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Significant Psychedelic Experiences Evaluated for Mystical Characteristics Associated with Cannabis Use Reduction and Psychological Flexibility Improvement: A Naturalistic Cross-Sectional Retrospective Survey. 重要迷幻体验的神秘特征评估与减少使用大麻和提高心理灵活性有关:一项自然主义横断面回顾性调查。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2375720
B Romeo, E Kervadec, B Fauvel, L Strika-Bruneau, A Amirouche, V Verroust, P Piolino, A Benyamina

Treating cannabis use disorder remains a significant challenge in the field of addiction medicine. Some recent studies point to psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy as a potential treatment option for substance use disorders. The objective of this study was therefore to explore the impact of naturalistic psychedelic experiences on cannabis use and psychological flexibility. An online retrospective survey was carried out on 152 cannabis users who also reported a significant experience induced by psychedelics in the past. Following a psychedelic experience, there was a significant and sustained reduction of average CUDIT score (p < .001), frequency of cannabis use (p < .001), and acute duration of daily intoxication (p < .001). Cannabis use reduction during the first month post-experience was significantly associated with the intensity of the mystical experience (p = .01). Participants reported a concomitant increased lasting improvement of psychological flexibility following the experience (p < .001), which was correlated to the intensity of the mystical experience during the first month post-experience (p = .04). This study demonstrates that naturalistic psychedelic experiences may be followed by a decrease in cannabis use. Positive health outcomes appear potentially connected to the intensity of the mystical experience, as well as an improvement in psychological flexibility.

治疗大麻使用障碍仍然是成瘾医学领域的一项重大挑战。最近的一些研究指出,迷幻药辅助心理疗法是治疗药物使用障碍的一种潜在方法。因此,本研究旨在探讨自然迷幻体验对大麻使用和心理灵活性的影响。研究人员对 152 名大麻使用者进行了在线回顾性调查,这些人也报告了过去曾有过由迷幻药诱发的重要经历。在经历迷幻体验后,CUDIT 平均得分出现了显著而持续的下降(p p p p = .01)。参与者报告说,在体验后,心理灵活性的持续改善也随之增加(p p = .04)。这项研究表明,自然迷幻体验后可能会减少大麻的使用。积极的健康结果可能与神秘体验的强度以及心理灵活性的改善有关。
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引用次数: 0
Sexualized drug use and chemsex: A bibliometric and content analysis of published literature. 性化药物使用和化学性行为:对已发表文献的文献计量和内容分析。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2367614
Luke Muschialli, Justin C Yang, Teyl Engstrom, Cheneal Puljevic, Edoardo Beltazar, Emmanuel Beltazar, Owais Siddique, Jason Ferris, Dean J Connolly

Sexualized drug use (SDU) describes drug-facilitated sexual enhancement, and chemsex is an SDU subculture involving the use of specific drugs by men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to identify research trends, foci, and themes within the SDU and chemsex-specific literature. The Web of Science Core Collection was searched with a list of SDU synonyms. All SDU-related articles were analyzed using the R package, bibliometrix. Full text review identified chemsex-specific records, and text was extracted verbatim for content analysis in Leximancer. The search returned 1,866 unique records. A total of 521 addressed SDU, and 301 papers specifically addressed chemsex. The small but growing SDU literature primarily addressed consensual encounters between MSM, and drug-facilitated assault experienced by women, in Western settings. Little attention was given to transgender communities or consensual SDU in cisgender heterosexual individuals. The literature primarily viewed SDU through a public health lens, specifically focusing on the risk conferred to sexual health.The SDU and chemsex-specific literature are potentially limited in scope and may inadequately capture the geographical, demographic, and cultural diversity of these phenomena. Future research should address the myriad social and health implications of SDU and chemsex participation across all relevant communities and settings.

