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Misspecifying Sex-Structured Dynamics in Stock Assessment Models 在库存评估模型中错误地指定性别结构动态
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12891
Matthew L. H. Cheng, Daniel R. Goethel, Peter-John F. Hulson, Michael J. Wilberg, Craig Marsh, Curry J. Cunningham

Sex-specific variation in population demography and life-history traits (e.g., growth, natural mortality) is common in many fish populations. Differences in these processes by sex can dictate population dynamics and influence how harvesters interact with the resource. Across various fisheries management systems, stock assessment models (SAMs), which mathematically represent population age and/or size structure, are widely utilised to estimate fish population status and provide sustainable harvest recommendations. However, few studies have examined the implications of alternative modelling assumptions when incorporating sex-specific dynamics in SAMs. For instance, the impacts of simultaneously ignoring sex-specific variations in growth, selectivity, and natural mortality on SAM performance have not been explored. In this study, a simulation-estimation framework was developed for a sexually dimorphic fish population to: (1) assess the consequences of ignoring sexual dimorphism (i.e., growth, natural mortality, and selectivity) and the benefits of using sex-specific catch data to inform the estimation of these processes, (2) evaluate the implications of incorrect modelling assumptions regarding sex ratio at birth, and (3) develop advice for parameterising observation likelihoods to describe sex-specific composition data. Correctly parameterising sex-specific variation in life-history traits led to more robust population estimates and catch advice. Conversely, SAMs ignoring these variations yielded biased estimates of biomass and harvest recommendations. Collectively, our results underscore that oversimplified assumptions about sex-specific variations in SAMs can lead to poor management advice. Moreover, results emphasise the need for routine collection of sex-specific data to support the development of biologically realistic models.

种群人口学和生活史特征(如生长、自然死亡率)的性别特异性差异在许多鱼类种群中很常见。这些过程的性别差异可以决定种群动态,并影响采集者与资源的相互作用。在各种渔业管理系统中,以数学方式表示种群年龄和/或大小结构的种群评估模型(sam)被广泛用于估计鱼类种群状况并提供可持续捕捞建议。然而,很少有研究考察了在sam中纳入性别特异性动力学时替代建模假设的影响。例如,没有研究同时忽略生长、选择性和自然死亡率的性别特异性变化对SAM性能的影响。在这项研究中,我们开发了一个模拟-估计框架,用于性别二型鱼类种群:(1)评估忽略性别二态性(即生长、自然死亡率和选择性)的后果,以及使用性别特异性捕获数据为这些过程的估计提供信息的好处;(2)评估关于出生性别比的错误建模假设的影响;(3)为参数化观察可能性提出建议,以描述性别特异性组成数据。正确地参数化生活史特征中性别特异性的变化,可以得到更可靠的人口估计和渔获建议。相反,忽略这些变化的sam产生了有偏差的生物量估计和收获建议。总的来说,我们的研究结果强调了对SAMs性别差异的过于简化的假设可能会导致糟糕的管理建议。此外,结果强调需要常规收集特定性别的数据,以支持生物学现实模型的发展。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Fleet Dynamics Models for Predicting Fisher Location Choice 预测渔民位置选择的船队动力学模型比较
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12886
Paul J. Dolder, Jan Jaap Poos, Michael A. Spence, Dorleta García, Cóilín Minto

Scientific advice for fisheries management rarely takes into account how fishers react to regulations, which can lead to unexpected results and unrealistic expectations of the effectiveness of the management measures. Short-term decisions about when and where to fish are one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in predicting management outcomes. Several models have been developed to predict how fishers allocate effort in space and time, including mechanistic methods such as gravity and dynamic state variable models, and statistical methods such as random utility and Markov models. These have been individually used to predict effort allocation for various fisheries, but there is no comparative synthesis of their structure and characteristics. We demonstrate strong theoretical links between utility and choice in gravity, random utility, Markov and dynamic state variable models. Using an advanced event-based simulation framework, we find that mechanistic models bias effort allocation to certain areas when applying commonly used strong assumptions about drivers of effort allocation; and conversely, statistical models accurately predict the distribution of fishing effort under business as usual. However, predictive performance degrades with previously unobserved dynamics, such as a spatial closure. Mechanistic models were less suited to general application under business as usual but provide a useful framework for testing hypotheses about a fishery system in response to policy change. Comparison of simple model formulations yielded significant insight into the characteristics of the models and how they could be used to evaluate alternative management approaches for mixed fisheries.

