Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_48_21
R. Tahvilian, M. Gravandi, T. Noori, A. Papzan, Nasim Jamshidi, Amin Iranpanah, Afsaneh Moradi, S. Shirooie
Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5%–10% of women of childbearing age. Several factors contribute to the development of PCOS such as dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and ovarian function, as well as increased insulin levels. The manifestations of the disorder include a wide range of symptoms, including menstrual disorders, acne, infertility, and increased body fat. Currently, the most well-known treatments for PCOS are clomiphene, metformin, letrozole, and tamoxifen. Due to their side effects, the identification of substitute drugs is essential. One of the traditional medicines, which is usually used in different parts of the world, particularly in Western Europe, is Bryonia dioica Jacq. (B. dioica). This plant is used in the treatment of disease due to its active ingredients like polyphenols. Materials and Methods: Induction PCOS in a female rat (3 weeks old) was performed through subcutaneous injection of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/100g) daily for 35 days. The effects of B. dioica (30 and 60 mg/kg) root methanolic extract on PCOS-induced was evaluated after 28-day treatment. On the last day, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), glucose, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone and histological studies (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining) were measured. Results: Results showed that FSH and LH levels (P < 0.05) as well as glucose (P < 0.001) in the B. dioica groups normalized significantly compared to the PCOS group. LDL levels decreased in rats and the LDL/HDL ratio decreased in all treatment groups. In histologic assay, metformin and B. dioica restricted the effects of testosterone in the ovaries of rats. Conclusion: The data indicate that methanolic extract of B. dioica recovers hormonal factors in PCOS.
{"title":"The therapeutic effect of methanolic extract Bryonia dioica Jacq. in a female rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"R. Tahvilian, M. Gravandi, T. Noori, A. Papzan, Nasim Jamshidi, Amin Iranpanah, Afsaneh Moradi, S. Shirooie","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_48_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_48_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5%–10% of women of childbearing age. Several factors contribute to the development of PCOS such as dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and ovarian function, as well as increased insulin levels. The manifestations of the disorder include a wide range of symptoms, including menstrual disorders, acne, infertility, and increased body fat. Currently, the most well-known treatments for PCOS are clomiphene, metformin, letrozole, and tamoxifen. Due to their side effects, the identification of substitute drugs is essential. One of the traditional medicines, which is usually used in different parts of the world, particularly in Western Europe, is Bryonia dioica Jacq. (B. dioica). This plant is used in the treatment of disease due to its active ingredients like polyphenols. Materials and Methods: Induction PCOS in a female rat (3 weeks old) was performed through subcutaneous injection of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/100g) daily for 35 days. The effects of B. dioica (30 and 60 mg/kg) root methanolic extract on PCOS-induced was evaluated after 28-day treatment. On the last day, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), glucose, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone and histological studies (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining) were measured. Results: Results showed that FSH and LH levels (P < 0.05) as well as glucose (P < 0.001) in the B. dioica groups normalized significantly compared to the PCOS group. LDL levels decreased in rats and the LDL/HDL ratio decreased in all treatment groups. In histologic assay, metformin and B. dioica restricted the effects of testosterone in the ovaries of rats. Conclusion: The data indicate that methanolic extract of B. dioica recovers hormonal factors in PCOS.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46390475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_78_21
L. Hosseinzadeh, M. Mojarrab, Pouria Hajmomeni, Marzieh Hajialiani
Purpose: Artemisia is an important genus of Iranian flora. The current study on the aerial parts of A. turanica was conducted to determine the most potent extract and its fractions in the cytotoxic assays. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects of 13 fractions (1–13) from dichloromethane extract on three cancer cell lines (KB, HeLa, and U87MG) were assessed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of more potent cytotoxic fractions was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and different spray reagents. Results: Dichloromethane extract showed the best bioactivity against cancerous cell lines. Fractions 4, 6, 7, and 9 of this extract had potential effective components in the inhibition of the proliferation of KB cancer cells. In addition, fractions 4 and 6 were able to inhibit the growth of HeLa cell line. The active fractions decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and played a critical role in caspase-3 and 9 activation and generation of reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxic activity of these fractions was found to be not significant toward U87MG cells. TLC analysis suggested the probable presence of terpenoids as the main component of most of the selected fractions. Conclusion: The species is suggested as the potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals.
