Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000149
Bernard J Varian, Tatiana Levkovich, T. Poutahidis, Y. Ibrahim, A. Perrotta, E. Alm, S. Erdman
Cohabitation with pet dogs imparts diverse health benefits to humans including a slim physique. It is known that neuropeptide hormone oxytocin fundamental in human-canine social bonds regulates appetite and body weight. It was recently shown in mice that consuming Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 from human breast milk lowers body weight and up-regulates oxytocin levels in blood. Here we test the hypothesis that bacteria from dog saliva may similarly modulate recipient host body weight. We find that a Lactobacillus spp isolate from dog saliva led to lower body weight when fed to C57BL/6 wild type mice. Mice consuming the canineborne L. reuteri also had elevated oxytocin levels in blood plasma, and exhibited body weight in an oxytocin-dependent manner. Interestingly, killed (lysed) canine bacteria were sufficient to achieve the physiological effects. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that dog bacteria modulate oxytocin levels and body weight in recipient mice, and thus may help reduce risk of obesity in individuals cohabitating with pet dogs.
{"title":"Beneficial Dog Bacteria Up-Regulate Oxytocin and Lower Risk of Obesity","authors":"Bernard J Varian, Tatiana Levkovich, T. Poutahidis, Y. Ibrahim, A. Perrotta, E. Alm, S. Erdman","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000149","url":null,"abstract":"Cohabitation with pet dogs imparts diverse health benefits to humans including a slim physique. It is known that neuropeptide hormone oxytocin fundamental in human-canine social bonds regulates appetite and body weight. It was recently shown in mice that consuming Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 from human breast milk lowers body weight and up-regulates oxytocin levels in blood. Here we test the hypothesis that bacteria from dog saliva may similarly modulate recipient host body weight. We find that a Lactobacillus spp isolate from dog saliva led to lower body weight when fed to C57BL/6 wild type mice. Mice consuming the canineborne L. reuteri also had elevated oxytocin levels in blood plasma, and exhibited body weight in an oxytocin-dependent manner. Interestingly, killed (lysed) canine bacteria were sufficient to achieve the physiological effects. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that dog bacteria modulate oxytocin levels and body weight in recipient mice, and thus may help reduce risk of obesity in individuals cohabitating with pet dogs.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82816497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000186
A. Aliasghari, M. R. Khorasgani, M. Khoroushi
Objective: Dental caries is the most common infectious diseases that are involved all groups, ages and classes of society people. Among the oral bacteria, streptococci especially Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius are known as the most important microbial agents in dental caries and dental plaque. Dental caries treatment imposes heavy costs in all countries. Although there are different chemical antimicrobial agents for the prevention of of dental caries, but their important side effects have reported. Therefore, many attempts have done for finding alternative safe medications specially natural ingredients. The aim of this research is determination of antimicrobial effects of vinegar, rose water and green tea against four cariogenic bacteria.Methods: The antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of vinegar, rose water and green tea against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus salivarius are evaluated with disc diffusion, well plate and microtitre plate methods, also the effects of them against biofilm formation were studied.Results: The results showed vinegar, rose water and green tea significantly reduced biofilm formation of the streptococci. Vinegar and green tea decreased more then 70% the adhesion of streptococci but rose water decreased more then 70% of S. salivarius, more then 60% of S. sobrinus, S. sanguis and more then 50% of S. mutans adhesion. The diameter of highest inhibition zone was 24.2 mm for Streptococcus salivarius and 22 mm for Streptococcus salivarius against vinegar.The MIC of vinegar was for S. salivarius 0.0312 and MBC was 0.0625 (P<0.05), but the MIC of green tea for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius was 7.81 mg/ml and its MBC was 31.25 mg/ml which was significantly less than that for Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus salivarius which was 15.625 and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The MIC of rose water for Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius was 1.Conclusions: This results indicated the potential capacity of vinegar, rose water and green tea for prevention or control of cariogenic streptococci proliferation.
