. All Escherichia coli isolated were 100% resistant to cefixime. The lowest level of resistance was observed in nitrofuratoin (15%). Serotypes O157 exhibited 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime and cefixime. The ability of E. coli O157 strains to transfer antimicrobial resistance traits by conjugation was detected using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as recipient. High level of resistance transferred was observed. The ease of transfer exhibited by E. coli O157 strains amongst children in this study is an issue of concern. As such, an early identification and understanding of the epidemiology of this resistance will enable the development of preventive strategies which can curtail this emerging resistance, thereby facilitating a timely and appropriate public health response.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"429 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83589335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000E124
A. Nikkhah
This article highlights the pragmatic significance of running as a working probiotic for humans worldwide. Running promotes gut health and immunity through known and unknown mechanisms and contributes to improved cardiovascular function and health. It is feasible that running postpones aging and acts as a strong antic-cancer. Research is needed to further elaborate on these.
{"title":"Running a Pragmatic Anti-Cancer Probiotic","authors":"A. Nikkhah","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000E124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000E124","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the pragmatic significance of running as a working probiotic for humans worldwide. Running promotes gut health and immunity through known and unknown mechanisms and contributes to improved cardiovascular function and health. It is feasible that running postpones aging and acts as a strong antic-cancer. Research is needed to further elaborate on these.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90110951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-25DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000147
Emon Chatterjee, Suba G. A. Manuel, S. S. Hassan
The concept of modulating gut health through diet is not new and dates back to at least the beginning of the 20th century. However, it is only recently that sound scientific rationales have been proposed and investigated. Three microflora modulation tools have emerged, the addition of exogenous living microorganisms to foods (i.e., probiotics), the selective stimulation of the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms indigenous to the gut (i.e., prebiotics), and a combination of both approaches (i.e., synbiotics). Fruit wastes which are highly perishable and seasonal, is a problem to the processing industries and pollution monitoring agencies. A valuable byproduct that can be obtained from fruit wastes is pectin. An effort was taken to extract pectin from different fruit waste (Musa sp. and Citrus limetta and rind of Citrullus lanatus and putrefied fruits of Solanum lycopersicum and Psidium guajava). An attempt was made to observe the enhancement of growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB-Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum) by introducing the pectin samples from the above fruit waste. It was observed that pectin was able to enhance the growth of the bacteria and the titrable acidity considerably. Hence it can be concluded that pectin that is extracted from fruit waste can be used to enhance the growth of LAB. The current study aims to prove pectin as a potential prebiotic.
{"title":"Effect of Fruit Pectin on Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria","authors":"Emon Chatterjee, Suba G. A. Manuel, S. S. Hassan","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000147","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of modulating gut health through diet is not new and dates back to at least the beginning of the 20th century. However, it is only recently that sound scientific rationales have been proposed and investigated. Three microflora modulation tools have emerged, the addition of exogenous living microorganisms to foods (i.e., probiotics), the selective stimulation of the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms indigenous to the gut (i.e., prebiotics), and a combination of both approaches (i.e., synbiotics). Fruit wastes which are highly perishable and seasonal, is a problem to the processing industries and pollution monitoring agencies. A valuable byproduct that can be obtained from fruit wastes is pectin. An effort was taken to extract pectin from different fruit waste (Musa sp. and Citrus limetta and rind of Citrullus lanatus and putrefied fruits of Solanum lycopersicum and Psidium guajava). An attempt was made to observe the enhancement of growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB-Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum) by introducing the pectin samples from the above fruit waste. It was observed that pectin was able to enhance the growth of the bacteria and the titrable acidity considerably. Hence it can be concluded that pectin that is extracted from fruit waste can be used to enhance the growth of LAB. The current study aims to prove pectin as a potential prebiotic.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72770651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000146
E. Daliri, D. Oh, B. Lee
The inseparable association between man and microbes has long been known and some of their benefits are well documented. However, the use of bacteria as therapeutics has attracted much interest. Much is known about the ability of gut microbes to enhance immunity, lower cholesterol levels, improve gut barrier functions and many more benefits. Although it is evident that the gut and brain communicate through biochemical signaling which often involves the gut microbiota, it is still not clear whether or not gut manipulations through probiotic administration can correct or treat neurological problems. Many studies have shown that patients with neurodegenerative diseases also have gut dysbiosis and other studies have also shown the ability of certain gut bacteria to synthesize neurotransmitters. Yet, do these probiotics produce enough neuroactive chemicals to influence physiology? Are there precautions to be taken, since such probiotics may cause undesirable effects? This review discusses our current knowledge on the ability of probiotics to affect the central nervous system (CNS) and their potential use in neurodegenerative therapy. Some knowledge gaps left in this area of research have also been highlighted.