渔业管理的科学建议很少考虑到渔民对法规的反应,这可能导致意想不到的结果和对管理措施有效性的不切实际的期望。关于何时何地捕鱼的短期决策是预测管理结果的最大不确定性来源之一。已经开发了几种模型来预测渔民如何在空间和时间上分配努力,包括机械方法,如重力和动态状态变量模型,以及统计方法,如随机效用和马尔可夫模型。这些指标已单独用于预测各种渔业的努力分配,但没有对其结构和特征进行比较综合。我们在重力、随机效用、马尔可夫和动态状态变量模型中展示了效用和选择之间强有力的理论联系。使用先进的基于事件的模拟框架,我们发现当应用关于努力分配驱动因素的常用强假设时,机制模型偏向于某些领域的努力分配;相反,统计模型准确地预测了在正常经营情况下的捕捞量分布。然而,预测性能会随着先前未观察到的动态而下降,例如空间闭合。机械模型不太适合在一切照旧的情况下的一般应用,但它提供了一个有用的框架,可以检验关于渔业制度对政策变化作出反应的假设。通过对简单模型公式的比较,对模型的特点以及如何利用这些模型来评价混合渔业的替代管理方法产生了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Declining Marine Survival of Steelhead Trout Linked to Climate and Ecosystem Change 与气候和生态系统变化有关的钢头鳟鱼海洋存活率下降
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12878
Jan Ohlberger, Eric R. Buhle, Thomas W. Buehrens, Neala W. Kendall, Toby Harbison, Andrew M. Claiborne, James P. Losee, Jennifer Whitney, Mark D. Scheuerell

Species with complex life cycles, such as anadromous fish that perform spawning migrations between freshwater and the ocean, may be particularly sensitive to global change because freshwater and marine habitats experience distinct shifts in climate and ecosystem dynamics. Abundances of wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have declined across most of their range over the past 40–50 years. We examined whether declines in steelhead survival can be linked to changing climate conditions and species interactions. A novel hierarchical integrated population model that accounts for the species' complex life history was fitted to data from multiple wild steelhead populations on the Washington coast, U.S.A. The model estimates recruitment residuals and kelt survival rates as time-varying processes, which reflect annual variation in survival before and after first maturation. We found that survival rates of immature steelhead (recruits) and adult steelhead (kelts) have declined over time and that survival trends across populations were strongly associated with climate and ecosystem change, specifically summer sea surface temperature and pink salmon abundance in the North Pacific Ocean, the NPGO index and river flows. Including these drivers in the model reduced unexplained annual variation in shared recruitment and kelt survival anomalies and largely accounted for their negative long-term trends. Our findings provide evidence that rising temperatures and increased interspecific competition at sea have contributed to declines in steelhead survival over the last five decades. Considering projected warming and high pink salmon abundances in the ocean, steelhead will likely continue to experience low marine survival rates.

生命周期复杂的物种,如在淡水和海洋之间进行产卵洄游的溯河洄游鱼类,可能对全球变化特别敏感,因为淡水和海洋栖息地经历着气候和生态系统动态的不同变化。在过去的 40-50 年间,野生钢鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)在其大部分分布区的数量都在下降。我们研究了钢鳟鱼存活率的下降是否与不断变化的气候条件和物种相互作用有关。该模型估算了作为时变过程的招募残差和钢鳟鱼存活率,反映了首次成熟前后存活率的年度变化。我们发现,随着时间的推移,未成熟钢鳟鱼(新兵)和成年钢鳟鱼(幼鱼)的存活率都在下降,而且不同种群的存活趋势与气候和生态系统变化密切相关,特别是夏季海面温度和北太平洋粉鲑鱼丰度、NPGO 指数和河流流量。将这些驱动因素纳入模型可减少无法解释的共享招募和凯尔特鲑存活率异常的年度变化,并在很大程度上解释其负面的长期趋势。我们的研究结果提供了证据,证明气温升高和海上种间竞争加剧是过去五十年钢镞存活率下降的原因。考虑到预计的气候变暖和粉鲑在海洋中的高丰度,钢鳞鲑可能会继续经历低海洋存活率。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Global Fisheries Performance 全球渔业绩效综述
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12890
Frank Asche, Taryn M. Garlock, James L. Anderson, Ruth B. Pincinato, Christopher M. Anderson, Edward V. Camp, Jingjie Chu, Andreea L. Cojocaru, Hakan Eggert, Kai Lorenzen, David C. Love, Ragnar Tveteras