性化药物使用(SDU)是指借助药物增强性能力,而化学性交(chemsex)是SDU的一种亚文化,涉及男男性行为者(MSM)使用特定药物。本研究旨在确定 SDU 和 chemsex 专属文献中的研究趋势、重点和主题。研究人员使用 "飞虎队 "同义词列表在科学网核心数据库中进行了搜索。使用 R 软件包 bibliometrix 分析了所有与飞虎队相关的文章。通过全文检索确定了化学性别特定记录,并逐字提取文本,以便在 Leximancer 中进行内容分析。搜索返回了 1,866 条唯一记录。共有 521 篇论文涉及 SDU,301 篇论文专门涉及化学性行为。规模虽小但不断增长的 SDU 文献主要涉及男男性行为者之间的自愿性接触,以及在西方环境下由女性经历的由毒品促成的性侵犯。对于变性人群体或顺性异性恋者的自愿性交很少给予关注。这些文献主要从公共卫生的角度来看待性接触暴行,特别关注性健康所面临的风险。针对性接触暴行和化学性性行为的文献可能范围有限,可能无法充分反映这些现象的地域、人口和文化多样性。未来的研究应探讨在所有相关社区和环境中参与 SDU 和化学性性行为对社会和健康的各种影响。
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引用次数: 0
Psychedelic Experiences After Bereavement Improve Symptoms of Grief: The Influence of Emotional Breakthroughs and Challenging Experiences. 丧亲后的迷幻体验可改善悲伤症状:情感突破和挑战性体验的影响。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2228303
Fiona Low, Mitch Earleywine

Grief, a common reaction to loss, can frequently become problematic or impairing. Available treatments for prolonged grief disorder are promising but leave room for considerable improvement. Qualitative accounts of psychedelic experiences after bereavement reveal themes that parallel core components of prolonged grief disorder therapy. However, few studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of psychedelics for symptoms of grief. The present study surveyed recreational psychedelic users (N = 363) who had suffered a bereavement event. They reported retrospective grief symptoms before and after the psychedelic experience as well as subjective reactions to the psychedelic, including emotional breakthroughs and challenging experiences. Results indicate improvements in grief symptoms after a psychedelic experience, with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.83). The occurrence of emotional breakthroughs was positively associated with improvements in symptoms of grief, while the converse relation was observed for challenging experiences. Findings provide preliminary evidence that support the development of a psychedelic-assisted therapy protocol to target symptoms of grief. Psychedelic-assisted therapy might offer an alternative to current grief treatment options.

悲伤是对失去亲人的一种常见反应,经常会造成问题或损害。针对长期悲伤障碍的现有治疗方法很有前景,但仍有很大的改进空间。关于丧亲后迷幻体验的定性描述揭示了与长期悲伤障碍治疗的核心内容相似的主题。然而,很少有研究调查了迷幻药对悲伤症状的治疗潜力。本研究调查了曾遭受丧亲之痛的娱乐性迷幻药使用者(363 人)。他们回顾了迷幻体验前后的悲伤症状以及对迷幻药的主观反应,包括情感突破和挑战性体验。结果表明,迷幻体验后悲伤症状有所改善,并产生了较大的效应(Cohen's d = 0.83)。情感突破的发生与悲伤症状的改善呈正相关,而挑战性体验则呈反向关系。研究结果提供了初步证据,支持开发针对悲伤症状的迷幻辅助疗法方案。迷幻药辅助疗法或许可以替代目前的悲伤治疗方案。
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引用次数: 0
Health Benefits and Positive Acute Effects of Psilocybin Consumption: A Quantitative Textual Analysis of User Self-Reported Data. 服用迷幻药对健康的益处和积极的急性效应:对使用者自述数据的定量文本分析。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2226414
Bheatrix Bienemann, Amanda Rocha Barbosa, Lucas Villar Magalhães da Cruz, Marco Multedo, Daniel Mograbi

There has been growth in the use of psychedelics by the global population in recent years. In addition to recreational and ritualistic use, recent research into psychedelics has brought advances for treating mental disorders. Understanding the specific circumstances in which psilocybin leads to positive outcomes may have important implications for the future of its clinical use and for harm reduction initiatives. This study aimed to investigate the positive effects from the consumption of psilocybin through public online self-reports. We sought to investigate health benefits promoted by the consumption of the substance, positive acute effects, and contextual details of these experiences. We analyzed 846 reports with the assistance of the IRaMuTeQ textual analysis software, adopting the procedures of Descending Hierarchical Classification, Correspondence Factor Analysis, and Specificities Analysis. The texts were grouped in 5 clusters, describing the content of mental experiences, cognitive processes, somatic experiences, perceptual alterations, and context of administration. The findings of this study reinforce central axes of the psychedelic experience, such as the presence of somatic and visual alterations, connectedness and feeling one with the world and effects of setting, as well as the beneficial character of mystical experiences this substance promotes, and the importance of the ego-dissolution phenomenon.

