Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.1
R. Othman, R. Ramya, N. Hassan, Suhair Kammona
Cyperaceae species have an intrinsic value as a source of active elements with biological activity from the family of monocotyledonous known as sedges. Sedges grow in all types of soils associated with wetlands or poor soils. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds by qualitative and quantitive analysis on Lepironia articulata. Dried leaves of L. articulata were successfully extracted by using water extraction then separated with different solvent polarities; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions before being analysed using GCTOF-MS, microplate reader and HPLC. The result from the GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed that 48 compounds were found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. From those extracts, only six phenolic compounds were identified in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phenol, 2,4- bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Catechol, Phenol, 2-methoxy- and Vanillin. The total phenolic content was found to be 984.63 ± 5.96 μg GAE/g DW in L. articulata. Quantitative analysis of individual phenolic acid by HPLC showed the predominant amount of Vanillic acid (0.48 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate while 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and Caffeic acid, both of which were 0.12 ± 0.00 μg/g DW in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol.
{"title":"GCTOF-MS and HPLC Identification of Phenolic Compounds with Different Fractional Extracts of Lepironia articulata","authors":"R. Othman, R. Ramya, N. Hassan, Suhair Kammona","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Cyperaceae species have an intrinsic value as a source of active elements with biological activity from the \u0000family of monocotyledonous known as sedges. Sedges grow in all types of soils associated with wetlands or poor soils. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds by qualitative and quantitive analysis on Lepironia articulata. Dried leaves of L. articulata were successfully extracted by using water extraction then separated with different solvent polarities; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions before being analysed using GCTOF-MS, microplate reader and HPLC. The result from the GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed that 48 compounds were found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. From those extracts, only six phenolic compounds were identified in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phenol, 2,4- \u0000bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Catechol, Phenol, 2-methoxy- and Vanillin. The total phenolic content \u0000was found to be 984.63 ± 5.96 μg GAE/g DW in L. articulata. Quantitative analysis of individual phenolic acid by HPLC \u0000showed the predominant amount of Vanillic acid (0.48 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate while 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and \u0000Caffeic acid, both of which were 0.12 ± 0.00 μg/g DW in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts \u0000demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89260135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.11
A. Maroyi
Antidesma laciniatum and A. membranaceum are small trees used as traditional medicines in tropical Africa. This extensive literature review synthesizes the information currently available on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. The university library and electronic search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were searched for pertinent information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. Traditionally, the species have been used as aphrodisiac, and traditional medicine for cough, kwashiorkor, mouth ulcers, pneumonia, prevent miscarriage, snakebites, stomachache and wounds. Various phytochemicals such as essential oils, isoflavonoid glycosides, phytosterols, benzopyranones, lignin glucosides, megastigmane, phenolics, steroids, squalene, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated from A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. In vitro studies have confirmed the biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum which, include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, leishmanicidal, molluscicidal and cytotoxicity activities. More pharmacological studies including phytochemical, toxicological, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to provide evidence for the clinical effectiveness of remedies prepared from the species.
