Hannah L. Harrison, Øystein Aas, Valerie Berseth, Tom Chance, Katherine L. Dalby, Shelley Denny, Michael T. Fabiano, Norm Johnson, Tor Kitching, Lian E. Kwong, Polina Orlov, Adrian P. Spidle, Alan Walker, Kyle Wellband, Lorna Wilson, Kurt Samways
Hatcheries and stocking programmes have long been a cornerstone of fisheries management, seen as tools for fisheries enhancement and/or conservation of threatened populations. Their use draws controversy, however, from a growing body of research over the last 50 years suggesting that stocking can have negative consequences for wild stocks, and yet remains valued in many contexts. This study systematically reviews a decade (2012–2021) of peer‐reviewed literature to investigate several aspects of hatcheries and stocking programmes in salmonid conservation and fisheries enhancement in the Pacific and Atlantic basins. Our interdisciplinary research team reviewed both natural and social science literature across three literature databases. A total of 459 natural science and 88 social science articles were included following two rounds of screening. Those articles were evaluated for several interdisciplinary questions including geographic and species focus, key messages and management recommendations, and presence of Indigenous and local knowledge and climate change considerations. Results reveal disciplinary and geographic trends in how hatcheries were discussed, with a persistent lack of definitional clarity around hatchery types and goals. Notably rare in the literature were studies that included Indigenous Knowledge systems or local ecological knowledge. Very few studies meaningfully integrated climate change as an analytical lens despite its increasing relevance to salmonid conservation and human–salmon relationships. We argue for clearer reporting, greater integration of climate considerations to the field, and stronger inclusion of diverse knowledge systems and priorities, particularly Indigenous‐centred, to advance a more effective dialogue on hatcheries for fisheries enhancement and conservation.
{"title":"A Review of a Decade of Anadromous Salmonid Hatchery (And Stocking) Research: Insights for Policy, Management and a Changing Climate","authors":"Hannah L. Harrison, Øystein Aas, Valerie Berseth, Tom Chance, Katherine L. Dalby, Shelley Denny, Michael T. Fabiano, Norm Johnson, Tor Kitching, Lian E. Kwong, Polina Orlov, Adrian P. Spidle, Alan Walker, Kyle Wellband, Lorna Wilson, Kurt Samways","doi":"10.1111/faf.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Hatcheries and stocking programmes have long been a cornerstone of fisheries management, seen as tools for fisheries enhancement and/or conservation of threatened populations. Their use draws controversy, however, from a growing body of research over the last 50 years suggesting that stocking can have negative consequences for wild stocks, and yet remains valued in many contexts. This study systematically reviews a decade (2012–2021) of peer‐reviewed literature to investigate several aspects of hatcheries and stocking programmes in salmonid conservation and fisheries enhancement in the Pacific and Atlantic basins. Our interdisciplinary research team reviewed both natural and social science literature across three literature databases. A total of 459 natural science and 88 social science articles were included following two rounds of screening. Those articles were evaluated for several interdisciplinary questions including geographic and species focus, key messages and management recommendations, and presence of Indigenous and local knowledge and climate change considerations. Results reveal disciplinary and geographic trends in how hatcheries were discussed, with a persistent lack of definitional clarity around hatchery types and goals. Notably rare in the literature were studies that included Indigenous Knowledge systems or local ecological knowledge. Very few studies meaningfully integrated climate change as an analytical lens despite its increasing relevance to salmonid conservation and human–salmon relationships. We argue for clearer reporting, greater integration of climate considerations to the field, and stronger inclusion of diverse knowledge systems and priorities, particularly Indigenous‐centred, to advance a more effective dialogue on hatcheries for fisheries enhancement and conservation.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keiko J. Nomura, Steven Manaʻoakamai Johnson, Jessica Gephart, Jacob G. Eurich
Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are located in highly productive fishing regions that supply nutrient‐rich fish to global markets. Marine fisheries are a critical source of protein and essential micronutrients for billions of people worldwide, supporting both local diets and global food security. International trade shapes modern blue food systems, influencing broader distributions and availability of these ‘blue nutrients’. Yet, the structure of these trade networks, the nutritional composition of exported fisheries, and the implications for local food security remain poorly understood. Using global marine fisheries trade data from 1996 to 2020 combined with species‐level nutrient compositions, we analysed production, consumption and nutrient balances for 12 PICs and used network analysis to characterise the structure of international blue nutrient flows. Here we show that many PICs experience persistent net losses of essential nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, protein and fatty acids. This results in nutrient yields far below population needs, with only a few PICs (Vanuatu and Kiribati) meeting average requirements. Compared to global fisheries trade networks, regional PICs trade is more fragmented and less mutually connected, relying on a small number of intermediary countries (Papua New Guinea and Fiji). Despite high domestic production and consumption, 54% of blue nutrients are exported from PICs rather than retained locally, leaving local nutritional deficits unaddressed even as PICs supply global seafood markets. Combining trade, nutrient and network analyses can help inform strategies to increase nutrient retention, strengthen food security and support resilience for PICs in the modern blue food economy.
