Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112953
Z. Zhu, A. Shuraiji, Q. Lu
Permanent magnet (PM) linear machines have been extensively used for many linear motion applications since they can offer high efficiency, simple structure and high speed operation. In this paper, two novel PM tubular machines, i.e. partitioned stator interior permanent magnet (PS-IPM) and partitioned stator surface mounted permanent magnet (PS-SPM) tubular machines are proposed and optimised for maximum thrust force. Furthermore, the effect of main design parameters on the electromagnetic performances of two machines has been investigated. The influence of the magnet width to pole pitch ratio on the undesirable cogging force is also examined. It is found that the thrust force capability of the PS-IPM tubular machine is higher than that of the PS-SPM tubular machine, but the latter exhibits low cogging force. Both proposed machines show good thrust force capability, and in addition to this, the magnet demagnetisation risk is reduced since the magnets and the windings of the machines are separated from each other.
{"title":"Comparative study of tubular partitioned stator permanent magnet machines","authors":"Z. Zhu, A. Shuraiji, Q. Lu","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112953","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent magnet (PM) linear machines have been extensively used for many linear motion applications since they can offer high efficiency, simple structure and high speed operation. In this paper, two novel PM tubular machines, i.e. partitioned stator interior permanent magnet (PS-IPM) and partitioned stator surface mounted permanent magnet (PS-SPM) tubular machines are proposed and optimised for maximum thrust force. Furthermore, the effect of main design parameters on the electromagnetic performances of two machines has been investigated. The influence of the magnet width to pole pitch ratio on the undesirable cogging force is also examined. It is found that the thrust force capability of the PS-IPM tubular machine is higher than that of the PS-SPM tubular machine, but the latter exhibits low cogging force. Both proposed machines show good thrust force capability, and in addition to this, the magnet demagnetisation risk is reduced since the magnets and the windings of the machines are separated from each other.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121903262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112988
A. Hijazi, E. Bideaux, P. Venet, G. Clerc
This paper is devoted to the study of electro-thermal sizing of supercapacitors stack. The application concern the alimentation of trolleybus in case of electrical microcuts that frequently occurs during circulation of the trolleybus. The goal is to size the number of supercapacitor to be implemented knowing the speed and acceleration profile of the trolleybus and to discuss about the thermal performance of the obtained stack. Based on bond graph approach, direct and inverse model of the kinematic chain of trolleybus is developed in order to deduce the consumption of an electrical bus and the braking energy in relation with the speed profile. Validation of direct model has been carried out with experimental results. Then, based on the Ragone plot of supercapacitors, we study the number of supercapacitors needed to recover braking energy and to supply the bus in the case of electrical microcuts. Finally, A bond graph thermal model of the stack is developed and the efficiency of this model is validated based on experimental results on a test bench.
{"title":"Electro-thermal sizing of supercapacitor stack for an electrical bus: Bond graph approach","authors":"A. Hijazi, E. Bideaux, P. Venet, G. Clerc","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112988","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to the study of electro-thermal sizing of supercapacitors stack. The application concern the alimentation of trolleybus in case of electrical microcuts that frequently occurs during circulation of the trolleybus. The goal is to size the number of supercapacitor to be implemented knowing the speed and acceleration profile of the trolleybus and to discuss about the thermal performance of the obtained stack. Based on bond graph approach, direct and inverse model of the kinematic chain of trolleybus is developed in order to deduce the consumption of an electrical bus and the braking energy in relation with the speed profile. Validation of direct model has been carried out with experimental results. Then, based on the Ragone plot of supercapacitors, we study the number of supercapacitors needed to recover braking energy and to supply the bus in the case of electrical microcuts. Finally, A bond graph thermal model of the stack is developed and the efficiency of this model is validated based on experimental results on a test bench.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122827414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112937
F. Luise, A. Tessarolo, S. Pieri, M. De Martin
Direct-drive generators to be used in off-shore wind farms are very large low-speed electric machines which pose remarkable design and manufacturing challenges. Demand forecasts for this kind of machines are urging manufacturers to work out design and technological solutions that can facilitate series production at competitive costs. This paper presents the development of an interior-permanent magnet generator design and technology aimed at reducing series manufacturing costs while preserving high performance levels. The proposed solutions are validated through the construction and testing of a 780 kVA generator prototype conceived for easy scalability to higher power ratings (up to around 2.5 MVA) by core length increase.
