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A new insight on feasibility of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics-based therapies in Alzheimer’s disease 关于阿尔茨海默病前、前和合成药物治疗可行性的新见解
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_170_21
M. Talebi, Vida Ebrahimi, Ahmadreza Rasouli, Afasneh Farjami, Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, Alireza Soleimanian, Haleh Forouhandeh, Vahideh Tarhriz
Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly population. The existing treatments in this issue are limited in efficacy besides having several adverse effects. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies is a major concern of scientists. This disease is closely linked to gut microflora through the brain–gut–microbiota axis. Targeting gut microbiota by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics supplementation can be effective for its treatment. Herein, we discuss the protecting effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics products against Alzheimer’s disease based on comprehensive assessment of animal studies and performed clinical trials. Primarily, we briefly introduced involved pathogenesis, probable drug targets, and its correlation with gut microbiota. Subsequently, we debated preclinical and clinical research studies on the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics agents on brain functionality, metabolic features, and biomarkers that are proven to have therapeutic effects. Searching the online databases revealed therapeutic capabilities of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in Alzheimer’s disease treatment by some mechanisms such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, prohibiting of apoptosis and DNA damage, insulin regulation, suppressing the aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins, which can be considered as important outcomes of this application.
阿尔茨海默病是老年痴呆症的普遍病因。现有的治疗方法除了有一些不良反应外,疗效有限。因此,开发新的治疗策略是科学家们关注的主要问题。这种疾病通过脑-肠-菌群轴与肠道菌群密切相关。针对肠道微生物群,通过前,前和合成补充可以有效地治疗。在此,我们在动物研究和临床试验的综合评估基础上,讨论了前置、前置和合成产品对阿尔茨海默病的保护作用。首先,我们简要介绍了其发病机制、可能的药物靶点及其与肠道菌群的关系。随后,我们对临床前和临床研究进行了辩论,这些研究涉及前、前和合成制剂对脑功能、代谢特征和已被证明具有治疗作用的生物标志物的影响。通过对在线数据库的搜索,我们发现了pre-、pre-和synbiotics在阿尔茨海默病治疗中的一些机制,如抗氧化应激、抗炎、禁止细胞凋亡和DNA损伤、胰岛素调节、抑制β -淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和tau蛋白的聚集,这些可以被认为是该应用的重要结果。
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引用次数: 1
Growth inhibitory activity of Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra on human gastric cancer cells 甘蓝对人胃癌细胞的生长抑制作用
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_119_21
Dai-Hung Ngo, Hoang-Yen T Nguyen, Thi Nguyen, Dai-Nghiep Ngo, T. Vo
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate anticancer activity of Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (BOA) against the proliferation of BGC-823 human gastric cancer cells. Materials and Methods: B. oleracea var. alboglabra was extracted by ethanol 98% at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:8, (w/v) for 24h at room temperature. The cytotoxic effect of vegetables was examined by MTT assay. The migration of the cancer cells was conducted by wound healing assay and visualized under an inverted microscope. The mRNA expression level was quantified by real time PCR. Major Findings: It was found that ethanol extract of BOA exhibited the inhibitory activity against the proliferation of BGC-823 cells at IC50 value of 217.6 ± 2.8 µg/ml. Moreover, the treatment of BOA extract at concentration of 100 µg/ml for 24 h significantly suppressed the migration of gastric cancer cells into the gap as compared to the untreated cell group. Notably, the cytotoxic effect of BOA extract on human gastric cancer cells was found due to induction of apoptosis, mediating the up-regulation of caspase-8, -9, -3, and Bax in cancer cells. Conclusion: These results indicated that B. oleracea var. alboglabra have the potential inhibitory activity against the development of gastric cancer.
