Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_25_19
Y. El Atki, I. Aouam, A. Taroq, Fatima El Kamari, M. Timinouni, B. Lyoussi, A. Abdellaoui
Bacterial resistance to classic antibiotics is an alarming rate to put this into control with the use of natural products of plant derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical of cinnamon essential oil (EO) and to evaluate its antibacterial activity alone and in combination with some main components of EOs such as thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, or geraniol against three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The phytochemical analysis of cinnamon EO was evaluated using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. The antibacterial activity of tested compounds was determined by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The checkerboard method was used to quantify the efficacy of cinnamon EO in combination with those compounds. The results showed that the major compound in the cinnamon EO was trans-cinnamaldehyde (91.01%). Cinnamon oil was the highest antibacterial activity with MIC of 0.005, 0.005, and 0.02 mg/mL against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Synergistic activity was shown only against S. aureus by the combination of cinnamon EO and thymol. The additive effect was found against E. coli when cinnamon EO was combined with thymol or carvacrol, and against S. aureus when cinnamon EO was combined with carvacrol. However, the combination of EO and thymol or carvacrol showed an indifference action against P. aeruginosa. The combination of cinnamon EO with thymol or carvacrol can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for medical application and as a natural preservative.
{"title":"Antibacterial effect of combination of cinnamon essential oil and thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, or geraniol","authors":"Y. El Atki, I. Aouam, A. Taroq, Fatima El Kamari, M. Timinouni, B. Lyoussi, A. Abdellaoui","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_25_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_25_19","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial resistance to classic antibiotics is an alarming rate to put this into control with the use of natural products of plant derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical of cinnamon essential oil (EO) and to evaluate its antibacterial activity alone and in combination with some main components of EOs such as thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, or geraniol against three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The phytochemical analysis of cinnamon EO was evaluated using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. The antibacterial activity of tested compounds was determined by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The checkerboard method was used to quantify the efficacy of cinnamon EO in combination with those compounds. The results showed that the major compound in the cinnamon EO was trans-cinnamaldehyde (91.01%). Cinnamon oil was the highest antibacterial activity with MIC of 0.005, 0.005, and 0.02 mg/mL against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Synergistic activity was shown only against S. aureus by the combination of cinnamon EO and thymol. The additive effect was found against E. coli when cinnamon EO was combined with thymol or carvacrol, and against S. aureus when cinnamon EO was combined with carvacrol. However, the combination of EO and thymol or carvacrol showed an indifference action against P. aeruginosa. The combination of cinnamon EO with thymol or carvacrol can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for medical application and as a natural preservative.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"104 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43280821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_17_19
Zahra Nazemosadat Arsanjani, Hamed Etemadfard, M. Moein
Background: Hydrosols of Mentha species are a common beverage among Iranians. The product quality may differ depending on the type of material used and the distillation process. However, despite the many investigations on the chemical composition of different mint essential oils, the co-produced hydrosols have rarely been evaluated. Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the chemical composition of 10 mint hydrosol samples purchased from local markets of Fars province, Iran, to Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata authentic hydrosols. Materials and Methods: Essential oils of the samples were extracted via liquid–liquid extraction by petroleum ether and analyzed using gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrosols were then clustered based on their components. Results and Conclusion: Approximately 91.3%–100% of the components and overall 31 constituents were identified with the majority of oxygenated monoterpenes. Menthol, (R)-(−)-carvone, and piperitenone were the three different major compounds in the market samples. High percentages of menthol and carvone in many samples suggest that each product could be biologically active, and moreover, could be a valuable water-soluble source of their constituents. However, lack of chemical evaluation and standardization in this industry leads to inconsistency in quality and undermines the credibility of the industry.
