Globalization is increasing the integration of national markets and the interdependence of countries worldwide. This essay argues for and against trade liberalisation and globalisation from an African country perspective. The essay is divided into four sections. The first section attempts to provide a brief history of trade liberalisation and globalisation. The second section discusses three merits while the third section discusses two demerits of trade liberalisation on African countries. In the fourth section, the essay proposes two measures that will enhance the position of African countries on trade liberalisation and globalisation and provides a viable conclusion.
{"title":"Trade Liberalisation and Globalisation From an African Country Perspective","authors":"G. Asante","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3503671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3503671","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization is increasing the integration of national markets and the interdependence of countries worldwide. This essay argues for and against trade liberalisation and globalisation from an African country perspective. The essay is divided into four sections. The first section attempts to provide a brief history of trade liberalisation and globalisation. The second section discusses three merits while the third section discusses two demerits of trade liberalisation on African countries. In the fourth section, the essay proposes two measures that will enhance the position of African countries on trade liberalisation and globalisation and provides a viable conclusion.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131947431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On Feb. 19, 2020, the IMF declared that Argentina’s debts were no longer sustainable and called upon bondholders to help resolve the crisis. A schedule for the restructuring of Argentina’s external debt has been announced by the Argentina Ministry of Finance on Jan. 29, 2020. According to the Ministry, Argentina plans to launch a debt restructuring offer in the second week of March and execute the offer by the end of March. This short essay provides an overview of the intricate challenges that Argentina would be facing in a potential restructuring of its sovereign debt obligations, with a focus on the legal aspects. After mapping the respective debt instruments, which include domestic debt, international sovereign bonds, as well as loans from international financial institutions, I turn to the key legal obstacles when it comes to the (unilateral) restructuring. The paper posits that the most significant legal risks are likely to occur with respect to international bonds and disruptive legal actions taken by their holders. Uncooperative creditors may engage in holdout tactics with the goal of obtaining a better settlement than their peers by refusing to settle and ultimately launching litigation proceedings in foreign courts. The latest type of Argentine bonds ("Macri bonds") include modern, fully-aggregated, single-limb Collective Action Clauses (CACs), which are powerful in ameliorating such holdout inefficiencies. However, several older bonds ("Kirchner bonds") feature an outdated model of CACs, and generally afford stronger enforcement rights to bondholders. Unsurprisingly, creditor holding Kirchner bonds have already formed committees to leverage their negotiation position. Another related difficulty that this paper reviews arises from the requirement in Argentina's newer ("Macri") bonds that a restructuring offer must be "uniformly applicable" for all affected series of bonds. Given the two different sets of bond contracts involved, this requirement may lead to complex transactional and design questions. Finally, with respect to the interpretation of the pari passu clause included in Argentina's bond prospectuses, the essay argues that a recent decision by the Southern District Court of New York significantly reduced the risks of specialized holdouts attacking a majority-approved debt workout. To be sure, modern sovereign bond restructurings rest on the basic premise of bondholder democracy. In other words, as long as a sufficient majority of creditors accepts a restructuring offer, most legal obstacles can be overcome. However, the entrance of specialized distressed-debt managers the market suggests that some investors will gamble for a better deal, or try to leverage their contractual rights against the country in a classic holdout manner. While Argentina certainly finds itself in a legally superior position compared to its last debt crisis, the country will soon have to sail into choppy legal seas where all sorts of hazards lurk
{"title":"Restructuring Argentina’s Sovereign Debts – Navigating the Legal Labyrinth","authors":"S. Grund","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3485370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3485370","url":null,"abstract":"On Feb. 19, 2020, the IMF declared that Argentina’s debts were no longer sustainable and called upon bondholders to help resolve the crisis. A schedule for the restructuring of Argentina’s external debt has been announced by the Argentina Ministry of Finance on Jan. 29, 2020. According to the Ministry, Argentina plans to launch a debt restructuring offer in the second week of March and execute the offer by the end of March. \u0000 \u0000This short essay provides an overview of the intricate challenges that Argentina would be facing in a potential restructuring of its sovereign debt obligations, with a focus on the legal aspects. After mapping the respective debt instruments, which include domestic debt, international sovereign bonds, as well as loans from international financial institutions, I turn to the key legal obstacles when it comes to