Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_3_21
W. Widowati, R. Tjokropranoto, Roro Wahyudianingsih, Fen Tih, Lisawati Sadeli, H. Kusuma, Nerissa Fuad, E. Girsang, F. Agatha
Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by glucose levels and results in impaired insulin secretion. This disorder has triggered oxidative stress and excess free radicals condition. Smallanthus sonchifolius is a traditional medicine that acts as a diabetic therapy. This research aims to bring out the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of S. sonchifolius extract (SSE). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to measure the qualitative phytochemical identification, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of SSE. The antioxidant assay was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH)-scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-scavenging and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-reducing activity assays, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) potency, while anti-diabetic activity of SSE assay was carried out using inhibitory of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-Pase). Results: SSE contained phenols, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of samples were calculated based on median inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC50 values of SSE antioxidant, respectively, were DPPH (IC50 = 62.72 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 61.03 μg/mL), H2O2 (IC50 = 438.36 μg/mL), the highest FRAP activity was 125.31 μM Fe(II)/μg extract at a concentration level of SSE 50 μg/mL. The IC50 values of SSE antidiabetic were α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 37.86 μg/mL), α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 90.41 μg/mL), and G-6-Pase inhibition (IC50 = 98.07 μg/mL), respectively. Conclusions: SSE has antidiabetic potential through antioxidant activities and α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and G-6-Pase inhibition activities.
{"title":"Antidiabetic potential yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob.) leaf extract via antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, G-6-Pase by in vitro assay","authors":"W. Widowati, R. Tjokropranoto, Roro Wahyudianingsih, Fen Tih, Lisawati Sadeli, H. Kusuma, Nerissa Fuad, E. Girsang, F. Agatha","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by glucose levels and results in impaired insulin secretion. This disorder has triggered oxidative stress and excess free radicals condition. Smallanthus sonchifolius is a traditional medicine that acts as a diabetic therapy. This research aims to bring out the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of S. sonchifolius extract (SSE). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to measure the qualitative phytochemical identification, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of SSE. The antioxidant assay was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH)-scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-scavenging and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-reducing activity assays, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) potency, while anti-diabetic activity of SSE assay was carried out using inhibitory of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-Pase). Results: SSE contained phenols, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of samples were calculated based on median inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC50 values of SSE antioxidant, respectively, were DPPH (IC50 = 62.72 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 61.03 μg/mL), H2O2 (IC50 = 438.36 μg/mL), the highest FRAP activity was 125.31 μM Fe(II)/μg extract at a concentration level of SSE 50 μg/mL. The IC50 values of SSE antidiabetic were α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 37.86 μg/mL), α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 90.41 μg/mL), and G-6-Pase inhibition (IC50 = 98.07 μg/mL), respectively. Conclusions: SSE has antidiabetic potential through antioxidant activities and α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and G-6-Pase inhibition activities.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"247 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_110_20
P. Dahal, G. Bista, P. Dahal
Background: Artemisia indica is a traditionally used medicinal plant in the treatment of various conditions such as loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, antimalarial infection, dermal wound infection, etc. Objectives: This study aims to determine the presence of phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidandruff activity of leaf extract of A. indica. Materials and Methods: Dried ground leaves were subjected to a cold extraction method using an absolute concentration of methanol, ethanol, and water. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin content was estimated by using a linear regression equation from the calibration curve and expressed in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and rutin equivalent (RE). Antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide assay, and their IC50 values were calculated. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the common five pathogenic strains, and the zone of inhibition is compared with gentamicin (1 mg/mL) as a positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was obtained by the microbroth dilution method. The antidandruff assay was performed on Malassezia furfur by the disk diffusion method into Sabouraud dextrose agar overlaid with 1 mL of olive oil, and the MIC value was determined by the microtiter plate method. Results: The result showed that the Artemisia methanolic extract represents ample content of phenolics (248±3.29 mg/g of GAE), flavonoids (222.33±4.41 mg/g of RE), and proanthocyanidin (222.83±1.62 mg/g of RE equivalent). The antioxidant assay revealed that methanolic extract has the highest radical scavenging activity followed by aqueous extract and then ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract shows MIC value ranging from 6 to 25 μg/mL against various human pathogenic bacteria. The antidandruff assay showed that MIC value of methanolic extract is lesser than that of ethanolic extract (350<400) mg/mL. Conclusion: The results concluded that leaf extract of A. indica contains phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin and exhibits adequate antibacterial, antidandruff, and antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidandruff activities of leaf extract of Artemisia indica","authors":"P. Dahal, G. Bista, P. Dahal","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_110_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_110_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Artemisia indica is a traditionally used medicinal plant in the treatment of various conditions such as loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, antimalarial infection, dermal wound infection, etc. Objectives: This study aims to determine the presence of phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidandruff activity of leaf extract of A. indica. Materials and Methods: Dried ground leaves were subjected to a cold extraction method using an absolute concentration of methanol, ethanol, and water. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin content was estimated by using a linear regression equation from the calibration curve and expressed in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and rutin equivalent (RE). Antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide assay, and their IC50 values were calculated. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the common five pathogenic strains, and the zone of inhibition is compared with gentamicin (1 mg/mL) as a positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was obtained by the microbroth dilution method. The antidandruff assay was performed on Malassezia furfur by the disk diffusion method into Sabouraud dextrose agar overlaid with 1 mL of olive oil, and the MIC value was determined by the microtiter plate method. Results: The result showed that the Artemisia methanolic extract represents ample content of phenolics (248±3.29 mg/g of GAE), flavonoids (222.33±4.41 mg/g of RE), and proanthocyanidin (222.83±1.62 mg/g of RE equivalent). The antioxidant assay revealed that methanolic extract has the highest radical scavenging activity followed by aqueous extract and then ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract shows MIC value ranging from 6 to 25 μg/mL against various human pathogenic bacteria. The antidandruff assay showed that MIC value of methanolic extract is lesser than that of ethanolic extract (350<400) mg/mL. Conclusion: The results concluded that leaf extract of A. indica contains phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin and exhibits adequate antibacterial, antidandruff, and antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47242364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_25_21
S. Mirzaeei, Ashkan Barfar, Saba Mehrandish, A. Ebrahimi
Background and Purpose: Using the commercially manufactured forms of minoxidil, the only approved topical drug preparation for hair regrowth in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) comes across with challenges such as limited permeation through the superficial layers of the skin to reach the site of action and topical adverse reactions like itching and inflammation occur because of the ethanol in the formulations. In this study, a novel nanosuspension formulation with an aqueous base was prepared and evaluated to overcome the discussed challenges. Materials and Methods: The nanosuspension formulation was characterized by size, zeta potential, morphology, and in vitro release. Seventy patients were subjected to use either 1 mL of nanosuspension or the commercial product twice daily for six months and were then examined for changes in hair follicle diameter and hair density within a 1 × 1-cm2 area of the scalp as the primary endpoints besides any adverse reaction manifestation as the secondary endpoint. Results: The nanosuspension formulation showed uniform morphology, 200-nm particle size, and suitable zeta potential that ensures the stability. The in vitro release study exhibited almost 90% release in the first 6 h. It was observed that there were no significant differences between the efficacy of aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension of minoxidil and the commercial product in the treatment of AGA (P > 0.05). However, the aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension formulation showed better safety and tolerability compared to the marketed profile. Conclusions: It could be concluded that aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension is a suitable form with enhanced patient compliance compared to commercially manufactured products.{Figure 6}
