Christian Schlautmann, Robert Arlinghaus, Daniel Hering, Armin W. Lorenz, Christian Wolter, Christian Schürings
Fish migration through river networks is essential for completing life cycles and accessing critical habitats, but fragmentation increasingly disrupts spawning movements. In Europe, over one million barriers limit connectivity and create trade‐offs between ecological integrity and human uses, such as hydropower, flood control, fisheries and water storage. Furthermore, climate change can decrease habitat suitability, reinforcing migration needs to escape local extinctions. Limited knowledge of environmental triggers constrains species‐specific migration predictions. Here, we quantified the influence of seven environmental triggers—water temperature, flow, turbidity, cloud cover, rain, air pressure and radiation—on spawning migration of European freshwater fishes. A meta‐analysis of 112 studies (685,333 individuals, 953 effect sizes, 50 species) showed that water temperature was the dominant migration trigger. Radiation, turbidity and cloud cover showed weaker, context‐dependent effects, while effects of flow, rain and air pressure were non‐significant. Species‐specific average spawning migration temperatures correlated with upper limits of species‐specific thermal tolerances, indicating that migration timing reflects physiological constraints. Following this argument, we derive a new classification of thermal sensitivity for European freshwater fishes, distinguishing three thermal spawning guilds: cold (< 11°C), cool (11°C–15°C) and warm (> 15°C), with positive migration responses to temperature most frequently in warm‐water, less in cool‐water and rarely in cold‐water species. Our synthesis identifies gaps for species and triggers beyond temperature and flow, providing a quantitative basis for predicting spawning migration timing to guide conservation and connectivity restoration in European rivers.
{"title":"A Meta‐Analysis on Environmental Triggers of Spawning Migrations Reveals a New Classification of Thermal Guilds in European Freshwater Fishes","authors":"Christian Schlautmann, Robert Arlinghaus, Daniel Hering, Armin W. Lorenz, Christian Wolter, Christian Schürings","doi":"10.1111/faf.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Fish migration through river networks is essential for completing life cycles and accessing critical habitats, but fragmentation increasingly disrupts spawning movements. In Europe, over one million barriers limit connectivity and create trade‐offs between ecological integrity and human uses, such as hydropower, flood control, fisheries and water storage. Furthermore, climate change can decrease habitat suitability, reinforcing migration needs to escape local extinctions. Limited knowledge of environmental triggers constrains species‐specific migration predictions. Here, we quantified the influence of seven environmental triggers—water temperature, flow, turbidity, cloud cover, rain, air pressure and radiation—on spawning migration of European freshwater fishes. A meta‐analysis of 112 studies (685,333 individuals, 953 effect sizes, 50 species) showed that water temperature was the dominant migration trigger. Radiation, turbidity and cloud cover showed weaker, context‐dependent effects, while effects of flow, rain and air pressure were non‐significant. Species‐specific average spawning migration temperatures correlated with upper limits of species‐specific thermal tolerances, indicating that migration timing reflects physiological constraints. Following this argument, we derive a new classification of thermal sensitivity for European freshwater fishes, distinguishing three thermal spawning guilds: cold (< 11°C), cool (11°C–15°C) and warm (> 15°C), with positive migration responses to temperature most frequently in warm‐water, less in cool‐water and rarely in cold‐water species. Our synthesis identifies gaps for species and triggers beyond temperature and flow, providing a quantitative basis for predicting spawning migration timing to guide conservation and connectivity restoration in European rivers.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maite Erauskin‐Extramiana, Mireia Valle, Leonardo Cruz, Barbara Muhling, Jose A. Fernandes‐Salvador, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Stephanie Brodie, Elliott L. Hazen, Steven J. Bograd, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Gorka Merino, Nerea Lezama‐Ochoa
Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is an ecologically and economically valuable species. As global warming drives marine species toward cooler or deeper waters, ABFT distributions are expected to shift, potentially disrupting predator–prey dynamics and fisheries interactions. This study models future habitat suitability for ABFT, its primary prey (as a proxy for food availability), and the drifting longline fishery that targets adult ABFT under three climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5). Results indicate a poleward shift in ABFT distribution, with habitat losses in tropical regions and gains in boreal zones. Prey species show similar trends, increasing spatial overlap with ABFT in higher latitudes while decreasing in tropical areas. These boreal regions may act as climate refugia and bright spots , with a projected 15% increase in prey overlap by century's end. However, ABFT key spawning grounds—the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico—are projected to become significantly less suitable for adults, with habitat suitability declining by up to 27% and 73%, respectively, threatening reproductive success. Meanwhile, overlap with the drifting longline fishery may decline by 4%, unless fishing efforts also shift poleward. Regions such as Greenland and northern Europe may become increasingly important for ABFT persistence and expansion. These distributional changes could challenge current international agreements and quota systems, underscoring the need for adaptive, climate‐resilient management strategies.