Management of fisheries is complex as it combines environmental, economic and social objectives. The relative importance of these objectives is highly debated and the best approaches to achieving good outcomes are unclear. A lack of global and multi-dimensional data has largely precluded reviews providing comparisons of performances across systems at a large scale. We review fisheries performance by analysing outcomes over 14 dimensions of environmental, economic and community performance using a unique global dataset for 145 fisheries collected with the Fishery Performance Indicators. The fisheries are ranked into three performance groups by an average of their environmental, economic and community scores: the 10% best fisheries, the 10% worst fisheries and the middle 80%. Furthermore, we investigate how four different types of management systems, catch shares, territorial use rights, limited entry and open access, are represented in the three performance groups. The best performing fisheries scored equally or better and the poorest performing fisheries scored equally or worse in environmental, economic and social dimensions. We found three different management systems to be represented among the best performing fisheries, indicating that no specific management system is best. Moreover, some management systems were represented in all three performance categories, indicating that fisheries characteristics or management designs are important elements of fishery performance. The worst performing fisheries were dominated by open access fisheries with no or very limited management.

渔业管理是复杂的,因为它结合了环境、经济和社会目标。这些目标的相对重要性备受争议,实现良好结果的最佳方法尚不清楚。由于缺乏全局和多维数据,在很大程度上阻碍了提供大规模跨系统性能比较的审查。我们利用利用渔业绩效指标收集的145个渔业的独特全球数据集,通过分析环境、经济和社区绩效的14个维度的结果来审查渔业绩效。根据环境、经济和社区得分的平均值,这些渔场被分为三个绩效组:10%的最佳渔场,10%的最差渔场和中间的80%。此外,我们研究了四种不同类型的管理系统,捕捞份额,领土使用权,限制进入和开放获取,如何在三个绩效组中表现出来。表现最好的渔业在环境、经济和社会方面得分相同或更高,表现最差的渔业得分相同或更差。我们发现在表现最好的渔业中有三种不同的管理制度,这表明没有一种特定的管理制度是最好的。此外,有些管理制度在所有三个绩效类别中都有体现,这表明渔业特点或管理设计是渔业绩效的重要因素。表现最差的渔业主要是开放渔业,没有或非常有限的管理。
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引用次数: 0
Salmonid Biomass in Streams Around the World: A Quantitative Synthesis 世界各地溪流中的鲑鱼生物量:定量综述
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12887
Kyleisha J. Foote, James W. A. Grant, Pascale M. Biron

Salmonid fishes are one of the best studied fish taxa, but little is known about their biomass distribution. We created a dataset using published material for over 1000 rivers with estimated salmonid biomass, covering 27 countries, and 11 species. The distribution of salmonid biomass and production across streams was skewed to the right with a mean biomass and production of 5.2 g/m2 (range = 0–70.3 g/m2) and 6.3 g/m2/year (range = 0.03–50.2 g/m2/year), respectively. The top 10% and 1% of salmonid streams in the world had a biomass > 11.9 and 36.5 g/m2, respectively, and a production > 13.9 and 25.6 g/m2/year, respectively. Salmonid production was positively correlated with biomass (r = 0.82, n = 194), with a mean production to biomass (P/B) ratio of 1.08, which differed among species. Mean biomass declined 38% over time, from 8.6 g/m2 before 1980 to 5.4 g/m2 in 2000–2020. Biomass was also higher in small streams (< 10 m wide) and in streams where smaller areas were sampled. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) streams represented a higher proportion of those with biomass > 10 g/m2 than many other species. In addition to the variables mentioned above, salmonid biomass in streams was affected by species, season, method of sampling, elevation, latitude, and migratory strategy. Expanding the list of variables would be useful for developing models to predict salmonid biomass and the conditions for an outstanding salmonid stream, defined as a stream which has a biomass estimate in the top 1% worldwide.