在非洲热带地区，有一种小乔木被用作传统药物。本文献综述综合了目前在药用、植物化学和生物活性方面的信息。通过大学图书馆和Google Scholar、Scopus、Web of Science、ScienceDirect和PubMed等电子搜索引擎，检索了A. laciniatum和A. membranaceum的药用、植物化学和生物活性等相关信息。传统上，该物种被用作壮阳药，传统药物用于咳嗽，夸氧营养不良，口腔溃疡，肺炎，预防流产，蛇咬伤，胃痛和伤口。各种植物化学物质，如精油、异黄酮苷、植物甾醇、苯并吡喃酮、木质素糖苷、大芪甲苷、酚类物质、类固醇、角鲨烯、萜类、三萜类和四氢异喹啉生物碱等，已从乳香草和膜草中分离出来。体外实验证实了两种植物的生物活性，包括抗菌、抗氧化、抗疟原虫、抗锥虫、杀利ishmanicus、杀软体动物和细胞毒活性。需要更多的药理学研究，包括植物化学、毒理学、体外和体内实验，为从该物种制备的药物的临床有效性提供证据。
{"title":"Review of Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Antidesma laciniatum and A. membranaceum -","authors":"A. Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.11","url":null,"abstract":"Antidesma laciniatum and A. membranaceum are small trees used as traditional medicines in tropical Africa. This extensive literature review synthesizes the information currently available on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. The university library and electronic search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were searched for pertinent information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. Traditionally, the species have been used as aphrodisiac, and traditional medicine for cough, kwashiorkor, mouth ulcers, pneumonia, prevent miscarriage, snakebites, stomachache and wounds. Various phytochemicals such as essential oils, isoflavonoid glycosides, phytosterols, benzopyranones, lignin glucosides, megastigmane, phenolics, steroids, squalene, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated from A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. In vitro studies have confirmed the biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum which, include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, leishmanicidal, molluscicidal and cytotoxicity activities. More pharmacological studies including phytochemical, toxicological, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to provide evidence for the clinical effectiveness of remedies prepared from the species.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"257-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81653435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.6
Alfred Maroyi
Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. is a perennial climber widely used as traditional medicine in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. mucronata. Documented information on medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. mucronata was collected from several online sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the University library. The articles published between 1962 and 2020 were used in this study. This study revealed that leaves, rhizome, roots and stems, and whole plant parts of C. mucronata are mainly used as traditional medicines for sexually transmitted infections, fever, swellings, headache, respiratory problems, snakebite, malaria, pregnancy problems and gastro-intestinal problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycerine, glycosides, phenolics, reducing sugars, resin, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenes. Pharmacological research revealed that C. mucronata extracts and alkaloids isolated from the species have antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, anti-ulcer, anti-androgenic, anti-steroidogenic, enzyme tyrosine kinase p56 inhibitory, hypoglycemic, larvicidal, molluscicidal, sedative, tocolytic, uterine relaxant and cytotoxicity activities. There is need for extensive toxicological evaluations of crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species since C. mucronata contains potentially toxic compounds
{"title":"A Synthesis and Review of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. (Menispermaceae)","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.6","url":null,"abstract":"Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. is a perennial climber widely used as traditional medicine in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. mucronata. Documented information on medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. mucronata was collected from several online sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the University library. The articles published between 1962 and 2020 were used in this study. This study revealed that leaves, rhizome, roots and stems, and whole plant parts of C. mucronata are mainly used as traditional medicines for sexually transmitted infections, fever, swellings, headache, respiratory problems, snakebite, malaria, pregnancy problems and gastro-intestinal problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycerine, glycosides, phenolics, reducing sugars, resin, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenes. Pharmacological research revealed that C. mucronata extracts and alkaloids isolated from the species have antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, anti-ulcer, anti-androgenic, anti-steroidogenic, enzyme tyrosine kinase p56 inhibitory, hypoglycemic, larvicidal, molluscicidal, sedative, tocolytic, uterine relaxant and cytotoxicity activities. There is need for extensive toxicological evaluations of crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species since C. mucronata contains potentially toxic compounds","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81718577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.9
Alfred Maroyi
Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms is a deciduous and ornamental tree with its different parts used traditionally to treat various diseases. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview and critical analysis of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of B. speciosus. The information presented in this study was gathered using various databases such as PubMed, Taylor and Francis imprints, Springer, NCBI, Google scholar and Science direct, and review of books, journal articles and other scientific publications kept in the university library. The articles published between 1933 and 2020 were used in this study. The bark, leaf and stem infusion of B. speciosus are mainly used for cleansing blood and as an emetic, and a traditional medicine for abdominal pains, kidney problems, sexually transmitted infections and stomach problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds and stem bark of B. speciosus include alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins. The biological activities exhibited by B. speciosus and the phytochemical compounds isolated from the species include anti-arthritic, antibacterial, antigonococcal, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Future research should focus on toxicological screening, in vivo studies and clinical trials involving the crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species.
Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms是一种落叶和观赏树木，其不同部位传统上用于治疗各种疾病。本文就其药用价值、植物化学和生物活性等方面进行综述和分析。本研究提供的信息是通过PubMed、Taylor and Francis imprints、Springer、NCBI、Google scholar和Science direct等数据库收集的，并查阅了大学图书馆保存的书籍、期刊文章和其他科学出版物。本研究使用了1933年至2020年间发表的文章。白桦的树皮、叶子和茎主要用于清洁血液和催吐剂，也是治疗腹痛、肾病、性传播感染和胃病的传统药物。从白杨的叶、根皮、根材、种子和茎皮中鉴定出的植物化学成分包括生物碱、精油、黄酮类化合物、酚类物质、皂苷和单宁。该植物具有抗关节炎、抗菌、抗淋球菌、抗真菌、抗hiv、抗炎和抗氧化活性。未来的研究应集中在毒理学筛选、体内研究和临床试验中，包括从该物种分离的粗提取物和植物化学化合物。
{"title":"A Review of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms (Fabaceae)","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.9","url":null,"abstract":"Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms is a deciduous and ornamental tree with its different parts used traditionally to treat various diseases. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview and critical analysis of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of B. speciosus. The information presented in this study was gathered using various databases such as PubMed, Taylor and Francis imprints, Springer, NCBI, Google scholar and Science direct, and review of books, journal articles and other scientific publications kept in the university library. The articles published between 1933 and 2020 were used in this study. The bark, leaf and stem infusion of B. speciosus are mainly used for cleansing blood and as an emetic, and a traditional medicine for abdominal pains, kidney problems, sexually transmitted infections and stomach problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds and stem bark of B. speciosus include alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins. The biological activities exhibited by B. speciosus and the phytochemical compounds isolated from the species include anti-arthritic, antibacterial, antigonococcal, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Future research should focus on toxicological screening, in vivo studies and clinical trials involving the crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73100310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.5
A. Ismail, N. Shahidan, N. Mat, Rashid M. Othman
This study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (control, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00 mM) on carotenoids and chlorophyll content and its retinol activity equivalents (RAE) value in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves. In this study, 12 seedlings of Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis were sprayed with different concentrations of SA. Carotenoid content was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and chlorophyll content was determined using chlorophyll meter. Retinol activity equivalents were calculated using RAE formulation. From the results obtained, two types of carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, were detected in HPLC. The highest lutein and β-carotene content present in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves extract was found in 0.10 mM SA treatment (93.50 ± 0.71 μg/g DW) for lutein and (282.00 ± 46.67 μg/g DW) for βcarotene, while the lowest lutein compound was found in 1.00 mM SA treatment (30.25 ± 1.77 μg/g DW) while the least β-carotenoid content was found in (1.00 mM SA) treatment (63.00 ± 0.71 μg/g DW). The same goes for retinol activity equivalents, the highest retinol activity equivalents was recorded in 0.10 mM SA treatment while lowest in 1.00 mM SA treatment. For chlorophyll content, the highest reading was showed in 0.10 mM SA treatment (73.50 ± 0.71 μg/g DW) while the lowest reading was in 1.00mM SA treatment (42.10 ± 1.41 μg/g DW). From this study, it can be concluded that salicylic acid at a certain concentration could increase or improve the carotenoid or chlorophyll content. Thus, it could be an alternative source of carotenoid and chlorophyll for the food and pharmaceutical industry in the future.
