Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1177/07316844241256415
Hongliang Zhang, Xinyue Liu, Ning Wang
This paper introduces a novel toughened polymer mortar designed for runway repair, featuring outstanding impact resistance, high strength, and cost-effectiveness. To augment the toughness of unsaturated polyester (UP) polymer mortar, nano-SiO2 and polyurethane (PU) were incorporated. Firstly, the optimal dosages of nano-SiO2 and PU were determined through tensile test and impact test. Then, the modification mechanism of nano-SiO2/PU on UP resin was explored by microscopic image technology. In addition, the compression, flexural, fluidity, flexural bond strength and construction time tests were carried out to determine the optimal formula of nano-SiO2/PU modified UP resin mortar. Finally, the durability, impact resistance, impermeability resistance, skid resistance, and interlayer bond strength of modified UP resin mortar were studied and compared with those of pure UP resin mortar and epoxy (EP) resin mortar. Results show that the optimum proportion by mass for nano-SiO2/polyurethane modified UP resin is, UP resin: PU: dibutyltin dilaurate: nano-SiO2: initiator: accelerator: diluent: plasticizer = 1: 0.1: 0.002: 0.01: 0.01: 0.01:0.15:0.01. Furthermore, the mass proportion of modified UP resin to aggregate is 1: 1.2. In nano-SiO2/PU modification of UP resin, the -NCO groups of PU have been involved in chemical interaction with the -OH group of UP, while nano-SiO2 and UP resin are blended physically only. Compared with pure UP resin mortar, the nano-SiO2/PU modified UP resin mortar exhibited a 44% reduction in shrinkage rate, approximately 20% less corrosion loss, a 32% decrease in freeze-thaw loss, a 37% improvement in impact resistance, and increased shear bonding strength, flexural bonding strength, and tensile bonding strength by 44%, 33%, and 47%, respectively. Although the modified UP resin mortar demonstrated slightly lower performance in terms of dry shrinkage, corrosion resistance, skid resistance, and tensile bond strength compared to EP resin mortar, its freeze-thaw durability, impact resistance, flexural bond strength, and shear bond strength surpassed those of EP resin mortar. All three materials exhibited excellent impermeability. Leveraging the advantages of PU and nano-SiO2, the modified UP resin presents a promising repair material for airport pavement with enhanced toughness, high stability, and reduced cost.
本文介绍了一种用于跑道修复的新型增韧聚合物砂浆，它具有出色的抗冲击性、高强度和成本效益。为了增强不饱和聚酯（UP）聚合物砂浆的韧性，在其中加入了纳米二氧化硅和聚氨酯（PU）。首先，通过拉伸试验和冲击试验确定了纳米二氧化硅和聚氨酯的最佳用量。然后，通过显微图像技术探讨了纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯对 UP 树脂的改性机理。此外，还进行了抗压、抗弯、流动性、抗弯粘结强度和施工时间试验，以确定纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯改性 UP 树脂砂浆的最佳配方。最后，研究了改性 UP 树脂砂浆的耐久性、抗冲击性、抗渗性、防滑性和层间粘结强度，并与纯 UP 树脂砂浆和环氧（EP）树脂砂浆进行了比较。结果表明，纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯改性 UP 树脂的最佳质量配比为 UP 树脂：聚氨酯：二月桂酸二丁基锡：纳米二氧化硅：引发剂：促进剂：稀释剂：增塑剂=1：0.1：0.002：0.01：0.01：0.01：0.15：0.01。此外，改性 UP 树脂与骨料的质量比例为 1:1.2。在对 UP 树脂进行纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯改性时，聚氨酯的 -NCO 基团与 UP 的 -OH 基团发生了化学作用，而纳米二氧化硅与 UP 树脂只是物理混合。与纯 UP 树脂砂浆相比，纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯改性 UP 树脂砂浆的收缩率降低了 44%，腐蚀损失减少了约 20%，冻融损失降低了 32%，抗冲击性提高了 37%，剪切粘结强度、弯曲粘结强度和拉伸粘结强度分别提高了 44%、33% 和 47%。虽然改性 UP 树脂砂浆在干缩、耐腐蚀、防滑和拉伸粘结强度方面的性能略低于 EP 树脂砂浆，但其冻融耐久性、抗冲击性、挠曲粘结强度和剪切粘结强度却超过了 EP 树脂砂浆。这三种材料都具有优异的抗渗性。改性 UP 树脂充分利用了聚氨酯和纳米二氧化硅的优点，是一种具有良好韧性、高稳定性和低成本的机场路面修复材料。