{"title":"Active fractions of dichloromethane extract of Artemisia turanica inhibit proliferation of HeLa and KB cell lines via apoptosis induction","authors":"L. Hosseinzadeh, M. Mojarrab, Pouria Hajmomeni, Marzieh Hajialiani","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_78_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_78_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Artemisia is an important genus of Iranian flora. The current study on the aerial parts of A. turanica was conducted to determine the most potent extract and its fractions in the cytotoxic assays. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects of 13 fractions (1–13) from dichloromethane extract on three cancer cell lines (KB, HeLa, and U87MG) were assessed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of more potent cytotoxic fractions was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and different spray reagents. Results: Dichloromethane extract showed the best bioactivity against cancerous cell lines. Fractions 4, 6, 7, and 9 of this extract had potential effective components in the inhibition of the proliferation of KB cancer cells. In addition, fractions 4 and 6 were able to inhibit the growth of HeLa cell line. The active fractions decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and played a critical role in caspase-3 and 9 activation and generation of reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxic activity of these fractions was found to be not significant toward U87MG cells. TLC analysis suggested the probable presence of terpenoids as the main component of most of the selected fractions. Conclusion: The species is suggested as the potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"65 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47999132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_133_21
N. Herbina, O. Ruban, O. Andryushayev, L. Hohlova
Background and Purpose: It has been shown that taking into account the polyvalence of action, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is a promising raw material for obtaining substances based on it as active pharmaceutical ingredients for the development of new potential herbal medicinal products. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been considered as one of the promising methods to optimize the technology of extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from T. vulgare flowers. Results: The advantages of the method, the mechanism of ultrasound action on plant cells, and the main factors affecting this process are indicated. Conclusion: The optimal technological parameters that allow the extraction of flavonoids calculated with reference to luteolin and hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to chlorogenic acid in the maximum amount, namely, the raw material and extractant ratio, time, and the extraction frequency, have been determined. The high efficiency of UAE has been proven.
{"title":"Intensification of the extraction process of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids from Tanacetum vulgare L. flowers","authors":"N. Herbina, O. Ruban, O. Andryushayev, L. Hohlova","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_133_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_133_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: It has been shown that taking into account the polyvalence of action, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is a promising raw material for obtaining substances based on it as active pharmaceutical ingredients for the development of new potential herbal medicinal products. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been considered as one of the promising methods to optimize the technology of extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from T. vulgare flowers. Results: The advantages of the method, the mechanism of ultrasound action on plant cells, and the main factors affecting this process are indicated. Conclusion: The optimal technological parameters that allow the extraction of flavonoids calculated with reference to luteolin and hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to chlorogenic acid in the maximum amount, namely, the raw material and extractant ratio, time, and the extraction frequency, have been determined. The high efficiency of UAE has been proven.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"125 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_41_21
Amit Avatade, P. Kale, S. Todkar
The novel targets considered in the recent research related to the treatment of depression include connexins, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), ω-3 fatty acids, ceramides, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). The major associated brain parts considered include hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal gland (HPA) axis in psychiatric disorders. The present review has proposed hypotheses such as combining PPAR (α/γ) agonist with noradrenaline dopamine reuptake inhibitor, gap junction channel modulator/hemichannel inhibitor with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist like ketamine, ω-3 fatty acids derivatives like resolvin with tricyclic antidepressant like amineptine, RAAS-modifying drugs with serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, ceramide synthase inhibitor/acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor with doxepin, and HPA axis-modifying drugs with bupropion. Further assessment of these combination approaches may help in availing better therapeutic options in the treatment of depression.