{"title":"The Effect of Vinegar, Rose Water and Ethanolic Extract Green Tea Against Oral Streptococci , an In Vitro Study","authors":"A. Aliasghari, M. R. Khorasgani, M. Khoroushi","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dental caries is the most common infectious diseases that are involved all groups, ages and classes of society people. Among the oral bacteria, streptococci especially Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius are known as the most important microbial agents in dental caries and dental plaque. Dental caries treatment imposes heavy costs in all countries. Although there are different chemical antimicrobial agents for the prevention of of dental caries, but their important side effects have reported. Therefore, many attempts have done for finding alternative safe medications specially natural ingredients. The aim of this research is determination of antimicrobial effects of vinegar, rose water and green tea against four cariogenic bacteria.Methods: The antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of vinegar, rose water and green tea against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus salivarius are evaluated with disc diffusion, well plate and microtitre plate methods, also the effects of them against biofilm formation were studied.Results: The results showed vinegar, rose water and green tea significantly reduced biofilm formation of the streptococci. Vinegar and green tea decreased more then 70% the adhesion of streptococci but rose water decreased more then 70% of S. salivarius, more then 60% of S. sobrinus, S. sanguis and more then 50% of S. mutans adhesion. The diameter of highest inhibition zone was 24.2 mm for Streptococcus salivarius and 22 mm for Streptococcus salivarius against vinegar.The MIC of vinegar was for S. salivarius 0.0312 and MBC was 0.0625 (P<0.05), but the MIC of green tea for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius was 7.81 mg/ml and its MBC was 31.25 mg/ml which was significantly less than that for Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus salivarius which was 15.625 and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The MIC of rose water for Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius was 1.Conclusions: This results indicated the potential capacity of vinegar, rose water and green tea for prevention or control of cariogenic streptococci proliferation.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89196021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000166
K. De
Background: Menarche is defined as the first menstrual period. It is considered to be the most obvious sign of puberty in girls. It has been regarded in many cultures as a transitional step to womanhood. Nutrients are needed in varying amounts depending on one’s stage of growth. Objectives: Compare Anthropometric variation of Pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal girls, Effect of body fat on menarcheal status. Study design: This study is done on adolescent counselling centre named anwesha clinic Anthrometric measurement are taken for this study. Method: Subjects: Adolescent school girls aged 10-19 years of Salboni Block of Paschim Medinipur the study area of Salboni Block is 25 km away from Medinipur town. Subjects are 10-19 years adolescent girl, the study were done on 1009 girls. Age at menarche of each girl was obtained by ‘status-quo’ method; with this method it is possible to collect menarche data for large representative samples of girls within a comparatively short period. Results: By comparison of Anthropometric variable it shows that post-menarcheal is higher anthropometric status. Mean difference in height, weight, MUAC, Triceps, Biceps, Fat Mass, Fat Free Mass, Body Mass Index, per cent body fat are 8.73, 3.69. 3.75, 1.56, 9.2.5.2, 4.99, 2.96, 2.41; they are significant comparison of pre-menache and post-menacheal anthropometric shows post-menarcheal girls’ anthropometric status is high. Higher per cent body fat girls experience early menarche Conclusion: Delayed menarche may be a sign of malnutrition since as nutritional status improves; the attainment of menarche is lowered. Attainment of menarche decreases when BMI increases. There is a correlation between BMI and attainment of menarche and also, there is a correlation between early obesity and early onset of menarche. Girls with early onset of menarche had higher BMI than those with late onset of menarche.
{"title":"Study of Anthropometric Characteristic Pre-menarcheal and Postmenarcheal Girls of West Medinipur, India","authors":"K. De","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Menarche is defined as the first menstrual period. It is considered to be the most obvious sign of puberty in girls. It has been regarded in many cultures as a transitional step to womanhood. Nutrients are needed in varying amounts depending on one’s stage of growth. Objectives: Compare Anthropometric variation of Pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal girls, Effect of body fat on menarcheal status. Study design: This study is done on adolescent counselling centre named anwesha clinic Anthrometric measurement are taken for this study. Method: Subjects: Adolescent school girls aged 10-19 years of Salboni Block of Paschim Medinipur the study area of Salboni Block is 25 km away from Medinipur town. Subjects are 10-19 years adolescent girl, the study were done on 1009 girls. Age at menarche of each girl was obtained by ‘status-quo’ method; with this method it is possible to collect menarche data for large representative samples of girls within a comparatively short period. Results: By comparison of Anthropometric variable it shows that post-menarcheal is higher anthropometric status. Mean difference in height, weight, MUAC, Triceps, Biceps, Fat Mass, Fat Free Mass, Body Mass Index, per cent body fat are 8.73, 3.69. 3.75, 1.56, 9.2.5.2, 4.99, 2.96, 2.41; they are significant comparison of pre-menache and post-menacheal anthropometric shows post-menarcheal girls’ anthropometric status is high. Higher per cent body fat girls experience early menarche Conclusion: Delayed menarche may be a sign of malnutrition since as nutritional status improves; the attainment of menarche is lowered. Attainment of menarche decreases when BMI increases. There is a correlation between BMI and attainment of menarche and also, there is a correlation between early obesity and early onset of menarche. Girls with early onset of menarche had higher BMI than those with late onset of menarche.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77493973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000185