{"title":"Nano-SiO2/polyurethane modified unsaturated polyester resin mortar for thin layer repairing on airport pavement","authors":"Hongliang Zhang, Xinyue Liu, Ning Wang","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256415","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel toughened polymer mortar designed for runway repair, featuring outstanding impact resistance, high strength, and cost-effectiveness. To augment the toughness of unsaturated polyester (UP) polymer mortar, nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and polyurethane (PU) were incorporated. Firstly, the optimal dosages of nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and PU were determined through tensile test and impact test. Then, the modification mechanism of nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/PU on UP resin was explored by microscopic image technology. In addition, the compression, flexural, fluidity, flexural bond strength and construction time tests were carried out to determine the optimal formula of nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/PU modified UP resin mortar. Finally, the durability, impact resistance, impermeability resistance, skid resistance, and interlayer bond strength of modified UP resin mortar were studied and compared with those of pure UP resin mortar and epoxy (EP) resin mortar. Results show that the optimum proportion by mass for nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/polyurethane modified UP resin is, UP resin: PU: dibutyltin dilaurate: nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>: initiator: accelerator: diluent: plasticizer = 1: 0.1: 0.002: 0.01: 0.01: 0.01:0.15:0.01. Furthermore, the mass proportion of modified UP resin to aggregate is 1: 1.2. In nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/PU modification of UP resin, the -NCO groups of PU have been involved in chemical interaction with the -OH group of UP, while nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and UP resin are blended physically only. Compared with pure UP resin mortar, the nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/PU modified UP resin mortar exhibited a 44% reduction in shrinkage rate, approximately 20% less corrosion loss, a 32% decrease in freeze-thaw loss, a 37% improvement in impact resistance, and increased shear bonding strength, flexural bonding strength, and tensile bonding strength by 44%, 33%, and 47%, respectively. Although the modified UP resin mortar demonstrated slightly lower performance in terms of dry shrinkage, corrosion resistance, skid resistance, and tensile bond strength compared to EP resin mortar, its freeze-thaw durability, impact resistance, flexural bond strength, and shear bond strength surpassed those of EP resin mortar. All three materials exhibited excellent impermeability. Leveraging the advantages of PU and nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, the modified UP resin presents a promising repair material for airport pavement with enhanced toughness, high stability, and reduced cost.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1177/07316844241256429
Chao Liu, Qingxun Meng, Changbao Zhao, Daifeng Hu
The reliability and service safety of composite structures are compromised by drilling defects on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. However, the synergism effect of different types of drilling defects on the mechanical behavior of structures remains unclear. To address this gap, this study focuses on investigating the intralaminar and interlaminar tensile damage evolution response of open-hole CFRP laminates while considering drilling quality. A model is developed, incorporating drilling delamination and tearing defects using the LaRC05 failure criterion and extended finite element method (XFEM). The model implemented in Abaqus/Standard software and the UDMGINI user subroutine is validated through experimentation. Subsequently, three types of open-hole CFRP laminates with typical drilling defect factors are subjected to tensile failure analysis. The results show a notable decline in the mechanical performance of CFRP laminates when drilling defect factors exceed certain levels. Moreover, a progressive damage evolution pattern is analyzed for open-hole CFRP laminates with respect to ply stacking sequences. The interaction between interlaminar delamination propagation and intralaminar crack evolution paths is discussed, highlighting that the concentration of in-plane shear stress primarily influences the location of crack initiation in CFRP laminates.