目的:研究甘蓝型油菜(Brassica oleracea var.alboglabra,BOA)对BGC-823人癌症细胞增殖的抑制作用。材料与方法:以98%乙醇为提取液,固液比1:8,室温提取24小时。MTT法检测蔬菜的细胞毒作用。癌症细胞的迁移通过伤口愈合测定进行,并在倒置显微镜下观察。通过实时PCR对mRNA表达水平进行定量。主要发现:BOA乙醇提取物对BGC-823细胞增殖具有抑制作用,IC50值为217.6 ± 2.8µg/ml。此外,浓度为100µg/ml的BOA提取物处理24小时 与未处理的细胞组相比,h显著抑制了癌症细胞迁移到间隙中。值得注意的是,发现BOA提取物对人癌症细胞的细胞毒性作用是由于诱导细胞凋亡,介导癌症细胞中胱天蛋白酶-8、-9、-3和Bax的上调。结论:马齿苋对癌症的发展具有潜在的抑制作用。
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引用次数: 0
The protective effect of melatonin on diazepam-induced genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes using micronucleus assay 微核实验研究褪黑素对安定诱导的外周血淋巴细胞遗传毒性的保护作用
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_111_20
Bahar R Soufi, Mehdi Evazalipour, A. Motavallian, Mojtaba H Chakosari, E. Zamani
Background: Diazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine family of drugs and is mainly used for anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and insomnia. Long-term diazepam administration can cause genotoxicity, and oxidative stress is a likely molecular mechanism involved. Objectives: In this study, the benefits of melatonin against diazepam-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity were investigated. Materials and Methods: Cultured peripheral lymphocytes were allocated to five groups: control, diazepam (100 μg/mL), melatonin (50 and 100 μM) with diazepam and cisplatin (0.05 μg/mL). After harvesting and preparing slides, the incidence of micronuclei (MN) was observed as a marker of genotoxicity. Then, in order to measure oxidative stress parameters, contents of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined. Results: Results documented increased MN and LPO and decrease in GSH levels in diazepam-administered lymphocytes versus those of the control group. When melatonin was given to diazepam-administered lymphocytes, they almost attenuated the increase of MN and LPO and restored the levels of GSH. Conclusion: Results showed that diazepam seems to induce genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes and oxidative stress plays an important role in it. Furthermore, it is concluded that melatonin efficiently protects against genotoxicity through its anti-oxidative effects.
背景:地西泮属于苯二氮卓类药物,主要用于焦虑、肌肉痉挛、癫痫发作和失眠。长期服用地西泮可引起遗传毒性,氧化应激可能是其分子机制。目的:研究褪黑素对地西泮诱导的氧化损伤和遗传毒性的作用。材料与方法:将培养的外周血淋巴细胞分为5组:对照组、安定(100 μg/mL)组、褪黑素(50、100 μM)组和安定、顺铂(0.05 μg/mL)组。在收获和制备载玻片后,观察微核(MN)的发生率,作为遗传毒性的标志。然后,通过测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)和脂质过氧化(LPO)含量来测定氧化应激参数。结果:结果显示,与对照组相比,给予地西泮的淋巴细胞MN和LPO增加,GSH水平降低。当给予褪黑素给地西泮的淋巴细胞时,它们几乎减弱了MN和LPO的增加,并恢复了GSH的水平。结论:地西泮对培养的人淋巴细胞具有遗传毒性,氧化应激在其中起重要作用。此外,褪黑素通过其抗氧化作用有效地预防遗传毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Physical and chemical fermentation conditions affect the growth and metabolite production of endophytic fungi Athelia rolfsii 物理和化学发酵条件对内生真菌罗氏Athelia rolfsii生长和代谢产物产生的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_136_20
Ririn Suharsanti, S. Wahyuono, Puji Astuti
Background: The effort to explore antimicrobial agents isolated from an endophytic fungus of Coleus amboinicus resulted in the finding of a potential aromatic compound having methoxy, hydroxyl, and methyl groups produced by Athelia rolfsii. This compound exhibited antibacterial activities with IC50 values of <2 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study was aimed to determine the effect of varying fermentation conditions (types of media, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, and pH) on biomass, total metabolites, and bioactive compound production. Materials and Methods: The fungal cultures were subjected to various treatment conditions and incubated for 12 days at 25°C 160 rpm followed by analyzing the biomass, metabolite, and bioactive compound production. Results and Conclusion: The study found that although the maximum total metabolite production was achieved in the Tryptic Soy Broth medium, both biomass and bioactive compound production accumulated at the highest amount in Potato Dextrose Broth and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth media. Adding 1% of different types of carbon sources did not