{"title":"Fisheries Trade and Blue Nutrient Flows in Pacific Island Countries","authors":"Keiko J. Nomura, Steven Manaʻoakamai Johnson, Jessica Gephart, Jacob G. Eurich","doi":"10.1111/faf.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70062","url":null,"abstract":"Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are located in highly productive fishing regions that supply nutrient‐rich fish to global markets. Marine fisheries are a critical source of protein and essential micronutrients for billions of people worldwide, supporting both local diets and global food security. International trade shapes modern blue food systems, influencing broader distributions and availability of these ‘blue nutrients’. Yet, the structure of these trade networks, the nutritional composition of exported fisheries, and the implications for local food security remain poorly understood. Using global marine fisheries trade data from 1996 to 2020 combined with species‐level nutrient compositions, we analysed production, consumption and nutrient balances for 12 PICs and used network analysis to characterise the structure of international blue nutrient flows. Here we show that many PICs experience persistent net losses of essential nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, protein and fatty acids. This results in nutrient yields far below population needs, with only a few PICs (Vanuatu and Kiribati) meeting average requirements. Compared to global fisheries trade networks, regional PICs trade is more fragmented and less mutually connected, relying on a small number of intermediary countries (Papua New Guinea and Fiji). Despite high domestic production and consumption, 54% of blue nutrients are exported from PICs rather than retained locally, leaving local nutritional deficits unaddressed even as PICs supply global seafood markets. Combining trade, nutrient and network analyses can help inform strategies to increase nutrient retention, strengthen food security and support resilience for PICs in the modern blue food economy.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nima Farchadi, Daniel Crear, Yunzhou Li, Michael Alexander, Martin Arostegui, Daniel G. Boyce, Gemma Carroll, Elliott L. Hazen, Eric Hoffmayer, Melissa Karp, Kristin M. Kleisner, Jon Lopez, Laura McDonnell, Nick Napoli, John A. Quinlan, Vincent Saba, Emily Shumchenia, Camrin D. Braun, Rebecca L. Lewison
Climate Vulnerability Assessments (CVAs) are important tools for understanding and addressing the impacts of climate change on marine fisheries. Since their introduction in the 1990s, CVAs have evolved from theoretical frameworks to practical applications aimed at fostering climate‐resilient fisheries management. This review synthesises recent advancements in CVAs, focusing on methodologies, geographic applications, stakeholder participation and their contributions to fisheries management. While many CVAs emphasise ecological or social dimensions, recent efforts have integrated these components, offering holistic insights into the vulnerabilities of fisheries as coupled socio‐ecological systems. Key innovations include participatory approaches that incorporate expert knowledge and stakeholder input alongside advances in quantitative modelling and spatially explicit analyses. Our review highlights specific examples where CVAs have informed various management applications, such as species protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and the design of adaptive harvest strategies in Australia. However, barriers remain, including inconsistent methodological standards, limited uptake in nations with low‐income economies and challenges translating CVA outputs into actionable policies. Looking ahead, developing generalised, integrated frameworks that bridge ecological and social dimensions, identifying ways to link CVA outputs to management guidance, and improving methodologies for data‐limited contexts will all improve uptake and application of CVAs. Strengthening the connections between existing CVAs and climate‐ready fisheries through adaptive management strategies can support fisheries management outcomes in a changing climate while balancing ecological sustainability and socio‐economic equity.