{"title":"Effects of drilling-induced defects on tensile damage evolution of CFRP laminates","authors":"Chao Liu, Qingxun Meng, Changbao Zhao, Daifeng Hu","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256429","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability and service safety of composite structures are compromised by drilling defects on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. However, the synergism effect of different types of drilling defects on the mechanical behavior of structures remains unclear. To address this gap, this study focuses on investigating the intralaminar and interlaminar tensile damage evolution response of open-hole CFRP laminates while considering drilling quality. A model is developed, incorporating drilling delamination and tearing defects using the LaRC05 failure criterion and extended finite element method (XFEM). The model implemented in Abaqus/Standard software and the UDMGINI user subroutine is validated through experimentation. Subsequently, three types of open-hole CFRP laminates with typical drilling defect factors are subjected to tensile failure analysis. The results show a notable decline in the mechanical performance of CFRP laminates when drilling defect factors exceed certain levels. Moreover, a progressive damage evolution pattern is analyzed for open-hole CFRP laminates with respect to ply stacking sequences. The interaction between interlaminar delamination propagation and intralaminar crack evolution paths is discussed, highlighting that the concentration of in-plane shear stress primarily influences the location of crack initiation in CFRP laminates.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1177/07316844241256417
Muhammet Muaz Yalçın
This study presents a focused experimental exploration into the energy absorption characteristics and failure mechanisms of nested circular rings under lateral loading. The rings were 3D printed using the fuse deposition modeling method with an onyx material containing chopped carbon fiber. The dimensions of the rings were determined to be the same in width and thickness, while the diameter had four different values. The samples of nested rings consist of at least two and up to five individual rings. These samples were obtained by using individual rings in various different sequences and orders. Two different configurations for each nested sample type were also studied to observe the effect of the ring sequences and orders on the energy absorption capability. It is concluded from the results that even though the single ring with the smallest diameter has the highest force values, the highest energy absorption and specific energy absorption values were obtained in another single ring. The alignment of the single rings has a superior effect on the energy absorption capacity of the nested samples. Also, a gain in absorbed energy was observed in nested samples due to the interaction between the single rings. This interaction showed that the algebraic summation of the energy values of single rings used in a nested sample was lower than the energy value of the same nested sample. In the nested samples, the absorbed energy increased proportionally to the number of single rings. However, the crashworthiness parameters were affected quite differently from the energy absorption capacity. While the highest energy absorption values are obtained in nested samples with five single rings, other nested samples reached the highest values in terms of some of the crashworthiness parameters. The NR5-A sample absorbed 52% and 88% higher energy compared to the same combination of nested samples, which contain four and three single rings, respectively. Additionally, the specific energy absorption value of this sample is 32% and 47% higher than the same nested samples mentioned above. Considering these results, it can be expressed that the NR5-A sample is the best design in terms of an ideal energy absorption structure.
{"title":"Experimental investigation on energy absorption capability of 3D printed onyx nested rings under lateral loading","authors":"Muhammet Muaz Yalçın","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256417","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a focused experimental exploration into the energy absorption characteristics and failure mechanisms of nested circular rings under lateral loading. The rings were 3D printed using the fuse deposition modeling method with an onyx material containing chopped carbon fiber. The dimensions of the rings were determined to be the same in width and thickness, while the diameter had four different values. The samples of nested rings consist of at least two and up to five individual rings. These samples were obtained by using individual rings in various different sequences and orders. Two different configurations for each nested sample type were also studied to observe the effect of the ring sequences and orders on the energy absorption capability. It is concluded from the results that even though the single ring with the smallest diameter has the highest force values, the highest energy absorption and specific energy absorption values were obtained in another single ring. The alignment of the single rings has a superior effect on the energy absorption capacity of the nested samples. Also, a gain in absorbed energy was observed in nested samples due to the interaction between the single rings. This interaction showed that the algebraic summation of the energy values of single rings used in a nested sample was lower than the energy value of the same nested sample. In the nested samples, the absorbed energy increased proportionally to the number of single rings. However, the crashworthiness parameters were affected quite differently from the energy absorption capacity. While the highest energy absorption values are obtained in nested samples with five single rings, other nested samples reached the highest values in terms of some of the crashworthiness parameters. The NR5-A sample absorbed 52% and 88% higher energy compared to the same combination of nested samples, which contain four and three single rings, respectively. Additionally, the specific energy absorption value of this sample is 32% and 47% higher than the same nested samples mentioned above. Considering these results, it can be expressed that the NR5-A sample is the best design in terms of an ideal energy absorption structure.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1177/07316844241256421