{"title":"Design for manufacturability of an off-shore direct-drive wind generator","authors":"F. Luise, A. Tessarolo, S. Pieri, M. De Martin","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112937","url":null,"abstract":"Direct-drive generators to be used in off-shore wind farms are very large low-speed electric machines which pose remarkable design and manufacturing challenges. Demand forecasts for this kind of machines are urging manufacturers to work out design and technological solutions that can facilitate series production at competitive costs. This paper presents the development of an interior-permanent magnet generator design and technology aimed at reducing series manufacturing costs while preserving high performance levels. The proposed solutions are validated through the construction and testing of a 780 kVA generator prototype conceived for easy scalability to higher power ratings (up to around 2.5 MVA) by core length increase.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126053385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112928
S. Haddad, Khaled Touafek, A. Khelifa
The conversion of the sun photo-energy into electricity by means of PV cells is commonly achieved under high temperatures. Nevertheless, it has been established that the efficiency of the PV cells is penalized by heat. In order to eradicate this drawback and to enhance the energy efficiency, the PV conversion could be allied to a thermal (T) one, leading to PV/T hybrid systems. The paper is aimed at an experimental investigation of the electrical and thermal performance of a hybrid PV/T concept which is based on a PV panel associated to a heat exchanger. Thanks to a forced circulation of water, the main roles of the exchanger are (i) the reduction of the temperature of the PV panel and (ii) the water heating for domestic use. The experimental study includes a comparison between the performance of the proposed PV/T hybrid system and those of separate PV and water heater panels.
{"title":"Investigation of the electrical and thermal performance of a PV/T hybrid system","authors":"S. Haddad, Khaled Touafek, A. Khelifa","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112928","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion of the sun photo-energy into electricity by means of PV cells is commonly achieved under high temperatures. Nevertheless, it has been established that the efficiency of the PV cells is penalized by heat. In order to eradicate this drawback and to enhance the energy efficiency, the PV conversion could be allied to a thermal (T) one, leading to PV/T hybrid systems. The paper is aimed at an experimental investigation of the electrical and thermal performance of a hybrid PV/T concept which is based on a PV panel associated to a heat exchanger. Thanks to a forced circulation of water, the main roles of the exchanger are (i) the reduction of the temperature of the PV panel and (ii) the water heating for domestic use. The experimental study includes a comparison between the performance of the proposed PV/T hybrid system and those of separate PV and water heater panels.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112986
A. Lievre, S. Pélissier, A. Sari, P. Venet, A. Hijazi
Li-ion batteries are continually developed for a wide range of use. New variants appear on the market, including Li-ion technologies that allow supplying very high electrical power. By consequence, the battery can be used as an energy buffer in vehicles. The autonomy is limited and it is necessary to determine the State of Charge of each element that makes up a battery, although these elements (Li-ion cells) are never fully discharged or charged. In this unusual context, a solution may be to use a Kalman filter at the cost of significant computing power. More computation-wise economical observers can beings used, in particular Luenberger observers. The results obtained for this type of specific use, give similar final results, with a significant gain on the computing power required.
{"title":"Luenberger observer for SoC determination of lithium-ion cells in mild hybrid vehicles, compared to a Kalman filter","authors":"A. Lievre, S. Pélissier, A. Sari, P. Venet, A. Hijazi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112986","url":null,"abstract":"Li-ion batteries are continually developed for a wide range of use. New variants appear on the market, including Li-ion technologies that allow supplying very high electrical power. By consequence, the battery can be used as an energy buffer in vehicles. The autonomy is limited and it is necessary to determine the State of Charge of each element that makes up a battery, although these elements (Li-ion cells) are never fully discharged or charged. In this unusual context, a solution may be to use a Kalman filter at the cost of significant computing power. More computation-wise economical observers can beings used, in particular Luenberger observers. The results obtained for this type of specific use, give similar final results, with a significant gain on the computing power required.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126861337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112946
W. Peng, K. Niyomsatian, J. van den Keybus, A. Pop, J. Gyselinck
This paper deals with the losses of Switched Reluctance Machine Drives (SRDs) for electric vehicle propulsion, consisting of the losses in the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) and the converter, across some operating regions based on different control strategies, namely Firing Angle (FA) control and Torque Sharing Function (TSF) control. The SRM model which takes into account copper losses and converter losses is obtained through MATLAB/Simulink. The losses and efficiencies in the machine, the converter and the SRD as function of speed and average torque are compared for a 30 kW peak 8/6 SRD.
{"title":"Switched Reluctance Machine Drives for electrical vehicle propulsion - optimal control with regard to the losses in machine and converter","authors":"W. Peng, K. Niyomsatian, J. van den Keybus, A. Pop, J. Gyselinck","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the losses of Switched Reluctance Machine Drives (SRDs) for electric vehicle propulsion, consisting of the losses in the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) and the converter, across some operating regions based on different control strategies, namely Firing Angle (FA) control and Torque Sharing Function (TSF) control. The SRM model which takes into account copper losses and converter losses is obtained through MATLAB/Simulink. The losses and efficiencies in the machine, the converter and the SRD as function of speed and average torque are compared for a 30 kW peak 8/6 SRD.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114263885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112929
Makanga Koumba Paul, B. Hamane, M. Doumbia, A. Chériti
This paper studies the modelling and control of a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The amount of energy obtained from a WECS depends not only on the characteristics of the wind operating conditions at the site, but it also depends on the control strategy used for the WECS. In this work, pitch control is used to analyse dynamic mode of WECS. In order to validate the proposed control strategy, the system's main components are modelled and simulations have been performed in Matlab/Simulink/ SimPowerSystems software to confirm the results.