{"title":"Comparative chemical evaluation of commercially available mint hydrosols produced in Fars province, Iran","authors":"Zahra Nazemosadat Arsanjani, Hamed Etemadfard, M. Moein","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_17_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_17_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hydrosols of Mentha species are a common beverage among Iranians. The product quality may differ depending on the type of material used and the distillation process. However, despite the many investigations on the chemical composition of different mint essential oils, the co-produced hydrosols have rarely been evaluated. Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the chemical composition of 10 mint hydrosol samples purchased from local markets of Fars province, Iran, to Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata authentic hydrosols. Materials and Methods: Essential oils of the samples were extracted via liquid–liquid extraction by petroleum ether and analyzed using gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrosols were then clustered based on their components. Results and Conclusion: Approximately 91.3%–100% of the components and overall 31 constituents were identified with the majority of oxygenated monoterpenes. Menthol, (R)-(−)-carvone, and piperitenone were the three different major compounds in the market samples. High percentages of menthol and carvone in many samples suggest that each product could be biologically active, and moreover, could be a valuable water-soluble source of their constituents. However, lack of chemical evaluation and standardization in this industry leads to inconsistency in quality and undermines the credibility of the industry.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"52 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_59_19
Abhishek Thakur, P. Singh, S. Biswal, Navneet Kumar, C. Jha, Gurvinder Singh, C. Kaur, Sheetu Wadhwa, R. Kumar
Majority of drugs are usually introduced through oral or intra-venous route for fast action, better patient compliance and ease of drug administration. However, the low bioavailability and limited brain exposure of orally administered drugs pose a huge challenge to treat neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. So, the situation demands for targeting the drug to brain. For brain targeting, a number of factors are considered viz. molecular weight, route of administration, lipophilic character of drug and blood brain barrier (BBB). These factors limit the movement of drug into brain tissue through BBB. To overcome these problems, intranasal drug administration is one of the promising routes that bypasses BBB and cuts down the dose to be administered with better brain exposure to drug. Nasal route has been used for the administration of antihistamines, local analgesics and corticosteroids intended for local drug delivery in nasal allergy, nasal congestion and nasal infection. However, systemic drug delivery through this route has also been explored in recent times. For nose to brain drug delivery, olfactory and respiratory region are utilized which also enable delivery of larger molecules to reach brain tissues. Such delivery systems are generally pH or temperature dependent. Certain diseases of nervous system like migraine, dementia, parkinsonism, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease can be successfully treated through this route. This review attempts to highlight the anatomy of nose, mechanisms of drug delivery from nose to brain, critical factors in the formulation of delivery systems, nasal formulations and applications of nasal route for delivery of various drugs.
{"title":"Drug delivery through nose: A noninvasive technique for brain targeting","authors":"Abhishek Thakur, P. Singh, S. Biswal, Navneet Kumar, C. Jha, Gurvinder Singh, C. Kaur, Sheetu Wadhwa, R. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_59_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_59_19","url":null,"abstract":"Majority of drugs are usually introduced through oral or intra-venous route for fast action, better patient compliance and ease of drug administration. However, the low bioavailability and limited brain exposure of orally administered drugs pose a huge challenge to treat neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. So, the situation demands for targeting the drug to brain. For brain targeting, a number of factors are considered viz. molecular weight, route of administration, lipophilic character of drug and blood brain barrier (BBB). These factors limit the movement of drug into brain tissue through BBB. To overcome these problems, intranasal drug administration is one of the promising routes that bypasses BBB and cuts down the dose to be administered with better brain exposure to drug. Nasal route has been used for the administration of antihistamines, local analgesics and corticosteroids intended for local drug delivery in nasal allergy, nasal congestion and nasal infection. However, systemic drug delivery through this route has also been explored in recent times. For nose to brain drug delivery, olfactory and respiratory region are utilized which also enable delivery of larger molecules to reach brain tissues. Such delivery systems are generally pH or temperature dependent. Certain diseases of nervous system like migraine, dementia, parkinsonism, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease can be successfully treated through this route. This review attempts to highlight the anatomy of nose, mechanisms of drug delivery from nose to brain, critical factors in the formulation of delivery systems, nasal formulations and applications of nasal route for delivery of various drugs.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"168 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_53_19
Elias Adikwu, B. Bokolo, J. Kemelayefa
Context: Hepatotoxicity is a therapeutic predicament that affects the clinical use of cisplatin (CPT). Ipomoea aquatica is traditionally used for the treatment of some diseases. This study examined the protective effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica (EEIA) against CPT-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four adult male albino rats randomized into nine groups (six rats in each group) were treated orally with EEIA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) daily for 7 days and CPT (6 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 5 and 7, respectively. On day 8, the rats were anesthetized; blood samples were collected and evaluated for plasma liver function markers. Liver samples were harvested and evaluated for biochemical parameters and histology. Statistical Analysis: Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Results: CPT-induced hepatotoxicity was characterized by significant (P < 0.001) elevations in liver and plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin when compared to control. The alterations in liver redox status of CPT-treated rats were marked by significant (P < 0.001) decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant (P < 0.001) increases in malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. The liver of CPT-treated rat was characterized by hepatocyte necrosis. The hepatotoxic effect of CPT was significantly abrogated in a dose-dependent fashion in rats pretreated with EEIA 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05), 200 mg/kg (P < 0.01), and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) when compared to CPT-treated rats. Conclusion: EEIA has potential as treatment for CPT-induced hepatotoxicity.