{"title":"Climate Vulnerability Assessments in Marine Fisheries: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead","authors":"Nima Farchadi, Daniel Crear, Yunzhou Li, Michael Alexander, Martin Arostegui, Daniel G. Boyce, Gemma Carroll, Elliott L. Hazen, Eric Hoffmayer, Melissa Karp, Kristin M. Kleisner, Jon Lopez, Laura McDonnell, Nick Napoli, John A. Quinlan, Vincent Saba, Emily Shumchenia, Camrin D. Braun, Rebecca L. Lewison","doi":"10.1111/faf.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70064","url":null,"abstract":"Climate Vulnerability Assessments (CVAs) are important tools for understanding and addressing the impacts of climate change on marine fisheries. Since their introduction in the 1990s, CVAs have evolved from theoretical frameworks to practical applications aimed at fostering climate‐resilient fisheries management. This review synthesises recent advancements in CVAs, focusing on methodologies, geographic applications, stakeholder participation and their contributions to fisheries management. While many CVAs emphasise ecological or social dimensions, recent efforts have integrated these components, offering holistic insights into the vulnerabilities of fisheries as coupled socio‐ecological systems. Key innovations include participatory approaches that incorporate expert knowledge and stakeholder input alongside advances in quantitative modelling and spatially explicit analyses. Our review highlights specific examples where CVAs have informed various management applications, such as species protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and the design of adaptive harvest strategies in Australia. However, barriers remain, including inconsistent methodological standards, limited uptake in nations with low‐income economies and challenges translating CVA outputs into actionable policies. Looking ahead, developing generalised, integrated frameworks that bridge ecological and social dimensions, identifying ways to link CVA outputs to management guidance, and improving methodologies for data‐limited contexts will all improve uptake and application of CVAs. Strengthening the connections between existing CVAs and climate‐ready fisheries through adaptive management strategies can support fisheries management outcomes in a changing climate while balancing ecological sustainability and socio‐economic equity.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nina Wootton, Patrick Reis‐Santos, Rhiannon A. Van Eck, Isaac Duke, Bronwyn M. Gillanders
Plastic pollution is a growing global concern, with plastic and microplastic particles now widespread in aquatic environments. Microplastics are frequently ingested by marine organisms, including commercially important seafood species. Ingestion can lead to a range of biological effects, influenced by the size, type and quantity of plastic, as well as the species impacted. Despite rising concern, and an escalating body of literature, there has been limited synthesis of how microplastics effect seafood species and what this means for the fishing, aquaculture and seafood sectors. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of experimental studies assessing the effects of microplastics on seafood species. We identified 1107 relevant studies, with microplastics found to effect 95.2% of all specimens tested, though exposure conditions (e.g., polymer type and size, concentration and duration of exposure) varied widely. Reported effects included changes in behaviour, growth and development, immune and reproductive function, biomarker expression and mortality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence base, offering insight into the experiments conducted on seafood species such as bivalves, crustaceans and finfish, and their findings related to microplastic uptake, accumulation and health effects. By identifying patterns and gaps in existing research, we highlight opportunities to improve the design and focus of future studies. With a large body of research already established, it is critical that future experiments build strategically on existing knowledge, moving beyond understanding individual level effects to population and ecosystem consequences, to support the sustainable management of seafood resources and our broader marine environment.