{"title":"Possible targets related to connexins and ceramides in the treatment of depression using a combination approach","authors":"Amit Avatade, P. Kale, S. Todkar","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_41_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_41_21","url":null,"abstract":"The novel targets considered in the recent research related to the treatment of depression include connexins, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), ω-3 fatty acids, ceramides, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). The major associated brain parts considered include hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal gland (HPA) axis in psychiatric disorders. The present review has proposed hypotheses such as combining PPAR (α/γ) agonist with noradrenaline dopamine reuptake inhibitor, gap junction channel modulator/hemichannel inhibitor with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist like ketamine, ω-3 fatty acids derivatives like resolvin with tricyclic antidepressant like amineptine, RAAS-modifying drugs with serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, ceramide synthase inhibitor/acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor with doxepin, and HPA axis-modifying drugs with bupropion. Further assessment of these combination approaches may help in availing better therapeutic options in the treatment of depression.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44386941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_74_21
B. Sharifmakhmalzadeh, M. Javadi, A. Salimi
The goal of this research is the localization of hydroquinone (HQ) to the epidermis for the treatment of hyperpigmentation in rat skin. For this purpose, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was selected for the dermal delivery of HQ. A 23 factorial design was used in this study, and eight NLCs were prepared with a cold homogenization technique. HQ entrapment efficiency (EE %), particle size, morphology, thermal behavior of NLCs, and permeability parameters through rat skin with NLC in comparison with HQ aqueous solution (HQ-S) with Franz diffusion cells were evaluated. Based on the optimization technique, the best NLC was selected and in the in vivo experiment, the depigmentation effect of optimized NLC in comparison with that of HQ-S was evaluated. The results showed that the main problem for HQ permeability was fast permeation and low concentration in the site of action. Partitioning from aqueous donor phase into skin rate was the limiting step for drug flux, and this can be solved using NLC. The decrease in maximum flux obtained by NLC was according to formulation 8. Regression analysis suggested a significant and direct effect of the S/L ratio and the percentage of liquid lipids on the drug loading. NLC decreased drug permeation through rat skin basically due to sustained release properties.
{"title":"The depigmentation effect of hydroquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) on the rat skin","authors":"B. Sharifmakhmalzadeh, M. Javadi, A. Salimi","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_74_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_74_21","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research is the localization of hydroquinone (HQ) to the epidermis for the treatment of hyperpigmentation in rat skin. For this purpose, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was selected for the dermal delivery of HQ. A 23 factorial design was used in this study, and eight NLCs were prepared with a cold homogenization technique. HQ entrapment efficiency (EE %), particle size, morphology, thermal behavior of NLCs, and permeability parameters through rat skin with NLC in comparison with HQ aqueous solution (HQ-S) with Franz diffusion cells were evaluated. Based on the optimization technique, the best NLC was selected and in the in vivo experiment, the depigmentation effect of optimized NLC in comparison with that of HQ-S was evaluated. The results showed that the main problem for HQ permeability was fast permeation and low concentration in the site of action. Partitioning from aqueous donor phase into skin rate was the limiting step for drug flux, and this can be solved using NLC. The decrease in maximum flux obtained by NLC was according to formulation 8. Regression analysis suggested a significant and direct effect of the S/L ratio and the percentage of liquid lipids on the drug loading. NLC decreased drug permeation through rat skin basically due to sustained release properties.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"71 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_105_21
S. Rathod, P. Patel
Aim: This study aims on the development of a chemometric-assisted spectroscopic method for the analysis of combined dosage form of emtricitabine (EMT), tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TEN), and dolutegravir sodium (DOL). The use of a multivariate algorithm to analyse spectrophotometric data is a novel approach to estimating drug concentrations in formulations. Materials and Methods: The quantitative estimation of EMT, TEN, and DOL in tablets was carried out using four chemometric approaches: Classical least square (CLS), inverse least square, partial least square, and principal component regression. Thirty-two ternary mixtures of calibration sets and 16 mixtures of validation sets were prepared. The absorbance data matrix was attained by calculating absorbance at 25 different wavelengths in a range of 240–336 nm (Δλ = 4 nm). The chemometric calculations were performed using Matlab2018a and Minitab software. The developed methods were validated. Results: The great accuracy of the current study was justified by the near-perfect recovery values (100%) and low standard deviation. For chemometrics approaches, the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) outcomes display decent accuracy and precision. Conclusion: The CLS approach yielded the lowest predicted residual error sum of squares, RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV scores. As a result, CLS might be regarded as the best chemometric approach among all techniques utilized. The label claim determined is in excellent accordance with the mean recoveries for EMT, TEN, and DOL. So, it can be used in quality control laboratories.