the (unilateral) restructuring. \u0000 \u0000The paper posits that the most significant legal risks are likely to occur with respect to international bonds and disruptive legal actions taken by their holders. Uncooperative creditors may engage in holdout tactics with the goal of obtaining a better settlement than their peers by refusing to settle and ultimately launching litigation proceedings in foreign courts. The latest type of Argentine bonds (\"Macri bonds\") include modern, fully-aggregated, single-limb Collective Action Clauses (CACs), which are powerful in ameliorating such holdout inefficiencies. However, several older bonds (\"Kirchner bonds\") feature an outdated model of CACs, and generally afford stronger enforcement rights to bondholders. Unsurprisingly, creditor holding Kirchner bonds have already formed committees to leverage their negotiation position. Another related difficulty that this paper reviews arises from the requirement in Argentina's newer (\"Macri\") bonds that a restructuring offer must be \"uniformly applicable\" for all affected series of bonds. Given the two different sets of bond contracts involved, this requirement may lead to complex transactional and design questions. Finally, with respect to the interpretation of the pari passu clause included in Argentina's bond prospectuses, the essay argues that a recent decision by the Southern District Court of New York significantly reduced the risks of specialized holdouts attacking a majority-approved debt workout. \u0000 \u0000To be sure, modern sovereign bond restructurings rest on the basic premise of bondholder democracy. In other words, as long as a sufficient majority of creditors accepts a restructuring offer, most legal obstacles can be overcome. However, the entrance of specialized distressed-debt managers the market suggests that some investors will gamble for a better deal, or try to leverage their contractual rights against the country in a classic holdout manner. While Argentina certainly finds itself in a legally superior position compared to its last debt crisis, the country will soon have to sail into choppy legal seas where all sorts of hazards lurk ","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114783546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Government of Kayeli village is an integral part of the District government Buru where the administrative elements make the Kayeli village government have to run the administrative tasks strictly in their activities, in fact A involvement in traditional institutions that eventually affect the orientation and implementation of development. The three elements of village institutions namely village Governments, village consultative bodies and indigenous institutions are able to collaborate from planning to monitoring the development of the Kayeli village community. This research is a qualitative study aimed at describing the partnerships that awakened between institutions in the village of Kayeli. The research site is focused on Kayeli village. The number of informant interviews of 30 people consisting of village apparatus, public figures, indigenous people and local communities is taken purposive. The analytical techniques used to follow the concepts given by Miles and Huberman include data reduction, data presentation and withdrawal of conclusions. The results showed that the relationship that awakened from these three institutions was able to create harmonization of village development that materialized through the planning, implementation and supervision conducted jointly with Communication and active role in village development.
{"title":"Partnership of the Village Head, Village Consultative Body and Customary Institutions","authors":"Muhamad Chairul Basrun Umanailo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3461855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3461855","url":null,"abstract":"The Government of Kayeli village is an integral part of the District government Buru where the administrative elements make the Kayeli village government have to run the administrative tasks strictly in their activities, in fact A involvement in traditional institutions that eventually affect the orientation and implementation of development. The three elements of village institutions namely village Governments, village consultative bodies and indigenous institutions are able to collaborate from planning to monitoring the development of the Kayeli village community. This research is a qualitative study aimed at describing the partnerships that awakened between institutions in the village of Kayeli. The research site is focused on Kayeli village. The number of informant interviews of 30 people consisting of village apparatus, public figures, indigenous people and local communities is taken purposive. The analytical techniques used to follow the concepts given by Miles and Huberman include data reduction, data presentation and withdrawal of conclusions. The results showed that the relationship that awakened from these three institutions was able to create harmonization of village development that materialized through the planning, implementation and supervision conducted jointly with Communication and active role in village development.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127882797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to preliminary data released by Rosstat, in 2018 life expectancy for Russian population increased by 0.2 year and came to 72.84 years. One of the acute demographic problems in Russia is high differentiation of life expectancy by gender which is due to low life expectancy for males. In 2018, the difference between male and female life expectancy constituted 10.21 years, which is one of the highest indicators among European countries.