{"title":"Navigating Future Waters: The Resilience of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Under Climate Change","authors":"Maite Erauskin‐Extramiana, Mireia Valle, Leonardo Cruz, Barbara Muhling, Jose A. Fernandes‐Salvador, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Stephanie Brodie, Elliott L. Hazen, Steven J. Bograd, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Gorka Merino, Nerea Lezama‐Ochoa","doi":"10.1111/faf.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is an ecologically and economically valuable species. As global warming drives marine species toward cooler or deeper waters, ABFT distributions are expected to shift, potentially disrupting predator–prey dynamics and fisheries interactions. This study models future habitat suitability for ABFT, its primary prey (as a proxy for food availability), and the drifting longline fishery that targets adult ABFT under three climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5). Results indicate a poleward shift in ABFT distribution, with habitat losses in tropical regions and gains in boreal zones. Prey species show similar trends, increasing spatial overlap with ABFT in higher latitudes while decreasing in tropical areas. These boreal regions may act as climate <jats:italic>refugia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bright spots</jats:italic> , with a projected 15% increase in prey overlap by century's end. However, ABFT key spawning grounds—the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico—are projected to become significantly less suitable for adults, with habitat suitability declining by up to 27% and 73%, respectively, threatening reproductive success. Meanwhile, overlap with the drifting longline fishery may decline by 4%, unless fishing efforts also shift poleward. Regions such as Greenland and northern Europe may become increasingly important for ABFT persistence and expansion. These distributional changes could challenge current international agreements and quota systems, underscoring the need for adaptive, climate‐resilient management strategies.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe Hayes, Angus Mitchell, Timothy Ravasi, Ivan Nagelkerken
Anthropogenic climate change is threatening ecosystem functionality and biodiversity globally. While significant research has been dedicated to understanding how organisms may respond to future climate change, most of these studies focus on individual levels of biological organisation in controlled laboratory settings, which often fail to capture the complexity of natural ecosystems. Organisms respond to climate stressors across various levels of biological organisation, which also involve complex interactions or feedback mechanisms among levels, making it difficult to generalise responses to climate change from laboratory experiments or single levels alone. Natural analogues provide a unique opportunity to observe complex ecological interactions in real‐world environments with long‐term exposure to climate change stressors. Here, we provide a systematic literature review to reveal how natural analogues of ocean warming and ocean acidification can be used to assess fish responses to climate change across multiple levels of biological organisation (from molecular to biogeographical scales) and to assess how cross‐level buffering and feedback mechanisms may shape fish species persistence in a future ocean. We identify key knowledge gaps and propose research frameworks that integrate natural analogues with laboratory experiments, mesocosms, and predictive models to better capture the complexity of fish responses to climate stressors in a more holistic way. Finally, we highlight the importance of coordinated, cross‐system research using multiple natural analogues to reveal adaptive mechanisms and strengthen predictions of fish community reorganisation under climate change.