K. Azizpour, K. V. Kessel, R. Oudega, F. Rutten
Platelet-activation and agonist-induced platelet aggregation process to the pathogenesis of Infective Endocarditis (IE), bacteremia symptoms or other thrombotic complications and cardiovascular diseases. Activation of platelets by probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains is considered as thrombotic initiative factor contributing to the development and progression of Lactobacillus endocarditis. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the immunologic enhancement effect of probiotic strains L. plantarum, L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus on the activation of blood platelets. Whole fresh blood flow cytometry was used to measure p-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding at basal levels and following stimulation with platelet agonists and probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains. Platelet activation was determined by labelling with FITC-conjugated anti-human fibrinogen and phycoerythrin (PE)- conjugated anti-human CD62p before analysis by flow cytometry. Thrombin Receptor Activator Peptide-6 (TRAP-6) was used as positive control. The percentage of CD62p-positive platelets, FITC-conjugated and the light scatter profiles of the agonist-activated platelets were used to identify the occurrence and degree of platelet activation. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains included in this study did not show any effect on spontaneous activation of human blood platelets. These test strains also failed to exacerbate or diminish the platelet activation property when co-incubated with TRAP-6 platelet agonist. Hence, this is the first in vitro report showing the safety of a group of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in terms of their potential to contribute to the pathogenesis of infective endocarditic (IE), bacteremia symptoms or other thrombotic disorders and correlated cardiovascular complications by initiating the platelet activation.
{"title":"The Effect of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Strains on the Platelet Activation: A Flow Cytometry-Based Study","authors":"K. Azizpour, K. V. Kessel, R. Oudega, F. Rutten","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Platelet-activation and agonist-induced platelet aggregation process to the pathogenesis of Infective Endocarditis (IE), bacteremia symptoms or other thrombotic complications and cardiovascular diseases. Activation of platelets by probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains is considered as thrombotic initiative factor contributing to the development and progression of Lactobacillus endocarditis. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the immunologic enhancement effect of probiotic strains L. plantarum, L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus on the activation of blood platelets. Whole fresh blood flow cytometry was used to measure p-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding at basal levels and following stimulation with platelet agonists and probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains. Platelet activation was determined by labelling with FITC-conjugated anti-human fibrinogen and phycoerythrin (PE)- conjugated anti-human CD62p before analysis by flow cytometry. Thrombin Receptor Activator Peptide-6 (TRAP-6) was used as positive control. The percentage of CD62p-positive platelets, FITC-conjugated and the light scatter profiles of the agonist-activated platelets were used to identify the occurrence and degree of platelet activation. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains included in this study did not show any effect on spontaneous activation of human blood platelets. These test strains also failed to exacerbate or diminish the platelet activation property when co-incubated with TRAP-6 platelet agonist. Hence, this is the first in vitro report showing the safety of a group of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in terms of their potential to contribute to the pathogenesis of infective endocarditic (IE), bacteremia symptoms or other thrombotic disorders and correlated cardiovascular complications by initiating the platelet activation.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84858149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000189
Anamaria Cuentas, J. Deaton, J. Davidson, Courtney S. Ardita, Sonaina Khan
Objective: Bacillus subtilis probiotics have been shown to influence several aspects of the human gut including motility, epithelial strength, inflammation, etc. that may change bowel movement frequency and/or type. To explore the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) DE111 in this regard, 50 people were evaluated by their stool profile, food diary and questionnaire while taking a probiotic or placebo daily over the course of 105-days.Method: The stools were scored based on the Bristol Stool Chart index and safety was assessed using blood markers during the 0, 45 and 105 days.Results: Statistically significant results showed those in the DE111 group moved to a healthier bowel index while those in the Placebo group stayed the same.Conclusion: The study provided evidence that DE111 may improve occasional constipation and/or diarrhea in healthy individuals.