鲑科鱼类是研究得最好的鱼类分类之一,但对其生物量分布知之甚少。我们使用已发表的材料创建了一个数据集,其中包括1000多条河流,估计鲑鱼生物量,涵盖27个国家和11个物种。鲑科鱼类的生物量和产量分布偏右,平均生物量和产量分别为5.2 g/m2(范围为0 ~ 70.3 g/m2)和6.3 g/m2/年(范围为0.03 ~ 50.2 g/m2/年)。世界上排名前10%和前1%的鲑鱼溪流具有生物量。分别为11.9和36.5 g/m2,产量>;分别为13.9和25.6 g/m2/年。鲑鱼产量与生物量呈显著正相关(r = 0.82, n = 194),平均产量/生物量(P/B)比为1.08,但不同种属间差异较大。随着时间的推移,平均生物量下降了38%,从1980年之前的8.6 g/m2下降到2000-2020年的5.4 g/m2。小河流的生物量也较高(<;10米宽),在采样面积较小的溪流中。褐鳟(Salmo trutta)溪流在具有生物量的溪流中所占比例较高;10克/平方米比许多其他物种。除上述变量外,河流中的鲑鱼生物量还受物种、季节、采样方法、海拔、纬度和迁徙策略的影响。扩大变量列表将有助于开发预测鲑鱼生物量和杰出鲑鱼流条件的模型,杰出鲑鱼流的定义是生物量估计在全球前1%的河流。
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引用次数: 0
Loss and Gain: Temporal Succession in Different Facets of Fish Diversity Over a Half Century Under Cascade Dam Construction 得失:半世纪以来梯级水坝建设下鱼类多样性不同方面的时间演替
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12885
Yintao Jia, Yu Zhuo, Pedro Cardoso, Junle Li, Jun Wang, Xiaoyun Sui, Xiu Feng, Ren Zhu, Kemao Li, Yifeng Chen

Freshwater biodiversity is increasingly imperilled by human activities, with dam construction posing significant threats to fish communities. Species composition changes through introductions and extinctions have been widely reported, yet the long-term consequences of cascade dam construction on multiple facets of biodiversity remain poorly understood. Moreover, the compensatory effects of species introductions on extinction have received limited attention. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of extinction-introduction successions, triggered by cascade dam construction, on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of fish assemblages in the upper Yellow River over five decades. Our results reveal that shifts in species composition significantly increased phylogenetic and functional diversity but not taxonomic diversity, suggesting a greater sensitivity of the former to cascade dam construction. However, introduced species only partially compensate for approximately 50% of phylogenetic and functional diversity losses caused by extinctions. Furthermore, the timing of significant increases in phylogenetic and functional diversity is not synchronised, with all measures gradually stabilising post-dam construction. Cumulative reservoir capacity, reservoir age, and individual reservoir capacity were identified as key determinants of multifaceted diversity change after dam construction, with cumulative reservoir capacity and reservoir age generally having positive effects, while individual reservoir capacity tended to have a negative impact. These findings stress the urgent need to reassess the compensatory effects of introductions on extinctions under global change, emphasise caution in interpreting short-term data due to non-linear diversity patterns, and highlight the importance of using long-term monitoring and multifaceted diversity metrics in biodiversity conservation actions.

淡水生物多样性日益受到人类活动的威胁,大坝建设对鱼类群落构成了重大威胁。物种组成在引入和灭绝过程中的变化已被广泛报道,但梯级大坝建设对生物多样性多个方面的长期影响仍知之甚少。此外,物种引入对物种灭绝的补偿作用还没有得到足够的重视。本文综合评价了近50年来梯级大坝建设引发的灭绝—引入演替对黄河上游鱼类群落分类、系统发育和功能多样性的影响。研究结果表明,物种组成的变化显著增加了系统发育和功能多样性,但没有增加分类多样性,表明系统发育和功能多样性对梯级大坝建设更敏感。然而,引进物种仅部分补偿了因物种灭绝造成的系统发育和功能多样性损失的50%。此外,系统发育和功能多样性显著增加的时间并不同步,所有措施都在逐渐稳定大坝后的建设。研究发现,水库累积容量、水库年龄和个体库容是大坝建设后多样性变化的关键决定因素,水库累积容量和水库年龄总体上具有正向影响,而个体库容往往具有负向影响。这些发现强调了在全球变化下重新评估物种引入对物种灭绝的补偿效应的迫切需要,强调了由于非线性多样性模式在解释短期数据时的谨慎性,并强调了在生物多样性保护行动中使用长期监测和多方面多样性指标的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Using High-Resolution Fisheries Data to Identify Spatial Patterns in Retained Catch Compositions for Mixed Fisheries 利用高分辨率渔业数据确定混合渔业保留渔获物组成的空间格局
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12883
Gianfranco Anastasi, Johnathan Ball, Roi L. Martinez, Paul J. Dolder