近年来,全球使用迷幻药的人数不断增加。除了娱乐性和仪式性使用外,近期对迷幻剂的研究也为治疗精神疾病带来了进展。了解迷幻剂在哪些特定情况下会产生积极效果,可能会对迷幻剂未来的临床使用和减低伤害措施产生重要影响。本研究旨在通过公众在线自我报告来调查服用迷幻药的积极影响。我们试图调查服用该物质对健康的益处、积极的急性效应以及这些经历的背景细节。我们在 IRaMuTeQ 文本分析软件的帮助下,采用降序层次分类法、对应因子分析法和特异性分析法对 846 篇报告进行了分析。文本被分为 5 组,分别描述了心理体验、认知过程、躯体体验、知觉改变和用药环境的内容。这项研究的结果强化了迷幻体验的中心轴,如躯体和视觉改变的存在、与世界的联系和融为一体的感觉、环境的影响,以及这种物质所促进的神秘体验的有益特征和自我解体现象的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Sex Moderates Associations Between Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation and Problematic Cannabis Use. 性别可调节情绪失调维度与问题性吸食大麻之间的关系。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2210552
Jessica M Cavalli, Anita Cservenka

The current study examined whether sex moderates associations between emotion dysregulation (overall and six dimensions of emotion dysregulation) and problematic cannabis use. 741 adult past-month cannabis users (31.44% female) completed questionnaires on problematic cannabis use (Marijuana Problems Scale) and emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale). Mann-Whitney U tests and hierarchical multiple linear regressions were performed. Male cannabis users reported greater difficulties with overall emotion dysregulation, nonacceptance, goals, impulse, strategies, and clarity. Overall emotion dysregulation, nonacceptance, goals, impulse, and strategies were associated with more severe problematic cannabis use, with relationships weaker in female cannabis users. Lack of emotional awareness was associated with less severe problematic cannabis use in male cannabis users only. Examining individual differences in emotion dysregulation as they relate to problematic cannabis use suggests that treatments may need to be tailored for male cannabis users with a focus on specific emotion dysregulation dimensions.

本研究探讨了性别是否会调节情绪失调(总体情绪失调和六个方面的情绪失调)与问题性吸食大麻之间的关系。741 名过去一个月吸食大麻的成年人(31.44% 为女性)填写了关于问题性吸食大麻(大麻问题量表)和情绪失调(情绪调节困难量表)的问卷。结果进行了曼-惠特尼 U 检验和分层多元线性回归。男性大麻使用者在总体情绪失调、不接受、目标、冲动、策略和清晰度方面遇到的困难更大。总体情绪失调、不接受、目标、冲动和策略与更严重的大麻使用问题相关,而女性大麻使用者的关系较弱。只有男性大麻使用者缺乏情绪意识与较轻的问题大麻使用有关。研究情绪失调与问题性吸食大麻之间的个体差异表明,可能需要为男性大麻使用者量身定制治疗方案,重点关注特定的情绪失调维度。
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引用次数: 0
Pregabalin Qualitative Detection in Turkish Forensic Cases Between 2017 to 2018. 2017 年至 2018 年土耳其法医案例中的普瑞巴林定性检测。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2226138
Ceyda Teker, Rukiye Aslan, Cahit İpekçi, Mehmet Tokdemir, Serap Annette Akgür

Pregabalin (PGB) has been commonly subjected to diversion, from being a prescription drug to a recreational drug. In this study, pregabalin use (which is one of the substances subject to control in Turkey) and the concomitant use of other substances in cases admitted to the Izmir Forensic Medicine Institute was evaluated. Samples from 15,259 cases were screened, between June 2017 and December 2018, for the presence of PGB, and PGB positive cases were further analyzed. Of all cases screened, PGB was detected in 3.2% (n = 487). The mean age of PGB positive cases was 29.24 ± 10.34 years old (min: 14, max: 84), and 94% of them were male. Cannabis metabolite THC-COOH was the most common substance detected in the blood samples following PGB. Overall, 8 other substances were commonly used along with PGB. These substances were cannabis, morphine, hydromorphone, codeine, hydrocodone, heroin, paracetamol, and naproxen. Finally, we observed similar results in urine analysis. This research provides systematic data for PGB use in forensic cases in Turkey. The study findings indicate that PGB and multiple drug use increased over time, and providers should be particularly careful when prescribing PGB.