{"title":"Ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk abrogates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats","authors":"Elias Adikwu, B. Bokolo, J. Kemelayefa","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_53_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_53_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Hepatotoxicity is a therapeutic predicament that affects the clinical use of cisplatin (CPT). Ipomoea aquatica is traditionally used for the treatment of some diseases. This study examined the protective effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica (EEIA) against CPT-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four adult male albino rats randomized into nine groups (six rats in each group) were treated orally with EEIA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) daily for 7 days and CPT (6 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 5 and 7, respectively. On day 8, the rats were anesthetized; blood samples were collected and evaluated for plasma liver function markers. Liver samples were harvested and evaluated for biochemical parameters and histology. Statistical Analysis: Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Results: CPT-induced hepatotoxicity was characterized by significant (P < 0.001) elevations in liver and plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin when compared to control. The alterations in liver redox status of CPT-treated rats were marked by significant (P < 0.001) decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant (P < 0.001) increases in malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. The liver of CPT-treated rat was characterized by hepatocyte necrosis. The hepatotoxic effect of CPT was significantly abrogated in a dose-dependent fashion in rats pretreated with EEIA 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05), 200 mg/kg (P < 0.01), and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) when compared to CPT-treated rats. Conclusion: EEIA has potential as treatment for CPT-induced hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"25 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45308220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Verbascum species showed various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiulcerogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate cytotoxicity of different fractions of Verbascum alceoides, which belongs to this genus. Materials and Methods: Aerial parts of this plant were collected from Doveiseh area in Kordestan province. The plant was extracted using a four-step extraction method with increasing solvent polarity (i.e., hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform-methanol [9:1], and methanol). The methanol extract was finally separated between water and butanol. Hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform-methanol, butanol, and aqueous partitions were then subjected to cytotoxicity evaluation. Showing the most potent cytotoxic effects, the butanolic partition was further fractionated by medium-performance liquid chromatography and similar eluates were pooled to prepare five final butanolic fractions, named A–E. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity of these fractions against human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Fractions D, E, and A showed a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 30, 39.8, and 188.6 µg/mL, respectively). According to the preliminary thin-layer chromatography analysis, these cytotoxic effects may be mainly due to presence of saponin and flavonoid compounds. Conclusion: Future studies will be aimed to isolate and purify active constituents and investigate the effect of them on more different kinds of cancer cells.