{"title":"A randomized, double-blind controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minoxidil topical 2% nanosuspension with aqueous base in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia areata","authors":"S. Mirzaeei, Ashkan Barfar, Saba Mehrandish, A. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_25_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_25_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Using the commercially manufactured forms of minoxidil, the only approved topical drug preparation for hair regrowth in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) comes across with challenges such as limited permeation through the superficial layers of the skin to reach the site of action and topical adverse reactions like itching and inflammation occur because of the ethanol in the formulations. In this study, a novel nanosuspension formulation with an aqueous base was prepared and evaluated to overcome the discussed challenges. Materials and Methods: The nanosuspension formulation was characterized by size, zeta potential, morphology, and in vitro release. Seventy patients were subjected to use either 1 mL of nanosuspension or the commercial product twice daily for six months and were then examined for changes in hair follicle diameter and hair density within a 1 × 1-cm2 area of the scalp as the primary endpoints besides any adverse reaction manifestation as the secondary endpoint. Results: The nanosuspension formulation showed uniform morphology, 200-nm particle size, and suitable zeta potential that ensures the stability. The in vitro release study exhibited almost 90% release in the first 6 h. It was observed that there were no significant differences between the efficacy of aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension of minoxidil and the commercial product in the treatment of AGA (P > 0.05). However, the aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension formulation showed better safety and tolerability compared to the marketed profile. Conclusions: It could be concluded that aqueous-based topical 2% nanosuspension is a suitable form with enhanced patient compliance compared to commercially manufactured products.{Figure 6}","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"279 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_36_21
D. Dastan, Negar Mohammadzadeh, M. Ghiasian, J. Faradmal
Background and Purpose: Quercus infectoria is a species of Quercus genus (Fagaceae) whose galls are known in traditional medicine for their antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent effects. The present study aimed to carry out quantitative and qualitative analyses of the constituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Q. infectoria galls from Kermanshah and to evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Materials and Methods: Following the extraction process using ethanol/water (70/30), phytochemical tests were done. Total phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant and antibacterial activities against specific strains of bacteria were evaluated. Some of the constituents of the extract were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array, and their amount was obtained. Results: The phytochemical tests proved that the extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and phenolic compounds. The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds was 16.21 and 1.78 mg/g dried galls, respectively. The IC50 value of the antioxidant constituents of the extract was 47 μg/mL. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed the high activity of the extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. The quantitative analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, benzoic acid, and caffeic acid (12.30, 10.72, 5.00, 9.25, and 3.94 mg/g dried galls, respectively). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the extract of Q. infectoria galls could be used as a primary substance in treating bacterial infections and oxidative stress-related diseases.
{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the constituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of Quercus infectoria gall from Kermanshah and evaluation of its antioxidant and antibacterial activities","authors":"D. Dastan, Negar Mohammadzadeh, M. Ghiasian, J. Faradmal","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_36_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_36_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Quercus infectoria is a species of Quercus genus (Fagaceae) whose galls are known in traditional medicine for their antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent effects. The present study aimed to carry out quantitative and qualitative analyses of the constituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Q. infectoria galls from Kermanshah and to evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Materials and Methods: Following the extraction process using ethanol/water (70/30), phytochemical tests were done. Total phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant and antibacterial activities against specific strains of bacteria were evaluated. Some of the constituents of the extract were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array, and their amount was obtained. Results: The phytochemical tests proved that the extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and phenolic compounds. The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds was 16.21 and 1.78 mg/g dried galls, respectively. The IC50 value of the antioxidant constituents of the extract was 47 μg/mL. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed the high activity of the extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. The quantitative analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, benzoic acid, and caffeic acid (12.30, 10.72, 5.00, 9.25, and 3.94 mg/g dried galls, respectively). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the extract of Q. infectoria galls could be used as a primary substance in treating bacterial infections and oxidative stress-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"287 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70821818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_126_20
Manisha Soral, Shivakumar H. Nanjappa, Prajila Alayadan
Aim: The goal of the current study is to design and evaluate transdermal patches of rabeprazole sodium (RPS). Materials and Methods: Transdermal patches of RPS were prepared using polymers such as hydroxyl propyl cellulose (HPC-EF), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-90 (PVP K-90) as film formers, polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a plasticizer, and Tween-80 and azone as permeation enhancers. The solvent casting technique was employed to develop the patches using aluminum foil as the backing membrane. These patches were evaluated for compatibility using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry and for content by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry besides physicochemical properties such as thickness, adhesion, moisture content, moisture loss, and folding endurance. The patches were tested for in vitro release in United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) dissolution apparatus V and ex vivo permeation across shed snake skin in vertical Franz diffusion cell (FDC). Results: The characteristic FTIR spectra of RPS were also evident in the spectra of the patches, indicating drug-excipient compatibility. In vitro drug release indicated that the release of the drug was maximum from patches composed of HPC-EF (60.08±1.04%), which was much higher when compared with patches made of PVP K-30 (47.53±0.40%) and PVP K-90 (42.84±0.74%). The ex vivo permeation studies suggested that about 116.79±1.99 µg/cm2 of the drug was permeated in 24 h from formulation patches composed of HPC-EF that resulted in flux of nearly 7.06 µg/cm2/h. Conclusion: The studies indicated that feasibility of transdermal delivery of rabeprazole as a patch of 16 cm2 is likely to suffice the therapeutic requirement.
{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of rabeprazole sodium","authors":"Manisha Soral, Shivakumar H. Nanjappa, Prajila Alayadan","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_126_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_126_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The goal of the current study is to design and evaluate transdermal patches of rabeprazole sodium (RPS). Materials and Methods: Transdermal patches of RPS were prepared using polymers such as hydroxyl propyl cellulose (HPC-EF), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-90 (PVP K-90) as film formers, polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a plasticizer, and Tween-80 and azone as permeation enhancers. The solvent casting technique was employed to develop the patches using aluminum foil as the backing membrane. These patches were evaluated for compatibility using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry and for content by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry besides physicochemical properties such as thickness, adhesion, moisture content, moisture loss, and folding endurance. The patches were tested for in vitro release in United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) dissolution apparatus V and ex vivo permeation across shed snake skin in vertical Franz diffusion cell (FDC). Results: The characteristic FTIR spectra of RPS were also evident in the spectra of the patches, indicating drug-excipient compatibility. In vitro drug release indicated that the release of the drug was maximum from patches composed of HPC-EF (60.08±1.04%), which was much higher when compared with patches made of PVP K-30 (47.53±0.40%) and PVP K-90 (42.84±0.74%). The ex vivo permeation studies suggested that about 116.79±1.99 µg/cm2 of the drug was permeated in 24 h from formulation patches composed of HPC-EF that resulted in flux of nearly 7.06 µg/cm2/h. Conclusion: The studies indicated that feasibility of transdermal delivery of rabeprazole as a patch of 16 cm2 is likely to suffice the therapeutic requirement.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"240 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70821726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_140_19