significantly enhance biomass, total metabolite, and bioactive compound production. Three types of organic nitrogen sources used in this study did not significantly affect biomass and total metabolite production, but adding peptone produced the highest amount of bioactive compound. Supplementing inorganic source of nitrogen to the culture medium decreased the production. While pH 5.5 was found to be the optimum condition for total metabolite production, pH 6–7 resulted in higher productivity of the bioactive compound. The total metabolite production was best produced at 25°C, whereas higher temperatures were needed to get optimum bioactive and biomass production. This study found that the total metabolite production was 7.8 times higher when the culture was grown in PDB medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and 1% peptone and incubated at 27°C at pH 6.5; whereas a 15% increase was observed in the bioactive compound production.
背景:为了探索从一种内生真菌Coleus amboinicus中分离出的抗菌剂,发现了一种潜在的具有甲氧基、羟基和甲基的芳香化合物。该化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形链球菌和铜绿假单胞菌具有IC50值<2μg/mL的抗菌活性。本研究旨在确定不同发酵条件(培养基类型、碳源、氮源、温度和pH)对生物量、总代谢产物和生物活性化合物产生的影响。材料和方法:将真菌培养物置于各种处理条件下,在25°C 160 rpm下孵育12天,然后分析生物量、代谢产物和生物活性化合物的产生。结果与结论:研究发现,尽管在胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤培养基中实现了最大的总代谢产物产量,但在马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤和沙氏葡萄糖肉汤中,生物量和生物活性化合物的产量积累最高。添加1%的不同类型的碳源并不能显著提高生物量、总代谢产物和生物活性化合物的产生。本研究中使用的三种有机氮源对生物量和总代谢产物的产生没有显著影响,但添加蛋白胨可产生最高量的生物活性化合物。在培养基中添加无机氮源降低了产量。虽然发现pH 5.5是产生总代谢产物的最佳条件,但pH 6-7可提高生物活性化合物的生产率。总代谢产物的产生最好在25°C时产生,而需要更高的温度才能获得最佳的生物活性和生物量产生。该研究发现,当培养物在添加1%蔗糖和1%蛋白胨的PDB培养基中生长并在27°C、pH 6.5下孵育时,总代谢产物产量高出7.8倍;而在生物活性化合物的生产中观察到15%的增加。
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引用次数: 0
The prevalence of substance abuse among elective surgical inpatients in teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran 伊朗克尔曼教学医院选择性外科住院病人药物滥用的流行程度
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_35_22
G. Sepehri, M. Khaksari, Sara Vafadar, Hossein Satari
Background: Opioid abuse prior to hospitalization in patients undergoing surgical procedures is associated with challenges in pain management, determining anesthetic dose, and providing nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate opioid abuse/dependence in hospitalized patients undergoing major elective surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 patients who were candidates for major elective surgery were assessed for demographic characteristics, perioperative and postoperative pain management, type and route of opioid abuse, and the current use of other abused substances. Results: Substance abuse was observed in 34% of surgical inpatients. The mean duration of substance abuse was 4.3 ± 1.9 years. Opioids were the most frequently abused substances (67.9%), followed by naswar (16.4%) and marijuana (8.5%). The inhalation route (60%) was the most common route for opioid use, followed by injection (29.4%) and oral route (10.6%). The prevalence of opioid abuse in females (54.6%) was significantly higher than males (45.4%), (P = 0.032, odd ratio =1.18, 95% CI = 1.03 -1.42). Low education level was associated with a higher rate of substance abuse (P = 0.042, Odd ratio=1.39, 95% CI = 1.14 -1.64), but there was no significant correlation between sex, education level, and substance abuse type. Overall, opioid abuse and dependence were associated with at least a 30% increase in the need for opioid analgesics to relieve postoperative pain. No opioid withdrawal signs were recorded in opioid-abusing patients. Conclusion: The results showed substance/drug abuse in more than one-third of surgical inpatients (34%) and a higher rate of drug abuse in women, which was an unexpected finding. Opioid abuse was significantly associated with education level. Opioid-dependent patients received higher doses of opioids during postoperative periods. Since opioid abuse can affect both preoperative and postoperative surgical and nursing health professionals, especially nurses, need continued medical education and professional support in caring for these individuals.