{"title":"Life expectancy: Gender Differentiation","authors":"R. Khasanova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3387993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3387993","url":null,"abstract":"According to preliminary data released by Rosstat, in 2018 life expectancy for Russian population increased by 0.2 year and came to 72.84 years. One of the acute demographic problems in Russia is high differentiation of life expectancy by gender which is due to low life expectancy for males. In 2018, the difference between male and female life expectancy constituted 10.21 years, which is one of the highest indicators among European countries.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117297617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El presente artículo es una apropiación de la propuesta de aproximación al cine del filósofo norteamericano Fredric Jameson para interpelar las nuevas formas de representación que aparecen en las películas recientes que están relacionadas con la ciudad de Medellín. El ejercicio teórico se realiza a partir de la obra de los noventa de Víctor Gaviria y de sus continuidades y rupturas con tres películas recientes de la ciudad: Mambo Cool, Los Nadie y Matar a Jesús, señalando tránsitos en las políticas locales de la imagen, su valoración moral y su sentido como proyecto urbano de Medellín. La representación cinematográfica aporta a la comprensión de un contexto social específico, develándose como un registro sintomático de sus contradicciones inherentes. Más que un estudio que agote el ejercicio de análisis, se trata de un ensayo propiamente dicho, donde se sugiere una aproximación no conclusiva, abierta y en constante proceso de constitución.
{"title":"La construcción cinemática de la ciudad: una aproximación a la actualidad de la Medellín representada (The Cinematic Construction of the City: An Approach to Contemporary Representations of Medellín)","authors":"Simón Puerta-Domínguez","doi":"10.22430/21457778.1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22430/21457778.1285","url":null,"abstract":"El presente artículo es una apropiación de la propuesta de aproximación al cine del filósofo norteamericano Fredric Jameson para interpelar las nuevas formas de representación que aparecen en las películas recientes que están relacionadas con la ciudad de Medellín. El ejercicio teórico se realiza a partir de la obra de los noventa de Víctor Gaviria y de sus continuidades y rupturas con tres películas recientes de la ciudad: Mambo Cool, Los Nadie y Matar a Jesús, señalando tránsitos en las políticas locales de la imagen, su valoración moral y su sentido como proyecto urbano de Medellín. La representación cinematográfica aporta a la comprensión de un contexto social específico, develándose como un registro sintomático de sus contradicciones inherentes. Más que un estudio que agote el ejercicio de análisis, se trata de un ensayo propiamente dicho, donde se sugiere una aproximación no conclusiva, abierta y en constante proceso de constitución.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132182336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-18DOI: 10.15678/EBER.2019.070108
Cornelia Pop, M. Georgescu
Objective: The aim of this article is to investigate if Romanian rural localities hosting or situated within a natural WHS (World Heritage Site) have benefited from their situation and developed the local rural tourism.
Research Design & Methods: Since the topic of this article had not been previously investigated for Romania, the research was constructed as a case study, exploring the available secondary data on tourism supply and demand. Within the case study, a combination of empirical methods was used in order to investigate two ratios (the survival rate and continuity ratio) constructed to study the sustainability of the offer of local tourism.
Findings: Romanian rural localities hosting or being part of a WHS do not exploit properly their tourist potential. However, these localities are in a better position than common rural localities from the viewpoint of a sustainable tourism offer.
Implications & Recommendations: Further studies on tourism demand and tourism governance for WHS localities are needed in order to help local governments to develop authentic and sustainable tourism for these areas.
Contribution & Value Added: Given the sparse academic Romanian literature focusing on WHSs, this study contributes to this field and opens new avenues for research. Furthermore, the findings of this study add to the existing international literature by supporting the idea that simply the presence of a WHS in rural areas is not a panacea for promoting tourism.