{"title":"Natural Analogues of Climate Change Can Reveal Fish Responses Across Multiple Levels of Biological Organisation","authors":"Chloe Hayes, Angus Mitchell, Timothy Ravasi, Ivan Nagelkerken","doi":"10.1111/faf.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70051","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic climate change is threatening ecosystem functionality and biodiversity globally. While significant research has been dedicated to understanding how organisms may respond to future climate change, most of these studies focus on individual levels of biological organisation in controlled laboratory settings, which often fail to capture the complexity of natural ecosystems. Organisms respond to climate stressors across various levels of biological organisation, which also involve complex interactions or feedback mechanisms among levels, making it difficult to generalise responses to climate change from laboratory experiments or single levels alone. Natural analogues provide a unique opportunity to observe complex ecological interactions in real‐world environments with long‐term exposure to climate change stressors. Here, we provide a systematic literature review to reveal how natural analogues of ocean warming and ocean acidification can be used to assess fish responses to climate change across multiple levels of biological organisation (from molecular to biogeographical scales) and to assess how cross‐level buffering and feedback mechanisms may shape fish species persistence in a future ocean. We identify key knowledge gaps and propose research frameworks that integrate natural analogues with laboratory experiments, mesocosms, and predictive models to better capture the complexity of fish responses to climate stressors in a more holistic way. Finally, we highlight the importance of coordinated, cross‐system research using multiple natural analogues to reveal adaptive mechanisms and strengthen predictions of fish community reorganisation under climate change.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henning Winker, Massimiliano Cardinale, Rishi Sharma, Laurence T. Kell, Iago Mosqueira, Christopher Griffiths
Rebuilding fish stocks to levels above which they produce Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is a management aim for all European commercially exploited stocks. Progress is typically monitored against the fishing mortality that produces MSY in the long term ( FMSY ), however, the corresponding biomass target ( BMSY ) is rarely evaluated nor reported. Here, we analyse a unique database of 73 quantitative ICES stock assessments to provide estimates of BMSY across the Northeast Atlantic and apply a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate joint trajectories of F / FMSY and B / BMSY . Our results confirm that median fishing mortality has substantially decreased from its peak in 1999 to just below FMSY in 2020. Despite this, approximately half of the stocks remain fished above FMSY , with 36% exceeding 1.2 × FMSY . Biomass increased on average from below 0.5 BMSY in 2000 to 0.68 BMSY in 2020, but only 40% of stocks are currently above BMSY and only 35% have an age structure that is comparable with fishing at FMSY . Biomass relative to the ICES trigger point (MSY Btrigger ) indicates that more than 70% of stocks are currently within safe biological limits. However, using MSY Btrigger as a surrogate for BMSY results in an over‐optimistic classification of stock status, which conflicts with past levels of exploitation and may hinder stock rebuilding and the achievement of MSY objectives. Future projections from individual assessment forecasts predict further increases in B / BMSY under current F levels. However, to achieve BMSY by 2030, a ‘perfect’ implementation of the ICES Advice Rule would be required.
将鱼类种群恢复到最高可持续产量（MSY）以上的水平是所有欧洲商业捕捞鱼类的管理目标。通常是根据产生长期MSY的捕捞死亡率（fmsy）来监测进展情况，但是，很少评估或报告相应的生物量目标（bmsy）。在这里，我们分析了一个独特的数据库，其中包含73个定量的ICES种群评估，以提供东北大西洋B MSY的估计，并应用贝叶斯状态空间模型来估计F / F MSY和B / B MSY的联合轨迹。我们的研究结果证实，捕捞死亡率中位数已从1999年的峰值大幅下降到2020年略低于fmsy。尽管如此，仍有大约一半的鱼类种群的捕获量高于最高可捕捞量，其中36%超过1.2 ×最高可捕捞量。生物量从2000年的0.5亿立方米/年平均增加到2020年的0.68亿立方米/年，但目前只有40%的种群高于100亿立方米/年，只有35%的种群年龄结构与最高渔业年产量相当。相对于ICES触发点（MSY B触发点）的生物量表明，目前70%以上的种群处于安全的生物限度内。然而，使用MSY B触发器作为B MSY的替代品会导致过度乐观的种群状况分类，这与过去的开发水平相冲突，并可能阻碍种群重建和MSY目标的实现。根据个别评估预测的未来预测，在目前的F水平下，B / B最高产量将进一步增加。然而，要在2030年之前实现bmsy，就需要“完美”地实施ICES咨询规则。
{"title":"Assessing the Progress of Stock Rebuilding in the Northeast Atlantic Against Levels That Can Produce Maximum Sustainable Yield","authors":"Henning Winker, Massimiliano Cardinale, Rishi Sharma, Laurence T. Kell, Iago Mosqueira, Christopher Griffiths","doi":"10.1111/faf.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70066","url":null,"abstract":"Rebuilding fish stocks to levels above which they produce Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is a management aim for all European commercially exploited stocks. Progress is typically monitored against the fishing mortality that produces MSY in the long term ( <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> ), however, the corresponding biomass target ( <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> ) is rarely evaluated nor reported. Here, we analyse a unique database of 73 quantitative ICES stock assessments to provide estimates of <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> across the Northeast Atlantic and apply a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate joint trajectories of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> . Our results confirm that median fishing mortality has substantially decreased from its peak in 1999 to just below <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> in 2020. Despite this, approximately half of the stocks remain fished above <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> , with 36% exceeding 1.2 × <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> . Biomass increased on average from below 0.5 <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> in 2000 to 0.68 <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> in 2020, but only 40% of stocks are currently above <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> and only 35% have an age structure that is comparable with fishing at <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> . Biomass relative to the ICES trigger point (MSY <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>trigger</jats:sub> ) indicates that more than 70% of stocks are currently within safe biological limits. However, using MSY <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>trigger</jats:sub> as a surrogate for <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> results in an over‐optimistic classification of stock status, which conflicts with past levels of exploitation and may hinder stock rebuilding and the achievement of MSY objectives. Future projections from individual assessment forecasts predict further increases in <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> under current <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> levels. However, to achieve <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> by 2030, a ‘perfect’ implementation of the ICES Advice Rule would be required.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allegra Ervin, Robert M. Cerrato, Adrian Jordaan, Michael G. Frisk
Development of data‐intensive stock assessment and ecosystem‐based models has improved our understanding of shifting species abundance in response to fishing, ocean ecology, and species interactions. Along with this analytical progress is evidence that many stocks lack data required for complex models, resulting in data‐limited options for estimating abundance and reference points for some species. Additionally, for even traditionally exploited species, historical data before the mid‐1900s is scarce, further limiting our understanding of long‐term population trends. To address this paucity of data and historical time series, we used a Bayesian Stochastic Stock Reduction Analysis (BSSRA) model to estimate historical population biomasses utilising historical catch, a population growth rate ( r ) and values of carrying capacity ( K ). These BSSRA historical biomass estimates are developed using available landings records for three traditionally exploited species—Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), Atlantic halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus ), and Atlantic Menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ). We compared the BSSRA‐derived historical biomass trends with contemporary estimates from more data‐intensive stock assessments to evaluate the performance of this data‐limited approach. To assess shifting baseline syndrome, two different baseline years were used to evaluate how perceptions of stock status change over time and what implications this has for fisheries management. BSSRA models captured similar biomass trends to those in formal stock assessments and suggest that modern reference points may underestimate historical biomass by an order of magnitude. Integrating historical data through models like BSSRA can help set more realistic and ecologically meaningful baselines, enhancing recovery goals to the benefit of ecosystem‐based fisheries management.
{"title":"Predicting Historical Populations and Evaluating Shifting Baselines of Traditionally Exploited Fisheries","authors":"Allegra Ervin, Robert M. Cerrato, Adrian Jordaan, Michael G. Frisk","doi":"10.1111/faf.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70065","url":null,"abstract":"Development of data‐intensive stock assessment and ecosystem‐based models has improved our understanding of shifting species abundance in response to fishing, ocean ecology, and species interactions. Along with this analytical progress is evidence that many stocks lack data required for complex models, resulting in data‐limited options for estimating abundance and reference points for some species. Additionally, for even traditionally exploited species, historical data before the mid‐1900s is scarce, further limiting our understanding of long‐term population trends. To address this paucity of data and historical time series, we used a Bayesian Stochastic Stock Reduction Analysis (BSSRA) model to estimate historical population biomasses utilising historical catch, a population growth rate ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> ) and values of carrying capacity ( <jats:italic>K</jats:italic> ). These BSSRA historical biomass estimates are developed using available landings records for three traditionally exploited species—Atlantic cod ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Gadus morhua</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ), Atlantic halibut ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Hippoglossus hippoglossus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ), and Atlantic Menhaden ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Brevoortia tyrannus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ). We compared the BSSRA‐derived historical biomass trends with contemporary estimates from more data‐intensive stock assessments to evaluate the performance of this data‐limited approach. To assess shifting baseline syndrome, two different baseline years were used to evaluate how perceptions of stock status change over time and what implications this has for fisheries management. BSSRA models captured similar biomass trends to those in formal stock assessments and suggest that modern reference points may underestimate historical biomass by an order of magnitude. Integrating historical data through models like BSSRA can help set more realistic and ecologically meaningful baselines, enhancing recovery goals to the benefit of ecosystem‐based fisheries management.