The vision regarding the development of the business environment from the Romanian seaside area cannot exclude the positioning of the tertiary sector at the center of this approach by capitalizing the natural potential. Tourism development triggers an increased demand for goods and services related to this activity, thus stimulating the tertiary sector of the economy. The uniqueness of the resources of the Black Sea coast can contribute to the economic growth of the area, which should be exploited in accordance with the principles professed by sustainable tourism.
{"title":"The Tertiary Sector - Economic Growth Engine of the Romanian Black Sea Coast","authors":"Flavian Clipa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3061899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3061899","url":null,"abstract":"The vision regarding the development of the business environment from the Romanian seaside area cannot exclude the positioning of the tertiary sector at the center of this approach by capitalizing the natural potential. Tourism development triggers an increased demand for goods and services related to this activity, thus stimulating the tertiary sector of the economy. The uniqueness of the resources of the Black Sea coast can contribute to the economic growth of the area, which should be exploited in accordance with the principles professed by sustainable tourism.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"394 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124216160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rajapakse, P.G.I.J. Gamage, A. Dearden, Melissa Densmore, Marion R Walton, RN, MS
This research paper considers how Sri Lankan export farmers currently interact with agricultural knowledge resources and the factors that affect such access. Access to agricultural knowledge resources at the required time is important for farmers to achieve required growing standards. This is particularly important for farmers in Sri Lanka aiming to sell to export markets. Integration into export value chains can greatly benefit farmers. However in order to access global value chains farmers have to meet required standards. The Department of Agriculture (DOA) of Sri Lanka is currently in the process of implementing Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards which must be met by farmers intending to sell to certain export markets. Currently there are several ways in which farmers can access this information; verbally by talking to agricultural extension officers, by calling the 1920 crop advisory service run by the DOA, or by looking at print copies of the GAP standards maintained at the Department. However farmers access this information alongside many other sources, including traditional practices. This research looks at the factors that affect how selected export farmers in Sri Lanka are included in or excluded from agricultural information, and the factors that affect the ways in which they act on the information. Multiple sources of information are considered – both formal and informal. The research considers how different aspects of farmer identity affects the ability of the subjects to access the information. The study also looks at how farmers act when faced with conflicting information from different sources. How do farmers balance conflicting information and the role that trust in information sources plays is considered. This study is part of a larger action-research-based study in which farmers were given mobile phones with information about GAP standards. However, for the purposes of this research, the selected farmers have not been exposed to this intervention.
{"title":"Negotiating Access to Information: The Case of Sri Lankan Cucurbit Farmer","authors":"C. Rajapakse, P.G.I.J. Gamage, A. Dearden, Melissa Densmore, Marion R Walton, RN, MS","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3058659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3058659","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper considers how Sri Lankan export farmers currently interact with agricultural knowledge resources and the factors that affect such access. Access to agricultural knowledge resources at the required time is important for farmers to achieve required growing standards. This is particularly important for farmers in Sri Lanka aiming to sell to export markets. Integration into export value chains can greatly benefit farmers. However in order to access global value chains farmers have to meet required standards. The Department of Agriculture (DOA) of Sri Lanka is currently in the process of implementing Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards which must be met by farmers intending to sell to certain export markets. Currently there are several ways in which farmers can access this information; verbally by talking to agricultural extension officers, by calling the 1920 crop advisory service run by the DOA, or by looking at print copies of the GAP standards maintained at the Department. However farmers access this information alongside many other sources, including traditional practices. This research looks at the factors that affect how selected export farmers in Sri Lanka are included in or excluded from agricultural information, and the factors that affect the ways in which they act on the information. Multiple sources of information are considered – both formal and informal. The research considers how different aspects of farmer identity affects the ability of the subjects to access the information. The study also looks at how farmers act when faced with conflicting information from different sources. How do farmers balance conflicting information and the role that trust in information sources plays is considered. This study is part of a larger action-research-based study in which farmers were given mobile phones with information about GAP standards. However, for the purposes of this research, the selected farmers have not been exposed to this intervention.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126151224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article systematically presents the role of the Lahore High Court (LHC) in developing Islamic family law in Pakistan. The LHC was established one hundred and fifty years ago and has contributed significantly in this area of law. The gender sensitive and children friendly approach of the LHC in the domain of family law is evident by its numerous decisions. This approach on the one hand is inspired and informed by the ethos and spirit of Islamic dictates and on the other, by the day-to-day realities of the socio-economic condition of women and children in the institution of marriage. The court has attempted to keep the rights of these marginalized segments in sight and protect them instead of toeing precedents in a straitjacketed/mechanical manner. The fluid milieu of difference of opinions among scholars in Islamic legal texts (fiqh) has been innovatively employed so as to put it in service of women and children. The same approach is also demonstrated through the progressive construction of statutes.