{"title":"Romanian Rural World Heritage Sites and Tourism Development","authors":"Cornelia Pop, M. Georgescu","doi":"10.15678/EBER.2019.070108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070108","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this article is to investigate if Romanian rural localities hosting or situated within a natural WHS (World Heritage Site) have benefited from their situation and developed the local rural tourism.<br><br>Research Design & Methods: Since the topic of this article had not been previously investigated for Romania, the research was constructed as a case study, exploring the available secondary data on tourism supply and demand. Within the case study, a combination of empirical methods was used in order to investigate two ratios (the survival rate and continuity ratio) constructed to study the sustainability of the offer of local tourism.<br><br>Findings: Romanian rural localities hosting or being part of a WHS do not exploit properly their tourist potential. However, these localities are in a better position than common rural localities from the viewpoint of a sustainable tourism offer.<br><br>Implications & Recommendations: Further studies on tourism demand and tourism governance for WHS localities are needed in order to help local governments to develop authentic and sustainable tourism for these areas.<br><br>Contribution & Value Added: Given the sparse academic Romanian literature focusing on WHSs, this study contributes to this field and opens new avenues for research. Furthermore, the findings of this study add to the existing international literature by supporting the idea that simply the presence of a WHS in rural areas is not a panacea for promoting tourism.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121886651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-19DOI: 10.18601/16578651.n24.08
Rosalba Linares
Las fronteras del Estado-nación, según el objeto de su regulación, pueden ser de barrera o contacto. La noción de seguridad emerge en defensa del territorio y la soberanía sobre amenazas externas e internas, a fin de asegurar la convivencia y la paz de sus ciudadanos. La globalización impactó las fronteras registrando un aumento de flujos: personas, bienes, servicio, capital y delitos. Las concepciones de frontera, seguridad y desarrollo se asocian como una visión para garantizar la gestión de políticas públicas en estos espacios, y refuerzan la vigilancia y el control. Este trabajo examina la situación fronteriza entre Venezuela y Colombia desde el enfoque de la geografía política y la geopolítica, mediante una revisión documental y de prensa. Resalta en la frontera: la desatención por ambos Estados; el choque de dos países con crisis internas y diferentes sistemas políticos, jurídicos y económicos; la carencia de una política integral de frontera, y una creciente violencia, criminalidad y delitos transfronterizos que trastocan la vecindad.
{"title":"Seguridad y política fronteriza: una mirada a la situación de la frontera entre Venezuela y Colombia (Security and Border Policy: A Look of Border Situation Between Venezuela and Colombia)","authors":"Rosalba Linares","doi":"10.18601/16578651.n24.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n24.08","url":null,"abstract":"Las fronteras del Estado-nación, según el objeto de su regulación, pueden ser de barrera o contacto. La noción de seguridad emerge en defensa del territorio y la soberanía sobre amenazas externas e internas, a fin de asegurar la convivencia y la paz de sus ciudadanos. La globalización impactó las fronteras registrando un aumento de flujos: personas, bienes, servicio, capital y delitos. Las concepciones de frontera, seguridad y desarrollo se asocian como una visión para garantizar la gestión de políticas públicas en estos espacios, y refuerzan la vigilancia y el control. Este trabajo examina la situación fronteriza entre Venezuela y Colombia desde el enfoque de la geografía política y la geopolítica, mediante una revisión documental y de prensa. Resalta en la frontera: la desatención por ambos Estados; el choque de dos países con crisis internas y diferentes sistemas políticos, jurídicos y económicos; la carencia de una política integral de frontera, y una creciente violencia, criminalidad y delitos transfronterizos que trastocan la vecindad.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116245697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
North Africa (NA) comprises of eight countries that includes Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan. Though, it is an economically prosperous area generating one-third of Africa’s total GDP, the continuous violence makes the region disturbed. The continent’s conflicts are tightly clustered along an arc stretching from northern Mali through southern Algeria and Libya into Egypt, extending into the Sinai Peninsula. The violence has been moving away from armed conflicts to higher levels of riots, protests and social violence, such as homicide and violence associated with organised crime. The people are demanding political reforms of voice, accountability and governance. Moreover, the vast deficit of infrastructure is a constraint on its growth. There is a need for adequate infrastructure to secure energy, efficient transport, reliable communication systems, resilient sanitation, and affordable housing. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are an important tool for developing infrastructure and fostering economic development. They are used with infrastructures like roads, airports, ports, power, water, and solid waste treatment and typically involve investment and operation and maintenance. It can provide more efficient procurement, focus on consumer satisfaction and life cycle maintenance, and provide new sources of investment. Despite violence, many PPP projects have been undertaken by North African countries in different sectors. This paper makes a review of PPP policies and various projects undertaken by countries of North Africa in infrastructure development.