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global fisheries support livelihoods, food security and economies, but the incidental capture of non‐target species—termed bycatch—remains a key conservation challenge. We compiled peer‐reviewed published studies to assess metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of bycatch reduction technologies and gear modifications (BRTs) for reducing air‐breathing marine megafauna bycatch in global passive fisheries. We assessed 196 studies, including assessments in operational fisheries and controlled experiments, from 114 published articles between 1997 and 2024. These studies tested 28 types of BRTs across five fishing gears. Changes in bycatch and target catch were assessed in 94.4% and 73% of all studies, respectively. By contrast, only 6.6% of studies assessed catch value. We identified and evaluated seven fisher‐focused metrics that were divided into quantitative and anecdotal evidence describing how the application of BRTs affects fishers. Relative to quantitative assessments, 9.2% of all studies quantified effects on fishing gear, 8.7% quantified BRT cost, 4.1% quantified economic impact, 3.1% quantified fisher safety, 3.1% quantified BRT ease of use, 2% quantified operational efficiency and 1% quantified fisher perceptions of BRT efficacy. Relative to anecdotal evidence, 10.7% of all studies reported on ease of use, 7.1% on BRT cost, 6.6% on fisher perceptions of efficacy, 3.1% on effects on fishing gear, 1.5% on effects on fisher safety and 0.5% on both operational efficiency and economic impact. Across diverse regions and timeframes, our analysis highlights a persistent lack of fisher‐focused metrics in BRT research, emphasising the need for more holistic evaluations that consider fisher wellbeing.
{"title":"A Global Review of Bycatch Reduction Technology Assessments: Revealing Gaps in Fisher‐Focused Metrics","authors":"Cindy Vargas, James P. Collins, Jesse F. Senko","doi":"10.1111/faf.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70068","url":null,"abstract":"Global fisheries support livelihoods, food security and economies, but the incidental capture of non‐target species—termed bycatch—remains a key conservation challenge. We compiled peer‐reviewed published studies to assess metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of bycatch reduction technologies and gear modifications (BRTs) for reducing air‐breathing marine megafauna bycatch in global passive fisheries. We assessed 196 studies, including assessments in operational fisheries and controlled experiments, from 114 published articles between 1997 and 2024. These studies tested 28 types of BRTs across five fishing gears. Changes in bycatch and target catch were assessed in 94.4% and 73% of all studies, respectively. By contrast, only 6.6% of studies assessed catch value. We identified and evaluated seven fisher‐focused metrics that were divided into quantitative and anecdotal evidence describing how the application of BRTs affects fishers. Relative to quantitative assessments, 9.2% of all studies quantified effects on fishing gear, 8.7% quantified BRT cost, 4.1% quantified economic impact, 3.1% quantified fisher safety, 3.1% quantified BRT ease of use, 2% quantified operational efficiency and 1% quantified fisher perceptions of BRT efficacy. Relative to anecdotal evidence, 10.7% of all studies reported on ease of use, 7.1% on BRT cost, 6.6% on fisher perceptions of efficacy, 3.1% on effects on fishing gear, 1.5% on effects on fisher safety and 0.5% on both operational efficiency and economic impact. Across diverse regions and timeframes, our analysis highlights a persistent lack of fisher‐focused metrics in BRT research, emphasising the need for more holistic evaluations that consider fisher wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Cano‐Barbacil, Ignacio Doadrio, Julian D. Olden, Kirk. O. Winemiller, Emili García‐Berthou
Freshwater salinization is an emerging threat impacting approximately one‐third of the world's freshwater bodies. However, the salinity tolerance of many inland fishes remains understudied, despite being a crucial factor in determining species distributions and fitness. We updated and analysed a comprehensive global database of experimental salinity tolerance, compiled from 128 sources, to investigate geographical and taxonomic biases in research on the salinity tolerance of inland fishes. Additionally, we examined how salinity tolerance relates to fish traits and how experimental data align with field‐reported salinity levels. Experimental data on salinity tolerance was available for < 1% of the world's inland fishes, with data severely lacking from diverse tropical regions and species‐rich orders such as Characiformes and Siluriformes. Most salinity tolerance studies focused on relatively large and widely distributed species from North America, Europe and Oceania and certain orders such as Acipenseriformes, Centrarchiformes, Cyprinodontiformes or Lepisosteiformes. Our results showed that fish salinity tolerance was strongly associated with fish habitat type, taxonomy, aspects of morphology, migratory behaviour and the experimental approach used (direct vs. gradual). Our results also showed significant, though sometimes weak relationships between field‐reported salinity levels and experimental estimates. Improved understanding of fish salinity tolerance will be essential for assessing impacts of freshwater salinization and forecasting the invasion potential of non‐native species.