{"title":"Microplastic Impacts on Seafood: A Global Synthesis of Experimental Findings","authors":"Nina Wootton, Patrick Reis‐Santos, Rhiannon A. Van Eck, Isaac Duke, Bronwyn M. Gillanders","doi":"10.1111/faf.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70071","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution is a growing global concern, with plastic and microplastic particles now widespread in aquatic environments. Microplastics are frequently ingested by marine organisms, including commercially important seafood species. Ingestion can lead to a range of biological effects, influenced by the size, type and quantity of plastic, as well as the species impacted. Despite rising concern, and an escalating body of literature, there has been limited synthesis of how microplastics effect seafood species and what this means for the fishing, aquaculture and seafood sectors. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of experimental studies assessing the effects of microplastics on seafood species. We identified 1107 relevant studies, with microplastics found to effect 95.2% of all specimens tested, though exposure conditions (e.g., polymer type and size, concentration and duration of exposure) varied widely. Reported effects included changes in behaviour, growth and development, immune and reproductive function, biomarker expression and mortality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence base, offering insight into the experiments conducted on seafood species such as bivalves, crustaceans and finfish, and their findings related to microplastic uptake, accumulation and health effects. By identifying patterns and gaps in existing research, we highlight opportunities to improve the design and focus of future studies. With a large body of research already established, it is critical that future experiments build strategically on existing knowledge, moving beyond understanding individual level effects to population and ecosystem consequences, to support the sustainable management of seafood resources and our broader marine environment.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angus John van Wyk, Rick D. Stuart‐Smith, Jordan S. Goetze, Eva Maire, Elodie Heyns‐Veale, Kaylee Smit, Tim J. Langlois, M. Aaron MacNeil, Alejandro Perez Matus, Amanda T. Lombard, Ana Carolina, Christy Semmens, Ella Clausius, Fernanda A. Rolim, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jacquomo Monk, Joanna K. Schmid, Katherine Tattersall, Laura Ghigliotti, Luther Adams, Melita Samoilys, Pascale Chabanet, Paul Whomersley, Peter Walsh, Reiji Masuda, Russell Brainard, Anthony Bernard
Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by overfishing, pollution, coastal development and climate change, underscoring the need for long‐term, representative information on key fish populations and habitats to inform management and policy. Underwater fish observation (UFObs) techniques, such as Underwater Visual Census (UVC), stereo‐Baited Remote Underwater Video (stereo‐BRUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), play a key role in sustaining long‐term data collection. Despite technological advancements, gaps persist in understanding research focus, geographic distribution and methodological biases inherent in these methods. We conducted a scientometric analysis of 1443 peer‐reviewed publications (1953–2023), employing natural language processing and network analysis to map the research landscape. We identified 15 knowledge clusters, including marine protected areas, apex predator conservation and reef ecosystems. Our findings reveal increasing use of BRUVS and ROVs in studies of marine protected areas and subsea infrastructure, while UVC remains prevalent in shallow coral reef research. Geographic representation is skewed, with the field dominated by researchers based in Australia and the United States, and underrepresented in Africa and Southeast Asia. This imbalance highlights the need for more inclusive, globally coordinated monitoring and reporting. Our results underscore the urgency of standardising protocols within each observation method and developing interoperable reporting frameworks across techniques to maximise data comparability and foster international collaboration. Addressing these challenges will strengthen the field's capacity to inform global conservation strategies and support sustainable fisheries management.
{"title":"Global Analysis of Shallow Underwater Fish Observation Research: 70 Years of Progress, Persistent Geographic Biases and a Path Forward","authors":"Angus John van Wyk, Rick D. Stuart‐Smith, Jordan S. Goetze, Eva Maire, Elodie Heyns‐Veale, Kaylee Smit, Tim J. Langlois, M. Aaron MacNeil, Alejandro Perez Matus, Amanda T. Lombard, Ana Carolina, Christy Semmens, Ella Clausius, Fernanda A. Rolim, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Jacquomo Monk, Joanna K. Schmid, Katherine Tattersall, Laura Ghigliotti, Luther Adams, Melita Samoilys, Pascale Chabanet, Paul Whomersley, Peter Walsh, Reiji Masuda, Russell Brainard, Anthony Bernard","doi":"10.1111/faf.