S. Sathiyamurthy, S. Saravanakumar, V. Vinoth
This study delves into the significant effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the tribological properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites, specifically focusing on the combination of paddy straw (PS) and pineapple leaf (PALF) in a polyester matrix. By leveraging Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict the Specific Wear Rate (SWR) and Coefficient of Friction (COF), the research employs a grid search approach for hyperparameter optimization. This optimization process results in an optimal ANN architecture with impressive accuracy, showcasing low mean absolute error and high R-squared values of 0.991 and 0.986 for SWR and COF predictions, respectively. Utilizing the Design of Experiments (DOE), the study systematically analyzes the intricate interplay of disc speed, wear duration, and NaOH treatment percentage, with a specific focus on SWR and COF as pivotal tribological metrics. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results underscore the substantial impact of duration and treatment percentage on wear characteristics. Additionally, quadratic regression models reveal nuanced correlations, highlighting the sensitivity of SWR to NaOH percentage and the influence of disc speed, duration, and treatment percentage on COF. This outcome emphasizes the efficacy of these parameters in achieving superior tribological performance in hybrid composites. Beyond contributing to a profound understanding of wear characteristics, this work introduces an innovative dimension through optimized ANN modeling, ensuring a more accurate and fine-tuned predictive model.
本研究深入探讨了氢氧化钠（NaOH）处理对混合纤维增强复合材料摩擦学性能的显著影响，特别关注聚酯基体中稻草（PS）和菠萝叶（PALF）的组合。通过利用人工神经网络（ANN）来预测特定磨损率（SWR）和摩擦系数（COF），该研究采用了网格搜索方法来进行超参数优化。这一优化过程产生了具有惊人准确性的最优 ANN 架构，在 SWR 和 COF 预测方面分别显示出较低的平均绝对误差和较高的 R 平方值（0.991 和 0.986）。利用实验设计 (DOE)，该研究系统分析了圆盘速度、磨损持续时间和 NaOH 处理百分比之间错综复杂的相互作用，并特别关注作为关键摩擦学指标的 SWR 和 COF。方差分析（ANOVA）结果表明，持续时间和处理百分比对磨损特性有重大影响。此外，二次回归模型显示了细微的相关性，突出了 SWR 对 NaOH 百分比的敏感性，以及圆盘速度、持续时间和处理百分比对 COF 的影响。这一结果强调了这些参数在实现混合复合材料优异摩擦学性能方面的功效。除了有助于深刻理解磨损特性外，这项工作还通过优化 ANN 建模引入了一个创新维度，确保了预测模型更加精确和微调。
{"title":"Enhancing tribological performance of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites through machine learning and response surface methodology","authors":"S. Sathiyamurthy, S. Saravanakumar, V. Vinoth","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256421","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the significant effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the tribological properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites, specifically focusing on the combination of paddy straw (PS) and pineapple leaf (PALF) in a polyester matrix. By leveraging Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict the Specific Wear Rate (SWR) and Coefficient of Friction (COF), the research employs a grid search approach for hyperparameter optimization. This optimization process results in an optimal ANN architecture with impressive accuracy, showcasing low mean absolute error and high R-squared values of 0.991 and 0.986 for SWR and COF predictions, respectively. Utilizing the Design of Experiments (DOE), the study systematically analyzes the intricate interplay of disc speed, wear duration, and NaOH treatment percentage, with a specific focus on SWR and COF as pivotal tribological metrics. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results underscore the substantial impact of duration and treatment percentage on wear characteristics. Additionally, quadratic regression models reveal nuanced correlations, highlighting the sensitivity of SWR to NaOH percentage and the influence of disc speed, duration, and treatment percentage on COF. This outcome emphasizes the efficacy of these parameters in achieving superior tribological performance in hybrid composites. Beyond contributing to a profound understanding of wear characteristics, this work introduces an innovative dimension through optimized ANN modeling, ensuring a more accurate and fine-tuned predictive model.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1177/07316844241253905
Tomas Ramos-Hernández, Jorge Ramón Robledo-Ortíz, Alan Salvador Martín del Campo, Denis Rodrigue, Alfredo Cano, Aida Alejandra Pérez-Fonseca
This paper focuses on evaluating the mechanical recycling potential of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with agave fibers (AF). The biocomposites were prepared by extrusion using 5, 15, and 30 wt.% of agave fibers and reprocessed up to eight times. The results show that the fiber dimensions substantially decrease during reprocessing, especially after the first extrusion cycle, followed by a more gradual decrease in each subsequent cycle. The melt flow index (MFI) and the mechanical properties (except impact strength) tend to decrease as the fiber concentration increases. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature ( T g) and the crystallinity ( X c) of the biocomposites increased with increasing fiber concentration. It is important to highlight that closed-loop reprocessing does not significantly affect the overall behavior of the biocomposites under the conditions investigated. Therefore, PLA reinforced with AF is suitable for primary recycling since the final properties are mainly influenced by the fiber concentration and less by the number of reprocessing cycles.