本试验研究了不同浓度水杨酸(SA)(对照、0.01、0.10、1.00 mM)对枫叶类胡萝卜素、叶绿素含量及其视黄醇活性当量(RAE)值的影响。本试验以12株龙冈榕(Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trenganuensis)幼苗为试验材料，喷施不同浓度的SA。采用高效液相色谱法测定类胡萝卜素含量，叶绿素计测定叶绿素含量。使用RAE公式计算视黄醇活性当量。HPLC法测定了叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素两种类胡萝卜素的含量。叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量最高的是0.10 mM SA处理的叶黄素(93.50±0.71 μg/g DW)和β-胡萝卜素(282.00±46.67 μg/g DW)，叶黄素化合物含量最低的是1.00 mM SA处理的叶黄素(30.25±1.77 μg/g DW)，类β-胡萝卜素含量最低的是(1.00 mM SA)处理的叶黄素(63.00±0.71 μg/g DW)。视黄醇活性当量同样如此，在0.10 mM SA处理下视黄醇活性当量最高，而在1.00 mM SA处理下视黄醇活性当量最低。叶绿素含量以0.10 mM SA处理最高(73.50±0.71 μg/g DW)， 1.00mM SA处理最低(42.10±1.41 μg/g DW)。从本研究可以得出，一定浓度的水杨酸可以增加或改善类胡萝卜素或叶绿素含量。因此，它可能是未来食品和制药工业中类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的替代来源。
{"title":"Effect of Salicylic Acid on Carotenoids and Chlorophyll Content in Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis) Leaves and its Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE)","authors":"A. Ismail, N. Shahidan, N. Mat, Rashid M. Othman","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (control, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00 mM) on carotenoids and chlorophyll content and its retinol activity equivalents (RAE) value in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves. In this study, 12 seedlings of Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis were sprayed with different concentrations of SA. Carotenoid content was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and chlorophyll content was determined using chlorophyll meter. Retinol activity equivalents were calculated using RAE formulation. From the results obtained, two types of carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, were detected in HPLC. The highest lutein and β-carotene content present in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves extract was found in 0.10 mM SA treatment (93.50 ± 0.71 μg/g DW) for lutein and (282.00 ± 46.67 μg/g DW) for βcarotene, while the lowest lutein compound was found in 1.00 mM SA treatment (30.25 ± 1.77 μg/g DW) while the least β-carotenoid content was found in (1.00 mM SA) treatment (63.00 ± 0.71 μg/g DW). The same goes for retinol activity equivalents, the highest retinol activity equivalents was recorded in 0.10 mM SA treatment while lowest in 1.00 mM SA treatment. For chlorophyll content, the highest reading was showed in 0.10 mM SA treatment (73.50 ± 0.71 μg/g DW) while the lowest reading was in 1.00mM SA treatment (42.10 ± 1.41 μg/g DW). From this study, it can be concluded that salicylic acid at a certain concentration could increase or improve the carotenoid or chlorophyll content. Thus, it could be an alternative source of carotenoid and chlorophyll for the food and pharmaceutical industry in the future.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87984441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.15
Alfred Maroyi
Centrapalus pauciflorus is a herbaceous plant that is used as a traditional medicine and a source of epoxidised oil. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of C. pauciflorus. Documented information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of C. pauciflorus was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, these, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study showed that the leaves and epoxidised oil of C. pauciflorus are used as traditional medicines for external injury, wounds, diabetes, chest pains, eye infections, stomach problems and skin infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include coumarins, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyuronoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Pharmacological research revealed that C. pauciflorus extracts and compounds isolated from the species have analgesic, anti-dermatitis, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, insecticide, larvicidal and sedative activities. Centrapalus pauciflorus should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.
{"title":"Centrapalus pauciflorus: Review of its Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties -","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.15","url":null,"abstract":"Centrapalus pauciflorus is a herbaceous plant that is used as a traditional medicine and a source of epoxidised oil. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of C. pauciflorus. Documented information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of C. pauciflorus was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, these, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study showed that the leaves and epoxidised oil of C. pauciflorus are used as traditional medicines for external injury, wounds, diabetes, chest pains, eye infections, stomach problems and skin infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include coumarins, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyuronoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Pharmacological research revealed that C. pauciflorus extracts and compounds isolated from the species have analgesic, anti-dermatitis, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, insecticide, larvicidal and sedative activities. Centrapalus pauciflorus should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84308084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.14
Alfred Maroyi
Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms is a climber or liane widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. Adenia gummifera occurs naturally in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera. Documented information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Additional information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications sourced from the university library. This study showed that the species is widely used as an emetic and a protective charm, and, as traditional medicine for infertility, sexually transmitted infections, gastro-intestinal infections, leprosy, respiratory infections, malaria and menstrual problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include polyacetylenic diepoxide, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonol, modeccin, proanthocyanidins, tetraphyllin, phenolics, polyphenol and tannins. Pharmacological research revealed that A. gummifera extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI), anaesthetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities. Future research on A. gummifera should focus on detailed phytochemical evaluations including toxicological, in vivo and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medical applications of the species.