{"title":"The Effect of Bacillus subtilis DE111 on the Daily Bowel Movement Profile for People with Occasional Gastrointestinal Irregularity","authors":"Anamaria Cuentas, J. Deaton, J. Davidson, Courtney S. Ardita, Sonaina Khan","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Bacillus subtilis probiotics have been shown to influence several aspects of the human gut including motility, epithelial strength, inflammation, etc. that may change bowel movement frequency and/or type. To explore the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) DE111 in this regard, 50 people were evaluated by their stool profile, food diary and questionnaire while taking a probiotic or placebo daily over the course of 105-days.Method: The stools were scored based on the Bristol Stool Chart index and safety was assessed using blood markers during the 0, 45 and 105 days.Results: Statistically significant results showed those in the DE111 group moved to a healthier bowel index while those in the Placebo group stayed the same.Conclusion: The study provided evidence that DE111 may improve occasional constipation and/or diarrhea in healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78415749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000168
Jigeesha Jetti, Aravind Jetti, Raju Perla
L-Asparaginase appears to be highly effective especially in children with newly diagnosed Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prolonged L-Asparaginase intensification improved the outcome significantly. Nowadays L-Asparaginase is an essential drug that is used to treat children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia all over the world. Its potential is now well established, as it has remarkably induced remission in most of the patients suffering with this disease. This therapy has brought a major breakthrough in modern oncology and with the development of its new functions, a great demand for L-Asparaginase is expected in the coming years. Keeping the potential of this particular enzyme in cancer treatment, the present work is planned with an intention of optimizing the production of L-Asparaginase both by conventional as well as by genetic engineering techniques. Pectobacterium carotovorum is selected for the present work based on its potentiality in cancer treatment and due to less glutaminase activity compared to the enzyme sourced from E. coli. Microbial culture was procured from MTCC, Chandigarh and screened for L-Asparaginase production in plate method and identified the activity based on the formation of pink color zone after overnight incubation.
l -天冬酰胺酶似乎是非常有效的，特别是对儿童新诊断急性淋巴细胞白血病。延长l -天冬酰胺酶强化治疗可显著改善预后。目前，l -天冬酰胺酶是世界上用于治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的重要药物。它的潜力现在已经得到了充分的证实，因为它在大多数患有这种疾病的患者中显著地诱导了缓解。该疗法为现代肿瘤学带来了重大突破，随着其新功能的开发，预计l -天冬酰胺酶在未来几年将有很大的需求。为了保持这种特殊酶在癌症治疗中的潜力，目前的工作计划通过传统和基因工程技术来优化l -天冬酰胺酶的生产。选择胡萝卜乳杆菌进行本研究是基于其治疗癌症的潜力，以及与大肠杆菌来源的酶相比，其谷氨酰胺酶活性较低。从昌迪加尔的MTCC采购微生物培养物，用平板法筛选l -天冬酰胺酶的产生，并根据过夜培养后形成的粉红色区域确定活性。
{"title":"Production of L-Aparaginase by Using Pectobacterium carotovorum","authors":"Jigeesha Jetti, Aravind Jetti, Raju Perla","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"L-Asparaginase appears to be highly effective especially in children with newly diagnosed Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prolonged L-Asparaginase intensification improved the outcome significantly. Nowadays L-Asparaginase is an essential drug that is used to treat children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia all over the world. Its potential is now well established, as it has remarkably induced remission in most of the patients suffering with this disease. This therapy has brought a major breakthrough in modern oncology and with the development of its new functions, a great demand for L-Asparaginase is expected in the coming years. Keeping the potential of this particular enzyme in cancer treatment, the present work is planned with an intention of optimizing the production of L-Asparaginase both by conventional as well as by genetic engineering techniques. Pectobacterium carotovorum is selected for the present work based on its potentiality in cancer treatment and due to less glutaminase activity compared to the enzyme sourced from E. coli. Microbial culture was procured from MTCC, Chandigarh and screened for L-Asparaginase production in plate method and identified the activity based on the formation of pink color zone after overnight incubation.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89532680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000162
V. Miniello, L. Diaferio, Carlotta Lass, Ro, E. Verduci
The human gut microbiota plays a very important part in the host’s life, being closely interconnected to its health. Upon birth, a well-balanced bacterial colonization of the infant gut has a profound impact on programming short and long term metabolic and immune homeostasis. Despite the fact that most of the causality is not yet fully understood, shift in the commensal gut microbial communities with implication to disease is often referred to as dysbiosis. Infants who tend to have a delayed and/or aberrant initial colonization with reduced microbial diversity and richness, whether induced by Caesarean section, premature delivery, or excessive use of perinatal antibiotics, could be more at risk for chronic health conditions associated with metabolic and immune disorders. Exploration of the long-term effects of this abnormal microbial number and diversity is critically needed in order to intervene early in the aberrant intestinal composition and restore numerous homeostatic systems (e.g. energy balance, glucose metabolism and immunity). Dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota through the so called ‘gut microbiota biomodulators’ (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics) represents a promising preventive avenue. This review aims to highlight factors that influence the gut microbiota soon after birth and discusses the potential gut-driven pathophysiologic pathways involved in intestinal dysbiosis and the gut microbiota-modulating effects of probiotics early in life.