本文重点评估了用龙舌兰纤维（AF）增强的聚乳酸（PLA）生物复合材料的机械回收潜力。使用 5、15 和 30 wt.% 的龙舌兰纤维通过挤压法制备生物复合材料，并进行了多达八次的再加工。结果表明，在再加工过程中，尤其是在第一个挤压循环之后，纤维的尺寸会大幅减小，而在随后的每个循环中，纤维的尺寸会逐渐减小。随着纤维浓度的增加，熔体流动指数（MFI）和机械性能（冲击强度除外）也呈下降趋势。另一方面，生物复合材料的玻璃化温度（T g）和结晶度（X c）随着纤维浓度的增加而增加。需要强调的是，在所研究的条件下，闭环再加工不会对生物复合材料的整体行为产生显著影响。因此，用 AF 增强的聚乳酸适用于初级回收，因为最终性能主要受纤维浓度的影响，而受再加工循环次数的影响较小。
{"title":"Mechanical recycling of poly(lactic acid)/agave fiber biocomposites","authors":"Tomas Ramos-Hernández, Jorge Ramón Robledo-Ortíz, Alan Salvador Martín del Campo, Denis Rodrigue, Alfredo Cano, Aida Alejandra Pérez-Fonseca","doi":"10.1177/07316844241253905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241253905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on evaluating the mechanical recycling potential of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with agave fibers (AF). The biocomposites were prepared by extrusion using 5, 15, and 30 wt.% of agave fibers and reprocessed up to eight times. The results show that the fiber dimensions substantially decrease during reprocessing, especially after the first extrusion cycle, followed by a more gradual decrease in each subsequent cycle. The melt flow index (MFI) and the mechanical properties (except impact strength) tend to decrease as the fiber concentration increases. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature ( T<jats:sub> g</jats:sub>) and the crystallinity ( X<jats:sub> c</jats:sub>) of the biocomposites increased with increasing fiber concentration. It is important to highlight that closed-loop reprocessing does not significantly affect the overall behavior of the biocomposites under the conditions investigated. Therefore, PLA reinforced with AF is suitable for primary recycling since the final properties are mainly influenced by the fiber concentration and less by the number of reprocessing cycles.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1177/07316844241253912
Raja Thandavamoorthy, Yuvarajan Devarajan
This study investigates the complex properties of a novel biocomposite by a conventional process, which is composed of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) as the matrix, porcelain particles as fillers, and Napier grass fibre as reinforcement. The primary objective was to evaluate the mechanical, crystalline, water absorption, morphological, and antibacterial properties of the biocomposites in relation to the individual components and their synergistic impacts. When 25 g porcelain particles were added to PLA with Napier grass fibre, mechanical tests demonstrated a 25% increase in tensile strength (maximum tensile strength of 39.76 MPa) and a 30% increase in flexural strength (maximum flexural strength of 41.29 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a strong interfacial bond between the fibre and matrix, with porcelain particles serving as bridges to facilitate stress transmission. The biocomposite exhibited reduced water absorption due to the inherent hydrophobic nature of porcelain, which enhances its resistance to bacterial growth. The study demonstrates that combining Napier grass fibre with porcelain filler particles synergistically enhances the properties of PLA, creating a viable biocomposite material suitable for use in packaging, automotive, and sustainable building industries.