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70072","url":null,"abstract":"Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by overfishing, pollution, coastal development and climate change, underscoring the need for long‐term, representative information on key fish populations and habitats to inform management and policy. Underwater fish observation (UFObs) techniques, such as Underwater Visual Census (UVC), stereo‐Baited Remote Underwater Video (stereo‐BRUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), play a key role in sustaining long‐term data collection. Despite technological advancements, gaps persist in understanding research focus, geographic distribution and methodological biases inherent in these methods. We conducted a scientometric analysis of 1443 peer‐reviewed publications (1953–2023), employing natural language processing and network analysis to map the research landscape. We identified 15 knowledge clusters, including marine protected areas, apex predator conservation and reef ecosystems. Our findings reveal increasing use of BRUVS and ROVs in studies of marine protected areas and subsea infrastructure, while UVC remains prevalent in shallow coral reef research. Geographic representation is skewed, with the field dominated by researchers based in Australia and the United States, and underrepresented in Africa and Southeast Asia. This imbalance highlights the need for more inclusive, globally coordinated monitoring and reporting. Our results underscore the urgency of standardising protocols within each observation method and developing interoperable reporting frameworks across techniques to maximise data comparability and foster international collaboration. Addressing these challenges will strengthen the field's capacity to inform global conservation strategies and support sustainable fisheries management.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Márquez‐Escamilla, Meritxell Maimi‐Checa, Paloma Herrera‐Racionero, Lluís Miret‐Pastor
The fishing sector is facing a major crisis, usually addressed from an economic and/or environmental perspective. However, at least in developed countries, the ageing of fishers and the lack of generational replacement is one of the main challenges to its survival. Although the sector has been calling for this problem to be addressed, there is a dearth of academic work that examines in depth the state of employability and the challenges or conditions of access for young fishers. The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on generational replacement in small‐scale fisheries throughout Europe and to identify the main influencing factors and possible solutions. All this with the ultimate aim of proposing new lines of research that will place this key issue at the centre of the scientific community in order to maintain a productive activity that meets the food needs of the population from a more sustainable perspective and that is deeply rooted and traditional in coastal communities.
{"title":"Europe and Generational Replacement in Fishing: Analysis of the Scarcity of Studies and Proposals for Future Lines of Research","authors":"Andrea Márquez‐Escamilla, Meritxell Maimi‐Checa, Paloma Herrera‐Racionero, Lluís Miret‐Pastor","doi":"10.1111/faf.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70069","url":null,"abstract":"The fishing sector is facing a major crisis, usually addressed from an economic and/or environmental perspective. However, at least in developed countries, the ageing of fishers and the lack of generational replacement is one of the main challenges to its survival. Although the sector has been calling for this problem to be addressed, there is a dearth of academic work that examines in depth the state of employability and the challenges or conditions of access for young fishers. The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on generational replacement in small‐scale fisheries throughout Europe and to identify the main influencing factors and possible solutions. All this with the ultimate aim of proposing new lines of research that will place this key issue at the centre of the scientific community in order to maintain a productive activity that meets the food needs of the population from a more sustainable perspective and that is deeply rooted and traditional in coastal communities.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Schlautmann, Robert Arlinghaus, Daniel Hering, Armin W. Lorenz, Christian Wolter, Christian Schürings
Fish migration through river networks is essential for completing life cycles and accessing critical habitats, but fragmentation increasingly disrupts spawning movements. In Europe, over one million barriers limit connectivity and create trade‐offs between ecological integrity and human uses, such as hydropower, flood control, fisheries and water storage. Furthermore, climate change can decrease habitat suitability, reinforcing migration needs to escape local extinctions. Limited knowledge of environmental triggers constrains species‐specific migration predictions. Here, we quantified the influence of seven environmental triggers—water temperature, flow, turbidity, cloud cover, rain, air pressure and radiation—on spawning migration of European freshwater fishes. A meta‐analysis of 112 studies (685,333 individuals, 953 effect sizes, 50 species) showed that water temperature was the dominant migration trigger. Radiation, turbidity and cloud cover showed weaker, context‐dependent effects, while effects of flow, rain and air pressure were non‐significant. Species‐specific average spawning migration temperatures correlated with upper limits of species‐specific thermal tolerances, indicating that migration timing reflects physiological constraints. Following this argument, we derive a new classification of thermal sensitivity for European freshwater fishes, distinguishing three thermal spawning guilds: cold (< 11°C), cool (11°C–15°C) and warm (> 15°C), with positive migration responses to temperature most frequently in warm‐water, less in cool‐water and rarely in cold‐water species. Our synthesis identifies gaps for species and triggers beyond temperature and flow, providing a quantitative basis for predicting spawning migration timing to guide conservation and connectivity restoration in European rivers.