{"title":"Global Patterns and Gaps in Research on Salinity Tolerance of Inland Fishes","authors":"Carlos Cano‐Barbacil, Ignacio Doadrio, Julian D. Olden, Kirk. O. Winemiller, Emili García‐Berthou","doi":"10.1111/faf.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70067","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater salinization is an emerging threat impacting approximately one‐third of the world's freshwater bodies. However, the salinity tolerance of many inland fishes remains understudied, despite being a crucial factor in determining species distributions and fitness. We updated and analysed a comprehensive global database of experimental salinity tolerance, compiled from 128 sources, to investigate geographical and taxonomic biases in research on the salinity tolerance of inland fishes. Additionally, we examined how salinity tolerance relates to fish traits and how experimental data align with field‐reported salinity levels. Experimental data on salinity tolerance was available for < 1% of the world's inland fishes, with data severely lacking from diverse tropical regions and species‐rich orders such as Characiformes and Siluriformes. Most salinity tolerance studies focused on relatively large and widely distributed species from North America, Europe and Oceania and certain orders such as Acipenseriformes, Centrarchiformes, Cyprinodontiformes or Lepisosteiformes. Our results showed that fish salinity tolerance was strongly associated with fish habitat type, taxonomy, aspects of morphology, migratory behaviour and the experimental approach used (direct vs. gradual). Our results also showed significant, though sometimes weak relationships between field‐reported salinity levels and experimental estimates. Improved understanding of fish salinity tolerance will be essential for assessing impacts of freshwater salinization and forecasting the invasion potential of non‐native species.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordanna N. Bergman, Jessica A. Robichaud, Jasper McCutcheon, Michael T. Booth, Brendan Campbell, Grace A. Casselberry, Cienna R. Cooper, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Lucas P. Griffin, Edward Hale, Luc LaRochelle, Karen J. Murchie, Mary Peacock, Reid G. Swanson, Simon D. Stewart, Ryan. J. Woodland, Daniel P. Zielinski, Steven J. Cooke, Morgan L. Piczak
Connectivity is a multifaceted concept that has important implications for the management and conservation of marine and freshwater fishes. We developed a conceptual framework that encompasses multiple, interrelated categories of connectedness, including landscape (e.g., structural, functional) connectivity and ecological (e.g., trophic, genetic, demographic) connectivity, that together shape the flow of organisms, energy and information across ecosystems. We also synthesised six key methods that can be used to study connectivity of fishes: (1) telemetry, including satellite, acoustic, radio and passive integrated transponders (PIT), (2) mark‐recapture, (3) environmental tracers, including stable isotopes and otolith‐microchemistry, (4) genetics, (5) community structure analysis and (6) emerging technologies and tools (e.g., remote sensing and artificial intelligence). For each method, we describe the categories of connectivity it can assess and provide real‐world examples where they have been effectively used. We also identify limitations of each method. This article highlights the diverse and evolving toolbox of methods used to assess fish connectivity, underscoring the need for continued collaboration, innovation and integration of new approaches to refine our understanding and address remaining challenges in this critical area of aquatic ecology and fisheries management.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework and Methods for Studying the Connectivity of Fishes","authors":"Jordanna N. Bergman, Jessica A. Robichaud, Jasper McCutcheon, Michael T. Booth, Brendan Campbell, Grace A. Casselberry, Cienna R. Cooper, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Lucas P. Griffin, Edward Hale, Luc LaRochelle, Karen J. Murchie, Mary Peacock, Reid G. Swanson, Simon D. Stewart, Ryan. J. Woodland, Daniel P. Zielinski, Steven J. Cooke, Morgan L. Piczak","doi":"10.1111/faf.