{"title":"Public Private Partnerships As Catalyst for Infrastructure Development in North Africa","authors":"Amir Ullah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3336679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3336679","url":null,"abstract":"North Africa (NA) comprises of eight countries that includes Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan. Though, it is an economically prosperous area generating one-third of Africa’s total GDP, the continuous violence makes the region disturbed. The continent’s conflicts are tightly clustered along an arc stretching from northern Mali through southern Algeria and Libya into Egypt, extending into the Sinai Peninsula. The violence has been moving away from armed conflicts to higher levels of riots, protests and social violence, such as homicide and violence associated with organised crime. The people are demanding political reforms of voice, accountability and governance. Moreover, the vast deficit of infrastructure is a constraint on its growth. There is a need for adequate infrastructure to secure energy, efficient transport, reliable communication systems, resilient sanitation, and affordable housing. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are an important tool for developing infrastructure and fostering economic development. They are used with infrastructures like roads, airports, ports, power, water, and solid waste treatment and typically involve investment and operation and maintenance. It can provide more efficient procurement, focus on consumer satisfaction and life cycle maintenance, and provide new sources of investment. Despite violence, many PPP projects have been undertaken by North African countries in different sectors. This paper makes a review of PPP policies and various projects undertaken by countries of North Africa in infrastructure development.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131142199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Efobi, S. Asongu, Chinelo Okafor, Vanessa S. Tchamyou, Belmondo V. Tanankem
The paper assesses how remittances directly and indirectly affect industrialisation using a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The indirect impact is assessed through financial development channels. The empirical evidence is based on three interactive and non-interactive simultaneity-robust estimation techniques, namely: (i) Instrumental Fixed Effects (FE) to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to control for persistence in industrialisation and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of industrialisation. The non-interactive specification elucidates direct effects of remittances on industrialisation whereas interactive specifications explain indirect impacts. The findings broadly show that for certain initial levels of industrialisation, remittances can drive industrialisation through the financial development mechanism. Policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"Remittances, Finance and Industrialisation in Africa","authors":"U. Efobi, S. Asongu, Chinelo Okafor, Vanessa S. Tchamyou, Belmondo V. Tanankem","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3330164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3330164","url":null,"abstract":"The paper assesses how remittances directly and indirectly affect industrialisation using a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1980-2014. The indirect impact is assessed through financial development channels. The empirical evidence is based on three interactive and non-interactive simultaneity-robust estimation techniques, namely: (i) Instrumental Fixed Effects (FE) to control for the unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to control for persistence in industrialisation and (iii) Instrumental Quantile Regressions (QR) to account for initial levels of industrialisation. The non-interactive specification elucidates direct effects of remittances on industrialisation whereas interactive specifications explain indirect impacts. The findings broadly show that for certain initial levels of industrialisation, remittances can drive industrialisation through the financial development mechanism. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123864412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the core of the European project is the idea that through increased state cooperation and dependency, national divisions can be overcome and peace can be secured on the European continent. National and European elites often make reference to past devastations of the Second World War (WWII) in order to convey the added value of European cooperation among the public. Does WWII remembrance enhance public support for European cooperation? By presenting evidence from a set of novel survey experiments conducted in the six largest member states (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom) in July 2017, this contribution shows that reminding people of the devastations of WWII, increases support for their country’s cooperation within the European Union (EU) today. Yet, only when it comes to providing assistance for other member states in dire economic need. Reminding people of the devastations of WWII does not make people more willing to extend the rights to EU migrants or contribute to the establishment of an European army. These findings are important as they suggest that WWII remembrance triggers a largely transactional response among the public, a willingness to provide financial support combined with an unwillingness to embrace intra-EU migration or security cooperation. This evidence suggests that securing public support for further deepening of free movement of people and European security cooperation through historical rhetoric might be difficult to achieve.
{"title":"Don’t Mention the War! Second World War Remembrance and Support for European Cooperation","authors":"Catherine E. De Vries","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3346690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3346690","url":null,"abstract":"At the core of the European project is the idea that through increased state cooperation and dependency, national divisions can be overcome and peace can be secured on the European continent. National and European elites often make reference to past devastations of the Second World War (WWII) in order to convey the added value of European cooperation among the public. Does WWII remembrance enhance public support for European cooperation? By presenting evidence from a set of novel survey experiments conducted in the six largest member states (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom) in July 2017, this contribution shows that reminding people of the devastations of WWII, increases support for their country’s cooperation within the European Union (EU) today. Yet, only when it comes to providing assistance for other member states in dire economic need. Reminding people of the devastations of WWII does not make people more willing to extend the rights to EU migrants or contribute to the establishment of an European army. These findings are important as they suggest that WWII remembrance triggers a largely transactional response among the public, a willingness to provide financial support combined with an unwillingness to embrace intra-EU migration or security cooperation. This evidence suggests that securing public support for further deepening of free movement of people and European security cooperation through historical rhetoric might be difficult to achieve.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121820449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：