{"title":"Study on the characteristics of Napier grass fibre reinforced porcelain filler particulates poly lactic acid matrix biocomposite","authors":"Raja Thandavamoorthy, Yuvarajan Devarajan","doi":"10.1177/07316844241253912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241253912","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the complex properties of a novel biocomposite by a conventional process, which is composed of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) as the matrix, porcelain particles as fillers, and Napier grass fibre as reinforcement. The primary objective was to evaluate the mechanical, crystalline, water absorption, morphological, and antibacterial properties of the biocomposites in relation to the individual components and their synergistic impacts. When 25 g porcelain particles were added to PLA with Napier grass fibre, mechanical tests demonstrated a 25% increase in tensile strength (maximum tensile strength of 39.76 MPa) and a 30% increase in flexural strength (maximum flexural strength of 41.29 MPa). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a strong interfacial bond between the fibre and matrix, with porcelain particles serving as bridges to facilitate stress transmission. The biocomposite exhibited reduced water absorption due to the inherent hydrophobic nature of porcelain, which enhances its resistance to bacterial growth. The study demonstrates that combining Napier grass fibre with porcelain filler particles synergistically enhances the properties of PLA, creating a viable biocomposite material suitable for use in packaging, automotive, and sustainable building industries.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1177/07316844241250182
Syed Hameed Hussain, Aqeel Ahsan Khurram, Adnan Munir, Muhammad Salman Khan, Aamir Mubashar
The effect of nano particle inclusion and the stacking sequence/metal volume fraction on the tensile strength and energy absorption properties of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) is investigated. The FML structure is composed of lightweight thin sheets of aerospace grade aluminum alloy 7075 and unidirectional glass fiber composite sheets with Araldite LY5052 thermoset epoxy system as the matrix. The volume fraction of aluminum sheets in the FML structure was varied by increasing the number of aluminum sheets from 2 to maximum 4. In the second batch, the epoxy matrix is reinforced with of multi-walled carbon nano tubes and nano diamond particles together, each with 0.15 wt%. The purpose is to enhance the properties of the epoxy matrix to facilitate higher inter-laminate adhesion (FRP and aluminum). The results of the tensile testing show that with the increase of the metal volume fraction, the tensile strength as well energy absorbing capability (toughness) both are increased. The inclusion of the nano-reinforcements has increased the tensile strength and the toughness of the FML structure as compared to that of the FMLs without nano particles. The strength-to-weight ratio of FML structures is also increased after the inclusion of nano reinforced as desired for aerospace applications.
{"title":"Role of stacking sequence, metal sheets, and nano particle on strength and toughness of FMLs","authors":"Syed Hameed Hussain, Aqeel Ahsan Khurram, Adnan Munir, Muhammad Salman Khan, Aamir Mubashar","doi":"10.1177/07316844241250182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241250182","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of nano particle inclusion and the stacking sequence/metal volume fraction on the tensile strength and energy absorption properties of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) is investigated. The FML structure is composed of lightweight thin sheets of aerospace grade aluminum alloy 7075 and unidirectional glass fiber composite sheets with Araldite LY5052 thermoset epoxy system as the matrix. The volume fraction of aluminum sheets in the FML structure was varied by increasing the number of aluminum sheets from 2 to maximum 4. In the second batch, the epoxy matrix is reinforced with of multi-walled carbon nano tubes and nano diamond particles together, each with 0.15 wt%. The purpose is to enhance the properties of the epoxy matrix to facilitate higher inter-laminate adhesion (FRP and aluminum). The results of the tensile testing show that with the increase of the metal volume fraction, the tensile strength as well energy absorbing capability (toughness) both are increased. The inclusion of the nano-reinforcements has increased the tensile strength and the toughness of the FML structure as compared to that of the FMLs without nano particles. The strength-to-weight ratio of FML structures is also increased after the inclusion of nano reinforced as desired for aerospace applications.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1177/07316844241252324
Mücahit Kocaman, Onur Güler, Hamdullah Çuvalcı, Serhatcan Berk Akçay
Novolac matrix composites are crucial due to their exceptional resistance to heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress. These advanced materials find applications in aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries, providing high-performance solutions for components requiring superior durability and reliability. In this context, the microstructure, thermal, phase, and mechanical properties of the composites obtained as a result of the recycling-oriented reinforcement of the waste candle-soot (CS) reinforcement at the rate of 1 wt% to the pure novolac (PN) and shaping with the hot press method were examined in detail at first time in the literature. While microstructural properties and fracture mechanisms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained provided critical findings as the composite hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength values were 3.28, 2.47, and 3.21 times higher than PN, respectively. CS-reinforced novolac composites made a significant contribution to the literature by introducing a novel and eco-friendly approach to enhance material properties. Their use as a filler material provided insights into sustainable novolac composites, offering potential applications in various industries, such as electronics and aerospace, with improved mechanical and thermal properties.
