Tourism as a science has been recognized by the Indonesian government since 2010, but has not been touched in depth matters are applicable. Integrated city tourism development model urgent should be done for short term and long term. Developing an urban area is an attempt to raise revenue through tax of hotels, restaurants, and increase economic activities in urban areas. Integrated city tourism will realize the satisfaction of all parties. Some cities in Indonesia deserve to be developed as a tourist city when viewed from some of the components as a tourist attraction. These components are like: the town hall, the street that contains myth and meaningful, historical monuments, culinary, colleges or universities, shopping malls, traditional markets, parks, museums, exhibitions, and other attractions. To be able to packaged it as a tourist product, the necessary integration of all aspects that comprise aspects of the appeal of the city, the transportation aspect, the aspect of the main aspects and support facilities, and institutions such as the attributes of human resources, systems, and other relevant institutions. In this study, Denpasar city as a case study for the city of Denpasar as a business center for Balinese, and the center of tourist activity both domestic and foreign. To make the city of Denpasar as an attractive tourist town, in need of restructuring. The arrangement is an urgent need e.g. Community business center arrangement, the arrangement of the hotel, and the management of tourist areas. The results showed that of the 10 major tourist attractions as an indicator of the resort town of Denpasar, can be categorized as a livable city into a tourist town. Potential development of the tourist city could be seen from some of the attributes of the city assessed based popularity tourist attraction that has developed, such as the town hall, historic streets, city monuments, culinary, colleges or universities, shopping malls, traditional markets, city parks, museums town, exhibitions, and other urban areas is a resource that has the potential to be integrated into the city of Denpasar travel packages.
{"title":"Integration of Tourist Attractions as City Tour Packaging in Denpasar Bali","authors":"I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2916546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2916546","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism as a science has been recognized by the Indonesian government since 2010, but has not been touched in depth matters are applicable. Integrated city tourism development model urgent should be done for short term and long term. Developing an urban area is an attempt to raise revenue through tax of hotels, restaurants, and increase economic activities in urban areas. Integrated city tourism will realize the satisfaction of all parties. Some cities in Indonesia deserve to be developed as a tourist city when viewed from some of the components as a tourist attraction. These components are like: the town hall, the street that contains myth and meaningful, historical monuments, culinary, colleges or universities, shopping malls, traditional markets, parks, museums, exhibitions, and other attractions. To be able to packaged it as a tourist product, the necessary integration of all aspects that comprise aspects of the appeal of the city, the transportation aspect, the aspect of the main aspects and support facilities, and institutions such as the attributes of human resources, systems, and other relevant institutions. In this study, Denpasar city as a case study for the city of Denpasar as a business center for Balinese, and the center of tourist activity both domestic and foreign. To make the city of Denpasar as an attractive tourist town, in need of restructuring. The arrangement is an urgent need e.g. Community business center arrangement, the arrangement of the hotel, and the management of tourist areas. The results showed that of the 10 major tourist attractions as an indicator of the resort town of Denpasar, can be categorized as a livable city into a tourist town. Potential development of the tourist city could be seen from some of the attributes of the city assessed based popularity tourist attraction that has developed, such as the town hall, historic streets, city monuments, culinary, colleges or universities, shopping malls, traditional markets, city parks, museums town, exhibitions, and other urban areas is a resource that has the potential to be integrated into the city of Denpasar travel packages.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125388816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-17DOI: 10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0013
S. Noronha, Sreeramana Aithal
With the increase in education and awareness relating to women empowerment, there is a considerable increase in the number of working women in different sectors. Ever-changing dynamic environment and economic conditions have pressurized the organizations to perform or perish. This, in turn, has created an unseen pressure on the employees. Career and personal life are the two aspects considered important by employees, the success of which requires major attention. The major challenge for women is to balance the demands and the requirements of career and family. The various aspects like socio-demographic conditions, work stress, the impact of work on personal life negatively affects the personal life and career advancement creating a glass ceiling for women employees. It is seen that in the absence of proper work-life balance policies and practice result in work-life conflict. This can be seen in the form of increased absenteeism, high attrition, low recognition and job satisfaction. There are initiatives taken by the organizations and the government but the question is if the initiatives taken are adequate and are actually benefitting the women employees. This paper reviews the work-life balance initiatives adopted by employers in different organizations. An attempt is also made to find the challenges undergone by the organizations in providing such measures to the women employees. The sources referred for this purpose includes various published research papers on internet sites, magazines, doctoral thesis, newspapers etc.