{"title":"Contribution of the Lahore High Court in the Development of Islamic Family Law in Pakistan","authors":"S. Cheema, Z. Abbasi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3056579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3056579","url":null,"abstract":"This article systematically presents the role of the Lahore High Court (LHC) in developing Islamic family law in Pakistan. The LHC was established one hundred and fifty years ago and has contributed significantly in this area of law. The gender sensitive and children friendly approach of the LHC in the domain of family law is evident by its numerous decisions. This approach on the one hand is inspired and informed by the ethos and spirit of Islamic dictates and on the other, by the day-to-day realities of the socio-economic condition of women and children in the institution of marriage. The court has attempted to keep the rights of these marginalized segments in sight and protect them instead of toeing precedents in a straitjacketed/mechanical manner. The fluid milieu of difference of opinions among scholars in Islamic legal texts (fiqh) has been innovatively employed so as to put it in service of women and children. The same approach is also demonstrated through the progressive construction of statutes.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"597 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114244091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses the idea of forming reliable lines of goods and capital supply with the use of logistics materials from the countries of Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which made it possible to identify priority areas in the construction of trade and logistics centres. The geopolitical aspects of the "New Silk Road" plan, the transit potential of Afghanistan as a key country in the Middle East are also discussed. The goal of the "New Silk Road" project is the formation of reliable supply lines that will allow the countries of Central Asia to integrate with the markets of goods and capital in the West (Europe) and in the East (China). This requires not only investment in transport infrastructure, but also measures to reduce trade costs and fragmentation of supplies across the borders of member countries. Euro-Asian integration will become a prerequisite for increasing the transit potential of Central Asia on the modern Silk Road.
{"title":"Management of Spatial Development in Central Asia Through Transport Projects","authors":"L. Spankulova, Adilet Kongyrbay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3081880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3081880","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the idea of forming reliable lines of goods and capital supply with the use of logistics materials from the countries of Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which made it possible to identify priority areas in the construction of trade and logistics centres. The geopolitical aspects of the \"New Silk Road\" plan, the transit potential of Afghanistan as a key country in the Middle East are also discussed. The goal of the \"New Silk Road\" project is the formation of reliable supply lines that will allow the countries of Central Asia to integrate with the markets of goods and capital in the West (Europe) and in the East (China). This requires not only investment in transport infrastructure, but also measures to reduce trade costs and fragmentation of supplies across the borders of member countries. Euro-Asian integration will become a prerequisite for increasing the transit potential of Central Asia on the modern Silk Road.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article briefly presents the demographic characteristics of countries along the trade routes of the New Silk Road. Using the SWOT analysis of the main factors in the assessment of the transit transport hub, there was identified a list of political, economic, social, and technological factors that characterize the internal and external environment of the strategy for the development of transport corridors in Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Scenario and New Trends of the Transport Dialogue 'New Silk Road' Development","authors":"L. Spankulova, Adilet Kongyrbay, M. Mukan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3079252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3079252","url":null,"abstract":"This article briefly presents the demographic characteristics of countries along the trade routes of the New Silk Road. Using the SWOT analysis of the main factors in the assessment of the transit transport hub, there was identified a list of political, economic, social, and technological factors that characterize the internal and external environment of the strategy for the development of transport corridors in Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129967859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.3897/NATURECONSERVATION.21.12836
J. Linnell, A. Trouwborst, F. Fleurke
As wolf populations expand across Europe, many countries face challenges in finding ways to address the concerns of some elements among the rural stakeholders who are being asked to share their landscapes with wolves for the first time in several generations. In these recovery landscapes, wolves are associated with a wide range of conflicts that include economic, psychological, perceptional, social, cultural and political dimensions. A recurring demand concerns the desire to introduce the use of carefully regulated lethal control of wolves, through either culling by state employees or hunting conducted by rural hunters. Introducing such measures can be very controversial, and many critics challenge their legality under the international wildlife conservation instruments that have nurtured wolf recovery. We evaluate this issue for the case of wolves in Norway, which are strictly protected under the Bern Convention. Drawing on the latest results of social science research, we present the multiple lines of argumentation that are often used to justify killing wolves and relate these to the criteria for exceptions that exist under the Bern Convention. We conclude that while the Convention provides apparent scope for allowing the killing of wolves as a means to address conflicts, this must be clearly justified and proportional to the conservation status of wolves so as to not endanger their recovery.