背景:接受手术的患者在住院前滥用阿片类药物与疼痛管理、确定麻醉剂量和提供护理方面的挑战有关。本研究旨在评估接受择期大手术的住院患者的阿片类药物滥用/依赖性。材料和方法:共有1000名择期大手术患者接受了人口统计学特征、围手术期和术后疼痛管理、阿片类药物滥用的类型和途径以及其他滥用药物的当前使用情况评估。结果:34%的外科住院患者存在药物滥用。药物滥用的平均持续时间为4.3 ± 1.9年。阿片类药物是最常被滥用的物质(67.9%),其次是纳斯瓦尔(16.4%)和大麻(8.5%)。吸入途径(60%)是阿片类物质最常见的使用途径,其次是注射途径(29.4%)和口服途径(10.6%)。女性阿片类滥用的流行率(54.6%)显著高于男性(45.4%),(P=0.032,奇数比=1.18,95%CI=1.03-1.42)。低教育水平与较高的药物滥用率相关(P=0.042,奇数比1.39,95%CI=1.14-1.64),但性别、教育水平和药物滥用类型之间没有显著相关性。总体而言,阿片类药物滥用和依赖与缓解术后疼痛的阿片类止痛药需求增加至少30%有关。阿片类药物滥用患者未记录到阿片类物质戒断症状。结论:结果显示,超过三分之一的外科住院患者(34%)滥用药物,女性的药物滥用率更高,这是一个意外的发现。阿片类药物滥用与教育水平显著相关。阿片类药物依赖患者在术后接受更高剂量的阿片类。由于阿片类药物滥用会影响术前和术后的手术和护理专业人员,尤其是护士,在照顾这些人时需要持续的医学教育和专业支持。
{"title":"The prevalence of substance abuse among elective surgical inpatients in teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran","authors":"G. Sepehri, M. Khaksari, Sara Vafadar, Hossein Satari","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_35_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_35_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Opioid abuse prior to hospitalization in patients undergoing surgical procedures is associated with challenges in pain management, determining anesthetic dose, and providing nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate opioid abuse/dependence in hospitalized patients undergoing major elective surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 patients who were candidates for major elective surgery were assessed for demographic characteristics, perioperative and postoperative pain management, type and route of opioid abuse, and the current use of other abused substances. Results: Substance abuse was observed in 34% of surgical inpatients. The mean duration of substance abuse was 4.3 ± 1.9 years. Opioids were the most frequently abused substances (67.9%), followed by naswar (16.4%) and marijuana (8.5%). The inhalation route (60%) was the most common route for opioid use, followed by injection (29.4%) and oral route (10.6%). The prevalence of opioid abuse in females (54.6%) was significantly higher than males (45.4%), (P = 0.032, odd ratio =1.18, 95% CI = 1.03 -1.42). Low education level was associated with a higher rate of substance abuse (P = 0.042, Odd ratio=1.39, 95% CI = 1.14 -1.64), but there was no significant correlation between sex, education level, and substance abuse type. Overall, opioid abuse and dependence were associated with at least a 30% increase in the need for opioid analgesics to relieve postoperative pain. No opioid withdrawal signs were recorded in opioid-abusing patients. Conclusion: The results showed substance/drug abuse in more than one-third of surgical inpatients (34%) and a higher rate of drug abuse in women, which was an unexpected finding. Opioid abuse was significantly associated with education level. Opioid-dependent patients received higher doses of opioids during postoperative periods. Since opioid abuse can affect both preoperative and postoperative surgical and nursing health professionals, especially nurses, need continued medical education and professional support in caring for these individuals.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"104 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronic antidepressant use: Effects on various organ histology and blood cell counts in adult albino rats 慢性抗抑郁药的使用:对成年白化大鼠各种器官组织学和血细胞计数的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_122_21