{"title":"Organizational Strategic Approach towards Work Life Balance of Women in India","authors":"S. Noronha, Sreeramana Aithal","doi":"10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0013","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in education and awareness relating to women empowerment, there is a considerable increase in the number of working women in different sectors. Ever-changing dynamic environment and economic conditions have pressurized the organizations to perform or perish. This, in turn, has created an unseen pressure on the employees. Career and personal life are the two aspects considered important by employees, the success of which requires major attention. The major challenge for women is to balance the demands and the requirements of career and family. The various aspects like socio-demographic conditions, work stress, the impact of work on personal life negatively affects the personal life and career advancement creating a glass ceiling for women employees. It is seen that in the absence of proper work-life balance policies and practice result in work-life conflict. This can be seen in the form of increased absenteeism, high attrition, low recognition and job satisfaction. There are initiatives taken by the organizations and the government but the question is if the initiatives taken are adequate and are actually benefitting the women employees. This paper reviews the work-life balance initiatives adopted by employers in different organizations. An attempt is also made to find the challenges undergone by the organizations in providing such measures to the women employees. The sources referred for this purpose includes various published research papers on internet sites, magazines, doctoral thesis, newspapers etc.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128885745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Italian Abstract: L'articolo analizza il lavoro e il pensiero di Paolo Sylos Labini durante il suo mandato all'Università di Catania tra il 1958 e il 1960. In questo periodo ha condiviso e preso parte a molte iniziative del riformatore sociale Danilo Dolci. Il centro di ricerca di Dolci e il laboratorio che Sylos Labini ha creato presso la Facoltà di Economia nello stesso periodo hanno stabilito legami profondi e sinergie. Il 2016 segna il cinquantesimo anniversario della pubblicazione di "Problemi economici siciliani" a cura di Sylos Labini durante il suo soggiorno a Catania. Il libro ebbe uno straordinario successo e divenne una pietra miliare della ricerca economica sulla Regione Siciliana e più in generale sulle caratteristiche e le potenzialità dello sviluppo socio-economico del Mezzogiorno d'Italia. English Abstract: The work analyses Paolo Sylos Labini’s work and thinking during his tenure at the University of Catania between 1958 and 1960. In this period he shared and took part in many initiatives of the social reformer Danilo Dolci. Dolci’s research centre and the laboratory that Sylos Labini created at the Faculty of Economics in the same period established deep links and synergies. 2016 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of “Problemi dell’economia siciliana” edited by Sylos Labini during his stay in Catania. The book enjoyed an extraordinary success and became a milestone of economic research on the Sicilian Region and more in general on the characteristics and potential of socio-economic development of Italy’s Mezzogiorno.
这篇文章分析了保罗·西洛斯·拉比尼1958年至1960年在卡塔尼亚大学任职期间的工作和思想。在此期间，他分享并参与了社会改革家达尼洛·坎蒂的许多倡议。甜食研究中心和Sylos Labini同时在商学院建立的实验室建立了深刻的联系和协同效应。2016年是Sylos Labini在卡塔尼亚发表《西西里经济问题》50周年。这本书取得了巨大的成功，成为西西里地区经济研究的基石，更广泛地说，成为意大利南部经济和社会发展的特点和潜力的基石。英语摘要:保罗·西洛斯·拉比尼(Paolo Sylos labini)在1958年至1960年间在卡塔尼亚大学(University of Catania)工作和思考时的工作分析。在这段时间里，他分享并参与了许多社会改革者达尼洛·坎迪的倡议。在同一时期建立深度联系和协同效应的经济可行性。2016年，西洛斯·拉比尼(Sylos Labini)在卡塔尼亚(Catania)逗留期间出版了《西西里经济问题》(西西里经济问题)15周年。这本书获得了非凡的成功，成为西西里地区经济研究的里程碑，并在意大利南部的characteristics和社会经济发展的潜力方面取得了更大的成就。
{"title":"La Lezione Siciliana Di Paolo Sylos Labini (1958-1960) (Paolo Sylos Labini’s Sicilian Lesson, 1958-1960)","authors":"Anna Maria Rita La Bruna","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3139664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3139664","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Italian Abstract:</b> L'articolo analizza il lavoro e il pensiero di Paolo Sylos Labini durante il suo mandato all'Università di Catania tra il 1958 e il 1960. In questo periodo ha condiviso e preso parte a molte iniziative del riformatore sociale Danilo Dolci. Il centro di ricerca di Dolci e il laboratorio che Sylos Labini ha creato presso la Facoltà di Economia nello stesso periodo hanno stabilito legami profondi e sinergie. Il 2016 segna il cinquantesimo anniversario della pubblicazione di \"Problemi economici siciliani\" a cura di Sylos Labini durante il suo soggiorno a Catania. Il libro ebbe uno straordinario successo e divenne una pietra miliare della ricerca economica sulla Regione Siciliana e più in generale sulle caratteristiche e le potenzialità dello sviluppo socio-economico del Mezzogiorno d'Italia. <b>English Abstract:</b> The work analyses Paolo Sylos Labini’s work and thinking during his tenure at the University of Catania between 1958 and 1960. In this period he shared and took part in many initiatives of the social reformer Danilo Dolci. Dolci’s research centre and the laboratory that Sylos Labini created at the Faculty of Economics in the same period established deep links and synergies. 2016 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of “Problemi dell’economia siciliana” edited by Sylos Labini during his stay in Catania. The book enjoyed an extraordinary success and became a milestone of economic research on the Sicilian Region and more in general on the characteristics and potential of socio-economic development of Italy’s Mezzogiorno.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124216114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarosław Działek, Karolina Listwan-Franczak, Janusz Górny