普瑞巴林(PGB)从处方药转为娱乐用药的情况十分普遍。在本研究中,对伊兹密尔法医研究所收治的病例中普瑞巴林的使用情况(普瑞巴林是土耳其受管制的药物之一)以及同时使用其他药物的情况进行了评估。在2017年6月至2018年12月期间,对15259例病例的样本进行了PGB筛查,并对PGB阳性病例进行了进一步分析。在所有筛查病例中,3.2%(n = 487)的病例检测出 PGB。PGB阳性病例的平均年龄为(29.24±10.34)岁(最小:14岁,最大:84岁),其中94%为男性。大麻代谢物 THC-COOH 是 PGB 检测后在血液样本中最常检测到的物质。总体而言,其他 8 种物质通常与 PGB 同时使用。这些物质是大麻、吗啡、氢吗啡酮、可待因、氢可酮、海洛因、扑热息痛和萘普生。最后,我们在尿液分析中也观察到了类似的结果。这项研究提供了土耳其法医案件中使用 PGB 的系统数据。研究结果表明,PGB 和多种药物的使用随着时间的推移而增加,因此医疗服务提供者在开具 PGB 处方时应特别小心。
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引用次数: 0
Psilocybin's Potential Mechanisms in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review. 迷幻药治疗抑郁症的潜在机制:系统回顾
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2223195
Harrison J Lee, Vivian Wl Tsang, Brandon S Chai, Michelle Cq Lin, Andrew Howard, Christopher Uy, Julius O Elefante

Evidence suggests that psilocybin has therapeutic benefit for treating depression. However, there is little consensus regarding the mechanism by which psilocybin elicits antidepressant effects. This systematic review summarizes existing evidence. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, psychINFO, and Web of Science were searched, for both human and animal studies, using a combination of MeSH Terms and free-text keywords in September 2021. No other mood disorders or psychiatric diagnoses were included. Original papers in English were included. The PRISMA framework was followed for the screening of papers. Two researchers screened the retrieved articles from the literature search, and a third researcher resolved any conflicts. Of 2,193 papers identified, 49 were selected for full-text review. 14 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Six supported psilocybin's mechanism of antidepressant action via changes to serotonin or glutamate receptor activity and three papers found an increase in synaptogenesis. Thirteen papers investigated changes in non-receptor or pathway-specific brain activity. Five papers found changes in functional connectivity or neurotransmission, most commonly in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Several neuroreceptors, neurotransmitters, and brain areas are thought to be involved in psilocybin's ability to mitigate depressive symptoms. Psilocybin appears to alter cerebral blood flow to the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, but the evidence on changes in functional connectivity and specific receptor activity remains sparse. The lack of consensus between studies suggests that psilocybin's mechanism of action may involve a variety of pathways, demonstrating the need for more studies on psilocybin's mechanism of action as an antidepressant.