{"title":"Chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometric method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, and dolutegravir sodium in dosage form","authors":"S. Rathod, P. Patel","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_105_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_105_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims on the development of a chemometric-assisted spectroscopic method for the analysis of combined dosage form of emtricitabine (EMT), tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TEN), and dolutegravir sodium (DOL). The use of a multivariate algorithm to analyse spectrophotometric data is a novel approach to estimating drug concentrations in formulations. Materials and Methods: The quantitative estimation of EMT, TEN, and DOL in tablets was carried out using four chemometric approaches: Classical least square (CLS), inverse least square, partial least square, and principal component regression. Thirty-two ternary mixtures of calibration sets and 16 mixtures of validation sets were prepared. The absorbance data matrix was attained by calculating absorbance at 25 different wavelengths in a range of 240–336 nm (Δλ = 4 nm). The chemometric calculations were performed using Matlab2018a and Minitab software. The developed methods were validated. Results: The great accuracy of the current study was justified by the near-perfect recovery values (100%) and low standard deviation. For chemometrics approaches, the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) outcomes display decent accuracy and precision. Conclusion: The CLS approach yielded the lowest predicted residual error sum of squares, RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV scores. As a result, CLS might be regarded as the best chemometric approach among all techniques utilized. The label claim determined is in excellent accordance with the mean recoveries for EMT, TEN, and DOL. So, it can be used in quality control laboratories.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"41 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45044449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_160_21
Z. Jafari, M. Farzaei, M. Morovati, A. Foroughinia
Introduction: Falcaria vulgaris Bernh (FV) is a plant of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, which is known as Ghaziaghi in the Iranian Azeri language and Paghaza in the west of Iran. This plant is usually consumed in spring as a local vegetable and food. FV is recommended by traditional medicine resources for the treatment of skin diseases, gastrointestinal complaints, liver disease, blood purification, and increasing breast milk. The presence of tannins and saponins and the absence of flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown in FV. As various significant properties and special characteristics of FV have been expressed in numerous studies, this study aimed to collect documents and summarize and classify the properties of this plant through a systematic review method. Materials and Methods: We extracted 304 articles by searching electronic databases using the following keywords: “Paghazeh,” “Ghaziaghi,” “Falcaria vulgaris Bernh,” and “qazayagi.” Then, after eliminating duplicates and unrelated studies, finally, 19 studies were entered into a systematic review. Results: Significant therapeutic effects have been reported for FV through studies investigating the medicinal properties of the plant, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects, healing properties of skin and stomach ulcers, and protection of the liver and kidney. Most of these effects are related to antioxidant content and the presence of tannins and saponins in the plant. Conclusion: FV has significant effects on treatment of various diseases in animal studies and can be concluded in human clinical trials.