{"title":"A Meta‐Analysis on Environmental Triggers of Spawning Migrations Reveals a New Classification of Thermal Guilds in European Freshwater Fishes","authors":"Christian Schlautmann, Robert Arlinghaus, Daniel Hering, Armin W. Lorenz, Christian Wolter, Christian Schürings","doi":"10.1111/faf.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Fish migration through river networks is essential for completing life cycles and accessing critical habitats, but fragmentation increasingly disrupts spawning movements. In Europe, over one million barriers limit connectivity and create trade‐offs between ecological integrity and human uses, such as hydropower, flood control, fisheries and water storage. Furthermore, climate change can decrease habitat suitability, reinforcing migration needs to escape local extinctions. Limited knowledge of environmental triggers constrains species‐specific migration predictions. Here, we quantified the influence of seven environmental triggers—water temperature, flow, turbidity, cloud cover, rain, air pressure and radiation—on spawning migration of European freshwater fishes. A meta‐analysis of 112 studies (685,333 individuals, 953 effect sizes, 50 species) showed that water temperature was the dominant migration trigger. Radiation, turbidity and cloud cover showed weaker, context‐dependent effects, while effects of flow, rain and air pressure were non‐significant. Species‐specific average spawning migration temperatures correlated with upper limits of species‐specific thermal tolerances, indicating that migration timing reflects physiological constraints. Following this argument, we derive a new classification of thermal sensitivity for European freshwater fishes, distinguishing three thermal spawning guilds: cold (< 11°C), cool (11°C–15°C) and warm (> 15°C), with positive migration responses to temperature most frequently in warm‐water, less in cool‐water and rarely in cold‐water species. Our synthesis identifies gaps for species and triggers beyond temperature and flow, providing a quantitative basis for predicting spawning migration timing to guide conservation and connectivity restoration in European rivers.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maite Erauskin‐Extramiana, Mireia Valle, Leonardo Cruz, Barbara Muhling, Jose A. Fernandes‐Salvador, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Stephanie Brodie, Elliott L. Hazen, Steven J. Bograd, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Gorka Merino, Nerea Lezama‐Ochoa
Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is an ecologically and economically valuable species. As global warming drives marine species toward cooler or deeper waters, ABFT distributions are expected to shift, potentially disrupting predator–prey dynamics and fisheries interactions. This study models future habitat suitability for ABFT, its primary prey (as a proxy for food availability), and the drifting longline fishery that targets adult ABFT under three climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5). Results indicate a poleward shift in ABFT distribution, with habitat losses in tropical regions and gains in boreal zones. Prey species show similar trends, increasing spatial overlap with ABFT in higher latitudes while decreasing in tropical areas. These boreal regions may act as climate refugia and bright spots , with a projected 15% increase in prey overlap by century's end. However, ABFT key spawning grounds—the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico—are projected to become significantly less suitable for adults, with habitat suitability declining by up to 27% and 73%, respectively, threatening reproductive success. Meanwhile, overlap with the drifting longline fishery may decline by 4%, unless fishing efforts also shift poleward. Regions such as Greenland and northern Europe may become increasingly important for ABFT persistence and expansion. These distributional changes could challenge current international agreements and quota systems, underscoring the need for adaptive, climate‐resilient management strategies.