有证据表明,迷幻药对治疗抑郁症有疗效。然而,人们对迷幻药产生抗抑郁作用的机制还没有达成共识。本系统综述总结了现有证据。2021 年 9 月,我们使用 MeSH 术语和自由文本关键词对 Ovid MEDLINE、EMBASE、psychINFO 和 Web of Science 的人类和动物研究进行了检索。不包括其他情绪障碍或精神病学诊断。收录的论文均为英文原文。论文筛选遵循 PRISMA 框架。两名研究人员对文献检索中检索到的文章进行筛选,第三名研究人员负责解决任何冲突。在确定的 2193 篇论文中,有 49 篇被选中进行全文审阅。14 篇文章被纳入定性综述。六篇文章支持银环蛇素通过改变血清素或谷氨酸受体活性的抗抑郁作用机制,三篇文章发现了突触生成的增加。13 篇论文研究了非受体或特定通路大脑活动的变化。五篇论文发现了功能连接或神经传递的变化,其中最常见的是海马或前额叶皮层。有几种神经受体、神经递质和大脑区域被认为与迷幻药减轻抑郁症状的能力有关。迷幻药似乎能改变流向杏仁核和前额叶皮层的脑血流量,但有关功能连接和特定受体活动变化的证据仍然很少。研究之间缺乏共识表明,迷幻药的作用机制可能涉及多种途径,因此需要对迷幻药作为抗抑郁药的作用机制进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Symptoms of Stimulant Misuse and Community Support Among Members of a Recovery-Oriented Online Community. 研究以康复为导向的在线社区成员滥用兴奋剂的症状和社区支持。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2228781
Erin Kasson, Lindsey M Filiatreau, Kevin Davet, Nina Kaiser, Georgi Sirko, Mehaly Bekele, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg

Misuse of prescription and non-prescription stimulants and related overdose deaths represent a growing public health crisis that warrants immediate intervention. We examined 100 posts and their respective comments from a public, recovery-oriented Reddit community in January 2021 to explore content related to DSM-V stimulant use disorder symptoms, access and barriers to recovery, and peer support. Using inductive and deductive methods, a codebook was developed with the following primary themes: 1) DSM-V Symptoms and Risk Factors, 2) Stigma/Shame, 3) Seeking Advice or Information, 4) Supportive or Unsupportive Comments. In 37% of posts community members reported taking high doses and engaging in prolonged misuse of stimulants. Nearly half of posts in the sample (46%) were seeking advice for recovery, but 42% noted fear of withdrawal symptoms or a loss of productivity (18%) as barriers to abstinence or a reduction in use. Concerns related to stigma, shame, hiding use from others (30%), and comorbid mental health conditions (34%) were also noted. Social media content analysis allows for insight into information about lived experiences of individuals struggling with substance use disorders. Future online interventions should address recovery barriers related to stigma and shame as well as fears associated with the physical and psychological impact of quitting stimulant misuse.

处方和非处方兴奋剂的滥用以及与之相关的用药过量死亡是一个日益严重的公共卫生危机,需要立即采取干预措施。我们研究了 2021 年 1 月一个以康复为导向的 Reddit 公共社区中的 100 篇帖子及其相关评论,以探讨与 DSM-V 兴奋剂使用障碍症状、康复途径和障碍以及同伴支持相关的内容。通过归纳和演绎的方法,我们编制了一个编码手册,其中包含以下主要主题:1)DSM-V 症状和风险因素;2)羞辱/耻辱;3)寻求建议或信息;4)支持或不支持的评论。在 37% 的帖子中,社区成员报告了服用大剂量和长期滥用兴奋剂的情况。近一半的样本帖子(46%)在寻求戒毒建议,但 42% 的帖子指出,担心戒断症状或丧失生产力(18%)是戒断或减少使用的障碍。此外,还有人对污名化、羞耻感、向他人隐瞒吸毒情况(30%)和合并精神疾病(34%)表示担忧。通过社交媒体内容分析,可以深入了解与药物使用障碍作斗争的个人的生活经历。未来的在线干预措施应解决与耻辱感和羞耻感相关的康复障碍,以及与戒除滥用兴奋剂的生理和心理影响相关的恐惧。
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引用次数: 0
Caregivers' Attitudes Toward Treatment Length for Persons in Swedish Opioid Agonist Treatment. A Qualitative Interview Study. 护理人员对接受瑞典阿片类激动剂治疗者的治疗时间的态度。定性访谈研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2228794
Christina Nehlin, Charlotte Wollert Brander, Caisa Öster

Although opioid agonist treatment (OAT) has several beneficial effects, the issue of optimal treatment length remains unresolved. It is plausible that caregivers' attitudes toward treatment length are of importance to whether, how and when tapering off will take place. In this study, we investigated caregivers' attitudes toward treatment length by interviewing 15 caregivers from a variety of professions working in seven OAT treatment programs in Sweden. Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. The participants were generally hesitant concerning the idea of tapering off. Few of them had experiences of patients tapering off successfully. Many of them never brought up the subject unless the patient did so her-/himself. Only younger, socially stable patients were perceived to be suitable for tapering off. Participants also expressed a need among staff for education and ethical discussions on treatment length. A person-centered focus may be promoted by recurrently discussing treatment goals and by co-operating with patients to map the recovery capital of those interested in tapering. To further support caregivers in developing person-centered care, more knowledge of opioid use disorder and professional and interprofessional discussions of caregivers' own attitudes and beliefs are paramount.