This paper examines whether social transformations involved in migrations from large cities into their peripheries translates into increased levels of social capital. It could be reasonably expected that existing population of such peripheries should have higher levels of bonding social capital, whereas the new residents would have greater resources of bridging social capital. Relying on statistical data about the number of non-governmental organisations and public charities, this article tries to answer the question whether on-going suburbanisation translates into heightened social activity levels around the cities of Krakow and Poznan. The paper finds greater numbers of new public associations registered in the suburban zones over the last 10 years, in particular around Poznan.
{"title":"Social Capital in Suburban Zones of Krakow and Poznań","authors":"Jarosław Działek, Karolina Listwan-Franczak, Janusz Górny","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2946955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2946955","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines whether social transformations involved in migrations from large cities into their peripheries translates into increased levels of social capital. It could be reasonably expected that existing population of such peripheries should have higher levels of bonding social capital, whereas the new residents would have greater resources of bridging social capital. Relying on statistical data about the number of non-governmental organisations and public charities, this article tries to answer the question whether on-going suburbanisation translates into heightened social activity levels around the cities of Krakow and Poznan. The paper finds greater numbers of new public associations registered in the suburban zones over the last 10 years, in particular around Poznan.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125522860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper intends to give a short overview of how the Swedish system of land and environment courts is organised and of the procedure in their administrative cases, with specific attention paid to cases on appealed decisions from authorities. In these cases, the land and environment courts act as traditional Swedish administrative courts and follow a tradition whereby the court, in principle, has the same powers to solve the case as the first deciding authority. Acting in administrative cases the courts have an active role and a flexible remedial toolbox, which may be used when solving environmental disputes: the ex officio principle and the reformatory procedure. This system obliges the court to thoroughly examine the case at hand by its own initiative and also enables the judge to not only fully review an administrative decision, but also change its content. In other cases, the land and environment courts play the role of a civil court (e.g. disputes on compensation for environmental damage and expropriation) or partly as an authority (application for permit to larger industries or water operations). One conclusion regarding administrative cases is that an “administrative loop” i.e. a procedure whereby a court, in a still open case, refers an issue back to the administrative authority which issued the challenged decision, in order to amend a procedural error, is not possible in Sweden. Due to the wide powers, as described above, of the Swedish courts to annul or amend an administrative decision, such a possibility would on the other hand not serve any substantial purpose and not enhance the efficiency of judicial or administrative procedures.
{"title":"The Swedish Legal System and Possible Implications of the Belgian Rulings - Reformatory Procedure in Swedish Land and Environment Courts","authors":"Anders Bengtsson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2943949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2943949","url":null,"abstract":"The paper intends to give a short overview of how the Swedish system of land and environment courts is organised and of the procedure in their administrative cases, with specific attention paid to cases on appealed decisions from authorities. In these cases, the land and environment courts act as traditional Swedish administrative courts and follow a tradition whereby the court, in principle, has the same powers to solve the case as the first deciding authority. \u0000Acting in administrative cases the courts have an active role and a flexible remedial toolbox, which may be used when solving environmental disputes: the ex officio principle and the reformatory procedure. This system obliges the court to thoroughly examine the case at hand by its own initiative and also enables the judge to not only fully review an administrative decision, but also change its content. In other cases, the land and environment courts play the role of a civil court (e.g. disputes on compensation for environmental damage and expropriation) or partly as an authority (application for permit to larger industries or water operations). \u0000One conclusion regarding administrative cases is that an “administrative loop” i.e. a procedure whereby a court, in a still open case, refers an issue back to the administrative authority which issued the challenged decision, in order to amend a procedural error, is not possible in Sweden. Due to the wide powers, as described above, of the Swedish courts to annul or amend an administrative decision, such a possibility would on the other hand not serve any substantial purpose and not enhance the efficiency of judicial or administrative procedures.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131858047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper explores the public perception of the status of a child born out of lawful wedlock [legitimate children] and illegitimate children under customary law in Southwestern Nigeria. The paper also provides distinctions between legitimate and illegitimate children. The paper conducts surveys and interviews by a stratified and random sampling of the perception of the public amongst prominent individuals and ordinary citizens amongst the Yoruba ethnic group in Nigeria to assess their knowledge and opinion about customary law and the succession rights of illegitimate children. This paper uses both a quantitative and qualitative. It also outlines in details data collection instruments and the instruments used for data analysis.