{"title":"Evaluation of Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms -","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.14","url":null,"abstract":"Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms is a climber or liane widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. Adenia gummifera occurs naturally in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera. Documented information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Additional information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications sourced from the university library. This study showed that the species is widely used as an emetic and a protective charm, and, as traditional medicine for infertility, sexually transmitted infections, gastro-intestinal infections, leprosy, respiratory infections, malaria and menstrual problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include polyacetylenic diepoxide, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonol, modeccin, proanthocyanidins, tetraphyllin, phenolics, polyphenol and tannins. Pharmacological research revealed that A. gummifera extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI), anaesthetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities. Future research on A. gummifera should focus on detailed phytochemical evaluations including toxicological, in vivo and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medical applications of the species.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78689884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.5
Alfred Maroyi
Baccharoides lasiopus is a woody shrub widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. lasiopus. Documented information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. lasiopus was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the university library. The articles published between 1971 and 2020 were used in this study. This study showed that the leaves, roots, stems, whole plant parts, root and stem bark of B. lasiopus are widely used as galactagogue, purgative and anthelmintic, and traditional medicine for headache, liver diseases, skin diseases, respiratory infections, malaria, augment labour, convulsions, epilepsy, fainting, female reproductive problems, and gastro-intestinal problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include elemanolide type sesquiterpene lactones, alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and xanthines. Pharmacological research revealed that B. lasiopus extracts and compounds isolated from the species have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, haematological, hepatoprotective, hepatotoxicity, larvicidal, and cytotoxicity activities. Future research on B. lasiopus should focus on the possible biochemical mechanisms of action of both the crude extracts and identified phytochemical compounds including toxicological, in vivo, and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medical applications of the species.
{"title":"Baccharoides lasiopus: Review of its Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties -","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.5","url":null,"abstract":"Baccharoides lasiopus is a woody shrub widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. lasiopus. Documented information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. lasiopus was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the university library. The articles published between 1971 and 2020 were used in this study. This study showed that the leaves, roots, stems, whole plant parts, root and stem bark of B. lasiopus are widely used as galactagogue, purgative and anthelmintic, and traditional medicine for headache, liver diseases, skin diseases, respiratory infections, malaria, augment labour, convulsions, epilepsy, fainting, female reproductive problems, and gastro-intestinal problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include elemanolide type sesquiterpene lactones, alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and xanthines. Pharmacological research revealed that B. lasiopus extracts and compounds isolated from the species have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, haematological, hepatoprotective, hepatotoxicity, larvicidal, and cytotoxicity activities. Future research on B. lasiopus should focus on the possible biochemical mechanisms of action of both the crude extracts and identified phytochemical compounds including toxicological, in vivo, and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medical applications of the species.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79587893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.3
Alfred Maroyi
Cladostemon kirkii (Oliv.) Pax & Gilg is a shrub or a small tree widely used as traditional medicine in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at evaluating the chemical properties, biological activities and ethnomedicinal uses of C. kirkii. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. The articles published between 1960 and 2019 were used in this study. This study revealed that the bark, leaf, root and stem infusion and/or decoction of C. kirkii are mainly used as traditional medicines for boils, colds, gastro-intestinal problems, hypertension, ophthalmia, rheumatism, sexual dysfunction, abdominal pains, sexually transmitted infections, sores and wounds. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include mearnsitrin, myricitrin, kaempferol-5-rhamnoside, kaempferin, kaempferol 3-gluco-7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3,7-dirhamnoside, quercetin 3-gluco-7-rhamnoside, choline, 3-hydroxyprolinebetaine and tetramethylammonium. Cladostemon kirkii should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.