尽管阿片类激动剂治疗(OAT)具有多种有益效果,但最佳治疗时间的问题仍未得到解决。护理人员对治疗时间长短的态度对是否、如何以及何时逐渐减少治疗量至关重要。在这项研究中,我们通过采访 15 名来自瑞典 7 个 OAT 治疗项目的不同职业的护理人员,调查了护理人员对治疗时长的态度。我们采用应用主题分析法对数据进行了分析。参与者普遍对缩短疗程的想法犹豫不决。他们中很少有人有患者成功减量的经历。他们中的许多人从未提起过这个话题,除非患者自己提出。他们认为只有年轻、社会地位稳定的病人才适合减量。与会者还表示,工作人员需要就治疗时间的长短进行教育和伦理讨论。通过反复讨论治疗目标以及与患者合作绘制有兴趣减量的患者的康复资本图,可以促进以人为本。为了进一步支持护理人员开展以人为本的护理,最重要的是要增加对阿片类药物使用障碍的了解,并对护理人员自身的态度和信念进行专业和跨专业讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Associations Between Kratom-Related State Policy Environments and Kratom Use in a Nationally Representative Population in the United States. 美国具有全国代表性的人群中与 Kratom 相关的州政策环境与 Kratom 使用之间的关联。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2223622
Matthew S Ellis, Mance E Buttram, Alyssa Forber, Joshua C Black

Limited research has resulted in conflicting views on the risks versus benefits associated with kratom use. Despite no federal policy in the United States, individual states have implemented diverging policies through kratom bans, and legalization and regulation through Kratom Consumer Protection Acts (KCPAs). The Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) Program employs nationally-representative, repeated cross-sectional surveys on drug use. In 2021, weighted prevalence of past-12 month kratom use was compared across three state legal frameworks: no overarching state policy, KCPAs, and state bans. There was lower estimated prevalence of kratom use in banned states (prevalence: 0.75% (0.44, 1.06) relative to states with a KCPA (1.20% (0.89, 1.51)), and relative to states with no policies (1.04% (0.94, 1.13), though odds of use were not significantly associated with policy type. Kratom use was significantly associated with medicated treatment for opioid use disorder. While there were observed differences in the prevalence of past-12 month kratom use by state policy type, low uptake mitigated meaningful distinctions by limiting statistical precision, and potentially confounding effects, such as accessibility online. Future kratom-related policy decisions should be informed through evidence-based research.

有限的研究导致人们对使用 Kratom 的风险和益处产生了相互矛盾的看法。尽管美国联邦政府没有制定相关政策,但各州通过禁止使用 kratom,以及通过《Kratom 消费者保护法》(KCPA)实现合法化和监管,实施了不同的政策。非医疗使用处方药调查 (NMURx) 计划采用了具有全国代表性的、重复的横截面药物使用调查。2021 年,在三个州的法律框架下比较了过去 12 个月使用克利托姆的加权流行率:无总体州政策、KCPA 和州禁令。在禁止使用的州,使用 kratom 的估计流行率较低(流行率:0.75%(0.44%)):相对于有 KCPA 的州(1.20% (0.89, 1.51))和无政策的州(1.04% (0.94, 1.13)),使用率为 0.75% (0.44, 1.06),但使用率与政策类型无显著关联。使用 Kratom 与阿片类药物使用障碍的药物治疗密切相关。虽然观察到各州政策类型在过去 12 个月中使用 kratom 的流行率存在差异,但由于使用率较低,限制了统计精确度,并可能产生混淆效应(如在线可及性),从而减少了有意义的区分。未来与 kratom 相关的政策决策应通过循证研究来确定。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of psychoactive drugs
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