{"title":"Public Perception on Illegitimacy and Succession Rights in South Western Nigeria","authors":"Yinka Olomojobi, J. Onuoha","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2940847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2940847","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the public perception of the status of a child born out of lawful wedlock [legitimate children] and illegitimate children under customary law in Southwestern Nigeria. The paper also provides distinctions between legitimate and illegitimate children. The paper conducts surveys and interviews by a stratified and random sampling of the perception of the public amongst prominent individuals and ordinary citizens amongst the Yoruba ethnic group in Nigeria to assess their knowledge and opinion about customary law and the succession rights of illegitimate children. This paper uses both a quantitative and qualitative. It also outlines in details data collection instruments and the instruments used for data analysis.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133965567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the resilience of inter-ethnic marriages in Italy through the lenses of marriage duration by means of survival and treatment-effect analyses. Our main findings are that inter-ethnic marriages have a significantly higher risk of separation even when we control for social and economic characteristics of the spouses; however, when we restrict the analysis to more recent marriages, we observe that co- and inter-ethnic marriages converge in longevity. Finally, we find evidence of self-selection into inter-ethnic marriages. Overall our findings points to a society that is becoming increasingly open to cultural and ethnic diversity, as well as more secular.
{"title":"Better Wed Over the Mixen than Over the Moor? Break-Ups of Inter-Ethnic Marriages in Italy","authors":"L. Bottazzi, P. Manasse, S. G. See","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2938385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2938385","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the resilience of inter-ethnic marriages in Italy through the lenses of marriage duration by means of survival and treatment-effect analyses. Our main findings are that inter-ethnic marriages have a significantly higher risk of separation even when we control for social and economic characteristics of the spouses; however, when we restrict the analysis to more recent marriages, we observe that co- and inter-ethnic marriages converge in longevity. Finally, we find evidence of self-selection into inter-ethnic marriages. Overall our findings points to a society that is becoming increasingly open to cultural and ethnic diversity, as well as more secular.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"1613 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116504525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can television have a mitigating effect on xenophobia? To examine this question, we exploit the fact that individuals in some areas of East Germany – due to their geographic location – could not receive West German television until 1989. We conjecture that individuals who received West German television were exposed more frequently to foreigners and thus have developed less xenophobia than people who were not exposed to those programs. Our results show that regions that could receive West German television were less likely to vote for right-wing parties during the national elections from 1998 to 2013. Only recently, the same regions were also more likely to vote for left-wing parties. Moreover, while counties that hosted more foreigners in 1989 were also more likely to vote for right-wing parties in most elections, we find counties that recently hosted more foreign visitors showed less xenophobia, which is in line with intergroup contact theory.