{"title":"In vitro cytotoxic activity of Verbascum alceoides against cervix carcinoma cells","authors":"Masoud Sadeghi Dinani, Samin Malakooti, Vajihe Akbari","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_65_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_65_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Verbascum species showed various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiulcerogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate cytotoxicity of different fractions of Verbascum alceoides, which belongs to this genus. Materials and Methods: Aerial parts of this plant were collected from Doveiseh area in Kordestan province. The plant was extracted using a four-step extraction method with increasing solvent polarity (i.e., hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform-methanol [9:1], and methanol). The methanol extract was finally separated between water and butanol. Hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform-methanol, butanol, and aqueous partitions were then subjected to cytotoxicity evaluation. Showing the most potent cytotoxic effects, the butanolic partition was further fractionated by medium-performance liquid chromatography and similar eluates were pooled to prepare five final butanolic fractions, named A–E. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity of these fractions against human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Fractions D, E, and A showed a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 30, 39.8, and 188.6 µg/mL, respectively). According to the preliminary thin-layer chromatography analysis, these cytotoxic effects may be mainly due to presence of saponin and flavonoid compounds. Conclusion: Future studies will be aimed to isolate and purify active constituents and investigate the effect of them on more different kinds of cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"19 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49378181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_74_19
S. Ala, A. Kamali, Razieh Avan
Background: In hospitalized patients, the most common used drugs are antibiotics. Programs designed to rational use of antibiotics improve the quality of care and infection management, and reduce costs. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the rational use of clindamycin in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran. All hospitalized patients who received clindamycin were included. Patient’s demographic, duration of use and dose of clindamycin therapy, and other concomitant antibiotics were collected from patients’ medical records. Rational clindamycin prescribing was evaluated based on recommendations of UpToDate software, version 21.6, Waltham, MA, United States. Analysis of data was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 16.0. Results: A total of 607 patients receiving clindamycin during 15 months of study were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 51.51 ± 15.92 years (range: 16–87 years). The most hospitalized patients receiving clindamycin were in internal ward (86%). The most frequently coadministered antibiotics with clindamycin were third-generation cephalosporins (47.9%). The majority of patients admitted in the winter (40.4%). The most frequently primary and final diagnosis in patients receiving clindamycin was reported pneumonia, respectively, 33.1% and 32.1%. Indication, dose, and duration of clindamycin were appropriate in 583 (96%), 277(47.5%), and 208 (35.7%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: The rate of incorrect dose and duration of clindamycin in our hospital were significantly high. Also, the majority of its prescription were as off-label indications. Programs for more justified administration of clindamycin to improve quality of care and decrease antibacterial resistance and cost are necessary.
{"title":"Clindamycin stewardship: An opportunity for hospitalized patients in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran","authors":"S. Ala, A. Kamali, Razieh Avan","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_74_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_74_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In hospitalized patients, the most common used drugs are antibiotics. Programs designed to rational use of antibiotics improve the quality of care and infection management, and reduce costs. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the rational use of clindamycin in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran. All hospitalized patients who received clindamycin were included. Patient’s demographic, duration of use and dose of clindamycin therapy, and other concomitant antibiotics were collected from patients’ medical records. Rational clindamycin prescribing was evaluated based on recommendations of UpToDate software, version 21.6, Waltham, MA, United States. Analysis of data was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 16.0. Results: A total of 607 patients receiving clindamycin during 15 months of study were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 51.51 ± 15.92 years (range: 16–87 years). The most hospitalized patients receiving clindamycin were in internal ward (86%). The most frequently coadministered antibiotics with clindamycin were third-generation cephalosporins (47.9%). The majority of patients admitted in the winter (40.4%). The most frequently primary and final diagnosis in patients receiving clindamycin was reported pneumonia, respectively, 33.1% and 32.1%. Indication, dose, and duration of clindamycin were appropriate in 583 (96%), 277(47.5%), and 208 (35.7%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: The rate of incorrect dose and duration of clindamycin in our hospital were significantly high. Also, the majority of its prescription were as off-label indications. Programs for more justified administration of clindamycin to improve quality of care and decrease antibacterial resistance and cost are necessary.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"73 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_110_19
Anjali Polker, Y. Padmavathi, Ravindra Kumar, N. Babu
Introduction: New analytical and bioanalytical methods were developed for the estimation of Ivabradine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Objective: The primary objective of the study is to develop a new RP-HPLC method for estimation of Ivabradine Hydrochloride in pure and formulation and to develop a bioanalytical method for analysis of Ivabradine Hydrochloride in biological samples. The methods were validated as per International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and USFDA guidelines respectively. Methods: In Reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method developed telmisartan is the internal standard used. After liquid–liquid extraction, the analyte and the internal standard were chromatographed on Waters 125A (10 µ, 300 × 3.9 mm) C18 column using 20-µL injection volume with a run time of 15 min. An isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer pH 7.8 (60:40% vol/vol) is used to separate drug and internal standard. In Spectrophotometric bioanalytical method developed for the estimation of ivabradine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. The solvent system used is absolute methanol and detected at the wavelength of 287 nm. The solvent system used is absolute methanol and detected at the wavelength of 287 nm. Results: The Analytical method is validated according to ICH guidelines over the range of 2–16 μg/ mL, showing accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. For Bioanalytical method the linearity is established in the range of 500–3500 ng/mL with the regression coefficient of r2 = 0.9994. The validated spectrophotometric method is used successfully to study ivabradine hydrochloride in rat plasma and also quantitative determination in marketed tablets. Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the quantitation of ivabradine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form with good recovery and reproducibility.