{"title":"When is it Acceptable to Kill a Strictly Protected Carnivore? Exploring the Legal Constraints on Wildlife Management within Europe's Bern Convention","authors":"J. Linnell, A. Trouwborst, F. Fleurke","doi":"10.3897/NATURECONSERVATION.21.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/NATURECONSERVATION.21.12836","url":null,"abstract":"As wolf populations expand across Europe, many countries face challenges in finding ways to address the concerns of some elements among the rural stakeholders who are being asked to share their landscapes with wolves for the first time in several generations. In these recovery landscapes, wolves are associated with a wide range of conflicts that include economic, psychological, perceptional, social, cultural and political dimensions. A recurring demand concerns the desire to introduce the use of carefully regulated lethal control of wolves, through either culling by state employees or hunting conducted by rural hunters. Introducing such measures can be very controversial, and many critics challenge their legality under the international wildlife conservation instruments that have nurtured wolf recovery. We evaluate this issue for the case of wolves in Norway, which are strictly protected under the Bern Convention. Drawing on the latest results of social science research, we present the multiple lines of argumentation that are often used to justify killing wolves and relate these to the criteria for exceptions that exist under the Bern Convention. We conclude that while the Convention provides apparent scope for allowing the killing of wolves as a means to address conflicts, this must be clearly justified and proportional to the conservation status of wolves so as to not endanger their recovery.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125395415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengyuan Zhang, W. Dong, Xiaofan Zhao, Xiurui Yang, Huimin Li, Ye Qi
China promised to peak its total carbon emissions by 2030. Various actions on both supply and demand sides have been studied to achieve the goal. However, should the consumption be influenced purposefully for environmental purposes is still been hotly debated in the literature. By re-conceptualizing the definition of consumption, this study combines various modeling techniques with input-output analysis and evaluates quantitatively the role of consumption in carbon peak by 2030. We find that, without proper interventions on technology and consumption levels, China’s energy use and carbon emissions will continuously increase without a peak before 2050. To achieve carbon peak by 2030, China would have to achieve higher energy efficiency. Alternatively, China can choose to influence the consumption levels of the domestic consumers. In this case, Chinese people will live a life which is still less wasteful than that in the USA but with the same living standards to those in Japan and European countries. However, the GDP output, in this case, is approximately 11% lower in 2050 than the counterpart when the consumption levels grow without control and ultimately exceed the US consumption levels.