{"title":"Navigating Future Waters: The Resilience of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Under Climate Change","authors":"Maite Erauskin‐Extramiana, Mireia Valle, Leonardo Cruz, Barbara Muhling, Jose A. Fernandes‐Salvador, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Stephanie Brodie, Elliott L. Hazen, Steven J. Bograd, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Gorka Merino, Nerea Lezama‐Ochoa","doi":"10.1111/faf.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is an ecologically and economically valuable species. As global warming drives marine species toward cooler or deeper waters, ABFT distributions are expected to shift, potentially disrupting predator–prey dynamics and fisheries interactions. This study models future habitat suitability for ABFT, its primary prey (as a proxy for food availability), and the drifting longline fishery that targets adult ABFT under three climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5). Results indicate a poleward shift in ABFT distribution, with habitat losses in tropical regions and gains in boreal zones. Prey species show similar trends, increasing spatial overlap with ABFT in higher latitudes while decreasing in tropical areas. These boreal regions may act as climate <jats:italic>refugia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bright spots</jats:italic> , with a projected 15% increase in prey overlap by century's end. However, ABFT key spawning grounds—the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico—are projected to become significantly less suitable for adults, with habitat suitability declining by up to 27% and 73%, respectively, threatening reproductive success. Meanwhile, overlap with the drifting longline fishery may decline by 4%, unless fishing efforts also shift poleward. Regions such as Greenland and northern Europe may become increasingly important for ABFT persistence and expansion. These distributional changes could challenge current international agreements and quota systems, underscoring the need for adaptive, climate‐resilient management strategies.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe Hayes, Angus Mitchell, Timothy Ravasi, Ivan Nagelkerken
Anthropogenic climate change is threatening ecosystem functionality and biodiversity globally. While significant research has been dedicated to understanding how organisms may respond to future climate change, most of these studies focus on individual levels of biological organisation in controlled laboratory settings, which often fail to capture the complexity of natural ecosystems. Organisms respond to climate stressors across various levels of biological organisation, which also involve complex interactions or feedback mechanisms among levels, making it difficult to generalise responses to climate change from laboratory experiments or single levels alone. Natural analogues provide a unique opportunity to observe complex ecological interactions in real‐world environments with long‐term exposure to climate change stressors. Here, we provide a systematic literature review to reveal how natural analogues of ocean warming and ocean acidification can be used to assess fish responses to climate change across multiple levels of biological organisation (from molecular to biogeographical scales) and to assess how cross‐level buffering and feedback mechanisms may shape fish species persistence in a future ocean. We identify key knowledge gaps and propose research frameworks that integrate natural analogues with laboratory experiments, mesocosms, and predictive models to better capture the complexity of fish responses to climate stressors in a more holistic way. Finally, we highlight the importance of coordinated, cross‐system research using multiple natural analogues to reveal adaptive mechanisms and strengthen predictions of fish community reorganisation under climate change.
{"title":"Natural Analogues of Climate Change Can Reveal Fish Responses Across Multiple Levels of Biological Organisation","authors":"Chloe Hayes, Angus Mitchell, Timothy Ravasi, Ivan Nagelkerken","doi":"10.1111/faf.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70051","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic climate change is threatening ecosystem functionality and biodiversity globally. While significant research has been dedicated to understanding how organisms may respond to future climate change, most of these studies focus on individual levels of biological organisation in controlled laboratory settings, which often fail to capture the complexity of natural ecosystems. Organisms respond to climate stressors across various levels of biological organisation, which also involve complex interactions or feedback mechanisms among levels, making it difficult to generalise responses to climate change from laboratory experiments or single levels alone. Natural analogues provide a unique opportunity to observe complex ecological interactions in real‐world environments with long‐term exposure to climate change stressors. Here, we provide a systematic literature review to reveal how natural analogues of ocean warming and ocean acidification can be used to assess fish responses to climate change across multiple levels of biological organisation (from molecular to biogeographical scales) and to assess how cross‐level buffering and feedback mechanisms may shape fish species persistence in a future ocean. We identify key knowledge gaps and propose research frameworks that integrate natural analogues with laboratory experiments, mesocosms, and predictive models to better capture the complexity of fish responses to climate stressors in a more holistic way. Finally, we highlight the importance of coordinated, cross‐system research using multiple natural analogues to reveal adaptive mechanisms and strengthen predictions of fish community reorganisation under climate change.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henning Winker, Massimiliano Cardinale, Rishi Sharma, Laurence T. Kell, Iago Mosqueira, Christopher Griffiths
Rebuilding fish stocks to levels above which they produce Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is a management aim for all European commercially exploited stocks. Progress is typically monitored against the fishing mortality that produces MSY in the long term ( FMSY ), however, the corresponding biomass target ( BMSY ) is rarely evaluated nor reported. Here, we analyse a unique database of 73 quantitative ICES stock assessments to provide estimates of BMSY across the Northeast Atlantic and apply a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate joint trajectories of F / FMSY and B / BMSY . Our results confirm that median fishing mortality has substantially decreased from its peak in 1999 to just below FMSY in 2020. Despite this, approximately half of the stocks remain fished above FMSY , with 36% exceeding 1.2 × FMSY . Biomass increased on average from below 0.5 BMSY in 2000 to 0.68 BMSY in 2020, but only 40% of stocks are currently above BMSY and only 35% have an age structure that is comparable with fishing at FMSY . Biomass relative to the ICES trigger point (MSY Btrigger ) indicates that more than 70% of stocks are currently within safe biological limits. However, using MSY Btrigger as a surrogate for BMSY results in an over‐optimistic classification of stock status, which conflicts with past levels of exploitation and may hinder stock rebuilding and the achievement of MSY objectives. Future projections from individual assessment forecasts predict further increases in B / BMSY under current F levels. However, to achieve BMSY by 2030, a ‘perfect’ implementation of the ICES Advice Rule would be required.