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70058","url":null,"abstract":"Connectivity is a multifaceted concept that has important implications for the management and conservation of marine and freshwater fishes. We developed a conceptual framework that encompasses multiple, interrelated categories of connectedness, including landscape (e.g., structural, functional) connectivity and ecological (e.g., trophic, genetic, demographic) connectivity, that together shape the flow of organisms, energy and information across ecosystems. We also synthesised six key methods that can be used to study connectivity of fishes: (1) telemetry, including satellite, acoustic, radio and passive integrated transponders (PIT), (2) mark‐recapture, (3) environmental tracers, including stable isotopes and otolith‐microchemistry, (4) genetics, (5) community structure analysis and (6) emerging technologies and tools (e.g., remote sensing and artificial intelligence). For each method, we describe the categories of connectivity it can assess and provide real‐world examples where they have been effectively used. We also identify limitations of each method. This article highlights the diverse and evolving toolbox of methods used to assess fish connectivity, underscoring the need for continued collaboration, innovation and integration of new approaches to refine our understanding and address remaining challenges in this critical area of aquatic ecology and fisheries management.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146042955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose A. Fernandes‐Salvador, Angel Borja, Asier Anabitarte, Igor Granado, Xabier Lekunberri, Yolanda Sagarminaga, Oriol Canals, Anders Lanzen, Mihailo Azhar, Jonne Kotta, Henn Ojaveer, Anna Spinosa, Ari‐Pekka Jokinen, Lumi Haraguchi, Sanjina Upadhyay Stæhr, Aritz Pérez, Iñaki Inza, Sebastian Villasante, Gabriela A. Oanta, Catarina N. S. Silva, Rachel Tiller, Julian Lilkendey
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, offering transformative opportunities for marine research, fisheries management, environmental governance and policy development. Particularly in the context of the interconnected data needs of ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation, these technologies can enhance data acquisition, processing and decision support, enabling more integrated approaches to ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Yet their adoption in these domains remains limited by the absence of coherent frameworks that ensure transparency, validation and ethical alignment with ecological and socio‐economic sustainability goals. This work proposes a comprehensive framework built on three critical pillars for trustworthy AI: socio‐economic and legal viability, data governance and technical and scientific robustness. On the one hand it aims to be a guideline for developer teams. On the other hand, it aims to be a guideline for final users (e.g., industry and managers) for designing the requirements and evaluating such systems. The first pillar underscores the need for AI systems that are cost‐effective, scalable, environmentally sustainable and legally supported, balancing short‐term costs with long‐term social and ecological benefits. The second stresses adherence to fair, reliable and ethical access to digital resources, recognising that without strong governance data and algorithms risk becoming fragmented or misused. The third pillar addresses the necessity of rigorous validation across entire AI pipelines, including preprocessing, model evaluation and benchmarking against alternative ground truths, to ensure reliability in real‐world applications. Together, these pillars provide a blueprint for developing ethical, reliable and policy‐relevant AI systems that can strengthen trust, improve sustainability and guide decision‐making across marine science, fisheries, environmental management and European legislation.