{"title":"Potential therapeutic effects of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh: A systematic review","authors":"Z. Jafari, M. Farzaei, M. Morovati, A. Foroughinia","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_160_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_160_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Falcaria vulgaris Bernh (FV) is a plant of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, which is known as Ghaziaghi in the Iranian Azeri language and Paghaza in the west of Iran. This plant is usually consumed in spring as a local vegetable and food. FV is recommended by traditional medicine resources for the treatment of skin diseases, gastrointestinal complaints, liver disease, blood purification, and increasing breast milk. The presence of tannins and saponins and the absence of flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown in FV. As various significant properties and special characteristics of FV have been expressed in numerous studies, this study aimed to collect documents and summarize and classify the properties of this plant through a systematic review method. Materials and Methods: We extracted 304 articles by searching electronic databases using the following keywords: “Paghazeh,” “Ghaziaghi,” “Falcaria vulgaris Bernh,” and “qazayagi.” Then, after eliminating duplicates and unrelated studies, finally, 19 studies were entered into a systematic review. Results: Significant therapeutic effects have been reported for FV through studies investigating the medicinal properties of the plant, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects, healing properties of skin and stomach ulcers, and protection of the liver and kidney. Most of these effects are related to antioxidant content and the presence of tannins and saponins in the plant. Conclusion: FV has significant effects on treatment of various diseases in animal studies and can be concluded in human clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"18 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_97_21
M. Ahmadi, K. Derakhshandeh, Abbas H Azandaryani, H. Adibi
Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) is used as a folic acid antagonist in the treatment of many human cancers. Attachment of hydrophilic ligands to MTX improves its efficacy due to reducing toxicity and enzymatic degradation and it also increases its in-vivo half-life. Materials and Methods: In the present study, pH-responsive nanoconjugates of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-glutamic acid methotrexate (mPEG-Glu-MTX) have been prepared and characterized using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Glutamic acid is attached to the mPEG chain by the carboxylic group and to the MTX via an amide bond to the amine group. Results: The prepared nanoconjugate has the mean diameter ranging from 160 to 190 nm and, the drug release was significantly induced two times at the pH of 5.5 and 3.5 compared with pH 7.4 (P < 0.05). The prepared mPEG-Glu-MTX nanoconjugate showed toxicity similar to AGS, MDA, and MCF7 cell lines compared with the free form of MTX (P > 0.1), which indicates that the conjugation does not effect on the MTX cytotoxicity but is expected to be successful in the targeted delivery of MTX. Conclusion: The results show that manufactured nanoconjugates can be considered as an efficient drug delivery system in the treatment of cancer; however, further studies are needed on the targeting activity of this nanocarrier in in-vivo conditions.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of methotrexate-polyethylene glycol-glutamic acid nanoconjugate as targeted drug delivery system in cancer treatment","authors":"M. Ahmadi, K. Derakhshandeh, Abbas H Azandaryani, H. Adibi","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_97_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_97_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) is used as a folic acid antagonist in the treatment of many human cancers. Attachment of hydrophilic ligands to MTX improves its efficacy due to reducing toxicity and enzymatic degradation and it also increases its in-vivo half-life. Materials and Methods: In the present study, pH-responsive nanoconjugates of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-glutamic acid methotrexate (mPEG-Glu-MTX) have been prepared and characterized using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Glutamic acid is attached to the mPEG chain by the carboxylic group and to the MTX via an amide bond to the amine group. Results: The prepared nanoconjugate has the mean diameter ranging from 160 to 190 nm and, the drug release was significantly induced two times at the pH of 5.5 and 3.5 compared with pH 7.4 (P < 0.05). The prepared mPEG-Glu-MTX nanoconjugate showed toxicity similar to AGS, MDA, and MCF7 cell lines compared with the free form of MTX (P > 0.1), which indicates that the conjugation does not effect on the MTX cytotoxicity but is expected to be successful in the targeted delivery of MTX. Conclusion: The results show that manufactured nanoconjugates can be considered as an efficient drug delivery system in the treatment of cancer; however, further studies are needed on the targeting activity of this nanocarrier in in-vivo conditions.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"51 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42416967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_80_21
Manas Sahoo, Umashankar Srinivasan, R. Varier