{"title":"The Role of Consumption in Peaking China's Carbon Emissions by 2030","authors":"Shengyuan Zhang, W. Dong, Xiaofan Zhao, Xiurui Yang, Huimin Li, Ye Qi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3034095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3034095","url":null,"abstract":"China promised to peak its total carbon emissions by 2030. Various actions on both supply and demand sides have been studied to achieve the goal. However, should the consumption be influenced purposefully for environmental purposes is still been hotly debated in the literature. By re-conceptualizing the definition of consumption, this study combines various modeling techniques with input-output analysis and evaluates quantitatively the role of consumption in carbon peak by 2030. We find that, without proper interventions on technology and consumption levels, China’s energy use and carbon emissions will continuously increase without a peak before 2050. To achieve carbon peak by 2030, China would have to achieve higher energy efficiency. Alternatively, China can choose to influence the consumption levels of the domestic consumers. In this case, Chinese people will live a life which is still less wasteful than that in the USA but with the same living standards to those in Japan and European countries. However, the GDP output, in this case, is approximately 11% lower in 2050 than the counterpart when the consumption levels grow without control and ultimately exceed the US consumption levels.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130624327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the last years, open big data has brought many challenges and revealed much potential for transportation research. In this study, we show how large open datasets can be used to accurately estimate the accessibility of transportation infrastructure for whole China, a scale unprecedented in the literature. Hundreds of airports and almost one thousand high-speed railway (HSR) stations serve the tremendously growing transportation demand. These access points to the transportation networks are not equivalently distributed throughout the country. Existing large-scale studies on transportation infrastructure accessibility focus on highly-aggregated forms of land-use area, with travel times from centroids of administrative regions. Other studies analyze spatially-constrained regions with very detailed data. In this study, we design and implement a fine-grained accessibility framework based on large open data sets, which allows us to estimate the accessibility based on grid cells with a resolution of less than one square kilometer. We automatize the computation of free-flow road travel times, as well as, the public transit times, from grid cells to infrastructure elements, by using a scalable routing framework. Based on our experiments, we find that the HSR network for China is much better accessible for the population than airports. Moreover, grid cells with a high population density are much better connected to the Chinese transportation networks than other grid cells. Our methodology is generic in that it can be applied on an even larger scale (whole planet) and with different points of interest.
{"title":"A High-Resolution, Yet Scalable Framework for Transport Infrastructure Accessibility Based on Open Big Data","authors":"Xiaoqian Sun, S. Wandelt, A. Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3033166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033166","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the last years, open big data has brought many challenges and revealed much potential for transportation research. In this study, we show how large open datasets can be used to accurately estimate the accessibility of transportation infrastructure for whole China, a scale unprecedented in the literature. Hundreds of airports and almost one thousand high-speed railway (HSR) stations serve the tremendously growing transportation demand. These access points to the transportation networks are not equivalently distributed throughout the country. Existing large-scale studies on transportation infrastructure accessibility focus on highly-aggregated forms of land-use area, with travel times from centroids of administrative regions. Other studies analyze spatially-constrained regions with very detailed data. In this study, we design and implement a fine-grained accessibility framework based on large open data sets, which allows us to estimate the accessibility based on grid cells with a resolution of less than one square kilometer. We automatize the computation of free-flow road travel times, as well as, the public transit times, from grid cells to infrastructure elements, by using a scalable routing framework. Based on our experiments, we find that the HSR network for China is much better accessible for the population than airports. Moreover, grid cells with a high population density are much better connected to the Chinese transportation networks than other grid cells. Our methodology is generic in that it can be applied on an even larger scale (whole planet) and with different points of interest.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115166992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) has deservedly become the benchmark for comparing national K-12 school systems. Since 2000, the OECD has, at three year intervals, organized PISA “rounds” to assess school system performance in member countries and in non-member partner countries, among upper-secondary students, age 15, in three core subjects. This Commentary summarizes major conclusions relevant to Canada from the latest round, in 2015. The policy recommendation of this Commentary is implicit: educators, administrators and parents should make use of PISA results as a guide to strategic priorities for education policy. Canada’s overall PISA score has consistently ranked well above the OECD average on the three subjects assessed (reading, mathematics, and science). In 2015, Canada ranked 10th in mathematics, 3rd in reading, 7th in science. Overall, our school system is faring well. However, PISA provides ample evidence to prompt some humility among Canadians. To be more specific: • Trends in mathematics: Since the inauguration of PISA, Canadian performance in mathematics has consistently declined from one round to the next, and the gap between 2003 and 2015 results is statistically significant. • Gender gaps: Canada is not faring well on this dimension; it is close to the OECD average. There exist in Canada modest gender gaps in mathematics and science that favour boys. A much larger gender gap in reading favours girls. • Mediocre outcomes for the six small provinces, for Manitoba and Saskatchewan in particular: From the base year for each subject to 2015, PISA score declines in all three subjects have been statistically significant for Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In all three subjects, the levels in these provinces are now below the benchmark year OECD average. There are reasons to speculate that the high proportion of Indigenous students in Manitoba and Saskatchewan is a key factor in explaining their PISA performance. Relative to these two Prairie provinces, outcomes are better in the four Atlantic provinces, but they, too, are not faring well. Each of the four has one 2015 score below 500; among the four, all scores are below the relevant national Canadian average.