Mixed fisheries exploit fish stocks that are heterogeneously distributed in space using gears that are not species selective. This poses a challenge for management as catch limits for less productive stocks constrain catches of more productive stocks leading to losses in yield and economic value. Decoupling catches of stocks caught together in mixed fisheries could increase potential yields and may be achieved through changes in spatial fishing patterns. This study identifies fine-scale spatial patterns of retained catches for the UK otter trawlers in UK waters by combining vessel monitoring system positional information and logbook data on retained catches. Spatially contiguous units were identified through a combination of Principal Components Analysis and spatial clustering. Our results show a complex spatial structure in the fish assemblage which differs across UK sea areas, with greater similarity between the Northern North Sea and West of Scotland compared to other sea areas. Through simulation, we highlight how fine-scale spatially resolved fisheries data can identify areas where choke risks from catches of low-quota, low-productivity species associated with target species can be reduced. This underscores the value of fine-scale data for enhancing efficiency and sustainability in mixed fisheries. Wider benefits from the use of fine-scale data include the ability to identify consistent spatial métier definitions for use in modelling technical interactions. Ultimately, our study informs strategies and approaches that decouple catches of low-quota, low-productivity species caught together in mixed fisheries, improving sustainability and the conservation of living resources under complex management challenges.

混合渔业利用不具有物种选择性的渔具来开发在空间中分布不均的鱼类资源。这对管理构成挑战,因为对生产力较低的鱼类的渔获量限制限制了生产力较高的鱼类的渔获量,导致产量和经济价值的损失。混合渔业中一起捕捞的鱼类的渔获量脱钩可以增加潜在产量,这可以通过改变空间捕捞格局来实现。本研究结合船舶监测系统的位置信息和保留渔获量的日志数据,确定了英国水獭拖网渔船在英国水域保留渔获量的精细尺度空间格局。通过主成分分析和空间聚类相结合的方法确定空间连续单元。我们的研究结果显示,英国各海域的鱼类组合具有复杂的空间结构,与其他海域相比,北海北部和苏格兰西部的相似性更大。通过模拟,我们强调了精细尺度空间分辨率的渔业数据如何能够识别出与目标物种相关的低配额、低生产力物种的捕捞所带来的窒息风险可以降低的区域。这凸显了精细尺度数据对于提高混合渔业的效率和可持续性的价值。使用细尺度数据的更广泛好处包括能够识别一致的空间尺度定义,以便在技术交互建模中使用。最终,我们的研究为混合渔业中低配额、低生产力物种的分离捕捞提供了策略和方法,提高了可持续性,并在复杂的管理挑战下保护了生物资源。
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引用次数: 0
The Vanishing Vaquita: A Call for Definitive Action 正在消失的小头鼠海豚:呼吁采取决定性行动
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12884
Pablo del Monte-Luna, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Andrew W. Trites, Andrés Cisneros-Montemayor, Francisco Arreguín-Sánchez, Edgar Alcántara-Razo

The world's smallest porpoise—the vaquita (Phocoena sinus)—is on the brink of extinction. Endemic to the upper Gulf of California, it has dwindled to fewer than 19 individuals in 2023. The primary source of mortality is drowning in gillnets set for totoaba (a giant croaker fish). Our review of the past 50 years of efforts to simultaneously attain conservation goals for the vaquita and economic and social goals for the fisheries concludes that they have consistently failed to meet the lowest expectations of any stakeholders. The time has therefore come to recognise that the only solution to this problem is to make an immediate and definitive decision: either preserve the vaquita or bolster sustainable fishing in the upper Gulf—and accept the associated social, economic, and political costs of either choice.