{"title":"Evaluation of Chemical Properties, Biological Activities and Ethnomedicinal uses of Cladostemon kirkii -","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.05.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cladostemon kirkii (Oliv.) Pax & Gilg is a shrub or a small tree widely used as traditional medicine in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at evaluating the chemical properties, biological activities and ethnomedicinal uses of C. kirkii. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. The articles published between 1960 and 2019 were used in this study. This study revealed that the bark, leaf, root and stem infusion and/or decoction of C. kirkii are mainly used as traditional medicines for boils, colds, gastro-intestinal problems, hypertension, ophthalmia, rheumatism, sexual dysfunction, abdominal pains, sexually transmitted infections, sores and wounds. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include mearnsitrin, myricitrin, kaempferol-5-rhamnoside, kaempferin, kaempferol 3-gluco-7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3,7-dirhamnoside, quercetin 3-gluco-7-rhamnoside, choline, 3-hydroxyprolinebetaine and tetramethylammonium. Cladostemon kirkii should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72883226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-05DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.6
R. Othman, F. Hatta, N. Hassan, Suhair Kammona
The most essential carotenoids for humans are found in plants that are normally yellow, orange, and red coloured pigments. They are typically and mostly lipophilic in nature, but some unique plant species may yield watersoluble carotenoids. Saffron or Crocus sativus contains hydrophilic carotenoids named crocin. Thus, this paper will describe the extraction and characterization of hydrophilic and lipophilic carotenoids (colour properties) obtained from saffrons of different geographical origins. They are specifically the Iranian, Turkish, and Kashmiri saffron respectively. Maceration techniques have been employed to extract the targeted compounds, whereas the characterization of the compounds has been analysed using HPLC. The extraction and characterization of carotenoids in saffron from different geographical origins found that the amount of crocin content was substantially higher in Iranian saffron, which was 11414.67 ± 516.34 μg/g DW followed by Turkish and Kashmiri saffron. Lipohilic carotenoids (i.e. crocetin, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin) were detectable in Iranian and Turkish saffron but absent in Kashmiri saffron. Similarly, the highest amount of crocetin content was found in Iranian saffron at 1054.73 ± 50.31 μg/g DW, while the highest amount of β-carotene and zeaxanthin was found in Turkish saffron at 512.92 ± 79.98 μg/g DW and 252.04 ± 60.34 μg/g DW, respectively. There was a marked difference in carotenoid composition sourced from different localities. Various environmental factors like climatic conditions, agricultural practices, stigma separation, and storing and drying processes may play an important role to explain such difference
{"title":"Characterization of Carotenoids Content and Composition of Saffron from Different Localities","authors":"R. Othman, F. Hatta, N. Hassan, Suhair Kammona","doi":"10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"The most essential carotenoids for humans are found in plants that are normally yellow, orange, and red \u0000coloured pigments. They are typically and mostly lipophilic in nature, but some unique plant species may yield watersoluble carotenoids. Saffron or Crocus sativus contains hydrophilic carotenoids named crocin. Thus, this paper will \u0000describe the extraction and characterization of hydrophilic and lipophilic carotenoids (colour properties) obtained from \u0000saffrons of different geographical origins. They are specifically the Iranian, Turkish, and Kashmiri saffron respectively. Maceration techniques have been employed to extract the targeted compounds, whereas the characterization of the compounds has been analysed using HPLC. The extraction and characterization of carotenoids in saffron from different geographical origins found that the amount of crocin content was substantially higher in Iranian saffron, which was 11414.67 ± 516.34 μg/g DW followed by Turkish and Kashmiri saffron. Lipohilic carotenoids (i.e. crocetin, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin) were detectable in Iranian and Turkish saffron but absent in Kashmiri saffron. Similarly, the highest amount of crocetin content was found in Iranian saffron at 1054.73 ± 50.31 μg/g DW, while the highest amount of β-carotene and zeaxanthin was found in Turkish saffron at 512.92 ± 79.98 μg/g DW and 252.04 ± 60.34 μg/g DW, respectively. There was a marked difference in carotenoid composition sourced from different localities. Various environmental factors like climatic conditions, agricultural practices, stigma separation, and storing and drying processes may play an important role to explain such difference","PeriodicalId":16959,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80148263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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