S. Bhujbal, R. Badhe, S. Darade, Siddharth Dharmadhikari, Suresh Choudhary
Aim: Chitosan-dialdehyde cellulose/DAC-based injectable hydrogel for controlled release of Metformin. Materials and Methods: Biomaterial-based injectable hydrogel was prepared by incorporating chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose. Dialdehyde cellulose (A cross-linker) was prepared by periodate oxidation method. The antidiabetic agent metformin was easily mixed with the chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose cross-linked solution, for the controlled drug delivery applications. The prepared injectable hydrogel showed the shear thinning property. Results: IR spectra confirmed the presence of cross-linked network between chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose. The physical appearance, injectability, pH, sol–gel phase transition, drug content, DSC, FTIR, and SEM studies were investigated. DSC and SEM studies revealed the degradation pattern and the topographical nature of prepared injectable hydrogel, respectively. The %drug release of metformin was found to be 87.25% prolonged for 84 h. The drug release pattern revealed the effective controlled drug delivery of metformin as compared to marketed tablet formulation. Conclusion: The study suggested that the controlled drug delivery system can be incorporated into the injectable hydrogel system; it would be more potential as compared to conventional controlled drug delivery system and preformed hydrogel system.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of injectable hydrogel as a controlled drug delivery system for metformin","authors":"S. Bhujbal, R. Badhe, S. Darade, Siddharth Dharmadhikari, Suresh Choudhary","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_140_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_140_19","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Chitosan-dialdehyde cellulose/DAC-based injectable hydrogel for controlled release of Metformin. Materials and Methods: Biomaterial-based injectable hydrogel was prepared by incorporating chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose. Dialdehyde cellulose (A cross-linker) was prepared by periodate oxidation method. The antidiabetic agent metformin was easily mixed with the chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose cross-linked solution, for the controlled drug delivery applications. The prepared injectable hydrogel showed the shear thinning property. Results: IR spectra confirmed the presence of cross-linked network between chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose. The physical appearance, injectability, pH, sol–gel phase transition, drug content, DSC, FTIR, and SEM studies were investigated. DSC and SEM studies revealed the degradation pattern and the topographical nature of prepared injectable hydrogel, respectively. The %drug release of metformin was found to be 87.25% prolonged for 84 h. The drug release pattern revealed the effective controlled drug delivery of metformin as compared to marketed tablet formulation. Conclusion: The study suggested that the controlled drug delivery system can be incorporated into the injectable hydrogel system; it would be more potential as compared to conventional controlled drug delivery system and preformed hydrogel system.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"42 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_100_20
M. Bagheri, Y. Shokoohinia, Zahra Pourmanouchehri, Fereshteh Jalilian, S. Khaledian, S. Mirzaie, L. Behbood
Due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance, the strong need for alternative strategies to tackle this problem is inevitable. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the antibacterial effects of a pharmaceutical gel containing herbal extracts including Lawsonia inermis (henna) and Matricaria chamomilla. Using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and propylene glycol (PEG), the pharmaceutical gel was formulated and the physical properties of the formulation were specified at 37 ± 2°C. The total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg gallaic acid (GA) per gram extract (Ex). The release of the polyphenol compounds from the optimum formulation was investigated using the Franz cell device. Eventually, the disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of optimum formulation against the two pathogenic bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the optimum formulation was stable at least for 3 months. The TPC of the aqueous extract of henna leaves, the hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile flowers, and the optimum formulation was 57.8, 181.08, and 202.75 mg GA/g Ex, respectively. Nearly 80% of the phenolic compounds in the optimum formulation were released over 4 h. The phenolic compounds have inhibitory effects on the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. On the basis of this finding, the formulation had excellent stability, viscosity, homogeneity, extrudability, and antibacterial activity which can be employed as a topical pharmaceutical gel in cutaneous burn infection treatment.