{"title":"The Importance of Being Eubiotic","authors":"V. Miniello, L. Diaferio, Carlotta Lass, Ro, E. Verduci","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"The human gut microbiota plays a very important part in the host’s life, being closely interconnected to its health. Upon birth, a well-balanced bacterial colonization of the infant gut has a profound impact on programming short and long term metabolic and immune homeostasis. Despite the fact that most of the causality is not yet fully understood, shift in the commensal gut microbial communities with implication to disease is often referred to as dysbiosis. Infants who tend to have a delayed and/or aberrant initial colonization with reduced microbial diversity and richness, whether induced by Caesarean section, premature delivery, or excessive use of perinatal antibiotics, could be more at risk for chronic health conditions associated with metabolic and immune disorders. Exploration of the long-term effects of this abnormal microbial number and diversity is critically needed in order to intervene early in the aberrant intestinal composition and restore numerous homeostatic systems (e.g. energy balance, glucose metabolism and immunity). Dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota through the so called ‘gut microbiota biomodulators’ (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics) represents a promising preventive avenue. This review aims to highlight factors that influence the gut microbiota soon after birth and discusses the potential gut-driven pathophysiologic pathways involved in intestinal dysbiosis and the gut microbiota-modulating effects of probiotics early in life.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89789153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000164
A. Sharif, D. Kheirkhah, Parisa Shams Esf, Abadi, Seyed Behrooz Masoudi, N. Ajorpaz, M. Sharif
Diarrhea is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age, especially in developing countries. Due to dehydration and imbalance of water and electrolytes in the body. There is a need to introduce alternative ways for management of this common health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of regular and probiotic yogurt on duration and frequency of diarrhea in children aged one to five with acute watery diarrhea. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to three groups, two intervention groups, including regular and probiotic yogurt groups, and a control group. In the regular yogurt group, the first significant decrease in frequency of diarrhea was 2.15 ± 0.61 days and in the probiotic group was 2.65 ± 0.72 days after admission to the hospital.
{"title":"Comparison of Regular and Probiotic Yogurts in Treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children","authors":"A. Sharif, D. Kheirkhah, Parisa Shams Esf, Abadi, Seyed Behrooz Masoudi, N. Ajorpaz, M. Sharif","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhea is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age, especially in developing countries. Due to dehydration and imbalance of water and electrolytes in the body. There is a need to introduce alternative ways for management of this common health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of regular and probiotic yogurt on duration and frequency of diarrhea in children aged one to five with acute watery diarrhea. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to three groups, two intervention groups, including regular and probiotic yogurt groups, and a control group. In the regular yogurt group, the first significant decrease in frequency of diarrhea was 2.15 ± 0.61 days and in the probiotic group was 2.65 ± 0.72 days after admission to the hospital.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-28DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000158
G. Piatti, A. Mannini, Schito Am, A. Musso, G. Santori
Clostridium difficile infection in human occurs when the organism is present and germinating in the bowel. Old age of patients’ and particular microorganisms in stools are identified as risk factors for the disease onset. We aimed to investigate if risk factors for C. difficile infections in a large Italian hospital were connected to C. difficile intestinal presence or to germination. Toxin B positivity was linked with age over 65 years (P=0.03), medical hospitalization (P=0.015) and growth of Enterobacteriaceae (P=0.029) and Enterococcus (P=0.05) from the same stools. The presence of tcdB was even more strictly linked with old age (P=0.005), medicine hospitalization (P=0.012) and growth of Enterobacteriaceae (P=0.003) and Enterococcus (P=0.04). Our results indicated that the presence of C. difficile in stools, irrespective of being spore or vegetative form, is reliably associated with old age of subjects and fecal presence of viable Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus.