将鱼类种群恢复到最高可持续产量（MSY）以上的水平是所有欧洲商业捕捞鱼类的管理目标。通常是根据产生长期MSY的捕捞死亡率（fmsy）来监测进展情况，但是，很少评估或报告相应的生物量目标（bmsy）。在这里，我们分析了一个独特的数据库，其中包含73个定量的ICES种群评估，以提供东北大西洋B MSY的估计，并应用贝叶斯状态空间模型来估计F / F MSY和B / B MSY的联合轨迹。我们的研究结果证实，捕捞死亡率中位数已从1999年的峰值大幅下降到2020年略低于fmsy。尽管如此，仍有大约一半的鱼类种群的捕获量高于最高可捕捞量，其中36%超过1.2 ×最高可捕捞量。生物量从2000年的0.5亿立方米/年平均增加到2020年的0.68亿立方米/年，但目前只有40%的种群高于100亿立方米/年，只有35%的种群年龄结构与最高渔业年产量相当。相对于ICES触发点（MSY B触发点）的生物量表明，目前70%以上的种群处于安全的生物限度内。然而，使用MSY B触发器作为B MSY的替代品会导致过度乐观的种群状况分类，这与过去的开发水平相冲突，并可能阻碍种群重建和MSY目标的实现。根据个别评估预测的未来预测，在目前的F水平下，B / B最高产量将进一步增加。然而，要在2030年之前实现bmsy，就需要“完美”地实施ICES咨询规则。
{"title":"Assessing the Progress of Stock Rebuilding in the Northeast Atlantic Against Levels That Can Produce Maximum Sustainable Yield","authors":"Henning Winker, Massimiliano Cardinale, Rishi Sharma, Laurence T. Kell, Iago Mosqueira, Christopher Griffiths","doi":"10.1111/faf.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.70066","url":null,"abstract":"Rebuilding fish stocks to levels above which they produce Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is a management aim for all European commercially exploited stocks. Progress is typically monitored against the fishing mortality that produces MSY in the long term ( <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> ), however, the corresponding biomass target ( <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> ) is rarely evaluated nor reported. Here, we analyse a unique database of 73 quantitative ICES stock assessments to provide estimates of <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> across the Northeast Atlantic and apply a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate joint trajectories of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> . Our results confirm that median fishing mortality has substantially decreased from its peak in 1999 to just below <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> in 2020. Despite this, approximately half of the stocks remain fished above <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> , with 36% exceeding 1.2 × <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> . Biomass increased on average from below 0.5 <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> in 2000 to 0.68 <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> in 2020, but only 40% of stocks are currently above <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> and only 35% have an age structure that is comparable with fishing at <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> . Biomass relative to the ICES trigger point (MSY <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>trigger</jats:sub> ) indicates that more than 70% of stocks are currently within safe biological limits. However, using MSY <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>trigger</jats:sub> as a surrogate for <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> results in an over‐optimistic classification of stock status, which conflicts with past levels of exploitation and may hinder stock rebuilding and the achievement of MSY objectives. Future projections from individual assessment forecasts predict further increases in <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> under current <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> levels. However, to achieve <jats:italic>B</jats:italic> <jats:sub>MSY</jats:sub> by 2030, a ‘perfect’ implementation of the ICES Advice Rule would be required.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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