{"title":"Red Flags for Educators: Lessons for Canada in the PISA Results","authors":"J. Richards","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3037129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3037129","url":null,"abstract":"The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) has deservedly become the benchmark for comparing national K-12 school systems. Since 2000, the OECD has, at three year intervals, organized PISA “rounds” to assess school system performance in member countries and in non-member partner countries, among upper-secondary students, age 15, in three core subjects. This Commentary summarizes major conclusions relevant to Canada from the latest round, in 2015. The policy recommendation of this Commentary is implicit: educators, administrators and parents should make use of PISA results as a guide to strategic priorities for education policy. Canada’s overall PISA score has consistently ranked well above the OECD average on the three subjects assessed (reading, mathematics, and science). In 2015, Canada ranked 10th in mathematics, 3rd in reading, 7th in science. Overall, our school system is faring well. However, PISA provides ample evidence to prompt some humility among Canadians. To be more specific: • Trends in mathematics: Since the inauguration of PISA, Canadian performance in mathematics has consistently declined from one round to the next, and the gap between 2003 and 2015 results is statistically significant. • Gender gaps: Canada is not faring well on this dimension; it is close to the OECD average. There exist in Canada modest gender gaps in mathematics and science that favour boys. A much larger gender gap in reading favours girls. • Mediocre outcomes for the six small provinces, for Manitoba and Saskatchewan in particular: From the base year for each subject to 2015, PISA score declines in all three subjects have been statistically significant for Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In all three subjects, the levels in these provinces are now below the benchmark year OECD average. There are reasons to speculate that the high proportion of Indigenous students in Manitoba and Saskatchewan is a key factor in explaining their PISA performance. Relative to these two Prairie provinces, outcomes are better in the four Atlantic provinces, but they, too, are not faring well. Each of the four has one 2015 score below 500; among the four, all scores are below the relevant national Canadian average.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130882477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a new approach to discovering and exploring society-wide social beliefs about ethnic structure. Rooted in computational text analysis, it combines the strengths of both qualitative and survey-based approaches to the study of ethnicity. I use a structural topic modeling approach (Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2016) to uncover general patterns in found in open-ended questions about ethnic groups. I then predict which patterns of responses tend to be associated with which ethnic groups, and use information about survey respondents to explore heterogeneity in social beliefs. To illustrate the method at work, I use original survey data from Malaysia, collected in 2017, to understand social beliefs about Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Arab ethnic groups in Malaysia.
本文介绍了一种新的方法来发现和探索有关种族结构的全社会社会信念。植根于计算文本分析，它结合了定性和基于调查的方法的优势来研究种族。我使用结构主题建模方法(Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2016)来发现关于种族群体的开放式问题中的一般模式。然后，我预测哪一种反应模式倾向于与哪一种族群体有关，并利用调查对象的信息来探索社会信仰的异质性。为了说明这种方法的有效性，我使用了2017年收集的马来西亚原始调查数据，以了解马来西亚马来人、华人、印度人和阿拉伯人群体的社会信仰。
{"title":"Discovery of Social Beliefs About Ethnic Structure from Survey Data","authors":"Thomas B. Pepinsky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3016017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3016017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new approach to discovering and exploring society-wide social beliefs about ethnic structure. Rooted in computational text analysis, it combines the strengths of both qualitative and survey-based approaches to the study of ethnicity. I use a structural topic modeling approach (Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2016) to uncover general patterns in found in open-ended questions about ethnic groups. I then predict which patterns of responses tend to be associated with which ethnic groups, and use information about survey respondents to explore heterogeneity in social beliefs. To illustrate the method at work, I use original survey data from Malaysia, collected in 2017, to understand social beliefs about Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Arab ethnic groups in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":169556,"journal":{"name":"Culture Area Studies eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130442587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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