{"title":"Old Age and Aerobic Microorganisms of Patients Affected by M. Clostridium difficile Infection are Associated Primarily with the Intestinal Presence of Clostridium difficile","authors":"G. Piatti, A. Mannini, Schito Am, A. Musso, G. Santori","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium difficile infection in human occurs when the organism is present and germinating in the bowel. Old age of patients’ and particular microorganisms in stools are identified as risk factors for the disease onset. We aimed to investigate if risk factors for C. difficile infections in a large Italian hospital were connected to C. difficile intestinal presence or to germination. Toxin B positivity was linked with age over 65 years (P=0.03), medical hospitalization (P=0.015) and growth of Enterobacteriaceae (P=0.029) and Enterococcus (P=0.05) from the same stools. The presence of tcdB was even more strictly linked with old age (P=0.005), medicine hospitalization (P=0.012) and growth of Enterobacteriaceae (P=0.003) and Enterococcus (P=0.04). Our results indicated that the presence of C. difficile in stools, irrespective of being spore or vegetative form, is reliably associated with old age of subjects and fecal presence of viable Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90479802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-11DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000157
F. Pavli, A. Argyri, Olga S. Papadopoulou, G. Nychas, N. Chorianopoulos, C. Tassou
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Greek traditional fermented products. A series of In vitro tests that included survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions (resistance to low pH, bile salts resistance and bile salts hydrolysis) and safety assessment (resistance to antibiotics, haemolytic and antimicrobial activity) were performed to select potential probiotic candidates, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei Shirota were used as reference strains. Initially, a total of 255 isolates of LAB have been recovered and screened for their survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and 133 isolates that exhibited moderate or good behavior in these tests were subsequently differentiated and characterized at species level with molecular tools. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis was applied for strain differentiation, while species differentiation was based on restriction analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene. Specific multiplex PCR assay targeting the recA genes was applied to resolve the species level of the isolates, belonged to Lb. plantarum group. From the 133 isolates, 47 different strains were recovered and were assigned to Lactobacillus sakei(14), Lactobacillus curvatus (4), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (4), Lactococcus lactis (4), Lactobacillus casei group (1), Lactobacillus brevis (1), Lb. plantarum (10), Lb. pentosus (7) and Lb. paraplantarum (2). The identified strains with good behavior to the gastrointestinal tract tests were selected and further evaluated for their safety aspect. In conclusion, 19 out of the 47 identified strains were assessed as well-behaved, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and also considered as safe, possessing thus desirable In vitro probiotic properties similar or better to that of the reference strains. These strains may be considered as good candidates for further investigation at in vivo and in situ studies to assess their potential health benefits and their performance as novel probiotic starters or adjunct cultures.
{"title":"Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Traditional Fermented Dairy and Meat Products: Assessment by In Vitro Tests and Molecular Characterization","authors":"F. Pavli, A. Argyri, Olga S. Papadopoulou, G. Nychas, N. Chorianopoulos, C. Tassou","doi":"10.4172/2329-8901.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8901.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Greek traditional fermented products. A series of In vitro tests that included survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions (resistance to low pH, bile salts resistance and bile salts hydrolysis) and safety assessment (resistance to antibiotics, haemolytic and antimicrobial activity) were performed to select potential probiotic candidates, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei Shirota were used as reference strains. Initially, a total of 255 isolates of LAB have been recovered and screened for their survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and 133 isolates that exhibited moderate or good behavior in these tests were subsequently differentiated and characterized at species level with molecular tools. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis was applied for strain differentiation, while species differentiation was based on restriction analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene. Specific multiplex PCR assay targeting the recA genes was applied to resolve the species level of the isolates, belonged to Lb. plantarum group. From the 133 isolates, 47 different strains were recovered and were assigned to Lactobacillus sakei(14), Lactobacillus curvatus (4), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (4), Lactococcus lactis (4), Lactobacillus casei group (1), Lactobacillus brevis (1), Lb. plantarum (10), Lb. pentosus (7) and Lb. paraplantarum (2). The identified strains with good behavior to the gastrointestinal tract tests were selected and further evaluated for their safety aspect. In conclusion, 19 out of the 47 identified strains were assessed as well-behaved, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and also considered as safe, possessing thus desirable In vitro probiotic properties similar or better to that of the reference strains. These strains may be considered as good candidates for further investigation at in vivo and in situ studies to assess their potential health benefits and their performance as novel probiotic starters or adjunct cultures.","PeriodicalId":16865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Probiotics & Health","volume":"109 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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