{"title":"Pitch control of a Wind Energy Conversion System based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)","authors":"Makanga Koumba Paul, B. Hamane, M. Doumbia, A. Chériti","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112929","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the modelling and control of a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The amount of energy obtained from a WECS depends not only on the characteristics of the wind operating conditions at the site, but it also depends on the control strategy used for the WECS. In this work, pitch control is used to analyse dynamic mode of WECS. In order to validate the proposed control strategy, the system's main components are modelled and simulations have been performed in Matlab/Simulink/ SimPowerSystems software to confirm the results.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112932
E. Zulkas, E. Artemčiukas, D. Dzemydienė, E. Guseinoviene
Human surrounding environment parameters are gathered regularly from electrical signals which are converted to digital signal using ADC converters and performing necessary data transformations. The gathered environment data can be estimated as a time series to apply standard statistical models. In this study, there are analyzed statistical models that help understand data and find consistent patterns-trends to make predictions depending on all previous data. Energy consumption data processing prediction methods were analyzed and presented. Dependency on time series analysis' results when using task management with prediction parameters is the special feature of designed measurement system. Transition from one state to another includes not only estimates of the previous and current states, but also a prediction state.
{"title":"Energy consumption prediction methods for embedded systems","authors":"E. Zulkas, E. Artemčiukas, D. Dzemydienė, E. Guseinoviene","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112932","url":null,"abstract":"Human surrounding environment parameters are gathered regularly from electrical signals which are converted to digital signal using ADC converters and performing necessary data transformations. The gathered environment data can be estimated as a time series to apply standard statistical models. In this study, there are analyzed statistical models that help understand data and find consistent patterns-trends to make predictions depending on all previous data. Energy consumption data processing prediction methods were analyzed and presented. Dependency on time series analysis' results when using task management with prediction parameters is the special feature of designed measurement system. Transition from one state to another includes not only estimates of the previous and current states, but also a prediction state.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7112923
A. Walker, M. Galea, C. Gerada, A. Mebarki, D. Gerada
This paper details a qualitative comparison between different types of electrical machine for hybrid electric vehicle traction applications. Targets set by the US Department of Energy for the year 2020 are used as goals. Several types of machine for this application will be discussed, focusing on the benefits and challenges of each machine when applied to these targets. Then the machines are compared based on appropriate quality indices relative to general performance characteristics. It is shown that the interior permanent magnet machine is the most suited topology for traction applications with these challenging targets. Two machine designs for these targets are briefly compared at the end of the paper.
{"title":"A topology selection consideration of electrical machines for traction applications: towards the FreedomCar 2020 targets","authors":"A. Walker, M. Galea, C. Gerada, A. Mebarki, D. Gerada","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7112923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112923","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details a qualitative comparison between different types of electrical machine for hybrid electric vehicle traction applications. Targets set by the US Department of Energy for the year 2020 are used as goals. Several types of machine for this application will be discussed, focusing on the benefits and challenges of each machine when applied to these targets. Then the machines are compared based on appropriate quality indices relative to general performance characteristics. It is shown that the interior permanent magnet machine is the most suited topology for traction applications with these challenging targets. Two machine designs for these targets are briefly compared at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130483741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2015.7113021
A. Laczko, M. V. Zaharia, M. Radulescu, S. Brisset
This paper deals with a brushless DC (BLDC) generator-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) for distributed electric power generation. Three-phase PWM rectifier and maximum-power-point-tracking algorithm are used for controlling the BLDC generator speed to achieve optimum energy output from the wind turbine. A PWM voltage-source inverter is connected to the DC bus for voltage and frequency regulation of AC supply to consumer loads. The BLDC generator-based WECS is modeled by sub-systems, and its dynamic behavior is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for different wind-speed conditions and consumer loads.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of a brushless DC permanent-magnet generator-based wind energy conversion system","authors":"A. Laczko, M. V. Zaharia, M. Radulescu, S. Brisset","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2015.7113021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7113021","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a brushless DC (BLDC) generator-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) for distributed electric power generation. Three-phase PWM rectifier and maximum-power-point-tracking algorithm are used for controlling the BLDC generator speed to achieve optimum energy output from the wind turbine. A PWM voltage-source inverter is connected to the DC bus for voltage and frequency regulation of AC supply to consumer loads. The BLDC generator-based WECS is modeled by sub-systems, and its dynamic behavior is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for different wind-speed conditions and consumer loads.","PeriodicalId":169529,"journal":{"name":"2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125164711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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