{"title":"Towards Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Marine Research, Fisheries and Environmental Management","authors":"Jose A. Fernandes‐Salvador, Angel Borja, Asier Anabitarte, Igor Granado, Xabier Lekunberri, Yolanda Sagarminaga, Oriol Canals, Anders Lanzen, Mihailo Azhar, Jonne Kotta, Henn Ojaveer, Anna Spinosa, Ari‐Pekka Jokinen, Lumi Haraguchi, Sanjina Upadhyay Stæhr, Aritz Pérez, Iñaki Inza, Sebastian Villasante, Gabriela A. Oanta, Catarina N. S. Silva, Rachel Tiller, Julian Lilkendey","doi":"10.1111/faf.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70052","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, offering transformative opportunities for marine research, fisheries management, environmental governance and policy development. Particularly in the context of the interconnected data needs of ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation, these technologies can enhance data acquisition, processing and decision support, enabling more integrated approaches to ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Yet their adoption in these domains remains limited by the absence of coherent frameworks that ensure transparency, validation and ethical alignment with ecological and socio‐economic sustainability goals. This work proposes a comprehensive framework built on three critical pillars for trustworthy AI: socio‐economic and legal viability, data governance and technical and scientific robustness. On the one hand it aims to be a guideline for developer teams. On the other hand, it aims to be a guideline for final users (e.g., industry and managers) for designing the requirements and evaluating such systems. The first pillar underscores the need for AI systems that are cost‐effective, scalable, environmentally sustainable and legally supported, balancing short‐term costs with long‐term social and ecological benefits. The second stresses adherence to fair, reliable and ethical access to digital resources, recognising that without strong governance data and algorithms risk becoming fragmented or misused. The third pillar addresses the necessity of rigorous validation across entire AI pipelines, including preprocessing, model evaluation and benchmarking against alternative ground truths, to ensure reliability in real‐world applications. Together, these pillars provide a blueprint for developing ethical, reliable and policy‐relevant AI systems that can strengthen trust, improve sustainability and guide decision‐making across marine science, fisheries, environmental management and European legislation.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine ecosystem modelling faces increasing demands for rapid development and deployment to address urgent environmental challenges, yet technical complexity and time‐intensive processes often constrain timely insights for management decisions. This prospectus synthesises current applications and outlines future research directions for integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into marine ecosystem modelling while maintaining scientific rigour. I present a structured framework for integrating GenAI across eight interconnected components of the modelling cycle: model scoping, data gathering, conceptual framework development, model development, model execution, validation and calibration, reporting and stakeholder engagement. Through analysis of current applications and emerging research, I demonstrate how GenAI can automate routine tasks, democratise access to sophisticated modelling approaches, and improve model quality. Achieving success will require overcoming persistent challenges, including data limitations, institutional barriers and ethical concerns. I propose a research agenda addressing three streams: capability assessment to systematically evaluate GenAI's potential in marine ecosystem modelling; avenues for ensuring scientific integrity and reliability; and socio‐technical integration to address ethical and institutional challenges. While GenAI offers the potential to enhance modelling, a human‐centered approach is essential, where GenAI augments, rather than replaces, human expertise in model validation, interpretation of results and ensuring sustainable management outcomes. To support readers new to this space, a primer in the supporting information outlines practical considerations for accessing GenAI tools, from cloud‐based services to locally‐run models and their implications for privacy, reproducibility and computational requirements.
{"title":"A Prospectus on Generative Artificial Intelligence in Marine Ecosystem Modelling","authors":"Scott Spillias","doi":"10.1111/faf.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70037","url":null,"abstract":"Marine ecosystem modelling faces increasing demands for rapid development and deployment to address urgent environmental challenges, yet technical complexity and time‐intensive processes often constrain timely insights for management decisions. This prospectus synthesises current applications and outlines future research directions for integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into marine ecosystem modelling while maintaining scientific rigour. I present a structured framework for integrating GenAI across eight interconnected components of the modelling cycle: model scoping, data gathering, conceptual framework development, model development, model execution, validation and calibration, reporting and stakeholder engagement. Through analysis of current applications and emerging research, I demonstrate how GenAI can automate routine tasks, democratise access to sophisticated modelling approaches, and improve model quality. Achieving success will require overcoming persistent challenges, including data limitations, institutional barriers and ethical concerns. I propose a research agenda addressing three streams: capability assessment to systematically evaluate GenAI's potential in marine ecosystem modelling; avenues for ensuring scientific integrity and reliability; and socio‐technical integration to address ethical and institutional challenges. While GenAI offers the potential to enhance modelling, a human‐centered approach is essential, where GenAI augments, rather than replaces, human expertise in model validation, interpretation of results and ensuring sustainable management outcomes. To support readers new to this space, a primer in the supporting information outlines practical considerations for accessing GenAI tools, from cloud‐based services to locally‐run models and their implications for privacy, reproducibility and computational requirements.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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