M. Bariweni, Y. Oboma, Ebibodo Samuel
Background: Chronic use of antidepressant drugs often results in drug-induced organ damage, which is mostly undetected and under-reported. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of selected antidepressants on organs and blood cell counts in adult albino rats. Materials and Methods: Adult rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Group 1 (5 mL/kg of body weight/day normal saline), Group 2 (1 mg/kg of body weight/day risperidone), Group 3 (5 mg/kg of body weight/day fluoxetine), and Group 4 (15 mg/kg of body weight/day imipramine) for 14 days. The animals experienced different stressors during the treatment period to simulate physiological state of depression. On the 14th day, the animals were exposed to the forced swimming test 1 h after the respective treatments. On the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed under halothane anesthesia. Blood sample was collected. Liver and kidney were excised for histological examination. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Kidney histology was normal for all groups. Risperidone-exposed rats presented with hepatotoxicity with areas of zonal necrosis and partial central vein congestion. Neutrophil (%) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups when compared with controls. White blood cell count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the imipramine and risperidone treatment groups but significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine treatment group when compared with controls. Also, the platelet count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but decreased in imipramine-and risperidone-treated groups. Conclusion: Chronic antidepressant use can cause changes in blood cell counts and drug-induced organ damage; hence, frequent organ function tests and blood count are required in patients undergoing chronic antidepressant therapy.
背景:长期使用抗抑郁药物通常会导致药物诱导的器官损伤,而这种损伤大多未被发现和报道不足。本研究旨在评估所选抗抑郁药对成年白化大鼠器官和血细胞计数的影响。材料和方法:成年大鼠分为4组(n=5):第1组(5 mL/kg体重/天生理盐水)、第2组(1 mg/kg体重/天利培酮)、第3组(5 mg/kg体重/天氟西汀)和第4组(15 mg/kg体重/日丙咪嗪),共14天。动物在治疗期间经历了不同的压力源,以模拟抑郁的生理状态。在第14天,动物在各自处理后1小时暴露于强迫游泳试验。第15天,在氟烷麻醉下处死动物。采集血样。切除肝脏和肾脏进行组织学检查。结果采用单因素方差分析法进行分析。结果:各组肾脏组织学均正常。利培酮暴露大鼠表现出肝毒性,区域呈带状坏死和部分中心静脉充血。与对照组相比,所有治疗组的中性粒细胞(%)均显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,咪嗪和利培酮治疗组的白细胞计数显著增加(P<0.01),但氟西汀治疗组的红细胞计数显著降低(P<0.01)。此外,氟西汀组的血小板计数显著增加(P<0.01),而丙咪嗪和利培酮治疗组的血小板数下降。结论:长期使用抗抑郁药可引起血细胞计数变化和药物引起的器官损伤;因此,接受慢性抗抑郁治疗的患者需要经常进行器官功能测试和血液计数。
{"title":"Chronic antidepressant use: Effects on various organ histology and blood cell counts in adult albino rats","authors":"M. Bariweni, Y. Oboma, Ebibodo Samuel","doi":"10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_122_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_122_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic use of antidepressant drugs often results in drug-induced organ damage, which is mostly undetected and under-reported. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of selected antidepressants on organs and blood cell counts in adult albino rats. Materials and Methods: Adult rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Group 1 (5 mL/kg of body weight/day normal saline), Group 2 (1 mg/kg of body weight/day risperidone), Group 3 (5 mg/kg of body weight/day fluoxetine), and Group 4 (15 mg/kg of body weight/day imipramine) for 14 days. The animals experienced different stressors during the treatment period to simulate physiological state of depression. On the 14th day, the animals were exposed to the forced swimming test 1 h after the respective treatments. On the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed under halothane anesthesia. Blood sample was collected. Liver and kidney were excised for histological examination. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Kidney histology was normal for all groups. Risperidone-exposed rats presented with hepatotoxicity with areas of zonal necrosis and partial central vein congestion. Neutrophil (%) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups when compared with controls. White blood cell count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the imipramine and risperidone treatment groups but significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine treatment group when compared with controls. Also, the platelet count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but decreased in imipramine-and risperidone-treated groups. Conclusion: Chronic antidepressant use can cause changes in blood cell counts and drug-induced organ damage; hence, frequent organ function tests and blood count are required in patients undergoing chronic antidepressant therapy.","PeriodicalId":16966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"118 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49432374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vanillic acid prevents interferon-alpha and cyclosporine A-induced depressant-like behavior in mice 香草酸可预防干扰素α和环孢素a诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_82_21
Omid Hajhashemi, A. Mesripour, V. Hajhashemi
Background: Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a useful therapy for some types of cancers and viral infections. Cyclosporine A (CSA) is an immunosuppressant drug used to reduce the risk of graft rejection. Chronic use of IFN-α and CSA are related to psychological symptoms such as depression. Vanillic acid (VA) is a naturally occurring flavoring substance with antidepressant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of VA on depression caused by these two drugs in a mice model. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss mice (25–30 g) were used. Depression was induced by IFN-α 1600000 IU/kg, sc for six days, or CSA20 mg/kg, ip for 3 days as VA 25 mg/kg, and pretreatment was ip injected. After evaluating the locomotor activity, depression was assessed by forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference (SP) test. Results: The selected treatments did not cause significant changes in the locomotor activity. IFN-α significantly increased the immobility time during FST (184.5 ± 12.9 s vs. vehicle 107.1 ± 11.4s) indicating depressive-like effect, and VA pretreatment reversed it (94.8 ± 17.8 s vs. IFN-α), SP increased to 76%. CSA also increased the immobility time during FST (160.3 ± 3.4 s vs. vehicle 113.2 ± 7.6 s; P < 0.05), VA pretreatment reduced it (81.8 ± 16.9 s, vs. cyclosporine; P < 0.001), and SP increased from 38% to 75%. SP results were in agreement with FST results. Conclusion: VA showed useful effect against IFN-α and cyclosporine-induced depression in mice. Further clinical studies regarding VA antidepressant effect in patients receiving IFN-α or CSA are warranted.