{"title":"Quantitative bioanalytical and analytical methods for estimation of ivabradine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form","authors":"Anjali Polker, Y. Padmavathi, Ravindra Kumar, N. Babu","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_110_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_110_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: New analytical and bioanalytical methods were developed for the estimation of Ivabradine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Objective: The primary objective of the study is to develop a new RP-HPLC method for estimation of Ivabradine Hydrochloride in pure and formulation and to develop a bioanalytical method for analysis of Ivabradine Hydrochloride in biological samples. The methods were validated as per International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and USFDA guidelines respectively. Methods: In Reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method developed telmisartan is the internal standard used. After liquid–liquid extraction, the analyte and the internal standard were chromatographed on Waters 125A (10 µ, 300 × 3.9 mm) C18 column using 20-µL injection volume with a run time of 15 min. An isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer pH 7.8 (60:40% vol/vol) is used to separate drug and internal standard. In Spectrophotometric bioanalytical method developed for the estimation of ivabradine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. The solvent system used is absolute methanol and detected at the wavelength of 287 nm. The solvent system used is absolute methanol and detected at the wavelength of 287 nm. Results: The Analytical method is validated according to ICH guidelines over the range of 2–16 μg/ mL, showing accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. For Bioanalytical method the linearity is established in the range of 500–3500 ng/mL with the regression coefficient of r2 = 0.9994. The validated spectrophotometric method is used successfully to study ivabradine hydrochloride in rat plasma and also quantitative determination in marketed tablets. Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the quantitation of ivabradine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form with good recovery and reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43681458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_50_19
Shreya Palwankar, P. Kale, Pramod Kadu, K. Prabhavalkar
Background: Murraya koenigii is a well-known curry leaf tree. Its leaves are used as a spice in food recipe in India. Its related antidiabetic activity is attributed to alpha glucosidase activity of carbazole alkaloids. The proanthocyanidins present in Vitis vinifera contribute to its hyperglycemic activity through antioxidant effect and preservation of β-cell function. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to assess antidiabetic effect of the combination of M. koenigii leaves extract and V. vinifera seeds extract. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 animals were randomly selected for the study and were divided in six different groups: control group, alloxan (130 mg/kg; intraperitoneal [i.p.]) treated group, alloxan (130 mg/kg) treatment + M. koenigii leaves extract (300 mg/kg; per oral [p.o.]) treated group, alloxan (130 mg/kg) i.p. treatment + V. vinifera seeds extract (200 mg/kg; p.o.) treated group, alloxan (130 mg/kg) + M. koenigii leaves extract (150 mg/kg; p.o.) treatment + V. vinifera seeds extract (100 mg/kg; p.o.) treated group, and alloxan (130 mg/kg) treatment + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg; i.p.) treated group. Treatment was given for 21 days after induction of diabetes. Result: The combination treated group showed a significant reduction in serum glucose levels when compared to individual test extracts. It also attenuated the elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in diabetic rats as compared with the healthy controls. The combination treatment showed reversal of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (P < 0.001) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (P < 0.001) levels. It also significantly decreased cholesterol level to near normalcy (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest additive antidiabetic effect of the combination of M. koenigii leaves extract and V. vinifera seeds extract.