{"title":"Fabrication of mechanical durable novolac matrix composites with recycled and cost-effective candle-soot nano particles","authors":"Mücahit Kocaman, Onur Güler, Hamdullah Çuvalcı, Serhatcan Berk Akçay","doi":"10.1177/07316844241252324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241252324","url":null,"abstract":"Novolac matrix composites are crucial due to their exceptional resistance to heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress. These advanced materials find applications in aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries, providing high-performance solutions for components requiring superior durability and reliability. In this context, the microstructure, thermal, phase, and mechanical properties of the composites obtained as a result of the recycling-oriented reinforcement of the waste candle-soot (CS) reinforcement at the rate of 1 wt% to the pure novolac (PN) and shaping with the hot press method were examined in detail at first time in the literature. While microstructural properties and fracture mechanisms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained provided critical findings as the composite hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength values were 3.28, 2.47, and 3.21 times higher than PN, respectively. CS-reinforced novolac composites made a significant contribution to the literature by introducing a novel and eco-friendly approach to enhance material properties. Their use as a filler material provided insights into sustainable novolac composites, offering potential applications in various industries, such as electronics and aerospace, with improved mechanical and thermal properties.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer self-lubricating composites are key in reducing energy consumption from friction, boasting self-lubrication, remarkable wear, and corrosion resistance. This study delves into the unexpected synergy between micro-aramid and nano-Al2O3 in enhancing PTFE’s wear resistance. The results exhibit that the optimal hybrid of 15 vol.% micro-aramid and 1 vol.% nano-Al2O3 particles enhanced the PTFE composites has carried out the best tribological properties, showing synergistic anti-friction and anti-wear effects and obtaining the very low wear rate of 8.73 × 10−7 mm3/Nm, which is decreased by 53% and 98.7% in comparison with separate enhancement of the PTFE composites with 15 vol.% micro-aramid and 1 vol.% nano-Al2O3, respectively. In-depth characterization and analysis of the friction interface are confirmed that PTFE generating carboxylic acid groups during the friction process chelated with the dual steel surface, micro-aramid producing the interaction of the strong polarity with the dual steel, and mechanical stress and high flash temperature promoting friction sintering of nano-Al2O3 to enhance bearing capacity are cooperatively endowed a robustness protective tribofilm with easy shearing and high bearing properties, which effectively enhances the tribological properties of PTFE composites, providing a reference for the research and design of new nano composites with ultra-low wear and self-lubricating properties.