背景:干扰素-α(IFN-α)对某些类型的癌症和病毒感染是一种有用的治疗方法。环孢菌素A(CSA)是一种免疫抑制剂,用于降低移植物排斥反应的风险。长期使用IFN-α和CSA与抑郁症等心理症状有关。香草酸(VA)是一种天然存在的具有抗抑郁潜力的调味物质。本研究的目的是在小鼠模型中评估VA对这两种药物引起的抑郁症的影响。材料和方法:雄性瑞士小鼠(25-30 g) 使用。IFN-α1600000 IU/kg,sc 6天,或CSA20诱导抑郁症 mg/kg,ip 3天,作为VA 25 mg/kg,ip注射预处理。在评估运动活动后,通过强迫游泳试验(FST)和蔗糖偏好试验(SP)来评估抑郁。结果:所选择的治疗没有引起运动活动的显著变化。IFN-α显著增加FST期间的不动时间(184.5 ± 12.9 s与车辆107.1 ± 11.4s)表示抑郁样作用,VA预处理逆转了这种作用(94.8 ± 17.8 与IFN-α相比),SP增加到76%。CSA还增加了FST期间的不动时间(160.3 ± 3.4 s与车辆113.2 ± 7.6 sP<0.05),VA预处理使其降低(81.8 ± 16.9 s、 vs.环孢菌素;P<0.001),SP从38%增加到75%。SP结果与FST结果一致。结论:VA对IFN-α和环孢菌素诱导的小鼠抑郁有一定的抑制作用。有必要对接受IFN-α或CSA治疗的VA患者的抗抑郁作用进行进一步的临床研究。
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引用次数: 3
Apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of Mimusops elengi leaf extract in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells 艾叶提取物对艾氏腹水癌细胞的凋亡和抗增殖作用
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_53_21
B. Kar, P. Haldar, Goutam Rath, G. Ghosh
Context: Mimusops elengi Linn. (Sapotaceae) is commonly known as bakul. Traditionally, the various parts of the plants have been used in the treatment of wound healing, pain, and tumor. Objective: To evaluate the role of Mimusops elengi extract (MEE) on proliferation, apoptosis, and bcl2 gene expression in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells lines and establish the possible mechanisms linked with anticancer activity. Settings and Design: EAC cells were treated with methanol MEE (20–400 µg/mL) in time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h. Materials and Methods: The antiproliferative effect of extract was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation study, cell cycle analysis, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay were performed to assess the apoptosis, and lastly, western blotting study was performed to assess the bands intensities using the ImageJ® analysis (a Java-based image processing program system, National Institutes of Health and the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI). Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Dunnett’s post hoc test. Results: MEE shows significant antiproliferative effect on EAC cell lines. In the DNA fragmentation assay, it shows significant fragmentation of DNA. In the cell cycle analysis and Annexin V-FITC assay, there was arrested in sub-G1 phase and initiation of cell apoptosis. In western blotting study, the extract shows low expression of bcl-2 and overexpression of Bax proteins. Conclusions: From the above result, it concludes that MEE has significant apoptosis-inducing properties.
背景:长叶草。(仙人掌科)通常被称为巴库。传统上,植物的各个部分已被用于治疗伤口愈合,疼痛和肿瘤。目的:探讨蜜草提取物(MEE)对埃利希腹水癌(EAC)细胞增殖、凋亡及bcl2基因表达的影响,并探讨其抗癌作用的可能机制。设置和设计:EAC细胞用甲醇MEE(20-400µg/mL)处理,时间间隔为24、48和72 h。材料与方法:采用3-(4,5 -二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑法评价提取物的抗增殖作用;进行脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)片段化研究、细胞周期分析和膜联蛋白v -异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)测定来评估细胞凋亡,最后,使用ImageJ®分析(一种基于java的图像处理程序系统,美国国立卫生研究院和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校光学和计算仪器实验室)进行western blotting研究来评估条带强度。统计分析方法:采用单因素方差分析和Dunnett事后检验对数据进行分析。结果:MEE对EAC细胞株有明显的抗增殖作用。在DNA片段分析中,它显示出明显的DNA片段。在细胞周期分析和Annexin V-FITC实验中,细胞阻滞在亚g1期,细胞凋亡开始。western blotting结果显示,提取物bcl-2低表达,Bax蛋白过表达。结论:综上所述,MEE具有明显的细胞凋亡诱导作用。
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引用次数: 1
Intestinal side effects of improper antibiotic use: Cause, symptoms, and treatment through probiotic food sources 抗生素使用不当的肠道副作用:益生菌食物来源的原因、症状和治疗
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_108_21
Amirabbas Nikmaram
When antibiotics emerged, they gained lots of interest on the basis that they could protect and help human beings against a variety of bacterial diseases. These include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, sinus infections, etc. However, they have the potential to cause undeniable side effects including the drastic alter of gut microbiota. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal side effects could also result from these alterations in gut microbiota. To diminish these side effects, the use of probiotics was proposed. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that have health benefits for the host by countervailing the bacteria which were lost in the gut, and they can be gained through different resources such as supplemented capsules and foods (especially dairy products). In this review, we discussed the antibiotic-associated side effects which can be treated or prevented by consuming probiotic foods.