{"title":"Psychobiotics; A Promise for Neurodevelopmental Therapy","authors":"E. Daliri, D. Oh, B. Lee","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000146","url":null,"abstract":"The inseparable association between man and microbes has long been known and some of their benefits are well documented. However, the use of bacteria as therapeutics has attracted much interest. Much is known about the ability of gut microbes to enhance immunity, lower cholesterol levels, improve gut barrier functions and many more benefits. Although it is evident that the gut and brain communicate through biochemical signaling which often involves the gut microbiota, it is still not clear whether or not gut manipulations through probiotic administration can correct or treat neurological problems. Many studies have shown that patients with neurodegenerative diseases also have gut dysbiosis and other studies have also shown the ability of certain gut bacteria to synthesize neurotransmitters. Yet, do these probiotics produce enough neuroactive chemicals to influence physiology? Are there precautions to be taken, since such probiotics may cause undesirable effects? This review discusses our current knowledge on the ability of probiotics to affect the central nervous system (CNS) and their potential use in neurodegenerative therapy. Some knowledge gaps left in this area of research have also been highlighted.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"147 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75723900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000143
C. Torres, Peter J Economou
There is evidence that when individuals suffer from indigestion (e.g., acid reflux, Crohn's Disease, or any other stomach related ailment), there is a significant likelihood that those individuals have also experienced various mental health symptoms. According to a national survey completed in 2013 by the National Alliance on Mental Illness, mood disorders are the third most common cause of hospitalization in the U.S. for adults between the ages 18 to 44. Gastrointestinal diseases affect an estimated 60 to 70 million Americans annually. More than 100 trillion bacteria live in our gut and 99% of the DNA in our body is bacterial. A study that was conducted in Ireland found that the mice that were born by caesarean section were significantly more anxious and had symptoms of depression. The inability to pick up their mothers’ vaginal microbes during birth may cause lifelong changes in mental health. Probiotics help treat irritable bowel syndrome, infectious diarrhea, some skin conditions, and help to improve digestion and regularity overall. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the use of a daily probiotic and the quality of general mental health. While the main hypotheses for this study were not fully supported, there are significant findings to discuss with regard to mental and physical health, exercise and probiotics.
有证据表明，当个人患有消化不良(例如，胃酸反流、克罗恩病或任何其他与胃有关的疾病)时，这些人很有可能也经历过各种心理健康症状。根据全国精神疾病联盟(national Alliance on Mental Illness) 2013年完成的一项全国性调查，情绪障碍是美国18岁至44岁成年人住院治疗的第三大常见原因。胃肠疾病每年影响大约六千万到七千万美国人。超过100万亿个细菌生活在我们的肠道中，我们体内99%的DNA都是细菌。在爱尔兰进行的一项研究发现，剖腹产出生的老鼠明显更焦虑，并有抑郁症状。在出生时无法获得母亲阴道微生物可能会导致终生的心理健康变化。益生菌有助于治疗肠易激综合征，感染性腹泻，一些皮肤状况，并有助于改善消化和整体规律性。本研究的目的是确定每日使用益生菌与一般心理健康质量之间是否存在显著相关性。虽然这项研究的主要假设没有得到充分支持，但在心理和身体健康、运动和益生菌方面有重要的发现可以讨论。
{"title":"Probiotics can Improve Mood: A Correlational Study Investigating the Relationship between Probiotics and Overall Mental Health","authors":"C. Torres, Peter J Economou","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000143","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that when individuals suffer from indigestion (e.g., acid reflux, Crohn's Disease, or any other stomach related ailment), there is a significant likelihood that those individuals have also experienced various mental health symptoms. According to a national survey completed in 2013 by the National Alliance on Mental Illness, mood disorders are the third most common cause of hospitalization in the U.S. for adults between the ages 18 to 44. Gastrointestinal diseases affect an estimated 60 to 70 million Americans annually. More than 100 trillion bacteria live in our gut and 99% of the DNA in our body is bacterial. A study that was conducted in Ireland found that the mice that were born by caesarean section were significantly more anxious and had symptoms of depression. The inability to pick up their mothers’ vaginal microbes during birth may cause lifelong changes in mental health. Probiotics help treat irritable bowel syndrome, infectious diarrhea, some skin conditions, and help to improve digestion and regularity overall. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the use of a daily probiotic and the quality of general mental health. While the main hypotheses for this study were not fully supported, there are significant findings to discuss with regard to mental and physical health, exercise and probiotics.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"110 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76095706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000142