{"title":"Assessment of antidiabetic activity of combination of Murraya koenigii leaves extract and Vitis vinifera seeds extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Shreya Palwankar, P. Kale, Pramod Kadu, K. Prabhavalkar","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_50_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_50_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Murraya koenigii is a well-known curry leaf tree. Its leaves are used as a spice in food recipe in India. Its related antidiabetic activity is attributed to alpha glucosidase activity of carbazole alkaloids. The proanthocyanidins present in Vitis vinifera contribute to its hyperglycemic activity through antioxidant effect and preservation of β-cell function. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to assess antidiabetic effect of the combination of M. koenigii leaves extract and V. vinifera seeds extract. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 animals were randomly selected for the study and were divided in six different groups: control group, alloxan (130 mg/kg; intraperitoneal [i.p.]) treated group, alloxan (130 mg/kg) treatment + M. koenigii leaves extract (300 mg/kg; per oral [p.o.]) treated group, alloxan (130 mg/kg) i.p. treatment + V. vinifera seeds extract (200 mg/kg; p.o.) treated group, alloxan (130 mg/kg) + M. koenigii leaves extract (150 mg/kg; p.o.) treatment + V. vinifera seeds extract (100 mg/kg; p.o.) treated group, and alloxan (130 mg/kg) treatment + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg; i.p.) treated group. Treatment was given for 21 days after induction of diabetes. Result: The combination treated group showed a significant reduction in serum glucose levels when compared to individual test extracts. It also attenuated the elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in diabetic rats as compared with the healthy controls. The combination treatment showed reversal of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (P < 0.001) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (P < 0.001) levels. It also significantly decreased cholesterol level to near normalcy (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest additive antidiabetic effect of the combination of M. koenigii leaves extract and V. vinifera seeds extract.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"79 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46414037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_73_19
Romina Hamedooni-Asl, F. Sajedi, Y. Mohammadi, Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili, Ehsan Mirzaei, A. Eshraghi, M. Mehrpooya
Context: Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide, especially in the Middle Eastern region. Although various dosing regimens of vitamin D have been used for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, it is still unclear as to which dosing regimen can efficiently increase the serum level of vitamin D in different patient population. Aim: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of weekly and daily regimens of vitamin D3 in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Settings and Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in the autumn and winter of 2016 and 2017, Hamadan, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients with moderate to severe hypovitaminosis D were allocated into two groups: weekly 50,000 IU (routine recommended dose for vitamin deficiency treatment) or daily 4,000 IU (safe upper limit dose of vitamin D per day) of oral vitamin D3 for 8 and 14 weeks, respectively. The serum levels of 25-OH-vitamin D were measured in all patients at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Results: Results of this study showed that though both dosing regimens can be effective in increasing the serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D, higher percentage of the subjects in the daily regimen group achieved the sufficient serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D when compared to the weekly regimen group. Conclusion: Accordingly, probably owing to better bioavailability of daily regimen of vitamin D3 and establishment of a more steady serum concentration compared with weekly regimen, it can be recommended as the preferred dosing regimen for effective treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
{"title":"Daily oral vitamin D3 regimen in similar cumulative doses is more effective than weekly oral vitamin D3 regimen in patients with vitamin D deficiency","authors":"Romina Hamedooni-Asl, F. Sajedi, Y. Mohammadi, Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili, Ehsan Mirzaei, A. Eshraghi, M. Mehrpooya","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_73_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_73_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide, especially in the Middle Eastern region. Although various dosing regimens of vitamin D have been used for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, it is still unclear as to which dosing regimen can efficiently increase the serum level of vitamin D in different patient population. Aim: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of weekly and daily regimens of vitamin D3 in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Settings and Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in the autumn and winter of 2016 and 2017, Hamadan, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients with moderate to severe hypovitaminosis D were allocated into two groups: weekly 50,000 IU (routine recommended dose for vitamin deficiency treatment) or daily 4,000 IU (safe upper limit dose of vitamin D per day) of oral vitamin D3 for 8 and 14 weeks, respectively. The serum levels of 25-OH-vitamin D were measured in all patients at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Results: Results of this study showed that though both dosing regimens can be effective in increasing the serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D, higher percentage of the subjects in the daily regimen group achieved the sufficient serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D when compared to the weekly regimen group. Conclusion: Accordingly, probably owing to better bioavailability of daily regimen of vitamin D3 and establishment of a more steady serum concentration compared with weekly regimen, it can be recommended as the preferred dosing regimen for effective treatment of vitamin D deficiency.