当抗生素出现时,它们引起了人们的极大兴趣,因为它们可以保护和帮助人类对抗各种细菌性疾病。其中包括尿路感染、肺炎、鼻窦感染等。然而,它们有可能导致不可否认的副作用,包括肠道微生物群的剧烈变化。这些肠道微生物群的改变也可能导致抗生素相关的腹泻、恶心、呕吐和其他胃肠道副作用。为了减少这些副作用,建议使用益生菌。益生菌被定义为通过对抗肠道中丢失的细菌对宿主健康有益的活微生物,它们可以通过补充胶囊和食品(尤其是乳制品)等不同资源获得。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了可以通过食用益生菌食品来治疗或预防的抗生素相关副作用。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and antihistaminic potential of some novel substituted dinitrophenothiazine derivatives 新型取代二硝基吩噻嗪衍生物的合成及其抗组胺作用
IF 0.6 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_72_21
D. Bisht, Anita Singh, Ashok Sharma, V. Parcha
Background: Phenothiazine consists of a three-ring structure compound in which two benzene rings are connected with nitrogen and sulfur atoms at nonadjacent sides. Phenothiazine and its substituted derivatives are abundantly able to produce a variety of important pharmacological and valuable therapeutic effects, and till now, these are under profound investigational processes. Objective: To synthesize and evaluate the antihistaminic potential of some newly synthesized dinitrophenothiazine derivatives. Materials and Methods: Different derivatives have been synthesized by the appropriate chemical scheme using dinitrophenothiazine as a basic nucleus. The completion of the chemical reactions has been monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized products (P1–P25) were affirmed by elemental analysis and by spectral (infra-red, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy) findings and further examined for antihistaminic potential in guinea pigs. The synthesized products were also evaluated for their acute toxicity study and were found nontoxic. Results: The majority of the synthesized products of the dinitrophenothiazine series, namely, P07, P11, P12, P13, P15, P16, P17, P18, P19, and P20, have shown antihistaminic activity and compared with mepyramine (standard drug) at 0.8 µg/mL. Among the synthesized products, P18 was found to exhibit maximum antihistaminic activity. However, all the synthesized compounds were found to elicit a significant antihistaminic effect when compared with the standard drug. Conclusion: Therefore, dinitrophenothiazine compounds could be a good starting point to develop efficacious and potent analogues, as an antihistaminic agent in the treatment of allergic disorders.
背景:吩噻嗪是一种三环结构化合物,其中两个苯环在非相邻的两侧与氮原子和硫原子相连。吩噻嗪及其取代衍生物丰富,能够产生多种重要的药理和有价值的治疗作用,迄今为止,这些都处于深入的研究过程中。目的:合成并评价新合成的几种二硝基吩噻嗪衍生物的抗组胺作用。材料与方法:以二硝基吩噻嗪为基核,采用合适的化学方案合成了不同的衍生物。用薄层色谱法监测化学反应的完成情况。新合成产物(P1-P25)的化学结构经元素分析和光谱(红外、1H核磁共振和质谱)证实,并进一步检测豚鼠抗组胺潜能。合成产物也进行了急性毒性研究,发现无毒。结果:二硝基吩噻嗪系列合成产物P07、P11、P12、P13、P15、P16、P17、P18、P19、P20在0.8µg/mL的浓度下与标准药物甲吡嗪相比,大部分具有抗组胺活性。在合成产物中,P18的抗组胺活性最强。然而,与标准药物相比,所有合成的化合物都具有显著的抗组胺作用。结论:二硝基吩噻嗪类化合物可作为抗组胺药治疗变应性疾病的良好起点,开发有效的类似物。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences
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