{"title":"Hybrid of micro-aramid and nano-alumina prominently enhanced the wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene composites","authors":"Ying Tian, Ruojia Li, Zhuang Wang, Shaomei Zheng, Qinlgun Che, Jianjun Zhang","doi":"10.1177/07316844241253467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241253467","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer self-lubricating composites are key in reducing energy consumption from friction, boasting self-lubrication, remarkable wear, and corrosion resistance. This study delves into the unexpected synergy between micro-aramid and nano-Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> in enhancing PTFE’s wear resistance. The results exhibit that the optimal hybrid of 15 vol.% micro-aramid and 1 vol.% nano-Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particles enhanced the PTFE composites has carried out the best tribological properties, showing synergistic anti-friction and anti-wear effects and obtaining the very low wear rate of 8.73 × 10<jats:sup>−7</jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/Nm, which is decreased by 53% and 98.7% in comparison with separate enhancement of the PTFE composites with 15 vol.% micro-aramid and 1 vol.% nano-Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, respectively. In-depth characterization and analysis of the friction interface are confirmed that PTFE generating carboxylic acid groups during the friction process chelated with the dual steel surface, micro-aramid producing the interaction of the strong polarity with the dual steel, and mechanical stress and high flash temperature promoting friction sintering of nano-Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> to enhance bearing capacity are cooperatively endowed a robustness protective tribofilm with easy shearing and high bearing properties, which effectively enhances the tribological properties of PTFE composites, providing a reference for the research and design of new nano composites with ultra-low wear and self-lubricating properties.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1177/07316844241253164
Rashedul Islam, Donald W Radford, Patrick Rodriguez, Thomas W Murphey
Deployable space structures made from thin-ply high-strain composite (HSC) laminates can be compactly stowed, but prolonged stowage under high curvature can alter their deployed shape due to relaxation. In this research, a dynamic mechanical analyzer-based column bending test (CBT) method, with a custom-developed fixture was used to characterize the relaxation behavior of thin-ply HSCs. Four laminate configurations were prepared from thin-ply unidirectional IM7/PMT-F7 and Astroquartz/PMT-F7 prepregs: (i) IM7/PMT-F7 [0°], (ii) Astroquartz/PMT-F7 [±45°], (iii) Flexlam [±45°/0°/±45°] and (iv) Flexlam [±45°/90°/±45°]. Surface strains of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% were sequentially applied to the specimen for 100-min durations, each separated by a 1000-min recovery period. This stepped strain approach was performed at 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. The relaxation results indicate that the fiber-dominated test configuration, UD IM7/PMT-F7 [0°] lamina, shows no measurable relaxation. However, the matrix-dominated configurations, Astroquartz/PMT-F7 [±45°] lamina and the Flexlam laminates, show measurable relaxation. The Flexlam laminates show less relaxation than the Astroquartz/PMT-F7 [±45°] lamina due to the inclusion of unidirectional IM7 carbon fiber. The result also indicates that the relaxation behavior is time and strain-dependent, not temperature-dependent.
{"title":"Relaxation behavior of thin-ply high strain composites using a dynamic mechanical analyzer based column bending test","authors":"Rashedul Islam, Donald W Radford, Patrick Rodriguez, Thomas W Murphey","doi":"10.1177/07316844241253164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241253164","url":null,"abstract":"Deployable space structures made from thin-ply high-strain composite (HSC) laminates can be compactly stowed, but prolonged stowage under high curvature can alter their deployed shape due to relaxation. In this research, a dynamic mechanical analyzer-based column bending test (CBT) method, with a custom-developed fixture was used to characterize the relaxation behavior of thin-ply HSCs. Four laminate configurations were prepared from thin-ply unidirectional IM7/PMT-F7 and Astroquartz/PMT-F7 prepregs: (i) IM7/PMT-F7 [0°], (ii) Astroquartz/PMT-F7 [±45°], (iii) Flexlam [±45°/0°/±45°] and (iv) Flexlam [±45°/90°/±45°]. Surface strains of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% were sequentially applied to the specimen for 100-min durations, each separated by a 1000-min recovery period. This stepped strain approach was performed at 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. The relaxation results indicate that the fiber-dominated test configuration, UD IM7/PMT-F7 [0°] lamina, shows no measurable relaxation. However, the matrix-dominated configurations, Astroquartz/PMT-F7 [±45°] lamina and the Flexlam laminates, show measurable relaxation. The Flexlam laminates show less relaxation than the Astroquartz/PMT-F7 [±45°] lamina due to the inclusion of unidirectional IM7 carbon fiber. The result also indicates that the relaxation behavior is time and strain-dependent, not temperature-dependent.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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