{"title":"Can Television Reduce Xenophobia? The Case of East Germany","authors":"Lars Hornuf, M. Rieger, Sven Hartmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2932276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2932276","url":null,"abstract":"Can television have a mitigating effect on xenophobia? To examine this question, we exploit the fact that individuals in some areas of East Germany – due to their geographic location – could not receive West German television until 1989. We conjecture that individuals who received West German television were exposed more frequently to foreigners and thus have developed less xenophobia than people who were not exposed to those programs. Our results show that regions that could receive West German television were less likely to vote for right-wing parties during the national elections from 1998 to 2013. Only recently, the same regions were also more likely to vote for left-wing parties. Moreover, while counties that hosted more foreigners in 1989 were also more likely to vote for right-wing parties in most elections, we find counties that recently hosted more foreign visitors showed less xenophobia, which is in line with intergroup contact theory.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132732073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.17323/2411-7390-2017-3-1-45-57
Lozzi Martial Meutem Kamtchueng
This paper sets out to study in a comparative perspective the semantics and the characteristics of the metaphors for bribe used by Cameroonians and Nigerians and discuss the factors which can account for the choice of these metaphors. The data for the study were collected from participant observation, novels, interviews, scientific papers and online sources and the work is discussed from the vantage point of functional grammar and cognitive linguistics. The findings of the study reveal that in order to lessen the appalling nature of the act of asking for bribes, avoid sounding ridiculous and render incomprehensible the message of asking for bribe from people who are not familiar with it, these language users utilize various types of metaphors (object metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors, vegetative metaphors as well as zoomorphic metaphors). These metaphors display some similarities (which can be accounted for by the geographical proximity between the two countries) and differences: both utilize almost the same types of metaphors and to a lesser extent the same lexical items to refer to bribe but in different proportions (object metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors, vegetative metaphors as well as zoomorphic metaphors). Furthermore, it is found that the values conveyed by these metaphors fall under the domains of foodstuff and drinks, fauna, human beings and body parts, mailing and transportation as well as abstract realities. Also, some of these metaphors can be characterized as being meliorative, pejorative, vindictive and kinesthetic. Moreover, it is found that cultural, social and economic factors can provide insights to the understanding of the choice of the values used to refer to bribe by these language users. In addition, the values used to represent bribes in these countries are a depiction of their multilingual complex nature. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
{"title":"Give an Envelope for the Boss/Give a Brown Envelope for the Boss - On the Semantics and Characteristics of the Metaphors for Bribe Across Cultures: Focus on Cameroon and Nigeria","authors":"Lozzi Martial Meutem Kamtchueng","doi":"10.17323/2411-7390-2017-3-1-45-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2017-3-1-45-57","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets out to study in a comparative perspective the semantics and the characteristics of the metaphors for bribe used by Cameroonians and Nigerians and discuss the factors which can account for the choice of these metaphors. The data for the study were collected from participant observation, novels, interviews, scientific papers and online sources and the work is discussed from the vantage point of functional grammar and cognitive linguistics. The findings of the study reveal that in order to lessen the appalling nature of the act of asking for bribes, avoid sounding ridiculous and render incomprehensible the message of asking for bribe from people who are not familiar with it, these language users utilize various types of metaphors (object metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors, vegetative metaphors as well as zoomorphic metaphors). These metaphors display some similarities (which can be accounted for by the geographical proximity between the two countries) and differences: both utilize almost the same types of metaphors and to a lesser extent the same lexical items to refer to bribe but in different proportions (object metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors, vegetative metaphors as well as zoomorphic metaphors). Furthermore, it is found that the values conveyed by these metaphors fall under the domains of foodstuff and drinks, fauna, human beings and body parts, mailing and transportation as well as abstract realities. Also, some of these metaphors can be characterized as being meliorative, pejorative, vindictive and kinesthetic. Moreover, it is found that cultural, social and economic factors can provide insights to the understanding of the choice of the values used to refer to bribe by these language users. In addition, the values used to represent bribes in these countries are a depiction of their multilingual complex nature. \u0000 \u0000This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127217400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study focuses on addressing the question, “How do non-state actors address the predicament of the irregular migrants’ precarious status?” The study reveals that an unwanted irregular migrant will certainly seek recognition, not necessarily from mainstream society but from peers, networks, and most of the time from compatriots – establishing links, and building contacts – and thus negotiated their status with the host society. This research also generated an alternative hypothesis which states, “As migration control becomes much stricter, more irregular migrants are seeking assistance from non-state actors and the migration industry.” This paper finds that the collaborative effort of migrant and non-migrant organizations between Filipino-run and Japanese-run NGOs at the local level (including church and non-church based groups) play an immensely indispensable role in sending a message across national boundaries that transnational migration agency (actors forming as collectivities) inadvertently reshapes a new world order for the global migration process.
{"title":"Negotiated Citizenship Through Civic Association: Contestations of Collective Empowerment Among Filipino Irregular Migrants in Japan","authors":"A. Villa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2968829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2968829","url":null,"abstract":"This case study focuses on addressing the question, “How do non-state actors address the predicament of the irregular migrants’ precarious status?” The study reveals that an unwanted irregular migrant will certainly seek recognition, not necessarily from mainstream society but from peers, networks, and most of the time from compatriots – establishing links, and building contacts – and thus negotiated their status with the host society. This research also generated an alternative hypothesis which states, “As migration control becomes much stricter, more irregular migrants are seeking assistance from non-state actors and the migration industry.” This paper finds that the collaborative effort of migrant and non-migrant organizations between Filipino-run and Japanese-run NGOs at the local level (including church and non-church based groups) play an immensely indispensable role in sending a message across national boundaries that transnational migration agency (actors forming as collectivities) inadvertently reshapes a new world order for the global migration process.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115245248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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