In Ayurveda, Talisapatradi choorna (TPC) and Vyoshadi choorna (VSC) are commonly used medicines for cough, cold, asthma, and rhinitis. These symptoms are due to upper respiratory infections of predominantly of viral origin. Currently, there are no effective medicines except indiscriminate uses of antibiotics, local anesthetics, and pain killers. The conventional formulation of TPC and VSC is difficult to administer so an easy manufacturing lozenge formulation was developed. The phytochemical analysis was done by preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) derivatization studies. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirmed the presence of herbal actives in the lozenge formulations. The TLC analysis results showed that TPC and VSC contain phytochemicals of flavonoids, steroids and phytosterols, and alkaloids family. The herbal actives were found to be stable in the final formulation without any interference with the excipients used in the formulation. The lozenges formulated from TPC and VSC are found to be promising alternatives to traditional form for the traditional Ayurvedic preparation. Compatibility study was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and HPTLC study.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of Talisapatradi and Vyoshadi choorna lozenges: An ayurvedic traditional formulation","authors":"Manas Sahoo, Umashankar Srinivasan, R. Varier","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_80_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_80_21","url":null,"abstract":"In Ayurveda, Talisapatradi choorna (TPC) and Vyoshadi choorna (VSC) are commonly used medicines for cough, cold, asthma, and rhinitis. These symptoms are due to upper respiratory infections of predominantly of viral origin. Currently, there are no effective medicines except indiscriminate uses of antibiotics, local anesthetics, and pain killers. The conventional formulation of TPC and VSC is difficult to administer so an easy manufacturing lozenge formulation was developed. The phytochemical analysis was done by preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) derivatization studies. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirmed the presence of herbal actives in the lozenge formulations. The TLC analysis results showed that TPC and VSC contain phytochemicals of flavonoids, steroids and phytosterols, and alkaloids family. The herbal actives were found to be stable in the final formulation without any interference with the excipients used in the formulation. The lozenges formulated from TPC and VSC are found to be promising alternatives to traditional form for the traditional Ayurvedic preparation. Compatibility study was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and HPTLC study.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"110 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48117140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_144_21
Qushmua E. Alzahrani, R. Gillis, S. Harding, L. Pinto, M. Gulati, B. Kapoor, P. Rani, S. Singh, G. Adams
Though the scientific community of the entire world has been struggling to create preventive and therapeutic drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the role of nutraceuticals has been hitherto neglected. Established role of fatty acids and polyphenols in combating lifestyle disease can be harnessed to play a significant role in the prevention of this disease. The synergistic effect of these phytonutrients and prebiotics is anticipated to prove beneficial for prevention as well as attenuation of COVID-19 infection. Presence of fatty acids, polyphenols and prebiotics in vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family makes them an attractive choice for being used as a nutritional supplement during COVID-19. These are known to attenuate the excessive immune response which may prove to be beneficial in preventing and mitigating COVID-19. Use of prebiotics to promote the growth of probiotics has also been recommended for the prevention and cure of COVID-19. However, no such report exists in literature that throws light on such role of cucurbita plants. The present review focuses on the role of the triad of fatty acids, prebiotics and polyphenols present in cucurbita plants in controlling systemic inflammation and endothelial damage, the two main etiopathological factors involved in COVID-19. Cucurbita plants are rich in all these components and their inclusion in diet would be an effective strategy to combat COVID-19. The main focus of the review is to discuss the role of various components of the plants of Cucurbita family, taken as dietary component, in prevention and control of the ongoing pandemic COVID19.
{"title":"Potential of the triad of fatty acids, polyphenols, and prebiotics from cucurbita against COVID-19 in diabetic patients: A review","authors":"Qushmua E. Alzahrani, R. Gillis, S. Harding, L. Pinto, M. Gulati, B. Kapoor, P. Rani, S. Singh, G. Adams","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_144_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_144_21","url":null,"abstract":"Though the scientific community of the entire world has been struggling to create preventive and therapeutic drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the role of nutraceuticals has been hitherto neglected. Established role of fatty acids and polyphenols in combating lifestyle disease can be harnessed to play a significant role in the prevention of this disease. The synergistic effect of these phytonutrients and prebiotics is anticipated to prove beneficial for prevention as well as attenuation of COVID-19 infection. Presence of fatty acids, polyphenols and prebiotics in vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family makes them an attractive choice for being used as a nutritional supplement during COVID-19. These are known to attenuate the excessive immune response which may prove to be beneficial in preventing and mitigating COVID-19. Use of prebiotics to promote the growth of probiotics has also been recommended for the prevention and cure of COVID-19. However, no such report exists in literature that throws light on such role of cucurbita plants. The present review focuses on the role of the triad of fatty acids, prebiotics and polyphenols present in cucurbita plants in controlling systemic inflammation and endothelial damage, the two main etiopathological factors involved in COVID-19. Cucurbita plants are rich in all these components and their inclusion in diet would be an effective strategy to combat COVID-19. The main focus of the review is to discuss the role of various components of the plants of Cucurbita family, taken as dietary component, in prevention and control of the ongoing pandemic COVID19.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"28 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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