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"110 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46509126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_68_19
A. Safar, A. Ghafoor, D. Dastan
Background: Over the years, management of human pathogenic microorganisms has primarily relied on the use of synthetic antibiotics. In the recent past, Tagetes patula essential oils (EOs) and their phytochemistry and bioactivities have received great attention in research. Purpose and Methods: In this study, the component, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant capacity (ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay) of EOs from five plant parts (shoot at vegetative growth stage [TPSV], shoot at flowering growth stage [TPSF], flower [TPF], fruit [TPS], and root [TPR]) of T. patula were investigated. The antibacterial activity against five gram-negative bacterial isolates (including Serratia fonticola, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli) and five gram-positive bacterial isolates (including Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus oralis) was studied using broth microdilution method. FRAP assay was also used to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Results: One hundred and twenty-five compounds of the total EOs were identified, constituting a mixture of oxygenated monoterpenes (33%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (25%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (19%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (12%), and furanocoumarins (8%). In this paper, for the first time, more than 60 new compounds were isolated from T. patula such as bergapten, sylvestrene, (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-epoxy-ocimene, (Z)-jasmone, γ-gurjunene, and γ-himachalene. The EOs of T. patula showed potent antibacterial activity against the studied bacteria with the highest growth inhibition observed in E. coli after 24 h of incubation (MIC value 0.08 and MBC value 0.32 µL/mL). The TPS-EO had the highest mean value for ferric-reducing ability at the three test times, whereas TPR-EO had no activity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the potential biocidal activity of T. patula EOs could be substantially associated with their oxygenated constituents or the synergistic activity of their major and minor chemical components.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Tagetes patula L. essential oil raised in Erbil, Iraq","authors":"A. Safar, A. Ghafoor, D. Dastan","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_68_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_68_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the years, management of human pathogenic microorganisms has primarily relied on the use of synthetic antibiotics. In the recent past, Tagetes patula essential oils (EOs) and their phytochemistry and bioactivities have received great attention in research. Purpose and Methods: In this study, the component, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant capacity (ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay) of EOs from five plant parts (shoot at vegetative growth stage [TPSV], shoot at flowering growth stage [TPSF], flower [TPF], fruit [TPS], and root [TPR]) of T. patula were investigated. The antibacterial activity against five gram-negative bacterial isolates (including Serratia fonticola, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli) and five gram-positive bacterial isolates (including Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus oralis) was studied using broth microdilution method. FRAP assay was also used to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Results: One hundred and twenty-five compounds of the total EOs were identified, constituting a mixture of oxygenated monoterpenes (33%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (25%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (19%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (12%), and furanocoumarins (8%). In this paper, for the first time, more than 60 new compounds were isolated from T. patula such as bergapten, sylvestrene, (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-epoxy-ocimene, (Z)-jasmone, γ-gurjunene, and γ-himachalene. The EOs of T. patula showed potent antibacterial activity against the studied bacteria with the highest growth inhibition observed in E. coli after 24 h of incubation (MIC value 0.08 and MBC value 0.32 µL/mL). The TPS-EO had the highest mean value for ferric-reducing ability at the three test times, whereas TPR-EO had no activity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the potential biocidal activity of T. patula EOs could be substantially associated with their oxygenated constituents or the synergistic activity of their major and minor chemical components.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"59 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：