世界上最小的鼠海豚——小头鼠海豚正处于灭绝的边缘。它是加州上海湾的特有物种,到2023年已经减少到不到19只。死亡的主要原因是溺死在为石首鱼(一种巨大的黄花鱼)设置的刺网中。我们回顾了过去50年为同时实现小头鼠海豚的保护目标和渔业的经济和社会目标所做的努力,得出的结论是,它们始终未能满足任何利益相关者的最低期望。因此,我们必须认识到,解决这一问题的唯一办法是立即做出明确的决定:要么保护小头鼠海豚,要么支持海湾上游的可持续捕捞,并接受这两种选择所带来的社会、经济和政治成本。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Conditioning Strategies in Improving Fish Fitness-Related Traits 调节策略在改善鱼类适应性相关性状中的有效性
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12882
Zonghang Zhang, Guihui Ning, Fei Tong, Wuhan Lin, Yangke Shang, Daomin Peng, Wenhua Liu

Although conditioning strategies are widely used to increase fish post-release adaptability in stock enhancement projects, their effectiveness has not been systematically evaluated. Using a global-scale meta-analysis, we demonstrate that three major conditioning strategies, including environmental enrichment, life skills training and release tactic, can significantly improve fish fitness-related traits, with the fitness indicator and developmental stage being the most important moderators for interpreting the high heterogeneity among cases. The effect size of approximate fitness indicators was marginally lower than that of post-release behavioural traits. Our findings indicate the necessity of conditioning procedures and highlight the need to enact context-dependent strategies in practical conservation projects.

尽管调节策略被广泛用于提高鱼类在种群增加项目中的释放后适应性,但其有效性尚未得到系统的评估。利用全球尺度的元分析,我们发现环境富集、生活技能训练和释放策略三种主要的条件调节策略可以显著改善鱼类的适应性相关性状,而适应性指标和发育阶段是解释案例间高度异质性的最重要调节因子。近似适应度指标的效应值略低于释放后行为特征的效应值。我们的研究结果表明了调节程序的必要性,并强调了在实际保护项目中制定情境依赖策略的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Eco-Evolutionary Consequences of Selective Exploitation on Metapopulations Illustrated With Atlantic Salmon 以大西洋鲑鱼为例,选择性开发对大种群的生态进化影响
IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12881
Amaïa Lamarins, Stephanie M. Carlson, Etienne Prévost, William H. Satterthwaite, Mathieu Buoro

Although the eco-evolutionary consequences of dispersal and exploitation are increasingly recognised, consideration of these effects and how they interact for management and conservation remains limited. We addressed this gap by examining population exploitation within a metapopulation framework, using Atlantic salmon as a case study. We compared eco-evolutionary consequences of alternative exploitation strategies by incorporating selective exploitation based on life-history traits and spatial dimension of exploitation (i.e., whether populations were net exporters or importers of individuals). We used a demo-genetic agent-based model to examine demographic and evolutionary consequences of these strategies across a gradient of population-specific exploitation rates. At the metapopulation scale, we found both lower abundance and earlier sexual maturation with increasing exploitation, particularly when fishing was selective on larger individuals. The spatial selectivity of exploitation had an overall additional detrimental effect on metapopulation performance and fisheries yield, and induced stronger evolutionary changes than when exploitation was evenly spread over all populations. We discuss the implications of metapopulation functioning for species management and how considering dispersal patterns and intensity might change how we apply harvest. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the safest approach remains to distribute exploitation efforts evenly across all populations, especially in the absence of variation in intrinsic productivity. However, this strategy might not completely prevent negative consequences at the local scale. Therefore, we advise managers to critically assess the relevance of our results and dispersal assumptions in the specific cases they may have to deal with.

尽管人们越来越认识到扩散和开发对生态进化的影响,但对这些影响以及它们如何相互作用以促进管理和保护的考虑仍然有限。我们以大西洋鲑为例,在元种群框架内研究了种群开发问题,从而填补了这一空白。我们根据生活史特征和开发的空间维度(即种群是个体的净输出国还是净输入国)进行选择性开发,比较了替代性开发策略的生态进化后果。我们使用了一个基于种群遗传的代理模型来研究这些策略在特定种群开发率梯度上的人口和进化后果。我们发现,在元种群尺度上,随着捕捞量的增加,丰度降低,性成熟提前,尤其是当捕捞对较大个体具有选择性时。开发的空间选择性对元种群的表现和渔业产量产生了总体上额外的不利影响,并且比在所有种群中均匀分布开发时诱发了更强的进化变化。我们讨论了元种群功能对物种管理的影响,以及考虑散布模式和强度可能会如何改变我们的捕捞方式。尽管如此,我们的研究结果表明,最安全的方法仍然是在所有种群中平均分配开发力度,尤其是在内在生产力没有变化的情况下。然而,这种策略可能无法完全避免在局部范围内产生负面影响。因此,我们建议管理者严格评估我们的结果和散布假设在他们可能需要处理的具体情况中的相关性。
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Fish and Fisheries
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