{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of the novel herbal antibacterial gel to the treatment of cutaneous burn infections","authors":"M. Bagheri, Y. Shokoohinia, Zahra Pourmanouchehri, Fereshteh Jalilian, S. Khaledian, S. Mirzaie, L. Behbood","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_100_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_100_20","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance, the strong need for alternative strategies to tackle this problem is inevitable. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the antibacterial effects of a pharmaceutical gel containing herbal extracts including Lawsonia inermis (henna) and Matricaria chamomilla. Using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and propylene glycol (PEG), the pharmaceutical gel was formulated and the physical properties of the formulation were specified at 37 ± 2°C. The total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and expressed as mg gallaic acid (GA) per gram extract (Ex). The release of the polyphenol compounds from the optimum formulation was investigated using the Franz cell device. Eventually, the disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of optimum formulation against the two pathogenic bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the optimum formulation was stable at least for 3 months. The TPC of the aqueous extract of henna leaves, the hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile flowers, and the optimum formulation was 57.8, 181.08, and 202.75 mg GA/g Ex, respectively. Nearly 80% of the phenolic compounds in the optimum formulation were released over 4 h. The phenolic compounds have inhibitory effects on the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. On the basis of this finding, the formulation had excellent stability, viscosity, homogeneity, extrudability, and antibacterial activity which can be employed as a topical pharmaceutical gel in cutaneous burn infection treatment.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"93 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43044269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_13_20
Ephraim Esla, O. Olayemi, B. Isah, S. Allagh
Background: Plant gums are extensively being exploited as pharmaceutical excipients due to the ease of availability, biodegradability, and reduced costs. Aim: This study investigated the application of the fruit gum of Crysophyllum albidum (CFG) as a matrix former in the formulation of chlorpheniramine maleate and theophylline hydrochloride tablets. Materials and Methods: The gum was extracted using acetone and evaluated for flow, swelling, and hydration capacity. Effects of temperature on CFG and drug compatibility were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Granules containing CFG at 10, 20, and 30% w/w were prepared using the wet granulation method and evaluated for flow properties. Compressed tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, and drug content. In vitro drug release studies were carried out in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal (pH 6.8) fluids. Pearson’s similarity correlations were used to analyze results. Results: CFG had a swelling capacity of 22% and hydration capacity of 1.44 with an angle of repose of 30o and Carr’s index of 7.6 signifying good flow. DSC thermogram returned an endothermic glass transition peak at 72.1oC with no appreciable shifts in the peak when CFG was incorporated into the drug. Tablet hardness and friability were concentration dependent with values of 6.5–8.5kg F and 0.04–0.4%, respectively; drug content was within official specifications. Formulations containing 30%w/w CFG sustained drug release for over 12 h and showed better ability to control drug release than HPMC at same concentration. Conclusion: This study shows the propensity of CFG to be used in the formulation of sustained-release tablet formulations.
{"title":"Evaluation of the matrix-forming ability of Chrysophyllum albidum Linn fruit gum in sustained-release tablet formulations","authors":"Ephraim Esla, O. Olayemi, B. Isah, S. Allagh","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant gums are extensively being exploited as pharmaceutical excipients due to the ease of availability, biodegradability, and reduced costs. Aim: This study investigated the application of the fruit gum of Crysophyllum albidum (CFG) as a matrix former in the formulation of chlorpheniramine maleate and theophylline hydrochloride tablets. Materials and Methods: The gum was extracted using acetone and evaluated for flow, swelling, and hydration capacity. Effects of temperature on CFG and drug compatibility were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Granules containing CFG at 10, 20, and 30% w/w were prepared using the wet granulation method and evaluated for flow properties. Compressed tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, and drug content. In vitro drug release studies were carried out in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal (pH 6.8) fluids. Pearson’s similarity correlations were used to analyze results. Results: CFG had a swelling capacity of 22% and hydration capacity of 1.44 with an angle of repose of 30o and Carr’s index of 7.6 signifying good flow. DSC thermogram returned an endothermic glass transition peak at 72.1oC with no appreciable shifts in the peak when CFG was incorporated into the drug. Tablet hardness and friability were concentration dependent with values of 6.5–8.5kg F and 0.04–0.4%, respectively; drug content was within official specifications. Formulations containing 30%w/w CFG sustained drug release for over 12 h and showed better ability to control drug release than HPMC at same concentration. Conclusion: This study shows the propensity of CFG to be used in the formulation of sustained-release tablet formulations.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"5 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_89_20
S. Bohlouli, G. Mahmoodi
{"title":"Investigation of the effects of Satureja edmondi on memory impairment caused by chemical kindling in adult male rats","authors":"S. Bohlouli, G. Mahmoodi","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_89_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_89_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70821995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_6_21
N. Suliska, N. Kurniati, E. Sukandar
{"title":"Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Sonchus arvensis L. inhibit gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: The role of urinary N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase","authors":"N. Suliska, N. Kurniati, E. Sukandar","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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