S. Warrack, M. Ziegler, M. Duster, P. Panjikar, N. Safdar
Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is an organism of major concern in hospital settings because of transmission in healthcare facilities. Purpose: To examine the feasibility and tolerability of a probiotic, VSL#, to reduce colonization among subjects at risk of VRE infection. Methods: Randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Results: Fifty subjects were enrolled and randomized. Over half of the subjects were solid organ transplant recipients and/or immune compromised. The probiotic was well tolerated in the study population except for minor side effects such as nausea and bloating. A 30% withdrawal rate in this population was found. Conclusion: Probiotics were well tolerated in our study population of largely immune compromised subjects with multiple comorbidities. Adherence to the intervention was low but not unexpected due to complexity of the of the study population. Future studies should examine ways to improve adherence to probiotics and subject retention in treatment trials in immune compromised patients.
{"title":"A Pilot Randomized Trial to Determine the Tolerability of a Probiotic in Patients Colonized with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus","authors":"S. Warrack, M. Ziegler, M. Duster, P. Panjikar, N. Safdar","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000142","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is an organism of major concern in hospital settings because of transmission in healthcare facilities. \u0000Purpose: To examine the feasibility and tolerability of a probiotic, VSL#, to reduce colonization among subjects at risk of VRE infection. \u0000Methods: Randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. \u0000Results: Fifty subjects were enrolled and randomized. Over half of the subjects were solid organ transplant recipients and/or immune compromised. The probiotic was well tolerated in the study population except for minor side effects such as nausea and bloating. A 30% withdrawal rate in this population was found. \u0000Conclusion: Probiotics were well tolerated in our study population of largely immune compromised subjects with multiple comorbidities. Adherence to the intervention was low but not unexpected due to complexity of the of the study population. Future studies should examine ways to improve adherence to probiotics and subject retention in treatment trials in immune compromised patients.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76366722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-22DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000139
Linshu Liu, Jenni Firrman, Gustavo Arango Argoty, P. Tomasula, M. Kobori, Liqing Zhang, Weidong Xiao
Plant polyphenols quercetin and naringenin are considered healthy dietary compounds; however, little is known of their effect on the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). In this study it was discovered that both quercetin and naringenin produced temporary inhibition of LGG growth, particularly at 8 hours post inoculation, with LGG eventually recovering from this suppression. The observed growth inhibition was regarded as a phenotypic response of LGG to the polyphenols; we hypothesized that the subsequent recovery was due to unknown, underlying genetic factors. The molecular response of LGG to quercetin and naringenin was determined through RNA analysis using the Helicos single molecule sequencing platform. The expression profiles of LGG grown in the presence of either quercetin or naringenin were divergent from each other, with only a few similarities, indicating that these polyphenols inhibit growth through separate mechanisms. LGG treated with quercetin demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, and a decrease in expression of genes involved in metabolism and protein movement through the cell wall. LGG treated with naringenin resulted in an increase of genes associated with metabolism, and a decrease in genes involved in stress response. Results from this study demonstrate that there is a clear interaction between the polyphenols quercetin and naringenin and the probiotic LGG. The RNA expression analysis provides unique insight into the molecular response of LGG to quercetin and naringenin, revealing an identifiable pattern of gene expression.
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